CN100460113C - Method and apparatus for cutting workpieces with the provision of cooling of the cutting tool - Google Patents
Method and apparatus for cutting workpieces with the provision of cooling of the cutting tool Download PDFInfo
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- CN100460113C CN100460113C CNB200510119994XA CN200510119994A CN100460113C CN 100460113 C CN100460113 C CN 100460113C CN B200510119994X A CNB200510119994X A CN B200510119994XA CN 200510119994 A CN200510119994 A CN 200510119994A CN 100460113 C CN100460113 C CN 100460113C
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Abstract
This invention is a method and apparatus for cutting a workpiece which may have interruptions, with a cutting insert having a cutting edge, where the cutting insert is held in a tool holder and is optionally supported by a shim. Coolant, which may contain liquid nitrogen, is introduced through a passageway to a cooling passage located near the cutting edge. The cooling passage may be located either under, behind, or under and behind the cutting edge. Coolant impacts the wall surfaces of the cooling passage near the cutting edge where it is partly evaporated thereby cooling the cutting insert.
Description
It is the priority of 60/611015 U. S. application formerly that the present invention requires with the application number of submitting on September 16th, 2004, and it is hereby incorporated by.
Technical field
The present invention relates to materials processing, particularly relate to a kind of material time delay rimmer knife tool method of life and device that is used for having discontinuities, for example occur under the situation with cutting insert turning, end mill, bore hole, milling and boring in machining.
Background technology
Discontinuities can be simple space or the material each several part that cutting is had completely different resistance.When discontinuities was present in the material, cutting force can intermittently be reduced to the part of maximum cutting force because of cutting edge process discontinuities, as 50% (for discontinuities is the situation in space, and cutting force will reduce to zero) less than maximum cutting force.In the feeding plane, the size of discontinuities must be enough big with respect to the curvature of cutting edge, thereby make cutter process discontinuities under the power effect on the cutter.
Because the ring-type heat load of impact wave mode and the mechanical load of cutter, interrupted cut is a kind of process operation of difficulty.Discontinuities in the workpiece is served as the impact stress that bringing out inserts breaks in early days and is concentrated portion." outside " is applied to traditional submergence of most of contact area between cutting tool and/or cutter and the workpiece material or the use of spraying cooling medium, cause the cooling and the sclerosis at material discontinuities edge, bring impulsive force higher on inserting, therefore and cause tool wear and the inefficacy quickened, be generally fracture.Because operate thermal softening and the chemical abrasion that has impelled cutting edge and other position of inserting under the high temperature, the disappearance of cooling can shorten the life-span of cutting tool.Whether final result is that cutter life acutely shortens with respect to continuous cutting in the interrupted cut process, no matter cool off.Most of interrupted cuts be operating as dry operation with the cooling of avoiding the discontinuities edge and sclerosis and low cruise to avoid the thermal softening of cutting tool.
As used herein, term " cutting " includes but are not limited to following operation: turning, bore hole, cutting, grooving, end mill, planing and milling.
Relevant disclosing comprises that the patent No. is that 2641047,3077802,3571877,3971114,4848198,5237894,5716974,5901623,6652200 United States Patent (USP) and application number are 2002/0189413 and 2003/0110781 United States Patent (USP).Exist a kind of to prolonging the demand of the method for cutter life in the interrupted cut.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides a kind of method of cutting the workpiece with discontinuities with cutting insert, described cutting insert has cutting edge, and described cutting insert is clamped in the knife bar, said method comprising the steps of: make the described described cutting edge of inserting contact described workpiece; Coolant fluid is introduced near at least one passage that is in the described described cutting edge of inserting to cool off described cutting edge; And discharge synthetic fluid from described at least one passage; It is characterized in that,, make described coolant fluid in described at least one passage, experience local at least phase transformation the dropping equipment decompression that is positioned at described at least one passage of the pressure of described coolant fluid; Described at least one passage is discharged the direction of synthetic fluid, is the direction on surface of leaving the described workpiece of described cutting edge front.
The present invention also provides a kind of method, wherein is the step of at least a portion of the described coolant fluid of vaporization in described at least one passage after described introducing step and before the described discharge step.
The present invention also is provided for the device of cutting workpiece, comprise knife bar and cutting insert, described cutting insert has cutting edge, described cutting insert is clamped in the described knife bar, described device comprises that also one is near the coolant fluid passage of described cutting edge, is used for cooling off indirectly described cutting edge; It is characterized in that described passage comprises the dropping equipment that is positioned at described passage, thereby make described coolant fluid will in passage, experience local at least phase transformation.
