CN100462714C - Multi-sample microbial pollution fast screening method - Google Patents
Multi-sample microbial pollution fast screening method Download PDFInfo
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- CN100462714C CN100462714C CNB2005100426857A CN200510042685A CN100462714C CN 100462714 C CN100462714 C CN 100462714C CN B2005100426857 A CNB2005100426857 A CN B2005100426857A CN 200510042685 A CN200510042685 A CN 200510042685A CN 100462714 C CN100462714 C CN 100462714C
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Abstract
This invention discloses a method for quick screening multi sample microbial contamination, which utilizes ATP bioluminescence test to complete large sample test, then utilizing biochip technology making identification and classification of harmful microbial to small sample group with exceeded bacteria sum, overcoming the shortage of ATP bioluminescence test in specificity and test quantity.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to biology, medical science and public safety field, specifically is the method that realizes multi-sample microbial pollution fast screening with biological ATP (atriphos) fluorescent energy method in conjunction with modern biochip technology.
Background technology
Along with public health services such as cosmetics, food, medicine to the control of microorganism with detect and require more and more strictlyer, press for the method and the corresponding self-reacting device that propose a kind of new fast detecting, the production environment cleanliness are monitored in real time.And the microorganism detection method of national Specification remains agar plate method so far, and the main defective of this method is that (certain micro-organisms such as mycobacterium etc. then takes longer length consuming time for bacterium 24h, mould 96h.)
Remove this, detection, discriminating and typing method and method to microorganism cause of disease bacterium are a variety of in addition, biochemical identification, nucleic acid (dna marker probe, PCR etc.) technology, antibody test (ELISA enzyme joint inspection survey, immunofluorescence etc.), above-mentioned many " classics " are difficult to realize that for any method the wide spectrum to multiple pathogen detects though method has excellent specificity or susceptibility when detecting certain pathogen.The realization of above-mentioned all multi-methods simultaneously need rely on complicated instrument, and will expend long detection time, can only just can find reason after suffering microbial contamination usually, can not satisfy the fast detecting requirement at multisample scene.
The data-searching of carrying out through the applicant existing at present utilizes biological ATP energy to detect the microorganism total amount, improves but there is no at the shortcoming of ATP detection specificity difference.As Chinese patent application numbers 95225687.8, a kind of method of bacterium colony fluorescence detector is disclosed, Chinese patent application numbers 99816384.8, done the improvement on the reagent, but in the actual conditions not only requirement to determine to pollute total amount, also require to find rapidly pollution source, and determine pollutant, this must improve at the shortcoming of ATP detection specificity difference with regard to requiring.
Summary of the invention
Detect the problem that exists at existing microbial contamination, the objective of the invention is to, a kind of method of multi-sample microbial pollution fast screening is provided, be different from classic method fully to the indiscriminate similar detection of carrying out of each sample, improve detection efficiency greatly, satisfied the actual large sample microbial contamination field quick detection requirement that requires.
The present invention specifically comprises the integrated of two aspect contents:
(1) ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate, atriphos) is a kind of chemical substance that is present in all cell bodies of living, and it is the main carrier of microorganism energy.Because the existence of ATP enzyme is arranged in the cell, ATP is hydrolyzed rapidly after the cell death.Therefore the content of measuring Endogenous ATP can reflect the quantity of living cells.If polluted microorganism in the sample, behind the broken bacterium of special agents such as organic solvent, ATP just is released the amount of ATP and activity, kind and the quantity of the cell body of living present certain relation.ATP under the situation of aerobic can with the mutual enzyme of fluorescein turn into and send the biological light of certain wavelength (562nm).
That is: luciferin+ATP+O
2→ luciferin (oxidized)+AMP+CO
2+ PPi+ light (562nm);
(d-Luciferin+ATP+O
2→Oxgluciferin+AMP+CO
2+Pyrophosphate+Light)。
Light intensity and microbial numbers are certain functional relation.Reflect microbial numbers by the detection of biological light intensity, Here it is detects the ultimate principle of the viable microbial that comprises pathogen by ATP Analysis fluorescence.
(2) biochip technology is meant that probe molecule is fixed on the holder, hybridizes with the sample of mark then, in case after the reaction of the connector on fluorescence labeling sample and the microarray, will produce fluorescence signal, can detect by fluorescence detection device.Biochip is being arranged a large amount of biomaterials on unit area, thereby reaches the purpose that once experiment detects multiple disease simultaneously or analyzes multiple biological specimen.
