CN100465857C - Simplifying method facing to embedded system low-power consumption real time task scheduling - Google Patents
Simplifying method facing to embedded system low-power consumption real time task scheduling Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention is used for optimizing the real-time task scheduling performance of the embedded system when it is running at low power consumption condition. It uses a real-time dynamical voltage-regulating and frequency-regulating technology and a real-time time flake cycle model to reach the real-time scheduling at low power consumption. Based on a time flake cycle task model, the invention adds a task real-time restrict to ensure the real-time capability of the task. Based on an original scheduling method, the invention adds a processor frequency controlling parameter to make the system get the lowest running frequency according to the real-time requirement of computing task.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to based on the built-in system software field of energy-saving technology, particularly relate to a kind of short-cut method towards embedded system low-power consumption real time task scheduling.
Background technology
In portable embedded device field of power management, present difficulty is to satisfy the requirement of portable terminal to the power supply power supply, accomplishes to take up room little, in light weight again and power-on time is longer.The power solution emphasis of consumer electronics product of future generation should concentrate on hardware and software two aspect technology, comprise: (1) is under small and exquisite physical dimension, how to realize the technology and the technology of required power source performance, relate to technology such as heat management, noise reduction, battery management and function integration; (2) dynamic power management technology, it depends on that cpu performance, software, middleware and user are to changing the requirements such as the time interval of battery; (3) the dynamic power management technology is to operating system nucleus and driver, and application programming interface (API) is to the influence of driver, middleware and application itself.
The function of embedded device becomes from strength to strength now, and function is also more and more abundanter.Along with the embedded device function is more and more, the user is also more and more higher to the energy requirement of embedded device battery, and existing lithium ion battery more and more has been difficult to satisfy the requirement of consumer to normal service time.To this, industry is mainly taked two kinds of methods, and the one, exploitation possesses the more novel battery technology of high-energy-density, and as fuel cell, in predictable 5 years, battery technology can not have very big breakthrough; The 2nd, the energy conversion efficiency of battery and energy-conservation aspect work hard.Under the at present new still jejune situation of high-energy battery technology (as fuel cell), the power management of handheld device of future generation can only be from improving the power utilization rate and reducing these two aspects of power consumption and set about.
How to prolong the serviceable life of battery, and the consumption that as far as possible reduces the energy content of battery has become a research focus of built-in field.Mainly concentrate on hardware design and software optimization two aspects now.Wherein software optimization aspect mainly comprises system software and application software two aspects now.System software mainly concentrates on two of compiler and operating system nucleuss.
In the operating system field, main method for managing power supply is to utilize operating system nucleus now, the frequency of dynamic Adjustment System processor and bus, the whole energy consumption of reduction system.And system can make system be in low power consumpting state, to reach purpose of energy saving by dynamic frequency instruction change system state.Aspect compiler, now mainly by compiler in the compiling application program stage, code is optimized, compactness and the access means that code tries one's best concentrated as far as possible, to reach purpose of energy saving.
In the top method, implementing all needs more loaded down with trivial details process, and does not consider real-time, has certain restriction in the application in embedded system field now.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of short-cut method towards embedded system low-power consumption real time task scheduling.
The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems is:
1) time slice scheduling of real-time task:
In the real-time task formation, when having a plurality of real-time task, system will dispatch the task in the system by the mode of timeslice, to satisfy the needs of each real-time task;
The mode of time slice scheduling is the timeslice of being divided five equilibrium the working time of processor, when task is moved on processor, can only move a timeslice length, after timeslice uses up, is forced to stop to carry out, and changes next task and carries out;
2) frequency ratio of new real-time task is calculated:
In real-time system, real-time task it have following parameter to determine: the working time of the start time of task, the final term of real-time task and task;
Frequency ratio with three top parameters merge produce, the computing method of frequency ratio are shown in following formula:
pf＝/(e-b)
Wherein
Pf is the frequency ratio of real-time task,
P is the time of real-time task actual needs operation,
E is the final term of real-time task,
B is the start time of real-time task;
3) frequency ratio of total real-time task is calculated:
When new real-time task joins the task run formation, system will calculate the frequency ratio of new real-time task and calculate, and calculate the frequency ratio of general assignment then;
The computing method of total real-time task frequency ratio are shown in following formula:
pfsum＝pfsum+T.pf
Wherein pfsum is the frequency ratio of total real-time task, and its initial value is 0,
"=" is expressed as assignment, and promptly the new value of pfsum equals original must the value of pfsum to add T.pf,
T is the control word of new real-time task, and control word is that operating system is used for the data structure of the task of describing;
Pf is the frequency ratio of new real-time task;
T.pf represents the frequency ratio of real-time task T;
4) processor frequencies setting:
Dispatching system calculates a new frequency values according to the frequency ratio of total real-time task, when new frequency values during greater than present frequency, and the frequency that the frequency configuration Cheng Xin of processor is calculated, otherwise constant.
