CN100465594C - Electronic calibrating thermal electron-releasing radiometer with ultraviolet reinforcing - Google Patents
Electronic calibrating thermal electron-releasing radiometer with ultraviolet reinforcing Download PDFInfo
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- CN100465594C CN100465594C CNB2006100249895A CN200610024989A CN100465594C CN 100465594 C CN100465594 C CN 100465594C CN B2006100249895 A CNB2006100249895 A CN B2006100249895A CN 200610024989 A CN200610024989 A CN 200610024989A CN 100465594 C CN100465594 C CN 100465594C
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Abstract
An electric radiation meter of ultraviolet intensified type used for electrically calibrating heat release consists of main measurement circuit formed by photoelectrical automatic balance unit as well as data collection and power calculation unit, optical chopper and electric probe of heat release in ultraviolet intensified type. It is operated as using said balance unit to regulate electric heating power of said probe to let it be equal to light heating power of said probe then measuring electric heating power value by data collection and power calculation unit, finally carrying out digitalization process on electric power value and storing as well as displaying the result.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a measurement technology, in particular to an accurate measurement technology for measuring the pyroelectric radiation of the ultraviolet radiation power by electrical calibration.
Background
Generally, there are two methods of measuring the power of ultraviolet radiation, one using a standard light source and one using a standard detector. Both methods go through a series of measurements, so that the cumulative error delivered increases, affecting the result of the final measurement. The existing radiation measurement standard in China is a cavity type thermopile based on a detector, the other standard is a black body based on a light source, but the radiation measurement standard and the black body are difficult to use in an ultraviolet band, and the measurement error is large.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide the ultraviolet enhanced electric calibration pyroelectric radiometer with high precision, high sensitivity and wide spectral measurement range.
In order to solve the technical problem, the invention provides an ultraviolet enhanced type electrical calibration pyroelectric radiometer, which comprises a main measuring circuit part, a high-stability optical chopper and an ultraviolet enhanced type pyroelectric probe; wherein,
the main measurement circuit part comprises a photoelectric automatic balance system and a data acquisition and power calculation system;
the photoelectric automatic balancing system consists of a preamplifier, a frequency-selecting amplifier, a synchronous rectifier, a compensation integrator, a square-wave modulator and a balance driver which are sequentially connected, wherein the preamplifier is used for amplifying an input optical signal, the frequency-selecting amplifier is used for amplifying a fundamental frequency signal output by the preamplifier and filtering noise, the synchronous rectifier is used for converting the signal output by the frequency-selecting amplifier into a direct current signal, the compensation integrator is used for integrating the signal output by the synchronous rectifier, the square-wave modulator is used for modulating the signal output by the compensation integrator, and the balance driver is used for amplifying the power of the signal output by the square-wave modulator; the system comprises a photoelectric automatic balancing system, a balance driver, a pyroelectric probe, a pyroelectric detector, a pyroelectric signal processing circuit and a control circuit, wherein the preamplifier at the input end of the photoelectric automatic balancing system is connected with the pyroelectric probe, the balance driver at the output end of the photoelectric automatic balancing system is connected with the pyroelectric probe and controls the pyroelectric detector to be electrically heated when a chopper cuts off a light path, and the photoelectric automatic balancing system is used for completing conversion of an input optical signal and conditioning of an.
The data acquisition and power calculation system comprises a current-voltage conversion circuit, an A/D (analog-to-digital) conversion circuit and a single chip microcomputer control circuit which are sequentially connected, wherein the current-voltage conversion circuit is used for converting current to be measured into voltage, the A/D conversion circuit is used for performing analog-to-digital conversion on the output quantity of the current-voltage conversion circuit, the single chip microcomputer control circuit is used for controlling the A/D analog-to-digital conversion, the current-voltage conversion circuit at the input end of the data acquisition and power calculation system is connected with an electric heating output end of the photoelectric automatic balance system, and the data acquisition and power calculation system is used for acquiring, converting, correcting, storing and displaying electric power value data which are equal to an optical.