The present invention is merged the ATP bioluminescence and is detected and biochip technology, realize the optimization of rapid screening and special detection, at first utilize the fast responsive advantage of ATP bioluminescence detection method, finish the examination of large sample, what bacteria total amount was lower than threshold value will no longer carry out specific detection; The a small amount of sample that exceeds standard for bacteria total amount utilizes biochip technology to carry out that harmful microorganism is identified and somatotype again.On the basis of the advantage that makes full use of the two, remedied deficiency and biochip the deficiency on detection flux of ATP fluorescence detection like this to the objective microbe Idiotype.
With the corresponding implement device key of the inventive method be to have utilized the two similarity in detection signal and reaction mechanism, all be to detect fluorescence, thereby can make in viable microbial self ATP fluorescence and the biochip mechanism to produce fluorescence and finish, improve detection efficiency and also reduced cost with same set of low-light pick-up unit.The different wavelength of fluorescence differences that just will detect, the wavelength of fluorescence that sends such as biological ATP is the 562nm that fixes, the wavelength of fluorescence λ that tested sample biological pollutant such as Escherichia coli, salmonella etc. discharge after treatment
iBe (as can make its respectively corresponding 530nm, 670nm etc.) different, but method or reagent are in case determine that wavelength of fluorescence has just been determined with the corresponding relation that pollutes mushroom with the processing method.Achievement of the present invention can be directly used in public health, food security, and environment measuring, the microorganism field quick detection in fields such as healthy engineering, particularly significant to the reply Emergent Public Events.
To achieve these goals, the technical solution used in the present invention is, a kind of method of multi-sample microbial pollution fast screening, key is to adopt biological ATP fluorescent energy method large sample harmful microorganism examination and modern biochip technology specific detection to combine, finish multi-sample microbial pollution fast screening with a cover fluorescence detection device, fluorescence detection device mainly comprises detection platform and the fluorescence detecting system that is arranged in the darkroom, fluoroscopic examination probe in the detection system is provided with filter wheel, which is provided with the optical filter of some different wave lengths, drive the rotating disk rotation by coupled stepper motor, can switch different wavelength, filter the fluorescence of different wave length; It is characterized in that sieve is chosen and be may further comprise the steps fast:
1) sample of gathering is added in respectively on the multi-joint biochip of the corresponding sequence number of detection platform, at first the optical filter of fluorescence detecting system is forwarded to the corresponding wavelength of fluorescence of the fluorescence position of biological ATP fluorescent energy method, utilize the quick susceptibility of biological ATP fluorescent energy method, reaction microorganism total amount in the sample is carried out biological ATP wavelength of fluorescence to be detected, as described in the invention first aspect, the power of the total amount decision fluorescence of viable microbial, the fluorescence signal that detects sample is changed into corresponding electric signal, compare according to pre-set threshold, sieve falls the sample that bacteria total amount in the sample is lower than threshold value, it is qualified that the sample that sieve falls is judged to be, need not to do specific detection, begin to carry out next pattern detection;
2) if sample in bacteria total amount after the examination of above-mentioned biological ATP wavelength of fluorescence, if find to exist the sample that exceeds standard, then make filter wheel rotate to the position of the optical filter of different wave length by drive stepping motor, sample carries out special detection to exceeding standard, all corresponding a kind of specific bacterium of each wavelength of fluorescence on the filter wheel or pathogen, whether detection exceeds standard contains other specific wavelength fluorescence in the sample, judges in the sample that exceeds standard whether contain and the corresponding bacterium of these wavelength;
3) stepper motor drive detection platform moves around, and fluorescence detecting system is finished the scanning to the different wave length fluorescence intensity of whole samples successively, can sieve fast and sort out all mushrooms that match with optical filter different wave length that exist in the sample.
Mainly comprise detection platform, position transducer in the darkroom with the corresponding pick-up unit of above-mentioned detection method, drive motor, single-chip microcomputer mainboard, the fluorescence detecting system that places keyboard outside the darkroom, display device and peripherals such as communicate by letter with PC to make up in addition.
Single-chip microcomputer adopts the MSP430 super low-power consumption microprocessor of inner integrated A/D.
