CN100461502C - Method for preparing weak alkaline membrane of direct alcohols fuel cell - Google Patents
Method for preparing weak alkaline membrane of direct alcohols fuel cell Download PDFInfo
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- CN100461502C CN100461502C CNB2005101046906A CN200510104690A CN100461502C CN 100461502 C CN100461502 C CN 100461502C CN B2005101046906 A CNB2005101046906 A CN B2005101046906A CN 200510104690 A CN200510104690 A CN 200510104690A CN 100461502 C CN100461502 C CN 100461502C
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Abstract
A directly alcohol fuel cell alkalescent membrane preparation method uses the porous material as the supporting body, the alkalescent macromolecule resin to fill the holes of the porous material, to form the alkalescent film of two sides films surrounding the porous material, and the said alkalescent macromolecule resin has the following general formula: [R-N(R'3)]y+HxCO3y-, in which: R being a benzene ring chain, including polyphenylene ether, polyphenylene sulfide, polyether ketone, polyether ether ketone, polyether sulfone, poly bisphenol A ether sulfone, polyether ketone sulfone, polyether ketone ether ketone, miscellaneous phthalazinone polyether ketone, miscellaneous phthalazinone polyethersulfone sulfone, miscellaneous phthalazinone polyether ketone sulfone, polystyrene or polyurethane trifluoroacetic styrene, R'=C1~C6 alkyl, x=0 or 1, y=1 or 2, the mean resin molecular weight at 105~1010. The alkalescent film changes the work environment of the fuel cell to the alkalescent environment, making the fuel cell not only having the advantages of alkalescent fuel cell, but also solving the alcohol thorough problem, without excluding CO2 in the cathode air.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the preparation method of direct alcohol fuel battery film.
Background technology
Direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) is a class low-temperature fuel cell, is specially adapted to portable power source and little, Miniature Power Unit, and the scope of application is very extensive, has boundless market prospects.Directly adopt other alcohols to make fuel and then be direct alcohol fuel battery (DAFC).
Membrane material is the significant components of fuel cell, and the research of seeking the membrane material of cheapness, function admirable, long service life is one of key technology of DMFC research.
The membrane material that common DMFC is adopted is to use for reference Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFC) achievement in research, adopts anti-branch (Nafion) film of du pont company, and such membrane material is a proton exchange membrane, so battery operated environment is a sour environment.Because the fuel methanol that uses has part can see through Nafion film (maximum can reach 40%), cause battery performance to decay, be subject to people's attention so seek a kind of research of membrane material of inexpensive, features good methanol diffusion resistance.Again since under the acid condition battery material that needs require harshness, moreover fuel cell needs noble metal as catalyst, it costs an arm and a leg and is resource-constrained, has hindered the commercialization of fuel cell.
Common alkaline fuel cell is with highly basic, as, KOH solution is as electrolytical.Under alkali condition, the reactivity ratio of methyl alcohol and oxygen is much higher under acid condition, so its electrode reaction can come catalysis to finish with the poor slightly catalyst of activity, as, the anode oxidization of methanol can be used freshly prepd nickel foam, and negative electrode can adopt silver.This broadens the selection of catalysts scope of anode, negative electrode.Nonacid environment also makes the range of choice of battery lead plate material broaden.The sixties in 20th century, PC3A type alkaline fuel cell system is successfully developed in american apollo (Apollo) moon flight, and work reaches 10750 hours.The alkaline fuel cell that UTC in 1981 develops is used for space shuttle.Units such as domestic Dalian Chemistry and Physics Institute, Tianjin power supply research institute, Wuhan University have developed alkaline fuel cell.
Because airborne CO
2CO with the methanol oxidation generation
2Can react with the hydroxyl in KOH or the alkaline polymer film, can cause the loss of electrolyte solution or charge carrier (hydroxide ion) to reduce, battery performance descends.In order to prevent the intrusion of carbon dioxide, must be equipped with the carbon dioxide removal device.If fuel adopts alcohols,, make the removing of carbon dioxide become difficult because the oxidation of alcohols product is a carbon dioxide.
Therefore, develop a kind of new membrane material, be used for the advantage that direct alcohol fuel battery can be enjoyed alkaline fuel cell, can overcome the shortcoming of alkaline fuel cell again, will have broad application prospects.
The preparation technology of conventional film generally has pressure sintering, scraper plate method, The tape casting etc.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention provides a kind of preparation method of direct alcohol fuel battery weak alkaline membrane, and the weak alkaline membrane alcohol thorough rate is low, needn't get rid of the CO in the cathode air
2, filming technology is simple, and thickness is controlled easily, and morphotropism is little, the mechanical strength height.