In order to solve the problem of cutting insert lost of life in interrupted cut, the present invention adopts a cooling system, use a kind of coolant fluid to cool off cutting insert and to the edge that is about to processed workpiece discontinuities substantially without any heat affecting.Coolant fluid can be the mixture of carbon dioxide, helium, nitrogen, argon or above-mentioned fluid, is preferably the mixture of nitrogen or argon or nitrogen and argon.Coolant fluid can be a cryogen.
Benefit of the present invention is particularly outstanding in hard cutting, interrupted cut, and wherein, expensive, high-fracture toughness, superhard material such as porous cubic boron nitride (PCBN) or silicon carbide whisker are strengthened aluminium oxide (SiC
W-Al
2O
3) because its life-span predictable and common selection in process operation as insert material.Method and apparatus of the present invention can be used from interrupted cut with these insert materials one.
Cheaply, aluminium oxide common and/or that be compounded with titanium carbide or the carbon-nitrogen particulate (Al that inserts
2O
3-TiC and Al
2O
3-TiCN), be called " sintex ", " aluminum oxide tool " or " black ceramic " by expert person, because their low fracture toughness and the unpredictable sudden failure that therefore brings, they can not be used for hard cutting, interrupted cut usually." ceramic insert ", " aluminium oxide is inserted " and " black ceramic " are that oxide containing ceramic is inserted, and typically comprise the oxide ceramics phase of at least 5% weight.Adopt method and apparatus of the present invention, these cheap aluminium oxide insert have been found that can in interrupted cut operation, use and can be in some respects than the PCBN and/or the SiC of the sort of costliness
W-Al
2O
3Insert and do better when being used for conventional method, as reducing process time and cost of charp tool aspect.The present invention has realized a kind of effective cooling means that is used for the interrupted cut operation.The available cutting tool of any commerce is inserted and be can be used among the present invention, is used for work hardening or soft workpiece.Cutting tool is inserted and is comprised that relatively cheap aluminium oxide, the nothing made by low fracture toughness impedance material apply or the cutter of coated carbide is inserted or other any standard cutter is inserted, and those are by PCBN, SiC
W-Al
2O
3, Si
3N
4And/or diamond more expensive the inserting of making.
The present invention is the method that a kind of cutting insert with the band cutting edge cuts the workpiece of band discontinuities, and wherein cutting insert is clamped in knife bar and is supported by edge bearing alternatively.Coolant fluid passes pipeline and is introduced near the cooling duct that is positioned at the cutting edge.The cooling duct can be positioned following, the back of cutting edge or down, the two sides, back." back " means the direction at cutting insert rear portion." following " means the direction of cutting insert bottom.The cooling duct can be in cutting insert, between cutting insert and the edge bearing, in the cutting insert, between edge bearing and the knife bar, the combination of in the knife bar or these positions.Near the coolant fluid liquid mist of fast moving or the droplet impact cutting edge cooling duct wall surface, wherein liquid mist or drop are partly vaporized.The process technology term that uses among the application is a standard in the processing technique field, describes to some extent in numerous themes references, as " metal cutting ", the 4th edition, E.M.Trent and P.K.Wright, Butterworth Heinemann publishes, Boston, Oxford, the 10th, 12,15 and 18 page.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 to 8 has shown several embodiment of apparatus of the present invention, and these devices are used in the method for the invention, and identical project has identical Reference numeral.Fig. 9 and 10 is for showing the chart about experimental data of the present invention.
Fig. 1 is the cross section view of observing from the side of one embodiment of the invention, has shown the cooling duct that is positioned in abutting connection with the supporting edge bearing of inserting of cutting insert, and wherein cooling agent is supplied with by the pipeline that runs through the knife bar bottom.
Fig. 2 is the edge bearing that passes device shown in Figure 1 cut open along Fig. 1 cathetus B-B ' and the cross section view of cooling duct.
Fig. 3 is the cross section view of observing from the side of another embodiment of the present invention, has shown the cooling duct in the edge bearing.The figure illustrates synthetic inserting with brazing PCBN point of a knife.
Fig. 4 is the cross section view of observing from the side of another embodiment of the present invention, has shown to be positioned at knife bar and in abutting connection with the cooling duct of edge bearing, wherein cooling agent is by running through the passage supply at knife bar back.