The new processor frequency calculating formula is:
f＝pfsum×fmax
Wherein:
F is new processor frequencies;
Pfsum be the just task in operation queue pf and;
Fmax is the maximum frequency of operation of processor.
The present invention compares with background technology, and the useful effect that has is:
The present invention combines the real-time and the low-power consumption scheduling work of operating system, utilizes the real-time that has operating system now to guarantee the real-time requirement of task.The present invention when guaranteeing the understanding real-time, reaches the purpose of low-power consumption by the low-power consumption scheduling method is dissolved in the real-time task scheduling, prolongs the service time of system battery.
(1) real-time: when application program was moved in system, the method that dispatching algorithm is rotated according to timeslice was dispatched, and had guaranteed the real-time of system.
(2) stability: operating system is grasped the right of dynamic debugging system state in own hand, rather than transfers to application program, and system just can guarantee the stable of system at the state of taking into account dynamic debugging system under the overall situation like this.
(3) practicality: utilize the short-cut method of low-power-consumption real-time task scheduling, the code of modification system that can be few as far as possible reaches energy-conservation purpose.Through repeatedly checking, this method can well reduce programmer's workload, and is very practical.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a pf value schematic diagram;
Fig. 2 is the process flow diagram of whole dispatching system work.
Embodiment
When implementing the short-cut method of embedded system low-power consumption real time task scheduling, operating system has been considered in real time and energy-conservation two constraints in scheduling process.
The short-cut method specific implementation flow process of embedded system low-power consumption real time task scheduling is as follows.
1) time slice scheduling of real-time task:
In the real-time task formation, when having a plurality of real-time task, system will dispatch the task in the system by the mode of timeslice, to satisfy the needs of each real-time task.
The mode of time slice scheduling is the timeslice of being divided five equilibrium the working time of processor, when task is moved on processor, can only move a timeslice length, after timeslice uses up, is forced to stop to carry out, and changes next task and carries out.
After the task on the processor was scheduled away, scheduler was selected a new task, and distributed timeslice to give this new task.In time, this task will be occupied the resource of processor in this timeslice, use up or task is finished up to timeslice.After the timeslice of task uses up, task will temporarily be deprived the right of using processor, and this task will be placed to the end of operation queue, wait for being scheduled on the processor next time and move.Simultaneously, the another one task will be scheduled on the processor and carry out.All tasks that guaranteed by turns of timeslice all have the chance of operation.
2) frequency ratio of new real-time task is calculated:
In real-time system, real-time task it have following parameter to determine: the working time of the start time of task, the final term of real-time task and task;
Frequency ratio with three top parameters merge produce, the computing method of frequency ratio are shown in following formula:
pf＝p/(e-b)
Wherein
Pf is the frequency ratio of real-time task,
P is the time of real-time task actual needs operation,
E is the final term of real-time task,
B is the start time of real-time task;
Guarantee the real-time of task, system must guarantee that task finishes all working before the final term of real-time task, guarantees the real-time of system by guarantee execution that system finishes the work before the final term of real-time task.The time explanation of task actual needs operation is finished the work and is needed the time number of execution.
Calculate the value of pf, can help system guarantee under the prerequisite of real-time, reduce the calculated amount and the computation complexity of work.Pf has merged this three parameters, and pf also is of practical significance, as long as process is claimed the pf parameter of oneself, the requirement of the real-time of oneself just can be described.Such as pf is 0.1, if so explanation is moving in this process from b to e always, as long as the frequency of processor is arranged on one of 1/10 of highest frequency, this task just can be finished before the time limit.
Why can determine the frequency of processor with the value of pf, if be because pf represents that a task takies processor from start to end always, the needed frequency of processor, so if a plurality of task the value of their pf is added up, it is exactly the processor frequencies that these required by task are wanted, though system comes the distribution time in the mode of time-slotting, but total effect is the same, as shown in Figure 1, wherein Fig. 1 a is the frequency ratio of real-time task T1, Fig. 1 b is the frequency ratio of real-time task T2, and Fig. 1 c is the sum frequency ratio of real-time task T1+T2.
3) frequency ratio of total real-time task is calculated:
The fundamental purpose of calculating individual task pf value is for calculating total real-time task frequency ratio of total system.When new real-time task joins the task run formation, system will calculate the frequency ratio of new real-time task and calculate, and calculate the frequency ratio of general assignment then.
The computing method of total real-time task frequency ratio are shown in following formula:
pfsum＝pfsum+T.pf
Wherein pfsum is the frequency ratio of total real-time task, and its initial value is 0,
"=" is expressed as assignment, and promptly the new value of pfsum equals original must the value of pfsum to add T.pf,
T is the control word (control word be operating system be used for the data structure of the task of describing) of new real-time task,
Pf is the frequency ratio of new real-time task,
T.pf represents the frequency ratio of real-time task T;
The calculating of total real-time task frequency ratio is the basis of energy-saving distribution, can calculate a rational processor running frequency by the frequency ratio of calculating total real-time task.
