CN100460976C - Slow light controlled photon crystal coupled switch - Google Patents
Slow light controlled photon crystal coupled switch Download PDFInfo
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- CN100460976C CN100460976C CNB2007100434405A CN200710043440A CN100460976C CN 100460976 C CN100460976 C CN 100460976C CN B2007100434405 A CNB2007100434405 A CN B2007100434405A CN 200710043440 A CN200710043440 A CN 200710043440A CN 100460976 C CN100460976 C CN 100460976C
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- light
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- dielectric rod
- defect waveguide
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Abstract
The invention discloses a photon transistor coupling switch controlled by slow light, which is characterized by the following: adding dielectric bar with different dielectric constants as the background material into the background material; arranging the dielectric bar at square lattice or hexagonal lattice; removing two rows of dielectric rod to realize defective waveguide of signal transmitting wire with two non-linear Kerr effect; separating two defective waveguides of signal transmitting wire by odd rows of dielectric bar; changing the radius of one row of dielectric bar in the center of the odd rows of dielectric bar to control the defective waveguide; selecting optical signal with minimum group speed to pass the defective waveguide as slow light control light; inputting the slow light control light through controlling the defective waveguide; changing the strike of signal light of certain defective waveguide of signal transmitting wire into another defective waveguide of signal transmitting wire to output; using shorter coupling length to change the coupling switch condition dynamically; improving the integrated degree of integrated light path and reducing the operational power.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of photon crystal coupled switch, relate in particular to a kind of nonlinear material photon crystal coupled switch of slower rays control, be applicable to optical communication system and integrated optical circuit.
Background technology
Integrated optical circuit will be the main devices of optical communication system of future generation, advantages such as cost is low, volume is little, easy batch process that it has.Realize material as the most potential integrated optical circuit, photonic crystal has obtained paying attention to widely.Photonic crystal is made up of the dielectric substance of periodic arrangement, can forbid that the light of some frequency range passes through, and this phenomenon is called as photon band gap.Utilize this specific character,, just can realize the transmission of light signal by in material, causing certain defective.Photon crystal coupled switch is one of key components of integrated optical circuit.For the existing more achievement in research of the photon crystal coupled device of static state, the enough short coupling lengths of energy are realized the coupling of signal, obtain higher extinction ratio and bigger bandwidth simultaneously at present.Yet realize that dynamic photon crystal coupled switch remains a theme that remains to be inquired into.A kind of mode is to inject the part liquid crystal in photon crystal material, by applying the dielectric characteristic that different voltage changes material, thereby changes the couple state of signal.Yet this automatically controlled mode speed is slower, can't reach the requirement of exchange at a high speed, simultaneously in order to realize automatically controlled a lot of extra equipment that also need.Better mode is to realize control on off state by adding control light, realizes the mode of full light.
Nearest theoretical study results shows, compare with the light pulse of normal group velocity, the slower light (being slower rays) of group velocity has the advantages that to change the material dielectric characteristic under the condition of low operand power, and the control light that utilizes this light to be used as photon crystal coupled switch can be realized the change of super low-power consumption on off state.Also there is not relevant technology openly to report at present both at home and abroad.
Therefore, the photon crystal coupled switch of slower rays control being studied, is the important theme of integrated photonic device of optical communication system and network of facing the future.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is at the deficiencies in the prior art, propose a kind of slow light controlled photon crystal coupled switch, dynamically realize the change of coupled switch state with short coupling length.
For realizing such purpose, in technical scheme of the present invention, in background material, add the dielectric rod different with the background material specific inductive capacity, dielectric rod is arranged according to square lattice or hexagonal lattice, and grating constant is a.Realize two bars transmission line defect waveguide by removing two row's dielectric rods, make two bars transmission line defect waveguide have the Kerr nonlinearity effect.Separate by odd number row dielectric rod between the two bars transmission line defect waveguide, change the radius of the row's dielectric rod that is positioned at odd number row dielectric rod center, make it become control light defect waveguide.