Fig. 5 is the cross section view of observing from the side of another embodiment of the present invention, has shown the cooling duct that is positioned at knife bar.
Fig. 6 is the cross section view of observing from the side of another embodiment of the present invention, has shown the cooling duct that is positioned at cutting insert.
Fig. 7 is the cross section view of observing from the side of another embodiment of the present invention, has shown to be positioned at the cooling duct of knife bar in abutting connection with no edge bearing cutting insert.
Fig. 8 is the cross section view of another embodiment of the present invention, and the rotation of inserting that is used for milling cutter, drift or drill bit or fixing cutting tool are installed.
Fig. 9 is for showing the chart of the present invention to the influence of cutter life.
Figure 10 shows that difference is inserted and the chart in operating condition bottom tool life-span.
The specific embodiment
Fig. 1 and 2 has shown two views of an embodiment of the device that is applicable to the method that realizes the present invention or cutting tool 1.Device 1 comprises a knife bar 15 that is used to support cutting insert 12 and optional edge bearing 13, and this edge bearing is positioned at below the cutting insert 12.Though be optionally, can use edge bearing usually.Insert 12 and edge bearing 13 can show them in position among the figure with any suitable device known in the art such as screw or anchor clamps clamping in position by anchor clamps 17 clampings.The cutting edge 14 that is used to contact with the cutting workpiece (not shown) is positioned at the main back knife face 23 of cutting insert 12 and the intersection place of rake 27.The dorsal part 29 of cutting insert is positioned at the opposite side of main back knife face 23.Rake 27 is surfaces (and can be the surface of cutting tool) of cutting insert 12, is adjacent to the cutting edge 14 that directs chips (adopting processing to handle the workpiece fragment of removing from workpiece) breaks away from workpiece.Rake 27 can be smooth, chamfering fully or have by more complicated 3D shape molded or that add-in card is made, the fracture of the mobile and/or smear metal of smear metal in processing with control.Device 1 is designed to be used in combination with the process equipment that comprises lathe, milling machine etc.
The shape of edge bearing 13 is shaped as cooling duct 16, illustrates it in abutting connection with cutting insert 12.Alternatively, the passage such as pipe fitting or other pipeline can be inserted in edge bearing 13 and/or cutting insert 12 and/or the knife bar 15 and be in the coolant fluid passage is provided in the space that provides in them.Edge bearing can or be processed into suitable shape by preform.Cooling duct 16 its inlet 18 places that are communicated with passage 16 fluids and therein cooling fluid leave passage 16 its to export 10 places be open.Preferably passage 16 does not comprise any porous material.18 fluids that enter the mouth are communicated with cooling duct 16 and such as the optional restriction 19 of nozzle or throttle orifice.Restriction 19 can (a) help the metering cooling fluid, (b) by significant pressure drop is provided, guarantee more stable flowing when cooling fluid passes the passage of restriction 19 upstreams, (c) by inducing the Rayleigh unstability, strengthen liquid phase and be split into the liquid mist, (d) promote the vaporization of importing cooling fluid to atomize with pressure drop, the pressure drop meeting reduces boiling point and produces the steam bubble and liquid is broken separately in liquid, (e) in addition in the area of low pressure, because the low boiling of downstream cryogenic liquid strengthens the heat removal of cooling surface by strengthening temperature contrast.Restriction can be served as potential device.As shown in fig. 1, before coolant fluid is finally flowed through contact volume portion 32, at least a portion of restriction 19 and passage 16 guides the coolant fluid of importing on perpendicular to the direction of 12 bottoms 21 of inserting, this contact volume portion 32 is that dish-shaped container cavity 32 as passage 16 parts is (in optional embodiment in the present embodiment, contact volume portion can be equipped with the shape that heat is transmitted between any parts that can increase cooling agent and knife bar, as has the passage of fin.Alternatively, if desired, contact volume portion can keep the size identical with passage).As shown in the figure, dish-shaped contact volume portion 32 is positioned in the passage 16 parallel and be contacted with 12 the bottom of inserting.After passing restriction 19, coolant fluid impacts 12 the bottom 21 of inserting, and makes coolant fluid be split into liquid mist or drop, thereby helps to break through the steam layer that may form and therefore strengthen heat transmission on basal surface 21.The division of cooling fluid can be seethed with excitement by step-down on conduit wall and be realized, or surface (Rayleigh) unstability when passing restriction 19 by fluid realizes.Restriction 19 in the passage 16 is shown and is arranged in device 1.Restriction 19 can be positioned in the knife bar 15, in the edge bearing 13 or insert in 12 or between knife bar 15 and the edge bearing 13, insert 12 and knife bar 15 between or insert 12 and edge bearing 13 between.Restriction 19 can provide pressure drop in passage 16.Alternatively or extraly, passage 16 can 18 16 reduce and as potential device to outlet 10 along passage from entering the mouth by shaped design being become to make pressure.