The preparation method of the direct alcohol fuel battery weak alkaline membrane of the present invention, it is characterized in that being is supporter with the porous material, with the hole of the filling porous material of Weak alkaline macromolecule resin, and at the two sides of porous material formation weak alkaline membrane, described Weak alkaline macromolecule resin has following general formula:
[R-N(R’
3)]
y +H
xCO
3 y-
Wherein: R is the segment of polyphenylene oxide, polyphenylene sulfide, polyether-ketone, polyether-ether-ketone, polyether sulfone, bisphenol A ether sulfone, polyether-ketone sulfone, polyetherketoneetherketoneketone, assorted naphthalene biphenyl polyether ketone, assorted naphthalene biphenyl polyether sulfone, assorted naphthalene biphenyl polyether ketone sulfone, polystyrene or polytrifluorostyrene
R ' is C
1～C
6Alkyl, preferred R ' is C
1～C
3Alkyl,
X=0 or 1, y=1 or 2,
The mean molecule quantity of resin is 10
5～10
10
The resin of above-mentioned general formula, the aromatic group of band phenyl ring can have two kinds of situations:
The one, have the macromolecule resin of the aromatic side chain that contains phenyl ring.
The 2nd, have the macromolecule resin of the aromatic group that contains phenyl ring in the high polymer main chain.
Preparation method of the present invention has dual mode, and the one, adopt dissolution with solvents to make preparation liquid described Weak alkaline macromolecule resin, porous material is dipped in the preparation liquid and soaks, and is dry then and get.
The 2nd, be R-CH by general formula
2The chloromethylation polymer of Cl (the R group is with above-mentioned general formula) adopts dissolution with solvents to make the preparation liquid of intermediate, and porous material is dipped in the preparation liquid of intermediate and soaks first film forming, and quaterisation, weak base reaction obtain film successively more then.
Dual mode is to make Weak alkaline macromolecule resin film forming more earlier, or the raw material elder generation film forming of preparation Weak alkaline macromolecule resin generates resin according to the method reaction for preparing resin more successively.
Porous material of the present invention can be porous ceramic, porous asbestos board, porous polymer materials, porous fabric, molecular sieve or expanded metal, and the thickness of porous material is 10～70 microns, and voidage is 30%～90%, and the aperture is 0.01～0.2mm.The porous material plate helps improving film strength as backing material, reduces morphotropism.
Described solvent is generally dimethyl formamide, dimethylacetylamide, N-methyl pyrrolidone or dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) etc., and the concentration of Weak alkaline macromolecule resin or chloromethylation polymer is 2wt%～40wt% in the preparation liquid of preparation liquid or intermediate.
The hole of the filling porous material of Weak alkaline macromolecule resin forms smooth, the fine and close membrane material that the two sides film surrounds porous material.Film forming thickness is 30～200 microns.
Advantage of the present invention:
Weak alkaline membrane mechanical performance, thermal stability, solvent resistance are good, meet the standard that the battery membranes material that acts as a fuel uses.Observe by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), membrane material belongs to smooth, fine and close film, and resolution is not observed micropore under 20nm, and its section SEM shows that membrane material does not have through hole, so this membrane material is airtight.X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) the analysis showed that not have crystal habit in the membrane material, shows that such membrane material is not crisp, can not cause local gas leakage in the use.The conductivity of membrane material is 10S/cm～8.52 * 10
-3S/cm, alcohol thorough rate is less than 3.56 * 10
-9Cm
2/ S.
Weak alkaline membrane, its conducting ion are weakly alkaline carbonate/bicarbonate ion.Because its conduction orientation is from the negative electrode to the anode, thus flowing of methyl alcohol in the process of ionic conduction, can not carried, so, can solve the problem of alcohol.Having vast market prospect and important theoretical research is worth.
Weak alkaline membrane makes the operational environment of fuel cell change into weakly alkaline environment, and the change of this environment can cause fuel cell not only to have the advantage of alkaline fuel cell, and product can allow CO
2Generation, also needn't get rid of the CO in the cathode air
2, saved the trouble that adding of alkali lye brought.
Other advantage of utilizing weak alkaline membrane to bring for the alkalescent fuel cell is:
1) the battery electrode reaction is than favourable under the acid condition under the alkali condition, and its selection of catalysts scope broadens.The catalyst of alkaline fuel cell not only can adopt the platinum group noble metal catalyst, and can adopt non-precious metal catalyst.As, anode can adopt Raney's nickel, and negative electrode can adopt porphyrin, phthalocyanine complex of silver, transition metal etc.
2), seeing through of methyl alcohol reduced greatly because the difference of charge carrier can not carried methyl alcohol in the anionic electroconductive process.
3) alkali condition can make the corrosivity variation of battery, makes the range of choice of battery material broaden.Battery material also can be selected some low prices, is easy to material processed.
In a word, all these all can reduce the cost of fuel cell greatly, improve the life-span of fuel cell, for the commercialization of fuel cell provides condition.
Filming technology of the present invention is simple; Thickness is controlled easily; Morphotropism is little, and the swelling morphotropism diminishes; Mechanical strength improves; The stable performance of membrane electrode (MEA), and the life-span of battery obtain prolonging.