Be uniform-distribution with the individual groove in 48 (8 * 6) above the said detection platform, multi-joint biochip embeds wherein, the X of platform, Y direction link to each other with a drive motor respectively, the drive signal of microprocessor output is by the driving circuit drive stepping motor, the control step motor is realized oscillating rectilinear motion, finishes the detection to the chip fluorescence intensity on all sample position successively, and platform is provided with position transducer, be used for startup self-detection, it is normal whether detection platform moves.
Above the measuring table with the fluorescence detecting system of axis normal, comprise fluoroscopic examination probe and voltage transitions two parts, the fluoroscopic examination probe maintains static, converge by the two-beam fibre and to form, wherein a branch of linking to each other with light source can be transmitted exciting light, another bundle Optical Fiber Transmission fluorescence, on to descending is respectively filter wheel, which is provided with the optical filter of some different wave lengths, can switch different wavelength by coupled stepper motor driven rotary, filter the fluorescence of different wave length, then be the APD module, certain wavelength of its window and optical filter is relative, the fluorescence that sample sends mating plate after filtration is transferred to the APD module by fluoroscopic examination probe and receives and convert to corresponding electric signal, and wherein the APD module adopts C5331, integrated temperature-compensation circuit, its volume is little, in light weight, operating voltage is low, and response speed is fast, anti-external electromagnetic interference is good, and cost performance is apparently higher than common used photomultiplier, the silicon photoelectric diode.
The APD module converts light signal to current signal, again by voltage conversion device with its voltage signal that changes amplification into, be defeated by the A/D end of microprocessor and handle.Wherein programmable amplifier adopts MAX5426 precision resistance network, and gain A v=1,2,4,8 can be according to the program control selection of reality.
The present invention has proposed the notion of the harmful pathogeny bacterium of target quick " sieve is chosen " among the viable microbial group first, and has provided concrete implementation method.The ATP bioluminescence that this method adopts detects the following characteristics that combined with biochip technology:
1. the rapidity of Jian Ceing: only needed about a minute and be not several hours even several days of picture classic method for each pattern detection time;
2. the high wide spectrum susceptibility of Jian Ceing: it can detect the micropopulation sum with very high sensitivity, and the sample that bacteria total amount is exceeded standard carries out specific pathogen bacterium somatotype again, determines pollutant rapidly, can realize detection by quantitative;
3. detection method, process are simple, are different from classic method fully to the indiscriminate equal detection of each sample, are convenient to execute-in-place.
The present invention is different from classic method does not add differentiation to sample detection fully, can be quickly and accurately multiple cause a disease or harmful microorganism, pathogen carries out qualitative or detection by quantitative, monitoring to causing biological pollution, be that control disease is popular, hospital infection and guarantee bio-safety.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is that multi-sample microbial pollution sieve of the present invention is chosen system schematic;
Fig. 2 is a system and device global design synoptic diagram;
Fig. 3 voltage conversion device;
Fig. 4 is stepper motor driven a kind of physical circuit example.
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing the present invention is described in further detail.
Embodiment
With reference to Fig. 1, the quick screening of multi-sample microbial pollution system according to the inventive method preparation, realized the screening of on-the-spot quick large sample microbial contamination, what adopt during use is multi-joint chip, be different from common multi-joint biochip, this multi-joint chip also is fixed on the connector of ATP bioluminescence on the chip microarray, can make the same chip of examination of large sample harmful microorganism and specific detection, the sample that is attached to chip can detect by fluorescence detection device, just once can finish the detection of multiple project, as ATP, Escherichia coli, shigella dysenteriae, Candida albicanss etc. can also be changed chip according to actual conditions, improve detection efficiency.Remove this, the advantage of system is especially particularly remarkable in large sample.Specifically, to the sample that collects, at first optical filter being forwarded to 562nm wavelength (ATP wavelength of fluorescence), also is the system default position, utilizes the quick susceptibility of ATP that sample microorganism total amount is detected, carrying out " sieve " looks into, sieve bacteria total amount according to pre-set threshold and be lower than threshold value, it is qualified promptly to judge, need not carry out specific detection to it again, save time, again it is identified somatotype for a small amount of sample that bacteria total amount exceeds standard.Make filter wheel rotate to next position by stepper motor, detect λ i (i=1 successively, 2,3 ..., N, N are optical filter number on the filter disc), such as 710nm (corresponding staphylococcus), if still detect fluorescence, illustrate and contain the corresponding bacterium of wavelength therewith in the sample, and then the rotating filtering dish detects to next position, by that analogy, sample is carried out multiple microorganism detection, and the optical filter on the filter disc is counted N=6 usually, and the assumes samples sum is 48, wherein there are 2 to exceed standard, one of them pollutes one, and another pollutes three, and we do a contrast:
This method is consuming time: 48 * 1+1 * 6+1 * 6=60 branch;
Biochip method: 48 * 6=288 branch;
Commonsense method: 2 hours/, 48 * 6 * 120=34560 branch;
Clearly, traditional method can not satisfy the on-the-spot requirement that detects far away, and this law is different from back two kinds of methods fully sample is not added the detection of differentiation, but takes to sieve the way of afterwards choosing earlier, if sample more greatly, the advantage of this method is more obvious.