The high-stability optical chopper uses a high-precision and high-stability synchronous motor to ensure the balance of a modulation disc; the pyroelectric detector can not only be irradiated with modulated optical signals, but also provide reference signals for the phase-locked circuit;
when the chopper is electrified, ultraviolet light radiates to the surface of the gold black layer of the ultraviolet enhanced pyroelectric detector, so that the detector outputs a corresponding electric signal; when the chopper cuts off the light path, the ultraviolet radiation no longer heats the detector surface, and the current pulse generated by the servo system (photoelectric automatic balance system) passes through the gold-black layer on the detector surface, at which time the pyroelectric detector generates a signal due to the electric heating action. The servo system (photoelectric automatic balance system) increases the amplitude of the heating current with the increase of the optical heating signal, when the two heating signals are equal, namely the temperature of the surface of the detector reaches the balance, the output of the detector is zero. At the moment, the optical heating power is equal to the electric heating power, the optical power value can be obtained by measuring the electric power value by the data acquisition and power calculation system, and finally, the electric power is digitally processed and displayed. Of course, due to the existence of various errors, after comprehensive consideration is carried out, the measured value is analyzed and corrected, and then the final measuring result is obtained.
Furthermore, in the electric calibration pyroelectric radiometer, an automatic zero-setting locking detection system is used, a 50% load cycle and a narrow-band preamplifier are adopted, and only the matching of electrical heating and optical heating fundamental frequency components is used; incident radiation is modulated into a 14Hz square wave and is absorbed by gold and black on the surface of the detector, heating electric power is also modulated into the 14Hz square wave, voltage is generated on a gold and black resistor, the frequency of the gold and black resistor is the same, the phase difference is 180 degrees, the heating element is alternately heated, and the magnitude of a signal output by the element is in direct proportion to the power difference between optical heating and electric heating; and measuring the electric heating power to obtain the optical power value.
Further, the structure of the data acquisition and power calculation system comprises:
the current-voltage conversion circuit is used for collecting, amplifying and converting electric power signals;
the input end of the A/D analog-to-digital conversion circuit is connected with the output end of the current-voltage conversion circuit and is used for analog-to-digital conversion of an electric power signal;
the input end of the singlechip control circuit is connected with the output end of the A/D analog-to-digital conversion circuit and is used for power calculation and power correction: the output end of the singlechip control circuit is respectively connected with a keyboard, a display control circuit, a printing output circuit, an interface circuit and the like;
and the data storage circuit is connected with the singlechip control circuit and is used for data acquisition and data storage of the power calculation system.
Furthermore, the ultraviolet enhanced pyroelectric probe is designed to be a suspended structure, and PMNT relaxor ferroelectric single crystals with high pyroelectric coefficients are selected as materials of the ultraviolet enhanced pyroelectric probe.
The invention provides an ultraviolet enhanced electric calibration pyroelectric radiometer, which is a high-precision absolute radiometer for measuring ultraviolet radiation power and belongs to high-precision electric substitution absolute radiometers. Since the electric calibration radiometer can directly relate the optical radiation measurement to the electric quantity, the optical power value is obtained by measuring the electric quantity (note: here, the electric power when the electric heating detector and the optical heating detector are balanced is measured, not the electric signal value output by the detector). This also improves the accuracy of the optical power measurement, since the electrical power measurement can be made with a high degree of accuracy. The ultraviolet enhanced electric calibration pyroelectric radiometer extends the range of measuring light radiation to the ultraviolet region on the basis of an ultraviolet enhanced pyroelectric device. The method traces the measurement standard of the optical power to the standard of the electric power, so that the measurement has high precision and can reach 1% of uncertainty. The ultraviolet enhanced type electric calibration pyroelectric radiometer has the characteristics of high precision, high sensitivity, expandable spectrum range to ultraviolet region and the like. The problem of tracing the optical scale can be converted into tracing the electrical standard by using the method, and the optical standard such as blackbody is not used. This greatly improves accuracy. The ultraviolet enhanced electric calibration pyroelectric radiometer can be applied to many occasions such as calibration detectors, standard lamps, radiation black bodies, laser power meters, UV exposure meters and the like. In practical application, the ECPR has high precision and can be conveniently produced in an instrument, so the ECPR has good commercial prospect and application and popularization values.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block diagram schematic of a UV enhanced Electrically Calibrated Pyroelectric Radiometer (ECPR) system configuration of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a block diagram schematically illustrating the structure of an automatic balancing system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a block diagram of the data acquisition and power calculation system based on a single chip microcomputer according to the embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a structural diagram of a pyroelectric sensitive element in the embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following description will be provided in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, which are not intended to limit the present invention, and all similar structures and similar variations using the present invention shall fall within the scope of the present invention.