Below Weak alkaline macromolecule resin film of the present invention and synthetic method are described as follows:
One: band contains the macromolecule resin of phenyl ring aromatic side chain:
The concentration of above sodium acid carbonate or sodium carbonate is mass concentration, and is as follows.
Wherein:
Represent high polymer main chain, comprise that substituting group is arranged on the carbochain, as H, F or alkyl.Final products are that the general structure of resin of the present invention represents one.
From the synthetic method of above-mentioned expression as can be seen, the chloromethylation polymer that the chloromethylation of raw material obtains can quaterisation, the weak base reaction successively again of first film forming.Also can be to carry out earlier quaterisation, weak base reaction, film forming (weak alkaline membrane) more successively.
Two, the synthetic and film build method that has the Weak alkaline macromolecule resin of aromatic group in the high polymer main chain:
Wherein:
Represent high polymer main chain, phenyl wherein is an active group, remainder
For forming the group of macromolecule long-chain.Final products are that the general structure of resin of the present invention represents two.
From the synthetic method of above-mentioned expression also as can be seen, the chloromethylation polymer that the chloromethylation of raw material obtains can quaterisation, the weak base reaction successively again of first film forming.Also can be to carry out earlier quaterisation, weak base reaction, film forming (weak alkaline membrane) more successively.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the methanol permeability determinator of membrane material;
Fig. 2 is the variation relation figure of B pond methanol concentration and time;
Fig. 3, Fig. 4 are respectively alkalescent fuel cell performance curve;
Among the figure: 1 tested film; 2 stirrers;
A pond: 1mol/L methanol solution; B pond: with the pure water of A pond with amount
Embodiment
The chloromethylation (known method) of embodiment 1 polystyrene
In the 250ml there-necked flask of blender, condenser, thermometer is housed, add 10～20g polystyrene and 100～190ml dichloroethanes (solvent), stir under the room temperature, it is fully dissolved.Be warmed up to 60 ℃～70 ℃ then, zinc chloride (the catalyst)-chloromethyl ether complex (the 1.5g zinc chloride is dissolved in the 20g chloromethyl ether fully) for preparing is in advance joined in the bottle, behind the stirring reaction 3～5 hours, make it slowly be cooled to room temperature, reactant in the bottle is joined in a large amount of boiling water under the vigorous stirring situation, the chloromethylation polymer is separated out, filter, water repeatedly washs, and the baking oven inner drying at 60 ℃ promptly gets chloromethylation products.Reaction equation is shown in embodiment 2.The sign of product adopts behind the chloromethylation
1H NMR.The content analysis of chloromethyl at first decomposes through potassium nitrate and NaOH calcination, and the water heating for dissolving adopts Fo Erhadefa to measure chlorinity.Chlorinity is calculated as follows:
In the formula: the molar concentration of N-this material (mol/l); The volume of V-this material (ml);
M-sample quality (g).
Embodiment 2: the film forming of the polystyrene of chloromethylation and quaternized, weak base reaction
Chloromethylated polystyrene is dissolved in N, in the dinethylformamide, is made into 2wt%～40wt% preparation liquid.Porous support materials (is immersed in the preparation liquid as the polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) fabric, vacuumize and get rid of gas in the porous material, soak 8h, taking out drench does, supports with frame, be put on the glass plate of cleaning, 60 ℃ down after dry 6～12 hours, again 100 ℃ of following heat treatments 4～8 hours, naturally cool to room temperature, standby.
The chloromethylation of polystyrene/quaternized/weak base reaction is as follows:
Above-mentioned film is placed trimethylamine aqueous solution, and (10wt%～30wt%), back water flushing is taken out in amination at room temperature 2～4 days, promptly gets the quaternary ammoniated polystyrene film of chlorine type, then at 10%～40% Na
2CO
3Soaked in the aqueous solution 1～3 day, and made its complete hydrolysis promptly obtain the quaternary ammoniated polystyrene alkalescent of carbonate type amberplex.If adopt 10%～40% NaHCO
3Soaked in the aqueous solution 1～3 day, and made its complete hydrolysis promptly obtain the quaternary ammoniated polystyrene alkalescent of bicarbonate radical type amberplex.
The method that other membrane material prepares bicarbonate radical type alkalescent quaternary ammonium salt film is identical with said method.
The ion exchange capacity IEC of the quaternized anionic polystyrene exchange membrane of weak base type adopts the method for acid base titration to measure.
By test shows, alkalescent polystyrene amberplex mechanical performance, thermal stability, solvent resistance are good, meet the standard that the battery membranes material that acts as a fuel uses.Observe by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), membrane material belongs to smooth, fine and close film, and resolution is not observed micropore under 20nm, and its section SEM shows that membrane material does not have through hole, so this membrane material is airtight.X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) the analysis showed that not have crystal habit in the membrane material, shows that such membrane material is not crisp, can not cause local gas leakage in the use.