As shown in Figure 2, cooling duct 16 has outlet 10, and this outlet is by carrying out forming such as the forming technology of processing, cutting or bore hole to edge bearing 13, perhaps inserts pipe fitting therein or other pipeline forms.Outlet 10 forms direct coolant and leaves workpiece or leave at least processed at short notice surface of the work, that is to say, leaves surface of the work, especially leaves the discontinuities edge of cutting edge front.
As shown in Figure 2, passage is in the inside of knife bar 15 and edge bearing 13, and the cooling that is obtained by cooling fluid directly contacts cutting insert 12; Yet between cooling fluid and 12 the cutting edge 14 inserted, still have mediate contact.The inlet 18 that makes coolant fluid enter knife bar 15 is positioned at the bottom 35 of knife bar 15, and enter the mouth 18 and wherein the direction of coolant flow perpendicular to inserting 12 bottom 21.
Edge bearing 13 can be made by any suitable material as known in the art, for example tungsten carbide-cobalt (WC-Co), tool steel or high-speed steel (HSS).Knife bar 15 is also made by any suitable material that oneself knows in this area.
Fig. 3 has shown an embodiment, and wherein cooling duct 16 is closed in the edge bearing 13.Passage 16 is also in knife bar inside.As the embodiment shown in Fig. 1 and 2,, outlet 10 guide any cooling agent to leave soon by device 1 surface of the work of processing thereby being formed on the side.
Fig. 4 has shown an embodiment, and wherein cooling duct 16 is arranged in knife bar 15 and in abutting connection with edge bearing 13.But Fig. 4 has shown the arrangement of cooling duct 16.Passage 16 is parallel to the bottom 21 of inserting and partly defines (towards this bottom opening) by the bottom 43 of pad 13.The inlet 18 of passage 16 is positioned the dorsal part 44 of knife bar 15.ANALYSIS OF COOLANT FLOW is in passage 16 and contact the bottom 43 of edge bearing 13.
Fig. 5 has shown an embodiment of apparatus of the present invention 1, and wherein cooling duct 16 is arranged in knife bar 15.In the embodiment shown in fig. 5, the cooling that is provided by coolant fluid will give edge bearing 13 indirectly, give cutting tool 12 indirectly, and give cutting edge 14 indirectly.
Fig. 6 has shown an embodiment, and wherein cooling duct 16 is positioned at cutting insert 12 at least in part.In this device, cooling duct 16 is positioned near the cutting edge 14, under the rake 27.Cutting insert is made into its inside and has cooling duct 16.In edge bearing 13 or knife bar 15, make the advantage that cooling duct 16 may exist and be that edge bearing 13 and knife bar 15 can use with many kinds of standard cutting inserts 12 usually relatively with cutting insert 12; Therefore do not require and use special use, fluting or hollow inserting.Yet cooling duct 16 is to make the coolant fluid of cutting edge 14 and passage 16 soak into distance minimization between the wall in the advantage in 12 of inserting, and this can guarantee best cooling effect.Although coolant fluid is very near cutting edge 14, cooling remains indirect.Directly cooling can be undertaken by injection or other mode, makes coolant fluid directly contact the outer surface of cutting edge 14.
Fig. 7 has shown an embodiment, does not wherein use edge bearing.Cooling duct 16 demonstrations are in knife bar 15 inside and are adjacent to cutting insert.Except removing edge bearing, identical with shown in Fig. 1 and 2 of the embodiment shown in Fig. 7.