The basic principle of the ultraviolet enhanced type electric pyroelectric radiometer measuring system provided by the embodiment of the invention is as follows: when the chopper is electrified, ultraviolet light radiates to the surface of the gold black layer of the ultraviolet enhanced pyroelectric detector, and the gold black absorbs the light and heat, so that the detector outputs a corresponding electric signal; when the chopper cuts off the light path, the ultraviolet radiation no longer heats the detector surface, and the current pulse generated by the servo system passes through the gold-black layer on the detector surface, so that the pyroelectric detector generates a signal under the action of electric heating. The servo system increases the amplitude of the heating current with the increase of the optical heating signal, and when the two heating signals are equal, namely the temperature of the surface of the detector reaches the balance, the output of the detector is zero. At the moment, the optical heating power is equal to the electric heating power, the optical power value can be obtained by measuring the electric power value, and finally, the electric power is digitally processed and displayed. Of course, due to the existence of various errors, after comprehensive consideration is carried out, the measured value is analyzed and corrected, and then the final measuring result is obtained. In the whole calibration measurement system, an auto-zero lock-in detection system is used, a 50% duty cycle and a narrow-band preamplifier are adopted, and only the fundamental frequency components of electric heating and optical heating are used for matching. Incident radiation is modulated into a 14Hz square wave and absorbed by the gold black on the surface of the detector, heating electric power is also modulated into a 14Hz square wave, voltage is generated on a gold black resistor, the frequency of the gold black resistor and the frequency of the gold black resistor are the same, the phase difference is 180 degrees, the element is alternately heated, and the magnitude of a signal output by the element is in direct proportion to the power difference between optical heating and electric heating. And measuring the electric heating power to obtain the optical power value.
The schematic block diagram of an ultraviolet enhanced electrical calibration pyroelectric radiometer ECPR provided by the embodiment of the invention is shown in figure 1, and the circuit structure of the ultraviolet enhanced electrical calibration pyroelectric radiometer ECPR comprises a main measuring circuit part, a high-stability optical chopper and an ultraviolet enhanced pyroelectric probe; wherein,
main measurement circuit part
The main measuring circuit part consists of a photoelectric automatic balance system serving as an analog servo system and a data acquisition and power calculation system based on a single chip microcomputer;
the photoelectric automatic balance system consists of a preamplifier, a frequency-selecting amplifier, a synchronous rectifier, a compensation integrator, a square-wave modulator and a balance driver, wherein the input end of the photoelectric automatic balance system is connected with a pyroelectric probe, and the photoelectric automatic balance system has the functions of completing the conversion of input optical signals and the conditioning of electric signals and realizing the control of the system on signal conversion.
The schematic block diagram of the photoelectric automatic balancing system is shown in FIG. 2; the method comprises the following steps:
the pyroelectric device is used for outputting a power difference electric signal;
the input end of the preamplifier is connected with the pyroelectric device and is used for amplifying the power difference electric signal;
the input end of the frequency-selecting amplifier is connected with the output end of the preamplifier and used for frequency-selecting filtering of the power difference electric signal, and the frequency-selecting amplifier is adjusted on the fundamental wave frequency to filter out noise outside a passband and reduce overload of the synchronous rectifier; filtering out higher harmonics in the signal;
the input end of the synchronous rectifier is connected with the output end of the frequency-selective amplifier, and the synchronous rectifier is used for synchronously rectifying signals;
the input end of the compensation integrator is connected with the output end of the synchronous rectifier to perform compensation integration on the signal, the compensation integrator determines the frequency response of the system and stabilizes the system by high direct current gain;
the input end of the square wave modulator (electric heater) is connected with the output end of the compensation integrator and is used for converting the direct current signal output by the compensation integrator into an electric heating signal with alternating polarity;
the input end of the balance (excitation) driver is connected with the output end of the square wave modulator (electric heater), the reference input end is connected with the reference signal source, the reference square wave is input by the reference signal source, the balance excitation driver generates two paths of voltage output with symmetrical waveforms to carry out push-pull excitation, and the voltage output is used for electrically heating a pyroelectric (detection) device;
when the two heating powers are equal, the pyroelectric device has no signal output, the input current of the compensation integrator is zero, and the output of the compensation integrator is kept unchanged, so that the electric power is automatically adjusted to be equal to the optical power.
