CN100465349C - Aluminium electrolysis cathode with titanium diboride coating and preparation process thereof - Google Patents
Aluminium electrolysis cathode with titanium diboride coating and preparation process thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN100465349C CN100465349C CNB2005101308824A CN200510130882A CN100465349C CN 100465349 C CN100465349 C CN 100465349C CN B2005101308824 A CNB2005101308824 A CN B2005101308824A CN 200510130882 A CN200510130882 A CN 200510130882A CN 100465349 C CN100465349 C CN 100465349C
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Abstract
The invention discloses a coating TiB2-C composite coating element and method on industrial aluminum cell cathode block, wherein the coating is composed of 35-65% TiB2, 20-50% carbon powder and 15-30% organic resin adhesive in mass percent. The method comprises the following steps: making paste by the action of TiB2 and carbon powder with the organic resin adhesive binding agent; coating paste on the bottom of electrolyser cathode block; using the high temperature of the environment of electrolysis hall for making paste self-curing; coming up to the requirement of curing intensity; shoving and starting electrolyser; proceeding another step of curing and charring of composite coating; making organic resin adhesive of coating to volatilize and char; sticking coating strongly on cathode block; getting cathode coating in producing electrolyser. The composite coating reduces the potential drop at the bottom of electrolyser, which saves energy and improves production.
Description
One. technical field: the present invention relates to a kind of aluminium electrolysis cathode coating and preparation method thereof, mainly being that development is a kind of applies layer of material on the aluminum electrolytic cell bottom cathode block, can be moistening mutually in this coating use with the aluminium liquid phase, stop long-time sedimentation of aluminum oxide and aluminium carbide to generate, aluminium liquid and bottom of electrolytic tank wettability are good, prolong bath life; Also can reduce simultaneously the fluctuation of aluminium liquid, improve current efficiency, belong to the Application Areas of aluminium electrolytic industry.
Two. background technology: the aluminum current electrolytic industry still adopts traditional Hall-Ai Lufa, employing be sodium aluminum fluoride-alumina molten salt electrolysis, wherein aluminum oxide is the aluminium metallurgy material, sodium aluminum fluoride is the flux of aluminum oxide.The main equipment of aluminium metallurgy is an electrolyzer, uses carbon cathode, carbon anode and SiC-Si in the groove of modern large scale electrolytic cell usually
3N
4The insulative sidewall material, in the past carbonaceous side-wall material of using more.Every electrolyzer can have an anode or a plurality of anode, but has only a negative electrode.Direct current imports in the electrolyzer from anode, through electrolyte layer, derives from negative electrode.On anode and electrolyte interface electrochemical reaction taking place, produces CO
2And CO, on negative electrode and electrolyte interface, producing aluminium liquid, this aluminium liquid collects in bottom of electrolytic tank.
Along with the material engineering Progress in technique, caused the new design of people to the aluminium cell design, be intended to improve constantly current capacity, prolong electrolyzer work-ing life, reduce cost.Thereby many new achievements in research have appearred, such as inert anode, inert cathode, bipolar electrode and insulative sidewall, all have huge realistic meaning.With regard to cathode material, the cathode block of used for aluminium electrolysis adopts the hard coal aggregate of rotary kiln or coal gas calcination traditionally, but most of in recent years producers begin to produce electric calcined anthracite carbon piece, and the carbon piece made from the graphite of carbon fusion, or graphitized carbon piece, or part graphitized carbon piece.Be normal carbon block negative electrode, graphite cathode, different ratios graphitization cathode, full graphitization cathode, or on these class cathode blocks, be coated with last layer TiB2 compound coating, to reach the effect that prolongs bath life, improves current density.Adopt inert cathode material, aluminum ion is discharge generation aluminium on the TiB2 inert cathode directly.
The shortcoming that existing carbon cathode material and existing method thereof prepare the coating existence is:
1) aluminium liquid and cathode block Long contact time are easy to form aluminium carbide on negative electrode, make negative electrode impaired, shorten cathode life;
2) the ionogen precipitation can be stranded in bottom of electrolytic tank for a long time, increases cathode drop;
3) the aluminium height of liquid layer is bigger in the electrolyzer, and the aluminium fluid wave is moving big, increases the secondary dissolving of aluminium;
4) present coating making mainly is to use thermosetting resin, needs heating just can be cured, and extra heating installation makes construction process numerous and diverse, and expense is higher;
5) existing coating has been used mineral binder bond etherophosphoric acid or sulfuric acid acetate etc. in making, and can introduce some impurity.