Fig. 8 has shown a device of the present invention, is one and is equipped with as the rotation of inserting of milling cutter, drift or drill bit or fixing cutting tool.Device 11 comprises the knife bar 15 of supporting cutting insert 12 and optional edge bearing 13, and this edge bearing is between knife bar 15 and cutting insert 12.Be used to contact a part that is shown as cutting insert 12 with the cutting edge 14 of cutting workpiece.Have the passage 16 that is used for the inlet 18 that coolant fluid flows and be shown direct contact between the surface that coolant fluid and cutting insert 12 are provided, this surface is relative with the cutting edge 14 of cutting insert 12.Cooling duct 16 has outlet 10, and this outlet provides outlet 10 to form by the shape of design edge bearing 13 and knife bar 15.Outlet 10 is formed the surface of the work that guides the cooling agent that flows out to leave soon processed (cutting).
In the optional distortion of any embodiment of the present invention, the coolant fluid of outflow can be directed on the surface of the work of having processed, and be not about on the processed surface.In this distortion, the coolant fluid of outflow can help to remove the smear metal of fracture ideally below cutter, and can prevent the development of residual-tensile stress at machined surface ideally.
In the most of embodiment that illustrates, outlet 10 will be discharged to the side of cutting edge 14 with the cooling fluid of crossing.Alternatively, can be positioned at the bottom (forcing fluid to form the U-shaped bending) of knife bar 15 or in any direction with the outlet of the cooling fluid of crossing, though preferably substantially all, if not all, all be directed breaking away from the cooling fluid of mistake and be about to processed surface of the work (cutting edge front).The material of cutting edge front is those materials that will be cut in current processing passage (pass) or ensuing several processing passage.The material of cutting edge back is those before or the material that has been cut in the current processing passage.In addition, with the best position of having passed the contact volume portion of passage apart from coolant fluid of the outlet of the cooling fluid of crossing short distance is arranged, otherwise can the temperature to cutting edge exert an influence by the other parts of direct contact cutting insert, edge bearing or cutter.
The specific embodiment of this device can be made with the standardized element of band minor modifications.For the embodiment shown in Fig. 1 and 2, do not need cutting tool 12 is made amendment, and only provide coolant channel 16 knife bar 15 minor modifications.Edge bearing 13 can be shaped by processing or alternate manner, with the outlet 10 outside the cooling fluid passing away 16 that forms at least one cooling duct 16 and be used for using.
In order to realize that the step-down temperature reduces and makes temperature difference maximization between the cooling wall of cutting edge 14 and passage 16, the entire cross section area of outlet should be greater than the cross section of restriction 19.Relative size between restriction and the outlet, (a) help the metering cooling fluid, (b) pressure upstream by keeping promoting, guarantee coolant fluid (as cryogen) more stable flowing when the piping upstream, (c) by inducing the Rayleigh unstability in the coolant fluid, impel liquid phase to be split into the liquid mist, (d) reduce the vaporization atomizing that promotes to import cooling fluid by pressure, thereby this pressure drop meeting reduces boiling point and produces the steam bubble at the liquid internal of coolant fluid liquid is broken separately, (e) in addition, in the area of low pressure, because the low boiling of coolant fluid downstream liquid (as cryogenic liquid) strengthens the heat removal of cooling surface by strengthening the temperature difference.
For this disclosed purpose, when making cutting force drop to cutting force peaked (in discontinuities is under the situation in space, and cutting force will reduce to zero) below 50% off and on owing to cutting edge through discontinuities, discontinuities is defined as being present in the workpiece material.In the feeding plane, the size of discontinuities must be enough big with respect to the curvature of cutting edge, thereby make cutter process discontinuities under the power effect of cutter.The example of material of band discontinuities comprises the fluting rod, non-round roller, the ring in band keyway or hole, gear, the synthetic part that is used for cluster engine such as cast iron and aluminium alloy, distinctive feature is that big silicon crystal is distributed in the transcocrystallized Al-Si alloy in eutectic aluminum-silicon array, the particle that sclerosis is strengthened or the size of inclusion is equivalent in the feeding plane or greater than the metal and the non-metallic composite material of cutting tool radius of curvature, porous sintered part, the porous sintered part that aperture is filled by polymer material and the tool steel of specific grade, wherein their primary carbide size is very big, is equivalent to or surpasses the radius of curvature of cutting tool in the feeding plane.Another example of interrupted cut in the scope of the invention is the erose workpiece of eccentric turning, the splice parameters of cutter in material wherein, and promptly penetraction depth or feed speed or the two all have, and all can change in each rotary course.