According to aforesaid operations, if adopt triethylamine solution (or other tertiary amine) to replace trimethylamine solution can obtain the quaternised membrane material of triethylamine (or other tertiary amine).
If prepare the resin film forming that obtains after the weak baseization, can adopt N-a methyl pyrrolidone equal solvent dissolving weakly base resin, the preparation liquid of preparation 2%～40% mass concentration, porous (support) material is dipped in the preparation liquid, vacuum is got rid of the bubble in the porous material, takes out behind the immersion 8h, and drench is done, frame supports the oven dry film forming, and is identical with described method.
Embodiment 3: the chloromethylation of polyphenylene oxide
Adopt the method for embodiment 1, reaction dissolvent is taked chloroform or dichloroethanes, and the reaction equation of the chloromethylation/ammoniumization of polyphenylene oxide/weak base reaction is as follows:
In the formula: O replaces to S and is polyphenylene sulfide, and other structure is the same
Embodiment 4: the film forming of the polyphenylene oxide of chloromethylation/quaternized/weak base reaction
Adopt film-forming method and quaternized, the weak base reaction of embodiment 2.Reaction equation is shown in embodiment 3
By test shows, alkalescent polyphenylene oxide amberplex mechanical performance, thermal stability, solvent resistance are good, meet the standard that the battery membranes material that acts as a fuel uses.Observe by SEM, membrane material belongs to smooth, fine and close film, and resolution is not observed micropore under 20nm, and its section SEM shows that membrane material does not have through hole, so this membrane material is airtight.XRD analysis shows not have crystal habit in the membrane material, shows that such membrane material is not crisp, can not cause local gas leakage in the use.
The preparation method of alkalescent polyphenylene sulfide is with embodiment 3,4.
Embodiment 5: polyether-ketone chloromethylation/film forming/quaternary ammoniated/weak base reaction
Adopt the method for embodiment 1, reaction dissolvent takes the dichloroethanes reaction equation as follows
Adopt film-forming method and quaternized, the weak base reaction of embodiment 2.Reaction equation is as follows
By test shows, alkalescent polyether-ketone amberplex mechanical performance, thermal stability, solvent resistance are good, meet the standard that the battery membranes material that acts as a fuel uses.Observe by SEM, membrane material belongs to smooth, fine and close film, and resolution is not observed micropore under 20nm, and its section SEM shows that membrane material does not have through hole, so this membrane material is airtight.XRD analysis shows not have crystal habit in the membrane material, shows that such membrane material is not crisp, can not cause local gas leakage in the use.
Embodiment 6: bisphenol A polyether sulfone chloromethylation/film forming/quaternary ammoniated/weak base reaction
Adopt the method for embodiment 1, reaction dissolvent is taked dichloroethanes, and reaction equation is as follows:
Adopt film-forming method and quaternized, the weak base reaction of embodiment 2.Reaction equation is as follows:
By test shows, weak base bisphenol A polyether sulfone amberplex mechanical performance, thermal stability, solvent resistance are good, meet the standard that the battery membranes material that acts as a fuel uses.Observe by SEM, membrane material belongs to smooth, fine and close film, and resolution is not observed micropore under 20nm, and its section SEM shows that membrane material does not have through hole, so this membrane material is airtight.XRD analysis shows not have crystal habit in the membrane material, shows that such membrane material is not crisp, can not cause local gas leakage in the use.
Embodiment 7: polyether-ether-ketone chloromethylation/film forming/quaternary ammoniated/weak base reaction
Adopt the method for embodiment 1, reaction dissolvent takes the dichloroethanes reaction equation as follows
Adopt film-forming method and quaternized, the weak base reaction of embodiment 2.Reaction equation is as follows
By test shows, alkalescent polyether-ether-ketone amberplex mechanical performance, thermal stability, solvent resistance are good, meet the standard that the battery membranes material that acts as a fuel uses.Observe by SEM, membrane material belongs to smooth, fine and close film, and resolution is not observed micropore under 20nm, and its section SEM shows that membrane material does not have through hole, so this membrane material is airtight.XRD analysis shows not have crystal habit in the membrane material, shows that such membrane material is not crisp, can not cause local gas leakage in the use.
Embodiment 8: polyetherketoneetherketoneketone chloromethylation/film forming/quaternary ammoniated/weak base reaction
Adopt the method for embodiment 1, reaction dissolvent takes the dichloroethanes reaction equation as follows.
Adopt film-forming method and quaternized, the weak base reaction of embodiment 2.Reaction equation is as follows.
By test shows, alkalescent polyetherketoneetherketoneketone amberplex mechanical performance, thermal stability, solvent resistance are good, meet the standard that the battery membranes material that acts as a fuel uses.Observe by SEM, membrane material belongs to smooth, fine and close film, and resolution is not observed micropore under 20nm, and its section SEM shows that membrane material does not have through hole, so this membrane material is airtight.XRD analysis shows not have crystal habit in the membrane material, shows that such membrane material is not crisp, can not cause local gas leakage in the use.
