CN100464508C - A method for transmitting and receiving the signals with the base station antenna and base station antenna - Google Patents
A method for transmitting and receiving the signals with the base station antenna and base station antenna Download PDFInfo
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- CN100464508C CN100464508C CNB2007100792759A CN200710079275A CN100464508C CN 100464508 C CN100464508 C CN 100464508C CN B2007100792759 A CNB2007100792759 A CN B2007100792759A CN 200710079275 A CN200710079275 A CN 200710079275A CN 100464508 C CN100464508 C CN 100464508C
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Abstract
The provided BS antenna for receiving and transmitting signal comprises: an orthogonal bi-polarized array including two antenna arrays, and a single-polarized array with same direction as one former array as one path of receiving and emitting antennas respectively. Wherein, the antenna array in bi-polarized array that is orthogonal with the single-polarized one can be used as one path of receiving antenna. This invention increases antenna port isolation greatly, can replace the duplexer with three independent filters, and has well performance.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to the field of mobile communication antenna technology, and in particular, to a method for transmitting and receiving signals by using a base station antenna and a base station antenna.
Background
With the rapid development of mobile communication technology and the rapid increase of mobile communication traffic; mobile communication network coverage is continuously expanding and perfecting, and a base station antenna, which is one of the key components of a mobile communication system, is accordingly becoming more and more important as the mobile communication network is built.
In order to improve the performance of the system, the existing base station antenna generally adopts a dual-polarized antenna. The dual-polarized antenna combines two paths of antennas with mutually orthogonal polarization directions, and simultaneously works in a receiving-transmitting duplex mode, wherein one path of polarization is used for transmitting and receiving, and the other path of polarization is used for diversity reception, so that polarization diversity gain is obtained. Diversity reception is a technical measure for receiving the same information through two or more paths to mitigate the effects of fading.
In the current antenna technology, there are two main base station antennas:
first, the antenna unit is a vibrator type base station antenna. As shown in fig. 1, the antenna consists of an array of two-path polarized orthogonal dipole antennas providing two-path polarized channels. The polarization of the two-path array is generally 45 degrees and 135 degrees, when in use, one path of the optional two paths is used as a transmitting and receiving shared path, and the other path is used as a diversity receiving path. Because the antenna arrays corresponding to the two channels are polarized in an orthogonal manner, when the antenna arrays are used for receiving signals at the same time, the correlation coefficient of the signals received by the two channels is low, polarization diversity gain can be obtained, and the system performance is improved. In addition, in order to ensure the balance of currents on two elements of the dipole antenna and to increase the bandwidth of the antenna, a balance stub is generally added to the element antenna for preventing the antenna directional pattern from generating distortion and expanding the bandwidth, and the height of the added balance stub is generally one quarter of the free space wavelength.
And secondly, the antenna unit is a patch type base station antenna. As shown in fig. 2, the antenna unit respectively feeds power through the feeding points on the two diagonal lines of the square patches to form two orthogonal polarization modes, and then the two square patches are arrayed on the vertical plane to form two orthogonal polarization arrays to realize two signal channels, wherein the two polarizations are 45 ° and 135 °. When in use, one of the two optional paths is used as a transmitting and receiving shared path, and the other path is used as a diversity receiving path. Similarly, because the antenna arrays corresponding to the two paths of channels are polarized orthogonally, when the antenna arrays are used for receiving signals at the same time, the correlation coefficient of the signals received by the two paths of channels is low, polarization diversity gain can be obtained, and the system performance is improved.
However, both of the above base station antennas have the following disadvantages: on one hand, as the receiving and transmitting channels share one antenna port, the antenna can not bring isolation between the receiving and transmitting channels, in order to meet the requirement of the system on the isolation of the receiving and transmitting channels, a higher isolation requirement is provided for a duplexer connected behind the antenna port, and the requirement can cause the size of the duplexer to be larger, and the difficulty of miniaturization of a radio frequency subsystem is increased, wherein the duplexer is used for enabling two frequency bands with a certain interval to obtain larger isolation when the receiving and transmitting channels share; on the other hand, since the transmit-receive channels share one antenna array, the antenna needs to satisfy good performance in both the receive band and the transmit band, i.e., a wide antenna bandwidth is required. Therefore, there is no base station antenna in the prior art that can have high antenna performance.
Disclosure of Invention
It is therefore a first object of the embodiments of the present invention to provide a method for transceiving signals by using a base station antenna, so as to improve the performance of the base station antenna.
A second object of the embodiments of the present invention is to provide a base station antenna, so as to improve the performance of the base station antenna.