This method also comprise will comprise the coolant fluid of liquid nitrogen introduce at least one step that is positioned near the cooling duct the cutting edge of inserting, this cooling duct can be near to or in contact with the bottom of inserting.The cooling duct can be near the one or more positions the cutting edge, can be in knife bar inside and below rake.The contact volume portion of passage and/or passage can be positioned between (a) cutting insert and the edge bearing, (b) between cutting insert and the knife bar, and (c) between edge bearing and the knife bar, (d) in the cutting insert, (e) in the edge bearing, and (f) in the knife bar.
Coolant fluid can be the cold a little excessively coolant fluid (for example liquid nitrogen) or a kind of saturated two-phase mixture of coolant fluid (for example liquid nitrogen and the GN 2) preferably.When it passes optional restriction, cold a little excessively coolant fluid (for example liquid nitrogen) will be split into the liquid mist or the drop of gas form.Restriction is attempted atomized liquid cooling agent (for example nitrogen) to form liquid mist or drop.The two-phase mixture of a kind of liquids and gases cooling agent (for example nitrogen) will comprise liquid mist or drop.Liquid is split into liquid mist or drop and can be realized by decompression boiling on conduit wall, or is realized because of surface (Rayleigh) unstability of passing nozzle and throttle orifice and producing by liquid.The wall of liquid mist or droplet impact cooling duct is to improve heat transmission.
Because with the thermal inertia of heat from inserting of conducting of cutting edge and optional edge bearing, mobile and pressure fluctuation small in cooling agent (for example liquid nitrogen) supply is acceptable, for example 5 second cycle, also cool off the beginning back flow of coolant of inserting up to the beginning processing work and arrive stable state.Method and apparatus of the present invention can improve cutter life when adopting traditional dried cutting or immersion to carry out interrupted cut (processing).
The present invention also can be used for processing non-interrupted workpiece.The present invention also can be used for processing non-interrupted workpiece.It is useful that method and apparatus of the present invention is used for non-interrupted workpiece, for the smear metal meeting block with the outside submergence of cooling agent or injection be provided to insert and/or workpiece on the situation of nozzle, perhaps 2) the outside submergence of cooling agent or spray when can't cool off the smear metal that next can strengthen the cut channel degree of depth.For non-interrupted cut, method of the present invention lacks the liquid nitrogen spray on cutting edge and workpiece, as application number be instruct in 2002/0189413 the United States Patent (USP), be hereby incorporated by.
Can be in the cooling duct of contact volume portion at least one, at least a portion of liquid coolant (as nitrogen) is evaporated the synthetic fluid that comprises gas and liquid coolant with generation.Because the small size of passage, not every liquid coolant all can evaporate.When cooling agent (as liquid nitrogen) can not get abundant cooling when evaporating fully.
Suitable coolant flow speed can be determined by range estimation.The flow velocity of cooling agent is regulated by in the control over supply pressure and the sub-cooled number of degrees at least one.When discharge at 10 places be called as synthetic fluid to synthesize fluid be limpid with the cooling agent of crossing the time, that indicates does not have evaporation in the cooling duct, and coolant flow speed is too high or cooling agent (for example low temperature) supply system in cooling agent be subjected to cold excessively sub-cooled.If what discharge at 10 places is the liquid/gas mixture of turning white with the cooling agent of crossing (synthetic fluid), illustrate that the flow velocity that has evaporation and cooling agent in the cooling duct is gratifying.If the cooling agent with crossing of discharging at 10 places does not have liquid phase, flow velocity may be too low.In order to ensure satisfied flow conditions, can use water fender.The synthetic fluid impact metal water fender of discharging at 10 places.If fluid coolant (for example cold-producing medium) gathers onboard and drips after the operation a little while, flow velocity is satisfied.In case suitable cooling agent (cryogenic coolant or liquid CO
2) flow velocity determines that cutting tool promptly can be used for processing.
Another step of the present invention is to discharge the cooling agent of using on a direction of leaving workpiece substantially, thereby make that the edge of discontinuities (can not arranged to air or arrange to a collection container that is used in other local recycling, if desired) with the cooling agent of crossing with the coolant cools of crossing substantially under pressure.This can prevent the sclerosis at material discontinuities edge, and the high impact forces on this sclerosis can cause inserting, and the acceleration damage and the destruction that therefore cause cutter are destroyed in the mode of fracture usually.Handle cold-producing medium at the lip-deep normally acceptable that flows of finished work.In fact, this helps the removal of smear metal residual stress sometimes, but as in the plug-in type drilling (indexible insert drilling) of milling or calibration.