Embodiment 9: the chloromethylation/film forming of phthalazone polyether-ketone (PPEK)/quaternized/weak base reaction
Adopt the method for embodiment 1, reaction dissolvent takes chloroform or dichloroethanes reaction equation as follows.
Adopt film-forming method and quaternized, the weak base reaction of embodiment 2.Reaction equation is as follows.
By test shows, alkalescent benzodiazine polyether-ketone amberplex mechanical performance, thermal stability, solvent resistance are good, meet the standard that the battery membranes material that acts as a fuel uses.Observe by SEM, membrane material belongs to smooth, fine and close film, and resolution is not observed micropore under 20nm, and its section SEM shows that membrane material does not have through hole, so this membrane material is airtight.XRD analysis shows not have crystal habit in the membrane material, shows that such membrane material is not crisp, can not cause local gas leakage in the use.
Embodiment 10: phthalazone polyether sulfone (PPES) chloromethylation/film forming/quaternized/weak base reaction
Adopt the method for embodiment 1, reaction dissolvent takes chloroform or dichloroethanes reaction equation as follows.
Adopt film-forming method and quaternized, the weak base reaction of embodiment 2.Reaction equation is as follows.
By test shows, alkalescent benzodiazine polyether sulfone amberplex mechanical performance, thermal stability, solvent resistance are good, meet the standard that the battery membranes material that acts as a fuel uses.Observe by SEM, membrane material belongs to smooth, fine and close film, and resolution is not observed micropore under 20nm, and its section SEM shows that membrane material does not have through hole, so this membrane material is airtight.XRD analysis shows not have crystal habit in the membrane material, shows that such membrane material is not crisp, can not cause local gas leakage in the use.
Embodiment 11: phthalazone polyethersulfone ketone (PPESK) chloromethylation/film forming/quaternized/weak base reaction adopts the method for embodiment 1, and reaction dissolvent takes chloroform or dichloroethanes reaction equation as follows.
Adopt film-forming method and quaternary ammoniated, the weak base reaction of embodiment 2.Reaction equation is as follows.
By test shows, alkalescent benzodiazine polyethersulfone ketone amberplex mechanical performance, thermal stability, solvent resistance are good, meet the standard that the battery membranes material that acts as a fuel uses.Observe by SEM, membrane material belongs to smooth, fine and close film, and resolution is not observed micropore under 20nm, and its section SEM shows that membrane material does not have through hole, so this membrane material is airtight.XRD analysis shows not have crystal habit in the membrane material, shows that such membrane material is not crisp, can not cause local gas leakage in the use.
Below illustrate the film build method of above-mentioned Weak alkaline macromolecule resin.
Embodiment 12: porous material is that matrix soaks macromolecule resin
Take porous material (as, porous ceramic, porous asbestos board, porous polymer materials, molecular sieve etc.) thin-film material be after matrix soaks the solution of above-mentioned weakly base resin, drying and forming-film.Measure the pattern of film with SEM.Parameters such as the gas barrier properties of mensuration film, conductivity.
In the dimethylacetamide solution of the quaternised phthalazone polyethersulfone ketone of carbonate (PPESK) of the weak baseization of porous ceramic plate immersion 2wt%～40wt% that employing 0.5～2mm is thick, soaked 4～14 hours, taking-up is tiled on the clean glass plate 60 ℃ of following vacuumizes 4 hours, and 130 ℃ of dryings 8 hours are standby.
By test shows, the quaternised PPESK amberplex of carbonate mechanical performance, thermal stability, solvent resistance that porous ceramic plate soaked weak baseization are good, meet the standard that the battery membranes material that acts as a fuel uses.Observe by SEM, membrane material belongs to smooth, fine and close film, and resolution is not observed micropore under 20nm, and its section SEM shows that membrane material does not have through hole, so this membrane material is airtight.XRD analysis shows not have crystal habit in the membrane material, shows that such membrane material is not crisp, can not cause local gas leakage in the use.The conductivity of membrane material is: 5.23 * 10
-2S/cm～10.51 * 10
-2S/cm, alcohol thorough rate is: 1.25 * 10
-10Cm
2/ S.
Porous asbestos board, porous polymer materials plate, molecular sieve is equal to embodiment 12.
The solution film-forming method of the quaternised macromolecular material of other carbonate is together with embodiment 12.
Embodiment 13: the preparation of the polymeric film material that porous PTFE materials strengthens
Adopt the polymeric film material of the PTFE fabric enhancing of porous
Get the thick PTFE film of 0.1～0.05mm, voidage 50%～80%, in the dimethylacetamide solution of the quaternised polystyrene of carbonate of immersion 2wt%～40wt%, soaked 1～4 hour, taking-up is tiled on the clean glass plate 60 ℃ of following vacuumizes 4 hours, and 130 ℃ of dryings 8 hours are standby.