In order to achieve the first object, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for transceiving signals using a base station antenna, where the method includes: in a base station antenna, taking an antenna array which is orthogonal to the polarization of a single-polarization array in a dual-polarization array with orthogonal polarization as a path of receiving antenna, taking any one of another antenna array of the dual-polarization array and the antenna array of the single-polarization array as another path of receiving antenna, and taking the rest antenna array as a transmitting antenna; and sending signals by using the transmitting antenna, and receiving signals by using the receiving antenna and the other receiving antenna.
In order to achieve the second object, an embodiment of the present invention provides a base station antenna, including: the antenna array comprises a dual-polarized array and a single-polarized array, wherein the dual-polarized array is composed of two antenna arrays and is orthogonal in polarization, and the single-polarized array is composed of an antenna array which is the same as one antenna array in the dual-polarized array in polarization direction; wherein,
one antenna array orthogonal to the single-polarized array in the dual-polarized array is used as a path of receiving antenna, any one of the other antenna array of the dual-polarized array and the antenna array of the single-polarized array is used as another path of receiving antenna, and the rest antenna array is used as a transmitting antenna.
According to the technical scheme, the receiving and transmitting antennas respectively use the respective antenna ports, and compared with the prior art that the receiving and transmitting antennas commonly use one antenna port, the isolation between the receiving and transmitting antenna ports is greatly improved, and the isolation of a receiving and transmitting channel can be greatly improved; because the receiving and transmitting antennas respectively use respective antenna ports, a duplexer connected behind the antenna ports is not needed, three independent filters can be used instead, and convenience is provided for the miniaturization of the base station radio frequency subsystem; in addition, the receiving and transmitting antenna only needs to meet the frequency band of the receiving and transmitting antenna, and the bandwidth requirement of the antenna is effectively reduced. Therefore, the base station antenna has higher antenna performance.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a base station antenna with a vibrator as an antenna unit in the prior art;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a base station antenna in which an antenna unit is a patch type in the prior art;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a base station antenna composed of oscillator-type antenna units according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic composition diagram of a dual-polarized resonator-type antenna unit according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a base station antenna composed of patch-type units according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a base station antenna with hybrid antenna units according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the above objects, technical solutions and advantages more apparent, the present invention is described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments.
The method of the embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps: in a base station antenna, one antenna array which is orthogonal to the polarization of a single-polarization array in a dual-polarization array with orthogonal polarization is used as a path of receiving antenna, and the other antenna array of the dual-polarization array and the antenna array of the single-polarization array are respectively used as another path of receiving antenna and another path of transmitting antenna, or are respectively used as a transmitting antenna and another path of receiving antenna; and sending signals by using the transmitting antenna, and receiving signals by using the receiving antenna and the other receiving antenna.
The antenna array used in the method has two paths as receiving antennas, wherein one path can be used as a main receiving antenna, and the other path can be used as a diversity receiving antenna.
The three antenna arrays have two polarization directions which can be 45 degrees and 135 degrees respectively; but may also be in the vertical and horizontal directions, respectively.
The dual-polarized array and the single-polarized array can be respectively composed of dual-polarized antenna units and single-polarized antenna units. The dual-polarized antenna unit and the single-polarized antenna unit may be a vibrator-type antenna unit, or may be other types of antenna units such as a patch-type antenna unit, or may be various combinations of these types of antenna units.
The antenna arrays in the base station antenna can form an array in the vertical direction, and a certain interval is required between the dual-polarized array and the single-polarized array in the horizontal direction; the array can also be formed in the horizontal direction, and the dual-polarized array and the single-polarized array have a certain interval in the vertical direction. The spacing may be on the order of one wavelength, and may be adjusted according to the isolation between the transmit and receive antenna ports required by the antenna system.
The following describes the base station antenna provided in the embodiment of the present invention in detail. The base station antenna includes: the antenna array comprises a dual-polarized array and a single-polarized array, wherein the dual-polarized array is composed of two antenna arrays and is orthogonal in polarization, and the single-polarized array is composed of an antenna array which is the same as one antenna array in the dual-polarized array in polarization direction; one antenna array orthogonal to the single polarization array in the dual-polarization array is used as a path of receiving antenna, and the other antenna array of the dual-polarization array and the antenna array of the single polarization array are respectively used as the other path of receiving antenna and the other path of transmitting antenna, or are respectively used as the transmitting antenna and the other path of receiving antenna.
Two paths of antenna arrays in the base station antennas are used as receiving antennas, wherein one path of antenna arrays can be used as a main receiving antenna, and the other path of antenna arrays can be used as a diversity receiving antenna.
The three antenna arrays have two polarization directions which can be 45 degrees and 135 degrees respectively; but may also be in the vertical and horizontal directions, respectively.
The dual-polarized array and the single-polarized array can be respectively composed of dual-polarized antenna units and single-polarized antenna units. The dual-polarized antenna unit and the single-polarized antenna unit may be a vibrator-type antenna unit, or may be other types of antenna units such as a patch-type antenna unit, or may be various combinations of these types of antenna units.