Three. summary of the invention:
1, goal of the invention: the invention provides a kind of aluminium electrolysis cathode that has titanium diboride coating and preparation method thereof, its objective is and solve in the aluminium electrolytic industry aluminium liquid and cathode block Long contact time in the electrolyzer, be easy on negative electrode, form aluminium carbide, make negative electrode impaired, shorten cathode life; It mainly is to use thermosetting resin that present cathode is made, and needs heating just can be cured, and extra heating installation makes construction process numerous and diverse, and the problem of expense more high aspect existence.
2, technical scheme: the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
A kind of aluminium electrolysis cathode that has titanium diboride coating is characterized in that: be on the aluminium electrolysis cathode surface
Be coated with titanium diboride coating, this coating mainly is made up of each composition of following mass percent:
TiB
2 35～65％
Carbon dust 20～50%
Organic resin glue 15～30%
Above-mentioned TiB2 and carbon dust under the cohesive action of organic resin glue, are adopted the directly cathode of coating making aluminium cell.
Carbon dust is made up of the composition of following mass percent:
Graphite Powder 99 40～88%
Forge back petroleum coke powder 12～60%.
Organic resin glue mainly is made up of each composition of following mass percent:
Solidifying agent: 10～35%
Binding agent: 30～55%
Thinner: 15～35%.
Solidifying agent is selected polyamide resin for use; Binding agent is selected Resins, epoxy for use; Thinner is that 50～95% furfuryl alcohol and 5～50% dehydrated alcohol constitute by mass percent mainly.
Organic resin glue is become to be grouped into by each of following mass percent:
Solidifying agent 10～25%
Binding agent 1 20～40%
Binding agent 2 10～30%
Thinner 10～35%.
Solidifying agent is selected polyamide resin for use; Binding agent 1 is selected Resins, epoxy for use; Binding agent 2 is selected resol for use; Thinner is selected furfuryl alcohol for use.
A kind of preparation method who has the aluminium electrolysis cathode of titanium diboride coating is characterized in that: the preparation of this coating is carried out as follows:
A, the described prescription of claim 1 are got raw material;
B, with TiB
2Render in the stirrer with carbon dust, add obtaining solid phase t iB after the toughening material carbon fiber mixes evenly
2-C powder;
C, the Resins, epoxy with in the organic resin glue, resol and thinner are rendered to the TiB that mixes
2In-C the composite powder, stirred 15～30 minutes, after mixing and stirring, the polyamide resin of organic resin glue is poured in the compound as solidifying agent, stirred in stirrer 15～40 minutes, evenly the back forms the pasty state material;
D, the pasty state material that mixes is spread upon on the negative electrode;
E, the pasty state material of step c gained is applied in bottom of electrolytic tank, smear finish after, spontaneous curing, shove charge starts electrolyzer after 12～24 hours;
F, the unloading phase of calcination, make the coating charing.
TiB
2Granularity be 5-78 μ m, the particle diameter of carbon dust is 5 μ m～246 μ m.
Among the step c that the cathode surface cleaning is clean, smear the pasty state material again after with air compressor fine dusts being blown down again.
3, advantage and effect: by the enforcement of technical solution of the present invention, can solve in the aluminium electrolytic industry aluminium liquid and cathode block Long contact time in the electrolyzer well, be easy on negative electrode, form aluminium carbide, make negative electrode impaired, shorten cathode life; It mainly is to use thermosetting resin that present cathode is made, and needs heating just can be cured, and extra heating installation makes construction process numerous and diverse, and the problem of expense more high aspect existence.