4) processor frequencies setting:
Dispatching system calculates a new frequency values according to the frequency ratio of total real-time task, when new frequency values during greater than present frequency, and the frequency that the frequency configuration Cheng Xin of processor is calculated, otherwise constant.
When system does not have real-time task, just be transferred to the frequency of processor minimum.Three parameters of system held: the current frequency of the pfsum of task and system in the pf value of task, the operation queue in the operation queue.When system has new task to be added to operation queue, calculate the pf value of new task.Its pf value is added to original pfsum the inside, and then determines the frequency of processor,, heighten the frequency of processor so if the present frequency of this frequency ratio wants high according to the value of new pfsum.When system does not have real-time task, just pfsum is put 0, the frequency of processor is transferred to minimum.The new processor frequency calculating formula is:
f＝pfsum×fmax
Wherein,
F is new processor frequencies,
Pfsum be the just task in operation queue pf and,
Fmax is the maximum frequency of operation of processor.
The overall flow figure of dispatching system as shown in Figure 2.
Claims (1)
1. short-cut method towards embedded system low-power consumption real time task scheduling is characterized in that:
1) time slice scheduling of real-time task:
In the real-time task formation, when having a plurality of real-time task, system will dispatch the task in the system by the mode of timeslice, to satisfy the needs of each real-time task;
The mode of time slice scheduling is the timeslice of being divided five equilibrium the working time of processor, when task is moved on processor, can only move a timeslice length, after timeslice uses up, is forced to stop to carry out, and changes next task and carries out;
2) frequency ratio of new real-time task is calculated:
In real-time system, real-time task it have following parameter to determine: the working time of the start time of task, the final term of real-time task and task;
Frequency ratio with three top parameters merge produce, the computing method of frequency ratio are shown in following formula:
pf＝p/(e-b)
Wherein
Pf is the frequency ratio of real-time task,
P is the time of real-time task actual needs operation,
E is the final term of real-time task,
B is the start time of real-time task;
3) frequency ratio of total real-time task is calculated:
When new real-time task joins the task run formation, system will calculate the frequency ratio of new real-time task and calculate, and calculate the frequency ratio of general assignment then;
The computing method of total real-time task frequency ratio are shown in following formula:
pfsum＝pfsum+T.pf
Wherein pfsum is the frequency ratio of total real-time task, and its initial value is 0,
"=" is expressed as assignment, and promptly the new value of pfsum equals original must the value of pfsum to add T.pf,
T is the control word of new real-time task, and control word is that operating system is used for the data structure of the task of describing;
Pf is the frequency ratio of new real-time task;
T.pf represents the frequency ratio of real-time task T;
4) processor frequencies setting:
Dispatching system calculates a new frequency values according to the frequency ratio of total real-time task, when new frequency values during greater than present frequency, and the frequency that the frequency configuration Cheng Xin of processor is calculated, otherwise constant;
The new processor frequency calculating formula is:
f＝pfsum×fmax
Wherein:
F is new processor frequencies;
Pfsum be the just task in operation queue pf and;
Fmax is the maximum frequency of operation of processor.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN103440171A (en) * | 2013-08-25 | 2013-12-11 | 浙江大学 | Realization method of real-time operating system of component-based hardware |
| CN104808770A (en) * | 2015-04-23 | 2015-07-29 | 南京大学 | Data center energy consumption management method and system based on dynamic frequency modulation |
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| CN101452404B (en) * | 2008-12-09 | 2013-11-06 | 中兴通讯股份有限公司 | Task scheduling apparatus and method for embedded operating system |
| CN101604198B (en) * | 2009-07-10 | 2010-09-29 | 杭州电子科技大学 | Method for reducing power consumption of embedded system |
| CN102104656A (en) * | 2009-12-21 | 2011-06-22 | 康佳集团股份有限公司 | Method and electronic device for processing task at variable frequency |
| CN102360246B (en) * | 2011-10-14 | 2014-04-09 | 武汉理工大学 | Self-adaptive threshold-based energy-saving scheduling method in heterogeneous distributed system |
| US9152451B2 (en) * | 2013-01-03 | 2015-10-06 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC | Method of distributing processor loading between real-time processor threads |
| CN103645797B (en) * | 2013-12-17 | 2016-03-16 | 武汉科技大学 | A kind of low power consumption frequency modulation based on timeslice utilization factor |
| CN105975049B (en) * | 2016-05-05 | 2018-08-24 | 华侨大学 | A kind of accidental task low energy consumption dispatching method of tasks synchronization |
| CN108958449B (en) * | 2017-05-26 | 2023-07-07 | 中兴通讯股份有限公司 | CPU power consumption adjusting method and device |
| CN108845659B (en) * | 2018-01-30 | 2021-06-04 | 武汉大学 | Embedded processor real-time task allocation method with priority on power consumption |
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| CN104808770A (en) * | 2015-04-23 | 2015-07-29 | 南京大学 | Data center energy consumption management method and system based on dynamic frequency modulation |
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