By test shows, the immersion of porous PTFE fabric-supported the quaternised polystyrene amberplex of carbonate mechanical performance, thermal stability, the solvent resistance of weak baseization good, meet the standard that the battery membranes material that acts as a fuel uses.Observe by SEM, membrane material belongs to smooth, fine and close film, and resolution is not observed micropore under 20nm, and its section SEM shows that membrane material does not have through hole, so this membrane material is airtight.XRD analysis shows not have crystal habit in the membrane material, shows that such membrane material is not crisp, can not cause local gas leakage in the use.The conductivity of membrane material is: 6.35 * 10
-2S/cm～9.25 * 10
-2The S/cm alcohol thorough rate is: 6.32 * 10
-9Cm
2/ S
Other materials prepares the membrane material method of porous ptfe film enhancing with embodiment 13.
The solution film-forming method of the quaternised macromolecular material of other carbonate is with embodiment 13.
Embodiment 14: expanded metal (as the titanium plate)
0.1 the porous plate of～0.5mm (comprising expanded metal) voidage is 50%～80%, the aperture is less than 0.1mm.Immerse in the dimethylacetamide solution of the quaternised phthalazone polyethersulfone ketone of carbonate (PPESK) of 2wt%～40wt%, soaked 1～4 hour, taking-up is tiled on the clean glass plate 60 ℃ of following vacuumizes 4 hours, and 130 ℃ of dryings 8 hours are standby.Detect permeability, mechanical performance, surface topography and the parameters such as structure, thermal stability of film,
By test shows, the immersion of porous PTFE fabric-supported the quaternised polystyrene amberplex of carbonate mechanical performance, thermal stability, the solvent resistance of weak baseization good, meet the standard that the battery membranes material that acts as a fuel uses.Observe by SEM, membrane material belongs to smooth, fine and close film, and resolution is not observed micropore under 20nm, and its section SEM shows that membrane material does not have through hole, so this membrane material is airtight.XRD analysis shows not have crystal habit in the membrane material, shows that such membrane material is not crisp, can not cause local gas leakage in the use.The conductivity of membrane material is: 3.25 * 10
-2S/cm～5.24 * 10
-2The S/cm alcohol thorough rate is: 4.21 * 10
-9Cm
2/ S
Embodiment 15: the macromolecular material of the chloromethylation of porous PTFE fabric-supported prepares weak alkaline membrane
Adopt the chloromethylation macromolecule material solution to soak the PTFE fabric of porous, the polymeric film material that preparation PTFE strengthens, quaternized then, weak base processing, thus prepare the weak alkaline membrane material.Concrete preparation method is as follows:
It is thick to get 0.1～0.05mm, the PTFE film of voidage 50%～80%, in the dimethylacetamide solution of the phthalazone polyethersulfone ketone (PPESK) of the chloromethylation of immersion 2wt%～40wt%, soaked 1～4 hour, taking-up is tiled on the clean glass plate 60 ℃ of following vacuumizes 4 hours, 130 ℃ of dryings 8 hours are cooled to room temperature, and are standby.The membrane material of preparation soaks in pure water, and itself and glass plate are separated.
The macromolecule member material of chloromethylation of preparation under 20 ℃～40 ℃, is dipped into 48h in 10%～60% the trimethylamine aqueous solution, takes out with the pure water rinsing clean.Under 20 ℃～40 ℃, be dipped into 10%～40%Na
2CO
3(or NaHCO
3) middle 48h, take out and use rinsed with deionized water, standby.
Pass through test shows, the immersion of porous PTFE fabric-supported the quaternised phthalazone polyethersulfone ketone of carbonate (PPESK) amberplex mechanical performance, thermal stability, the solvent resistance of weak baseization good, meet the standard that the battery membranes material that acts as a fuel uses.Observe by SEM, membrane material belongs to smooth, fine and close film, and resolution is not observed micropore under 20nm, and its section SEM shows that membrane material does not have through hole, so this membrane material is airtight.XRD analysis shows not have crystal habit in the membrane material, shows that such membrane material is not crisp, can not cause local gas leakage in the use.The conductivity of membrane material is: 4.21 * 10
-2S/cm～8.57 * 10
-2The S/cm alcohol thorough rate is: 6.32 * 10
-9Cm
2/ S.
The macromolecular material of other porous support materials and chloromethylation prepares the quaternised preparation method of film material of alkalescent with embodiment 15.
The macromolecular material of other chloromethylation prepares the method for alkalescent support membrane with embodiment 15.
The saturating methyl alcohol coefficient determination of embodiment 16 membrane materials
The mensuration of the saturating pure coefficient of membrane material methyl alcohol adopts prior art device shown in Figure 1, when measuring, between A, B two ponds, press from both sides membrane material to be measured, concrete method of testing is as follows: film to be measured soaks 24h at least in pure water before test, there is the stainless (steel) wire of playing a supporting role the film both sides, this three-decker is sandwiched between two ponds, and is fixed with circular clamping.The A pond adds the 1mol/L methanol solution, and the B pond adds and the pure water of A pond with amount.Open agitating device simultaneously.Take out small amount of liquid detects methyl alcohol the solution with gas-chromatography (adopting Tianjin, island 2010) content at set intervals from the B pond.Range of measuring temp is between room temperature to 80 ℃.Under same temperature, the different time sampling can obtain methanol concentration curve (as shown in Figure 2) over time.By calculating the saturating pure coefficient that can obtain membrane material.