The present invention not only can address the above problem, and also has following advantage:
1) compare with tradition, this coating is easy to make, does not need extra heating installation, uses organic curing agent, and impurity is not introduced in charing fully;
2) TiB
2Coating can be resisted aluminium liquid and electrolytical corrosion;
3) because aluminium liquid can be well moistening with titanium boride, and aluminium liquid can squeeze out the precipitation of alumina of bottom of electrolytic tank, reduces its residence time at bottom land, promotes it to get back in the ionogen and dissolves, reach the purpose that reduces the bottom of electrolytic tank volts lost;
4) use drainage type electrolytic cell, make the attenuation of aluminium liquid layer, so just can alleviate the various interference that magnetic fluid stirs in the production operation, the fluctuation due to aluminium liquid springs up weakens, thereby can improve current efficiency;
5) use the flow guiding type cathode electrolytic cell, make the attenuation of aluminium liquid layer, the distance between the anode and cathode can further shorten to 2～3cm by 4～5cm, saves huge electric energy;
6) cooperate inert anode to use and significantly to reduce bath voltage, realize energy-saving effect.
Four. embodiment:
The invention provides a kind of composite coating material, this material is made up of five parts, is respectively: the TiB2 powder TiB that certain particle size distributes
2The carbon dust that powder, certain particle size distribute, the furfuryl alcohol and the dehydrated alcohol that constitute Resin adhesive are solvent, promptly thinner, Resins, epoxy and resol as binding agent and polyamide resin as solidifying agent.After solid phase material TiB2 and carbon dust mix, in stirrer, stir, obtain the coating thickener with the liquid phase material for preparing.Meanwhile, dust on the cathode carbon block of electrolytic bath is cleaned out, then applying coating thickener on the cathode block of electrolyzer with air compressor.According to the temperature height of production scene, adjust the composition of Resin adhesive, control its corresponding curing speed.
Wherein coated material is made up of each composition of following quality percentage composition:
TiB
2 35～65％
Carbon dust 20～50%
Organic resin glue 15～30%;
Wherein organic resin glue is made up of each composition of following quality percentage composition:
Solidifying agent 10～35%
Binding agent 30～55%
Thinner 15～35%;
Above-mentioned solidifying agent is selected polyamide resin for use; Binding agent is selected Resins, epoxy for use; Thinner is that 50～95% furfuryl alcohol and 5～50% dehydrated alcohol constitute by mass percent.
Organic resin glue can also be grouped into by each one-tenth of following mass percent:
Solidifying agent 10～25%
Binding agent 1 20～40%
Binding agent 2 10～30%
Thinner 10～35%;
Above-mentioned solidifying agent is selected polyamide resin for use; Binding agent 1 is selected Resins, epoxy for use; Binding agent 2 is selected resol for use; Thinner is selected furfuryl alcohol for use.
The preparation method of the negative electrode of coating of the present invention mainly by batch mixing, stir, smear, curing, five steps of charing finishes, and is specific as follows:
A. the cathode surface cleaning is clean, with air compressor fine dusts is blown down again;
B. take by weighing the TiB of 5-78 μ m by above-mentioned prescription metering
2, the carbon dust of 5 μ m～246 μ m, and add a certain amount of toughening material carbon fiber, it is even to render to stirrer for mixing.According to the cathode block specification of different content of graphite, select the content of graphite that adapts for use and forge the back refinery coke to constitute;
C. by above-mentioned prescription metering extracting epoxy resin, resol and furfuryl alcohol, ethanol, render to the TiB that mixes
2In-C the composite powder, stirred 15～30 minutes, after mixing and stirring, the polyamide resin of measuring metering is poured in the compound as solidifying agent, stirs in stirrer 15～40 minutes, evenly.According to different field conditions and specific requirement, adopt the polyamide resin solidifying agent of Resins, epoxy, phenolic resin adhesive and the different model of different model;
D. the thickener barreled that mixes is smeared on negative electrode with bricklayer's cutter;
E. smear finish after, solidify voluntarily under the natural condition, can shove charge start electrolyzer after 12～24 hours;
F. the carbonation stage of coating carries out the unloading phase of calcination;
Embodiment 1:
Actual requirement according to factory applies TiB on 30% graphitization cathode
2Coating requires shove charge startup after 24 hours.Used coating formula is as follows, and wherein the consumption of each composition is mass percent:
(1) TiB2 TiB
2Powder 42%, mean particle size are 5 μ m～10 μ m;
(2) carbon dust C 33%
1) Graphite Powder 99 16%
The Graphite Powder 99 mean particle size is that the mass percent of 5～78 μ m accounts for 30%, and mean particle size is that the mass percent of 78～246 μ m accounts for 70%;
2) forge back petroleum coke powder true 17%;
Forging back petroleum coke powder mean particle size is that the mass percent of 5～78 μ m accounts for 30%, and mean particle size is that the mass percent of 78～246 μ m accounts for 70%;
(3) thinner 12%
1) furfuryl alcohol 9%
2) dehydrated alcohol 2%
Also can add a spot of acetone 1%
(4) binding agent 8%
1) Resins, epoxy 601 7%
2) resol 1%
(5) solidifying agent 5%
Polyamide resin 213 5%
Earlier (1) and (2) is mixed and obtain solid-phase powder material, (3) and (4) are mixed obtain the liquid phase solution again; Afterwards solid phase and liquid phase are put in the stirrer and stirred, mixed 15～30 minutes, solidifying agent (5) is poured in the compound after evenly,, obtain uniform thickener, thickener is coated to cathode surface through 15～40 minutes stirring.