Fig. 2 is a system and device global design synoptic diagram, mainly comprise the reaction that places in the darkroom and the microprocessor control section outside pick-up unit and the darkroom, control each several part work by single-chip microcomputer, during work, at first boot system carries out self check, the position of platform detecting sensor is imported signal into microprocessor, it is normal to determine whether platform moves, otherwise system prompt is made mistakes, ' beginning ' of pressing on the control panel detects, the drive signal of microprocessor output enters stepper motor driver Darlington transistor TIP122, control X, stepper motor on the Y both direction is realized reciprocating type straight line stepping, drives platform and moves around, and finishes the scanning to the different wave length fluorescence intensity of whole samples successively.Specifically, when sample being placed by numbering, system begins to detect, it at first is the ATP fluoroscopic examination, do not need excitation light irradiation, light source is closed, sample send fluorescence after filtration mating plate become monochromatic light, by after the A/D digitizing of the APD in the fluorescence detection device (avalanche photodide) module through being input to single-chip microcomputer after the voltage transitions again by microprocessor processes, according to preestablish threshold value, if be lower than threshold value, it is qualified directly to be judged to, carry out next sample, if be higher than threshold value, illustrate that this sample microorganism total amount exceeds standard, need carry out specific detection to it, determine pollutant, microprocessor will send instruction, drive motor makes filter disc rotate to next position, open light source simultaneously, carry out other wavelength fluorescent again and detect, by detecting to such an extent that wavelength of fluorescence is determined corresponding microorganism, and with liquid crystal display as a result, also can be defeated by computing machine by the PC serial is current, interface can adopt RS232, is processed into visual and understandable curve or icon display, go down successively, with the situation printout of each sample.
Fig. 3 is a voltage conversion device, and the APD module converts fluorescence signal intensity to corresponding current signal, again by voltage conversion device with its voltage signal that changes amplification into, be defeated by the A/D end of microprocessor and handle.Wherein programmable amplifier adopts MAX5426 precision resistance network, and gain A v=1,2,4,8 can be according to the program control selection of reality.
Fig. 4 is an instantiation of stepper motor driving circuit, has used three motors among the present invention, drives similarly substantially, and in this example, motor-driven is a Darlington transistor, and model is TIP122.
Multi-sample microbial pollution fast screening system of the present invention combines the optimization of ATP bioluminescence energy method and modern biochip technology, has satisfied on-the-spot rapidity and the specific requirement that detects of multi-sample microbial pollution.