Do not adding under the situation of controlling light, frequency is that the flashlight of fs enters the back along waveguide by article one signal transmssion line defect waveguide, do not have too much coupling between this moment and the second signal transmssion line defect waveguide, most of energy are finally exported via article one signal transmssion line defect waveguide.Such pattern is common static coupling mechanism.
The present invention select can be by control light defect waveguide and light signal that group velocity is minimum control light as slower rays.Slower rays control light is from the input of control light defect waveguide, make from the trend of the flashlight of a certain bars transmission line defect waveguide input to change and from another bars transmission line defect waveguide output, thereby the state of realizing switch changes.
On off state of the present invention changes situation, coupling length and extinction ratio and depends on the dielectric characteristic of used each ingredient of photon crystal material and the radius of nonlinear characteristic and dielectric rod.By analyzing the band structure of switch, can suitably adjust parameter, thereby obtain coupled switch performance preferably.The specific inductive capacity of photon crystal material of the present invention (background material and dielectric rod) is between 1 to 25, and the Ke Er coefficient is 1 * 10
-13Cm
2/ W to 1 * 10
-8Cm
2Between/the W.To between the 0.5a, a is a grating constant to the radius of dielectric rod at 0.01a.
Slow light controlled photon crystal coupled switch of the present invention can be realized dynamic switch state, the center line defective that is used to control light transmission simultaneously also can influence photonic band gap structure, make the coupling modular curve in the signal transfer mode be offset, thereby add the phase shift of large-signal unit of transfer distance, realize shorter coupling length.Choose suitable parameter, the length of this coupled switch can be reduced to ten multiple magnitudes of grating constant.If grating constant a is the nano level words of hundreds of, then the length of coupled switch only is the micron number magnitude.This will help to improve the integrated level of integrated optical circuit, thereby realize volume littler, photonic device and subsystem more easily, promote following optical communication system and networks development.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a slow light controlled photon crystal coupled switch structural representation of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the dispersion relation figure of embodiment of the invention structure three strip defect waveguide modes.
Fig. 3 be in the embodiment of the invention structure under different input conditions, second signal transmssion line defect waveguide is to the output extinction ratio frequency spectrum profile of article one signal transmssion line defect waveguide, i.e. ratio between the output signal power of the output signal power of waveguide 2 and waveguide 1.
Among Fig. 3, a is the output extinction ratio of only input signal light time, and b is the output extinction ratio of input signal light and slower rays control light time, and c is the output extinction ratio of input signal light and non-slower rays control light time.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples technical scheme of the present invention is further described.
Slow light controlled photon crystal coupled switch structure of the present invention as shown in Figure 1.The formation of photon crystal material is the dielectric rod that adds another kind of specific inductive capacity in a kind of background material of specific inductive capacity, and dielectric rod is arranged according to rectangle or hexagonal lattice, and grating constant is a.Realize two bars transmission line defect waveguide by removing two row's dielectric rods, be labeled as waveguide 1 and waveguide 2 respectively.Two bars transmission line defect waveguide also have the Kerr nonlinearity effect except with background material has identical specific inductive capacity.Separate by odd number row dielectric rod between waveguide 1 and the waveguide 2.Change the row's dielectric rod radius that is positioned at these odd numbers row dielectric rod center, make it become the linear defect wave-guide that control light can pass through, be labeled as waveguide 3.
Do not adding under the situation of controlling light, frequency is after the flashlight of fs is entered by waveguide 1, along waveguide 1 transmission, does not have too much coupling between this moment and the waveguide 2, and most of energy are finally via waveguide 1 output.Such pattern is common static coupling mechanism.
The present invention select can be by control light defect waveguide and light signal that group velocity is minimum control light as slower rays.By analyzing switching frequency the band structure that wave number changes is sought the minimum control optical mode of group velocity.Be positioned at three transmission modes that have that originally do not have defective photonic band gap frequency range in the band gap diagram, wherein two corresponding to signal transmssion line defect waveguide 1 and 2, an other linear defect wave-guide 3 of controlling light transmission corresponding to the structure centre place.On modeling curve corresponding to the waveguide of control light transmission, can find slope near zero point, its group velocity is minimum.As control light frequency fp, then controlling light is slower rays with the frequency of this point.