The dual polarized antenna elements and the single polarized antenna elements may be disposed on a metal reflector plate. The metal reflecting plate is mainly used for keeping the directionality of an antenna directional pattern, so that signals can be transmitted directionally.
The following description will be made taking a vibrator-type antenna element as an example. As shown in fig. 3, fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a base station antenna composed of oscillator-type antenna units. The base station antenna adopts vibrator type antenna units, and comprises dual-polarized vibrator type antenna units and single-polarized vibrator type antenna units. The polarization of the dual-polarized vibrator type antenna element is 45 ° and 135 °, respectively. The polarization of the monopole-type antenna element may be 45 ° or 135 °.
The two oscillator type antenna units are arranged on the metal reflecting plate, form an array in the vertical direction, and are arranged side by side at intervals in the horizontal direction, and the interval distance is about one wavelength.
Assuming that the polarization of the single-polarization oscillator antenna unit is 45 °, at this time, the antenna array polarized at 135 ° may be used as the first path of receiving antenna; the other two paths of arrays are 45-degree polarized antenna arrays, one path of antenna array with the polarization direction of 45 degrees in the antenna array consisting of the dual-polarized vibrator type antenna units can be used as a transmitting antenna, and the antenna array consisting of the single-polarized vibrator type antenna units can be used as the other path of receiving antenna. The first receiving antenna may be a main receiving antenna, and the other receiving antenna may be a diversity receiving antenna.
The dual polarization vibrator type antenna element assembly may be as shown in fig. 4. The method comprises the following steps: antenna element, additional balance branch section and metal reflection box body.
And the antenna element is arranged at one end of the additional balanced branch section and is used for receiving and/or transmitting signal waves.
One end of the additional balance branch section is connected with the antenna oscillator, and the other end of the additional balance branch section is arranged on the metal reflection box body, so that currents of two arms of the antenna oscillator are equal, and the additional balance branch section is used for preventing the directional diagram from generating distortion and expanding the bandwidth. Additional balancing branches may also not be provided.
And the metal reflection box body is connected with the balance branch knot and is used for controlling the transmitting and receiving directions of the signals. The metal reflection box body can also be not arranged, and the outer end face of the bottom surface of the additional balance support section is connected with the metal reflection plate. When no balance support is arranged, the inner end face of the bottom surface of the metal reflection box body is connected with the antenna oscillator.
And when the metal reflection box body is not arranged, the additional balance support section is connected with the metal reflection plate.
The composition of the single-polarization oscillator type antenna unit is the same as that of the dual-polarization oscillator type antenna unit, but the dual-polarization antenna oscillator type antenna unit comprises two dipole antennas with orthogonal polarization, and the single-polarization oscillator type antenna unit comprises one dipole antenna.
For the vibrator type antenna, the bandwidth of the main receiving antenna and the diversity receiving antenna only needs to satisfy the receiving frequency band, and the bandwidth of the transmitting antenna only needs to satisfy the transmitting frequency band. This improves the performance of the base station antenna and reduces the requirements on the antenna bandwidth.
The following description will be made taking a patch type antenna element as an example, and as shown in fig. 5, the base station antenna is composed of a dual-polarized patch type antenna element and a single-polarized patch type antenna element. The polarization of the patch type cell is vertical and horizontal. Polarization of 45 ° and 135 ° is also possible.
In this embodiment, the port 1 may be used as a port of a first path receiving antenna array, any one of the ports 2 and 3 may be used as a port of a transmitting antenna array, and the remaining one may be used as a port of another receiving antenna array. The first receiving antenna may be a main receiving antenna, and the other receiving antenna may be a diversity receiving antenna.
The dual-polarized patch antenna unit and the single-polarized patch antenna unit mainly comprise patches and metal reflection boxes.
The patch is arranged on the metal reflection box body and used for receiving and/or transmitting signal waves.
The patch is generally not connected to the metal reflective box but to the metal reflective box by interposing an insulator, such as: insulators can be arranged at four corners of the patch and connected with the metal reflection box body, and the insulators can be plastic, nylon or the like; or the center of the patch is provided with a metal column connected with the metal reflection box body.
And the metal reflection box body is used for controlling the transmitting and receiving directions of the signals. The metal reflective box may not be provided.
In addition, the base station antenna may be a combination of various types of antenna elements. As shown in fig. 6, the antenna elements of the dual-polarized antenna array of the base station antenna are patch type, and the elements of the single-polarized antenna array are vibrator type, and one antenna array orthogonal to the antenna array formed by the single-polarized patch antenna elements in the two antenna arrays formed by the dual-polarized patch antenna elements can be used as a receiving antenna; the other antenna array formed by the dual-polarized patch type antenna units is used as a transmitting antenna, and the antenna array formed by the single-polarized patch type antenna units is used as the other receiving antenna.