Embodiment 17: the saturating pure coefficient determination of other alcohols
The transmission coefficient assay method of other alcohol (as ethanol, isopropyl alcohol etc.) is with embodiment 13, and just the solution that changes other alcohols into of the methanol solution in the A pond gets final product.Since the molecule minimum of methyl alcohol, the easiest diffusion, moreover, the polarity maximum of methanol molecules, thus the easiest to be the most serious with the towing of ions binding electricity.So the saturating pure coefficient of other alcohols is littler than methyl alcohol.
The preparation that below is membrane electrode reaches battery performance test for example.
Embodiment 18: the hydrophobic treatment of carbon paper (known technology)
T-090 (or T-060) carbon paper is cut into required size, dries 4h down at 110 ℃, the cooling back is taken out and is weighed.Pending carbon paper is put into the polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) emulsion (adding the dilution of secondary water) of 10wt% and soaked 30min with the 30wt%PTFE emulsion of buying, taking-up, baking 2h puts into stove then and heats 2h down at 350 ℃ to remove solvent under 110 ℃.Weigh after the cooling, calculate the percentage composition of PTFE in the material.
Embodiment 19: the preliminary treatment of Weak alkaline polymer membrane (known technology mode)
Adopt Weak alkaline polymer membrane of the present invention at 5vol%H
2O
2Boil 1h in the aqueous solution,, take out the Na that puts into 1.0mol/L after film washes repeatedly with deionized water to remove the organic impurities in the striping
2CO
3Boil 1h in the solution, make film change alkalescent fully into.With deionized water rinsing for several times, film is placed on boils 1h in the deionized water then, be stored in the deionized water, standby.
Embodiment 20: the preparation of membrane electrode (1)
Anode catalyst adopts the PtRu/C of 20% platinum carrying capacity, and cathod catalyst adopts (the 600 ℃ of activation of cobalt carrying capacity 20%HNODPcCo (II)/C) of dicyclo phthalocyanine cobalt.
According to 1.2mg/cm
2The consumption of (or other carrying capacity) takes by weighing an amount of cathod catalyst, add NaOH solution, the isopropyl alcohol of an amount of redistilled water, 1.0mol/L, carbonate quaternary ammonium type alkalescent polymer (or other Weak alkaline macromolecule polymer resin) emulsion and the ptfe emulsion of 2w/w%～10w/w%, take out about supersonic oscillations 1h, putting into 40 ℃～60 ℃ baking ovens dries by the fire to paste, evenly be applied on the T-090 carbon paper of 20wt%PTFE, naturally dry, as negative electrode.The making anode that uses the same method, just the amount of anode catalyst is with 1mg/cm
2(or other carrying capacity) takes by weighing.Smear an amount of and the emulsion corresponding alkalescent fluoropolymer resin of membrane material on the catalyst layer of two cathode and anode, negative electrode adopts cobalt carrying capacity 1mg/cm
2, catalyst employing six (4-nitro dicyclo phthalocyanine cobalts) are immobilized, and the cobalt carrying capacity is 12w/w%400 ℃ to XC-72 active carbon, and argon shield is activation 2h down, and the preparation method of cathode portion is with the preparation method of anode.Yin, yang the two poles of the earth catalyst layer is placed the film both sides (being similar to sandwich structure) of handling towards the film direction, be placed in the middle of the clamping plate, under 120 ℃, 15.5MPa,, perform mark after take out the cooling back with tablet press machine hot pressing 2 minutes, standby.The performance curve of battery as shown in Figure 3.
Embodiment 21: the preparation of membrane electrode (2)
Anode catalyst adopts PtRuSn/C, and cathod catalyst adopts silver, and other is operated with embodiment 20.
Embodiment 22: the preparation of membrane electrode (3)
Anode catalyst adopts Raney's nickel, and cathod catalyst adopts porphin Lin iron, and other is operated with embodiment 20.
Embodiment 23: the preparation of membrane electrode (4)
Membrane material adopts PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene) net to support the film that the immersion weakly base resin is made, and other is operated with embodiment 20.
Embodiment 24: battery assembling and battery performance test
Membrane electrode is placed between the graphite flow field plates, make gasket seal, install battery with the teflon plate of suitable thickness.With lock-in amplifier and potentiostat test impedance, when internal resistance can feed fuel less than 0.4 ohm the time and oxygen carries out battery performance test.Test condition is anode fuel fluid flow 20mL/min, cathode pressure 0.2MPa, flow 60mL/min.Open-circuit working 1h in the time of 50 ℃, the record open circuit voltage.Connect load then, under near the limiting current situation, carry out activation processing 4-5h.Again its discharge performance is tested.Come Control current and voltage value by the resistance sizes of regulating load, measure electric current, the magnitude of voltage of many groups (about 20 groups) and make polarization curve.During measurement,, gathered data every three minutes in order to guarantee the battery steady operation.