In construction of switch, add slower rays control light, by waveguide 3 inputs.Under the effect of this control light, the dielectric properties of photon crystal material changes, and script is changed by the trend of the flashlight fs of waveguide 1 input, and energy shifts to waveguide 2 gradually under coupling, final most of energy is by waveguide 2 outputs, thereby the state of having realized switch changes.
Embodiment:
The formation of photon crystal material is the dielectric rod that adds high-k (ε=12) in low dielectric rate background material (ε=2.1), and dielectric rod is arranged according to hexagonal lattice, and grating constant is a, and the radius of dielectric rod is 0.2a.Realize two linear defect wave-guides by removing two row's dielectric rods, be labeled as waveguide 1 and 2 respectively.The material of waveguide also has the Kerr nonlinearity effect except with background material has identical specific inductive capacity, and the Ke Er coefficient is 3.25 * 10
-9Cm
2/ W.Separate by 5 row's dielectric rods between the linear defect wave-guide.The row's dielectric rod radius that is positioned at 5 row's dielectric rod centers is 0.14a, and the linear defect wave-guide as control light passes through is labeled as waveguide 3.The length of total is 20a.The present invention at first will try to achieve the photonic band gap diagram of this structure, i.e. the dispersion relation figure of the line defect pattern shown in Fig. 2.The frequency range that is not hidden by shade among Fig. 2 is the bandgap range that does not have the photonic crystal of defective originally, and being arranged in this scope has three strip defect patterns, corresponds respectively to flashlight transmission mode and control optical transmission mode.By the normalized frequency (normalized frequency=grating constant/wavelength) of the controlled slower rays of transmission mode curve in the analysis chart, promptly control slope in the optical transmission mode curve near 0 position, and the scope of flashlight.With centre frequency is 0.2853, spectrum width is that 0.1 gaussian signal is as input signal, to the output signal extinction ratio that does not add control light, adds slower rays control light and add 2 pairs of waveguides 1 of waveguide under the non-slower rays control light situation analyze with relatively, the result is as shown in Figure 3.Among Fig. 3, a is the output extinction ratio of only input signal light time, and b is the output extinction ratio of input signal light and slower rays control light time, and c is the output extinction ratio of input signal light and non-slower rays control light time.Slower rays control light normalized frequency is fp=0.2834, and non-slower rays control light normalized frequency is fp '=0.266.After adding slower rays control light, the output situation of signal with do not add the control light time and compare bigger change is arranged.And when adding the non-slower rays control light time, the output state of flashlight with do not add the control light time and compare and do not take place significantly to change.The output state that has only slower rays control light could more significantly change the photonic crystal switch is described.The normalized frequency of choosing flashlight is fs=0.2815, its transmission situation is carried out emulation, the result is: when not adding the control light time, flashlight is from waveguide 1 input, through this coupled switch transmission, most of energy is exported by waveguide 1, but still has portion of energy by waveguide 2 outputs, and extinction ratio is approximately 2.5dB.After adding slower rays control light, the dielectric properties of coupled switch material is exerted an influence, this moment flashlight still by waveguide 1 input, through after the transmission mainly from waveguide 2 outputs, realized the transfer of main energy, extinction ratio reaches 22.5dB.
The state that opens the light of the present invention changes situation, coupling length and extinction ratio and depends on the dielectric characteristic of used each ingredient of photon crystal material and the radius of nonlinear characteristic and dielectric rod.By the band structure of analytical structure, can suitably adjust structural parameters, thereby obtain coupled switch performance preferably.This will help to improve the integrated level of integrated optical circuit and reduce operand power, thereby promote following optical communication system and networks development.