As can be seen from the above description, in the base station antenna provided in the embodiment of the present invention, the transceiver antennas respectively use their respective antenna ports, and compared with the prior art in which the transceiver antennas commonly use one antenna port, the isolation between the transceiver antenna ports is greatly improved; because the receiving and transmitting antennas respectively use respective antenna ports, a duplexer connected to the rear of the antenna ports is not needed, three independent filters can be used instead, and convenience is provided for miniaturization of a base station radio frequency subsystem; in addition, the receiving and transmitting antenna only needs to meet the frequency band of the receiving and transmitting antenna, and the bandwidth requirement of the antenna is effectively reduced. Therefore, the base station antenna has higher antenna performance.
Furthermore, when the scattering of the propagation environment where the base station antenna is located is rich, the base station antenna receiving diversity provided by the embodiment of the invention can obtain not only polarization diversity gain but also space diversity gain; and the base station antenna has simple structure and is easy to realize.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (11)
1. A method for transceiving signals using a base station antenna, the method comprising: in a base station antenna, taking an antenna array which is orthogonal to the polarization of a single-polarization array in a dual-polarization array with orthogonal polarization as a path of receiving antenna, taking any one of another antenna array of the dual-polarization array and the antenna array of the single-polarization array as another path of receiving antenna, and taking the rest antenna array as a transmitting antenna; and sending signals by using the transmitting antenna, and receiving signals by using the receiving antenna and the other receiving antenna.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein any one of the one receiving antenna and the other receiving antenna is used as a main receiving antenna, and the other receiving antenna is used as a diversity receiving antenna.
3. A base station antenna, comprising: the antenna array comprises a dual-polarized array and a single-polarized array, wherein the dual-polarized array is composed of two antenna arrays and is orthogonal in polarization, and the single-polarized array is composed of an antenna array which is the same as one antenna array in the dual-polarized array in polarization direction; wherein,
one antenna array orthogonal to the single-polarized array in the dual-polarized array is used as a path of receiving antenna, any one of the other antenna array of the dual-polarized array and the antenna array of the single-polarized array is used as another path of receiving antenna, and the rest antenna array is used as a transmitting antenna.
4. The base station antenna according to claim 3, wherein the polarization directions of the two antenna arrays constituting the dual-polarized array are 45 ° and 135 ° directions, or a vertical direction and a horizontal direction, respectively.
5. A base station antenna according to claim 3, characterized in that the separation between the dual polarized array and the single polarized array is one signal wavelength or set according to the isolation between the receiving and transmitting antennas.
6. A base station antenna according to claim 3, characterized in that said dual polarized array is composed of dual polarized antenna elements; the single-polarized array is composed of single-polarized antenna units.
7. The base station antenna according to claim 6, further comprising a metal reflector;
the dual-polarized antenna unit and the single-polarized antenna unit are positioned on the metal reflecting plate.
8. The base station antenna according to claim 7, wherein the dual polarized antenna elements are vibrator type antenna elements or patch type antenna elements;
the single-polarized antenna unit is a vibrator type antenna unit or a patch type antenna unit.
9. The base station antenna according to claim 8, wherein the vibrator-type antenna element includes an antenna element; the patch type antenna unit comprises a patch;
the antenna element and the patch are used for receiving and/or transmitting signal waves.
10. The base station antenna of claim 9, wherein the vibrator-type antenna unit further comprises: the balance branch knot and the metal reflection box body; wherein,
one end of the balance branch section is connected with the antenna oscillator, and the other end of the balance branch section is connected with the metal reflection box body, so that currents of two arms of the antenna oscillator are equal; the outer end face of the bottom surface of the metal reflection box body of the oscillator type antenna unit is connected with a metal reflection plate, and the metal reflection box body is used for controlling the transmitting and receiving directions of signals; or,
the vibrator-type antenna unit further includes: one end of the balance branch section is connected with the antenna oscillator, and the other end of the balance branch section is positioned on the metal reflecting plate, so that the currents of two arms of the antenna oscillator are equal; or,
the vibrator-type antenna unit further includes: the metal reflection box body is used for controlling the transmitting and receiving directions of signals.
11. The base station antenna of claim 9, wherein the patch antenna unit further comprises: the metal reflection box body of the patch type antenna unit is connected with the patch through an insulator between the metal reflection box body and the patch, and is used for controlling the transmitting and receiving directions of signals.
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CNB2007100792759A CN100464508C (en) | 2007-02-13 | 2007-02-13 | A method for transmitting and receiving the signals with the base station antenna and base station antenna |
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CNB2007100792759A CN100464508C (en) | 2007-02-13 | 2007-02-13 | A method for transmitting and receiving the signals with the base station antenna and base station antenna |
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CN100464508C true CN100464508C (en) | 2009-02-25 |
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