Fig. 3 alkalescent fuel cell performance curve is according to following condition test.
Adopt the quaternised benzodiazine polyethersulfone ketone of alkalescent carbonate amberplex.
Anode adopts PtRu/C, and negative electrode adopts six (4-nitro) dicyclo phthalocyanine cobalt, 12%, 400 ℃ of heat treated catalyst of Co carrying capacity, 50 ℃, 2mol/L methanol solution.
Fig. 4 alkalescent fuel cell performance curve is according to following condition test.
Curve 1 anode adopts PtRuSn/C 1mg Pt/cm
2, negative electrode adopts Raney's nickel, 5mgNi/cm
2, the quaternized polyether-ether-ketone amberplex of alkalescent carbonate.
Under the same test condition, just fuel methanol changes the solution of ethanol into, then obtains direct alcohol fuel cell, and its performance is more a bit weaker than the performance of direct methanol fuel cell.
If adopt aqueous isopropanol, replace methanol aqueous solution, other condition is the same, then is direct isopropyl alcohol fuel cell, and its performance is more a little better than the performance of direct methanol fuel cell.
Claims (9)
1. the preparation method of a direct alcohol fuel battery weak alkaline membrane, it is characterized in that being is supporter with the porous material, with the hole of the filling porous material of Weak alkaline macromolecule resin, and at the two sides of porous material formation weak alkaline membrane, described Weak alkaline macromolecule resin has following general formula:
[R-N(R’
3)]
y +H
xCO
3 y-
Wherein: R is the segment of polyphenylene oxide, polyphenylene sulfide, polyether-ketone, polyether-ether-ketone, polyether sulfone, bisphenol A ether sulfone, polyether-ketone sulfone, polyetherketoneetherketoneketone, assorted naphthalene biphenyl polyether ketone, assorted naphthalene biphenyl polyether sulfone, assorted naphthalene biphenyl polyether ketone sulfone or polytrifluorostyrene,
R ' is C
1～C
6Alkyl, x=0 or 1, y=1 or 2,
The mean molecule quantity of resin is 10
5～10
10
2. preparation method according to claim 1 is characterized in that R ' is C
1～C
3Alkyl.
3. preparation method according to claim 1 is characterized in that described Weak alkaline macromolecule resin is the macromolecule resin that contains the aromatic side chain of phenyl ring.
4. preparation method according to claim 1 is characterized in that described Weak alkaline macromolecule resin is the macromolecule resin that has the phenyl ring aromatic group in the high polymer main chain.
5. preparation method according to claim 1 is characterized in that adopting dissolution with solvents to make preparation liquid described Weak alkaline macromolecule resin, and porous material is dipped in the preparation liquid and soaks, and is dry then and get.
6. preparation method according to claim 1 is characterized in that being is R-CH by general formula
2The chloromethylation polymer of Cl adopts dissolution with solvents to make the preparation liquid of intermediate, and porous material is dipped in the preparation liquid of intermediate and soaks first film forming, and quaterisation, weak base reaction obtain film successively more then.
7. according to claim 1,5 or 6 described preparation methods, it is characterized in that described porous material is porous ceramic, porous asbestos board, porous polymer materials, molecular sieve or expanded metal, the thickness of porous material is 10～70 microns, voidage is 30%～90%, and the aperture is 0.01～0.2mm.
8. according to claim 1,5 or 6 described preparation methods, it is characterized in that described solvent is dimethyl formamide, dimethylacetylamide, N-methyl pyrrolidone or dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), the concentration of Weak alkaline macromolecule resin is 2wt%～40wt% in the solution.
9. preparation method according to claim 1, the thickness that it is characterized in that described weak alkaline membrane is 30～200 microns.
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Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1275250A (en) * | 1997-10-10 | 2000-11-29 | 美国3M公司 | Process of forming membrane electrode |
| CN1402370A (en) * | 2002-09-30 | 2003-03-12 | 武汉大学 | Alkaline ion film direct liquid organic matter fuel cell |
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Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1275250A (en) * | 1997-10-10 | 2000-11-29 | 美国3M公司 | Process of forming membrane electrode |
| CN1402370A (en) * | 2002-09-30 | 2003-03-12 | 武汉大学 | Alkaline ion film direct liquid organic matter fuel cell |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| Development of direct methaol alkaline fuel cells using anionexchange membranes. Eileen Hao Yu,Keith Scott.Journal or Power Sources,Vol.137 No.2. 2004 |
| Development of direct methaol alkaline fuel cells using anionexchange membranes. Eileen Hao Yu,Keith Scott.Journal or Power Sources,Vol.137 No.2. 2004 * |
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