The photoelectric automatic balance system can automatically track the size of light radiation and simultaneously generate an automatically adjustable electric power pulse to heat the surface of the pyroelectric detector, and when the surface of the detector is heated by light and the electric heat to reach thermal balance, the output of the detector is zero. That is, the photoelectric automatic balance system can automatically realize that the surface of the electric heating detector and the surface of the optical heating detector have the same effect, so that the detector reaches thermal balance.
In order to measure the radiant light power, the radiant light power can be obtained by measuring the electric power value after the surface of the photoelectric alternate heating sensitive element is balanced; a functional block diagram of a data acquisition and power calculation system based on a single chip microcomputer is shown in fig. 3, and the structure of the system comprises:
the current-voltage conversion circuit is used for collecting, amplifying and converting electric power signals;
the input end of the A/D analog-to-digital conversion circuit is connected with the output end of the current-voltage conversion circuit and is used for analog-to-digital conversion of an electric power signal;
the input end of the singlechip control circuit is connected with the output end of the A/D analog-to-digital conversion circuit and is used for power calculation and power correction: the output end of the singlechip control circuit is respectively connected with a keyboard, a display control circuit, a printing output circuit, an interface circuit and the like
And the data storage circuit is connected with the singlechip control circuit and is used for data acquisition and data storage of the power calculation system.
High-stability optical chopper
The frequency stability of the optical chopper is high so as to ensure the stability of measurement, and the optical chopper not only can modulate an optical signal and irradiate the optical signal to the pyroelectric detector, but also can provide a reference signal for the phase-locked circuit. The high-stability optical chopper uses a high-precision and high-stability motor and simultaneously ensures the balance of a chopper wheel. A high-precision synchronous motor is adopted, a singlechip frequency adjustable control circuit is adopted, and communication with a computer is realized through RS 232.
Ultraviolet enhanced pyroelectric probe
The pyroelectric probe adopts ultraviolet enhanced device, the structure is shown in figure 4, the material is PMNT relaxor ferroelectric single crystal with high pyroelectric coefficient and area of 10 x 10mm2The device has good uniformity and a flat spectral response curve, and adopts a suspended structure design.
Claims (3)
1. An ultraviolet enhanced electric calibration pyroelectric radiometer is characterized by comprising a main measuring circuit part, a high-stability optical chopper and an ultraviolet enhanced pyroelectric probe; wherein,
the main measuring circuit part consists of a photoelectric automatic balancing system and a data acquisition and power calculation system:
the photoelectric automatic balancing system comprises:
the input end of the preamplifier is connected with the pyroelectric probe and is used for amplifying the power difference electric signal;
the input end of the frequency-selective amplifier is connected with the output end of the preamplifier and is used for amplifying the fundamental frequency signal output by the preamplifier and filtering noise;
the input end of the synchronous rectifier is connected with the output end of the frequency-selective amplifier and is used for synchronously rectifying the signal output by the frequency-selective amplifier;
the input end of the compensation integrator is connected with the output end of the synchronous rectifier and is used for performing compensation integration on the signal output by the synchronous rectifier;
the input end of the square wave modulator is connected with the output end of the compensation integrator and is used for converting the direct current signal output by the compensation integrator into an electric heating signal with alternating polarity;
the input end of the balance driver is connected with the output end of the square wave modulator, the reference input end is connected with the reference signal source, the reference square wave is input by the reference signal source, the balance driver generates two paths of voltage output with symmetrical waveforms to carry out push-pull excitation, and the pyroelectric probe is electrically heated; the photoelectric automatic balance system has the functions of completing the conversion of input optical signals and the conditioning of electric signals and realizing the control of the system on signal conversion;