Claims (6)
1. the method for a multi-sample microbial pollution fast screening, adopting biological atriphos is that ATP fluorescent energy method and biochip technology combine, by using multi-joint biochip, finish multi-sample microbial pollution fast screening with a cover fluorescence detection device, fluorescence detection device mainly comprises detection platform and the fluorescence detecting system that is arranged in the darkroom, also be provided with filter wheel on the fluoroscopic examination probe, which is provided with the optical filter of some different wave lengths, by coupled stepper motor driven rotary, and switch different wavelength, filter the fluorescence of different wave length; It is characterized in that sieve is chosen specifically and be may further comprise the steps fast:
1) sample of gathering is added in respectively on the multi-joint biochip of the connector that is fixed with the ATP bioluminescence of the corresponding sequence number of detection platform and probe molecule, at first the optical filter of fluorescence detecting system is forwarded to the corresponding wavelength of fluorescence of the fluorescence position of biological ATP fluorescent energy method, utilize the quick susceptibility of biological ATP fluorescent energy method, reaction microorganism total amount in the sample is carried out biological ATP wavelength of fluorescence to be detected, the power of the total amount decision fluorescence of viable microbial, the fluorescence signal that detects sample is changed into corresponding electric signal, compare according to pre-set threshold, sieve falls the sample that bacteria total amount in the sample is lower than threshold value, it is qualified that the sample that sieve falls is judged to be, need not to do specific detection, begin to carry out next pattern detection;
2) if sample in bacteria total amount after the examination of above-mentioned biological ATP wavelength of fluorescence, if also there is the sample that exceeds standard, then make filter wheel rotate to the position of the optical filter of different wave length by drive stepping motor, sample carries out special detection to exceeding standard, all corresponding a kind of specific bacterium of each wavelength of fluorescence on the filter wheel or pathogen, whether detection exceeds standard contains other specific wavelength fluorescence in the sample, judges in the sample that exceeds standard whether contain and the corresponding bacterium of these wavelength;
3) stepper motor drive detection platform moves around, and fluorescence detecting system is finished the scanning to the different wave length fluorescence intensity of whole samples successively, can sieve fast and sort out all mushrooms that match with optical filter different wave length that exist in the sample.
2. the method for claim 1, it is characterized in that, be uniform-distribution with 8 * 6 grooves above the detection platform, multi-joint biochip embeds wherein, the X of detection platform, Y direction link to each other with a stepper motor respectively, drive signal by microprocessor output is passed through the driving circuit drive stepping motor, the control step motor is realized oscillating rectilinear motion, finish detection successively to the chip fluorescence intensity on all sample position, detection platform is provided with position transducer, be used for startup self-detection, it is normal to judge whether detection platform moves.
3. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, fluorescence detecting system comprises microprocessor control section, fluoroscopic examination probe and voltage conversion device; Fluorescence detecting system is arranged on the measuring table position with axis normal, the fluoroscopic examination probe maintains static, converge by the two-beam fibre and to form, wherein a branch ofly link to each other with light source, with the transmission exciting light, another bundle Optical Fiber Transmission fluorescence, the fluorescence that sample sends mating plate after filtration is transferred to voltage conversion device by the fluoroscopic examination probe, snowslide diode (led) module and programmable amplifier are arranged in the voltage conversion device, the fluorescence that sample is sent by the avalanche diode module converts corresponding electric signal to, again by programmable amplifier with its voltage signal that changes amplification into, be transferred to microprocessor.
4. method as claimed in claim 3 is characterized in that, avalanche diode module in the described voltage conversion device adopts C5331, wherein integrated temperature-compensation circuit.
5. method as claimed in claim 3 is characterized in that, the programmable amplifier in the described voltage conversion device adopts MAX5426.
6. method as claimed in claim 3 is characterized in that, described microprocessor adopts MSP430.
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| CN101113985B (en) * | 2006-07-27 | 2010-12-15 | 中国科学院电子学研究所 | Sanitary status on-site rapid detection device and detecting method |
| CN101126718B (en) * | 2006-08-16 | 2010-09-15 | 中国科学院电子学研究所 | Surface cleaning detection reagent for sanitation monitoring |
| CN101464412B (en) * | 2007-12-19 | 2011-06-29 | 中国科学院电子学研究所 | Biologic sensor for optical fast detection of surface cleanliness and its test method |
| CN102243165B (en) * | 2011-06-20 | 2013-07-17 | 东南大学 | Photonic crystal coded microsphere biochip detection device |
| CN104805005A (en) * | 2015-02-28 | 2015-07-29 | 汪桂霞 | Device for testing microorganisms in human body |
| CN107367500A (en) * | 2017-09-04 | 2017-11-21 | 云南电网有限责任公司电力科学研究院 | A kind of insulating materials surface electroluminescent measuring table and method of testing |
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Assignee: Wuhan Wahaha Heng Feng Beverage Co., Ltd. Assignor: Xi'an Jiaotong University Contract record no.: 2010420000079 Denomination of invention: Multi-sample microbial pollution fast screening method Granted publication date: 20090218 License type: Exclusive License Open date: 20060308 Record date: 20100609 |
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