Claims (2)
1. a slow light controlled photon crystal coupled switch is characterized in that adding the dielectric rod different with the background material specific inductive capacity in background material, and dielectric rod is arranged according to square lattice or hexagonal lattice; Realize two bars transmission line defect waveguide by removing two row's dielectric rods, make two bars transmission line defect waveguide have the Kerr nonlinearity effect; Separate by odd number row dielectric rod between the two bars transmission line defect waveguide, reduce to be positioned at the radius that dielectric rod is arranged at one of odd number row dielectric rod center, make it become control light defect waveguide; Selection can be controlled light as slower rays by defect waveguide and the light signal that group velocity is minimum of control light; Slower rays control light is from the input of control light defect waveguide, make from the trend of the flashlight of a certain bars transmission line defect waveguide input to change and from another bars transmission line defect waveguide output, thereby the state of realizing switch changes.
2. according to the slow light controlled photon crystal coupled switch of claim 1, the specific inductive capacity that it is characterized in that described background material and dielectric rod is between 1 to 25, and the Ke Er coefficient is 1 * 10
-13Cm
2/ W to 1 * 10
-8Cm
2Between/the W; To between the 0.5a, a is a grating constant to the radius of dielectric rod at 0.01a.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB2007100434405A CN100460976C (en) | 2007-07-05 | 2007-07-05 | Slow light controlled photon crystal coupled switch |
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|---|---|---|---|
| CNB2007100434405A CN100460976C (en) | 2007-07-05 | 2007-07-05 | Slow light controlled photon crystal coupled switch |
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| CN100460976C true CN100460976C (en) | 2009-02-11 |
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Families Citing this family (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101571657B (en) * | 2009-06-10 | 2010-09-01 | 南京邮电大学 | Photonic crystal all-optical switch |
| CN101916027A (en) * | 2010-08-03 | 2010-12-15 | 福建师范大学 | All-optical logic gate device based on single photonic crystal micro-ring |
| CN102590949B (en) * | 2012-01-31 | 2014-01-15 | 中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所 | Side-coupled dual-channel optical waveguide transmission system for photonic crystal |
| CN102565936B (en) * | 2012-01-31 | 2013-07-03 | 中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所 | Side surface coupling unidirectional transmission photonic crystal waveguide device |
| CN105388562B (en) * | 2015-11-24 | 2018-03-27 | 湖南大学 | A kind of efficiently 1.31/1.55 μm of wavelength division multiplexer of photonic crystal |
Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6580842B1 (en) * | 2002-02-11 | 2003-06-17 | Markus P. Hehlen | Integrated optical circulator array |
| JP2005091467A (en) * | 2003-09-12 | 2005-04-07 | Nec Corp | Photonic crystal optical functional element |
| JP2006064863A (en) * | 2004-08-25 | 2006-03-09 | Nippon Telegr & Teleph Corp <Ntt> | Optical switch circuit |
| US20060062507A1 (en) * | 2003-04-23 | 2006-03-23 | Yanik Mehmet F | Bistable all optical devices in non-linear photonic crystals |
| US7031585B2 (en) * | 2002-12-04 | 2006-04-18 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | Using electro-magnetically induced transparency in photonic crystal cavities to obtain large non-linear effects |
| US20060159411A1 (en) * | 2004-05-27 | 2006-07-20 | Miller Robert A | Photonic integrated circuit |
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Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6580842B1 (en) * | 2002-02-11 | 2003-06-17 | Markus P. Hehlen | Integrated optical circulator array |
| US7031585B2 (en) * | 2002-12-04 | 2006-04-18 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | Using electro-magnetically induced transparency in photonic crystal cavities to obtain large non-linear effects |
| US20060062507A1 (en) * | 2003-04-23 | 2006-03-23 | Yanik Mehmet F | Bistable all optical devices in non-linear photonic crystals |
| JP2005091467A (en) * | 2003-09-12 | 2005-04-07 | Nec Corp | Photonic crystal optical functional element |
| US20060159411A1 (en) * | 2004-05-27 | 2006-07-20 | Miller Robert A | Photonic integrated circuit |
| JP2006064863A (en) * | 2004-08-25 | 2006-03-09 | Nippon Telegr & Teleph Corp <Ntt> | Optical switch circuit |
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