The cathode surface temperature of smearing after finishing is about 40～50 ℃ in the whole series of cell room, behind 12～24 hours curing reaction, coatingsurface is firm, can the shove charge roasting and starting, and solidified the back shove charge through 24 hours in the reality and start, start operation through 48 hours calcinations, charing gradually through using its operation conditions good, reduces bath voltage 15～35mV, improve current efficiency 0.5%, accomplish the end in view.
Embodiment 2:
Actual requirement according to factory applies TiB on 30% graphitization cathode
2Coating requires shove charge startup after 24 hours.Used coating formula is as follows, and wherein the consumption of each composition is mass percent:
(1) TiB2 TiB
2Powder 37%, mean particle size are 5 μ m～10 μ m;
(2) carbon dust C 48%
1) Graphite Powder 99 22%
The Graphite Powder 99 mean particle size is that the mass percent of 5～78 μ m accounts for 30%, and mean particle size is that the mass percent of 78～246 μ m accounts for 70%;
2) forge back petroleum coke powder 26%;
Forging back petroleum coke powder mean particle size is that the mass percent of 5～78 μ m accounts for 30%, and mean particle size is that the mass percent of 78～246 μ m accounts for 70%;
(3) thinner 9%
1) furfuryl alcohol 7%
2) dehydrated alcohol 2%
(4) binding agent 4%
Resins, epoxy 4%
(5) solidifying agent 2%
Polyamide resin 2%
Earlier (1) and (2) is mixed and obtain solid-phase powder material, (3) and (4) are mixed obtain the liquid phase solution again; Afterwards solid phase and liquid phase are put in the stirrer and stirred, mixed 15～30 minutes, solidifying agent (5) is poured in the compound after evenly,, obtain uniform thickener, thickener is coated to cathode surface through 15～40 minutes stirring.
The cathode surface temperature of smearing after finishing is about 40～50 ℃ in the whole series of cell room, behind 12～24 hours curing reaction, coatingsurface is firm, can the shove charge roasting and starting, and solidified the back shove charge through 24 hours in the reality and start, start operation through 48 hours calcinations, charing gradually through using its operation conditions good, reduces bath voltage 15～35mV, improve current efficiency 0.5%, accomplish the end in view.
Embodiment 3:
Actual requirement according to factory applies TiB on 30% graphitization cathode
2Coating requires shove charge startup after 24 hours.Used coating formula is as follows, and wherein the consumption of each composition is mass percent:
(1) TiB2 TiB
2Powder 60%, mean particle size are 5 μ m～10 μ m;
(2) carbon dust C 22%
1) Graphite Powder 99 10%
The Graphite Powder 99 mean particle size is that the mass percent of 5～78 μ m accounts for 30%, and mean particle size is that the mass percent of 78～246 μ m accounts for 70%;
2) forge back petroleum coke powder 12%;
The petroleum coke powder mean particle size is that the mass percent of 5～78 μ m is 30% after forging, and mean particle size is that the mass percent of 78～246 μ m accounts for 70%;
(3) thinner 10%
1) furfuryl alcohol 9%
2) dehydrated alcohol 1%
(4) binding agent 15%
1) Resins, epoxy 601 4%
(5) binding agent 2
2) resol 1%
(6) solidifying agent 3%
Polyamide resin 213 3%
Earlier (1) and (2) is mixed and obtain solid-phase powder material, (3) and (4) are mixed obtain the liquid phase solution again; Afterwards solid phase and liquid phase are put in the stirrer and stirred, mixed 15～30 minutes, solidifying agent (5) is poured in the compound after evenly,, obtain uniform thickener, thickener is coated to cathode surface through 15～40 minutes stirring.