the data acquisition and power calculation system includes:
the current-voltage conversion circuit is used for collecting, amplifying and converting electric power signals;
the input end of the A/D analog-to-digital conversion circuit is connected with the output end of the current-voltage conversion circuit and is used for analog-to-digital conversion of an electric power signal;
the input end of the singlechip control circuit is connected with the output end of the A/D analog-to-digital conversion circuit and is used for power calculation and power correction: the output end of the singlechip control circuit is respectively connected with the keyboard, the display control circuit, the printing output circuit and the interface circuit;
the data storage circuit is connected with the singlechip control circuit and is used for data acquisition and data storage of the power calculation system;
the high-stability optical chopper adopts a synchronous motor with high precision and high stability; the pyroelectric detector can not only be irradiated with modulated optical signals, but also provide reference signals for the phase-locked circuit;
during measurement, the photoelectric automatic balance system adjusts the electric heating power of the pyroelectric detector to be equal to the optical heating power of the detector, the data acquisition and power calculation system measures the electric heating power value, and finally the electric power value is digitally processed, stored and displayed.
2. The electrically calibrated pyroelectric radiometer of claim 1, wherein an auto-zero lock-in detection system is provided in the electrically calibrated pyroelectric radiometer, with a 50% duty cycle and a narrow band preamplifier, and using only electrical and optical heating for fundamental frequency component matching; the incident radiation and the heating electric power are modulated into a square wave of 14Hz, the frequency of the square wave is the same, the phase difference is 180 degrees, the elements are alternately heated, and the magnitude of signals output by the elements is in direct proportion to the power difference between optical heating and electric heating.
3. The ultraviolet-enhanced electrically-calibrated pyroelectric radiometer of claim 1, wherein the ultraviolet-enhanced pyroelectric probe is of a suspended structure and is made of PMNT relaxor ferroelectric single crystal.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| US7724170B2 (en) * | 2007-12-02 | 2010-05-25 | The Chinese University Of Hong Kong | Sensor interface devices and amplifiers |
| CN101655390B (en) * | 2009-09-07 | 2011-07-20 | 中国兵器工业第二〇五研究所 | Laser absolute radiation transfer standard device |
| CN102435320B (en) * | 2011-10-13 | 2013-06-26 | 上海理工大学 | Digital automatic frequency locking photoelectric equivalent balance system of electrical calibration heat radiometer |
| CN103376156A (en) * | 2012-04-20 | 2013-10-30 | 肖晓飞 | Optical power collection system with software |
| CN104198037B (en) * | 2014-09-10 | 2016-03-23 | 上海理工大学 | Digital balance drive device |
| CN104198036A (en) * | 2014-09-10 | 2014-12-10 | 上海理工大学 | Power measuring circuit |
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| CN85200370U (en) * | 1985-04-01 | 1985-09-10 | 中国科学院电子学研究所 | Laser powermeter responded to all wavelengths |
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| CN2071334U (en) * | 1989-12-06 | 1991-02-13 | 中国科学院物理研究所 | Lead zirconium titanate heat discharge laser power meter |
| US5281818A (en) * | 1990-06-11 | 1994-01-25 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Pyro-electric type infrared detector |
| JPH0894435A (en) * | 1994-09-22 | 1996-04-12 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | Ultraviolet radiation detector |
| CN2876738Y (en) * | 2006-03-23 | 2007-03-07 | 上海理工大学 | Electrical calibrator for UV radiation testing |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN85200370U (en) * | 1985-04-01 | 1985-09-10 | 中国科学院电子学研究所 | Laser powermeter responded to all wavelengths |
| CN2047010U (en) * | 1989-03-20 | 1989-11-01 | 中国科学院物理研究所 | Dk type laser dynamometer |
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| CN2876738Y (en) * | 2006-03-23 | 2007-03-07 | 上海理工大学 | Electrical calibrator for UV radiation testing |
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