The cathode surface temperature of smearing after finishing is about 40～50 ℃ in the whole series of cell room, behind 12～24 hours curing reaction, coatingsurface is firm, can the shove charge roasting and starting, and solidified the back shove charge through 24 hours in the reality and start, start operation through 48 hours calcinations, charing gradually through using its operation conditions good, reduces bath voltage 15～35mV, improve current efficiency 0.5%, accomplish the end in view.
The present invention is based on the target of energy-conserving and environment-protective and Sustainable development,, a kind ofly on the industrial aluminum electrolysis bath cathode block, apply TiB succeeding in developing on the basis of lot of experiments at the characteristics of current electrolysis aluminium industry high energy consumption
2The short-cut method of-C composite coating.Making on the cathode block of electrolyzer and be covered with the coating that one deck can be moistening with liquid aluminium, is that cathode drop is low in the industrial aluminum electrolysis bath production process, and the bottom land precipitation is few, improves current efficiency; Realize energy-saving and environmental protection, the enormous benefits that the unit production capacity is high.Promote quick, efficient, the environmental protection development of China's aluminium electrolytic industry.
Claims (3)
1, a kind of preparation method who has the aluminium electrolysis cathode of titanium diboride coating, it is characterized in that: the preparation of this coating is carried out as follows:
A, get raw material by following prescription, by percentage to the quality:
TiB
2 35～65％
Carbon dust 20～50%
Organic resin glue 15～30%;
B, with TiB
2Render in the stirrer with carbon dust, add obtaining solid phase t iB after the toughening material carbon fiber mixes evenly
2-C powder;
C, the Resins, epoxy with in the organic resin glue, resol and thinner are rendered to the TiB that mixes
2In-C the composite powder, stirred 15～30 minutes, after mixing and stirring, the polyamide resin of organic resin glue is poured in the compound as solidifying agent, stirred in stirrer 15～40 minutes, evenly the back forms the pasty state material;
D, the pasty state material that mixes is spread upon on the negative electrode;
E, the pasty state material of step c gained is applied in bottom of electrolytic tank, smear finish after, spontaneous curing, shove charge starts electrolyzer after 12～24 hours;
F, the unloading phase of calcination, make the coating charing.
2, a kind of preparation method who has the aluminium electrolysis cathode of titanium diboride coating according to claim 1 is characterized in that: TiB
2Granularity be 5-78 μ m, the particle diameter of carbon dust is 5 μ m～246 μ m.
3, a kind of preparation method who has the aluminium electrolysis cathode of titanium diboride coating according to claim 1 is characterized in that: among the step c that the cathode surface cleaning is clean, smear the pasty state material again after with air compressor fine dusts being blown down again.
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| RU2486292C1 (en) * | 2012-02-17 | 2013-06-27 | Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "Объединенная Компания РУСАЛ Инженерно-технологический центр" | Method to create wet coating of carbon hearth in aluminium cell |
| RU2510822C1 (en) * | 2012-12-29 | 2014-04-10 | Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "Объединенная Компания РУСАЛ Инженерно-технологический центр" | Method for manufacturing combined bottom blocks |
| RU2522928C1 (en) * | 2013-04-26 | 2014-07-20 | Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Национальный минерально-сырьевой университет "Горный" | Protection of carbonic lining |
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| RU2486292C1 (en) * | 2012-02-17 | 2013-06-27 | Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "Объединенная Компания РУСАЛ Инженерно-технологический центр" | Method to create wet coating of carbon hearth in aluminium cell |
| RU2510822C1 (en) * | 2012-12-29 | 2014-04-10 | Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "Объединенная Компания РУСАЛ Инженерно-технологический центр" | Method for manufacturing combined bottom blocks |
| RU2522928C1 (en) * | 2013-04-26 | 2014-07-20 | Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Национальный минерально-сырьевой университет "Горный" | Protection of carbonic lining |
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