Following experimental example is provided and is used for describing the present invention and unrestricted its scope.
Example 1
Use dry and interrupted cut that ceramic insert uncooled ceramic insert and use cooling carries out
Fig. 9 has shown the side damage with respect to relatively cheap aluminum oxide tool of cutting time, alleged black ceramic (Al
2O
3) insert respectively under dried machining condition, and adopt under liquid nitrogen of the present invention (LIN) cooling condition and carry out, wherein the latter's cooling duct is arranged in edge bearing as shown in Figure 1.Workpiece material is that (heat treatment hardens to 50-56HRc) to 52100 bearing steels.Discontinuities in the workpiece is a 4.76mm otch.The degree of depth of otch is 0.178mm, and feed speed is the 0.127mm revolution, and speed is per minute 396 surface cut rice, typical hard cutting industrial condition.The situation of the side damage of doing cutting when using LIN according to the present invention to cool off.Under dried machining condition, it is cracked in about 2.25 minutes in operation to insert, and under the LIN cooling condition, it is cracked in about 4.5 minutes to insert.Employing is according to cooling means of the present invention, and cutter life has prolonged about 100%.
Example 2
The interrupted cut of using the PCBN of drying and submergence to insert and using the ceramic insert of cooling to carry out
The data that Figure 10 presents demonstrate the cutting insert front end damage with respect to the discontinuities number, inserting at the relatively costly polycrystal cubic boron nitride (PCBN) of use respectively experiences dry and emulsion submergence cutting, and use cheap aluminium oxide insert (ZC4) adopt LIN cooling of the present invention to cut under the condition of (front end is the part of cutting tool, is designated as 34 in Fig. 1) to carry out.The PCBN recommended interrupted process operation that is used for of inserting usually.Notch depth is 0.178mm, and feed speed is the 0.127mm revolution, and speed is per minute 274 surface cut rice, typical hard cutting industrial condition.Identical in workpiece material and the example 1.The discontinuities of workpiece is the otch of 4.76mm.PCBN inserts when drying is used with respect to the emulsion submergence of using such as traditional emulsified material, lubricating and cutting fluid, has longer cutter life, and this cooling that shows the discontinuities edge has negative effect to cutter life.The ceramic insert of cooling has the cutter life of obviously being longer than PCBN/ drying and PCBN/ submergence under equal machining condition according to the present invention.This test specification adopts according to cooling of the present invention, and cheap alumina-based ceramic is inserted and can be had the longer cutter life of inserting than PCBN, though ceramic insert has the lower fracture toughness of inserting than PCBN.
The present invention is illustrated in conjunction with some embodiment.Other embodiment is conspicuous for those of ordinary skill of the present invention, also comprises within the scope of protection of present invention.
Claims (19)
1. one kind has the method for the workpiece of discontinuities with cutting insert (12) cutting, and described cutting insert (12) has cutting edge (14), and described cutting insert is clamped in the knife bar, said method comprising the steps of:
Make the described cutting edge (14) of described inserting (12) contact described workpiece;
Introduce step, be specially coolant fluid is introduced near at least one passage (16) that is in the described cutting edge (14) of described inserting (12) to cool off described cutting edge (14); And
Discharge step, be specially from described at least one passage and discharge synthetic fluid;
It is characterized in that,
The pressure of described coolant fluid is reduced pressure with the dropping equipment that is positioned at described at least one passage (16), make described coolant fluid in described at least one passage (16), experience local at least phase transformation;
Described at least one passage is discharged the direction of synthetic fluid, is the direction on surface of leaving the described workpiece of described cutting edge front.
2. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that after described introducing step in the step that before the described discharge step is at least a portion of the described coolant fluid of vaporization in described at least one passage (16).
3. the method for claim 1, it is characterized in that, for described introducing step, described at least one passage (16) is positioned at least one position, and this position is from by between cutting insert (12) and the knife bar (15), in the cutting insert (12), choose the group formed in the knife bar (15).
4. the method for claim 1, it is characterized in that, described knife bar (15) also comprises edge bearing (13), and for described introducing step, described at least one passage (16) is positioned at least one position, and described position is from by between cutting insert (12) and the edge bearing (13), between edge bearing (13) and the knife bar (15), choose the group formed in the edge bearing (13).
5. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, comprises gaseous coolant and liquid coolant at synthetic fluid described in the described discharge step.
6. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, described coolant fluid is to choose from the group of being made up of nitrogen, carbon dioxide, argon and their mixture.
7. method as claimed in claim 6 is characterized in that described coolant fluid is a cryogen.
8. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, is the flow through step of the restriction (19) in described at least one passage (16) of coolant fluid before described introducing step.
9. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, coolant fluid is being introduced step than being under the higher pressure in the discharge step.
10. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, described inserting (12) comprises oxide containing ceramic.
11. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, described inserting (12) comprises polycrystal cubic boron nitride PCBN or silicon carbide whisker reinforcement aluminium oxide SiC
W-Al
2O
3
12. be used for the device of cutting workpiece, comprise knife bar (15) and cutting insert (12), described cutting insert (12) has cutting edge (14), described cutting insert (12) is clamped in the described knife bar (15), described device comprises that also one is near the coolant fluid passage (16) of described cutting edge (14), is used for cooling off indirectly described cutting edge; It is characterized in that described passage (16) comprises the dropping equipment that is positioned at described passage, thereby make that described coolant fluid will the local at least phase transformation of (16) experience in passage.
13. device as claimed in claim 12 is characterized in that, described passage (16) is positioned at least one position, and this position is from by between cutting insert (12) and the knife bar (15), in the cutting insert (12), choose the group formed in the knife bar (15).
14. device as claimed in claim 12, it is characterized in that, described knife bar (15) also comprises edge bearing (13), described passage (16) is positioned at least one position, and this position is from by between cutting insert (12) and the edge bearing (13), between edge bearing (13) and the knife bar (15), choose the group formed in the edge bearing (13).
15. device as claimed in claim 12 is characterized in that, described dropping equipment is restriction (19).
16. device as claimed in claim 12 is characterized in that, described passage (16) comprises inlet (18) and outlet (10), and described dropping equipment is that outlet diameter is greater than described inlet diameter.
17. device as claimed in claim 12 is characterized in that, described inserting (12) comprises oxide containing ceramic.
18. device as claimed in claim 12 is characterized in that, described inserting (12) comprises polycrystal cubic boron nitride PCBN or silicon carbide whisker reinforcement aluminium oxide SiC
W-Al
2O
3
19. device as claimed in claim 12 is characterized in that, described coolant fluid is chosen from the group of being made up of nitrogen, carbon dioxide, argon and their mixture.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US61101504P | 2004-09-16 | 2004-09-16 | |
| US60/611015 | 2004-09-16 | ||
| US11/221718 | 2005-09-09 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1768989A CN1768989A (en) | 2006-05-10 |
| CN100460113C true CN100460113C (en) | 2009-02-11 |
Family
ID=36390348
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB200510119994XA Active CN100460113C (en) | 2004-09-16 | 2005-09-16 | Method and apparatus for cutting workpieces with the provision of cooling of the cutting tool |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN100460113C (en) |
| BR (1) | BRPI0506082A (en) |
| ZA (1) | ZA200507492B (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE112021002569T5 (en) | 2020-04-27 | 2023-05-04 | Ondokuz Mayis Universitesi | INTELLIGENT CUTTING TOOL MODULE FOR CNC LATHES |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SE530579C2 (en) * | 2006-11-28 | 2008-07-08 | Sandvik Intellectual Property | Tools and basic body for multi-channel chip separation machining |
| US8061241B2 (en) * | 2009-04-06 | 2011-11-22 | Creare Incorporated | Indirect cooling of a cutting tool |
| US10300532B2 (en) * | 2017-06-26 | 2019-05-28 | Kennametal Inc. | Clamp for tool holder |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1031498A (en) * | 1986-08-29 | 1989-03-08 | 尤蒂康系统公司 | High speed machine method for processing and device |
| EP0534450A2 (en) * | 1991-09-27 | 1993-03-31 | Iscar Ltd. | A metal cutting tool |
| US5237894A (en) * | 1991-10-22 | 1993-08-24 | Cleveland State University | Material machining with improved fluid jet assistance |
| CN1182657A (en) * | 1996-11-18 | 1998-05-27 | 桑德维克公司 | Internal cooling cutter for chip-removing working of machine tool |
| CN1213993A (en) * | 1996-02-15 | 1999-04-14 | 哈比特钻石有限公司 | Machining tool and method for forming same |
| CN1512928A (en) * | 2001-05-31 | 2004-07-14 | �����뻯ѧ��Ʒ��˾ | Apparatus and method for machining with cryogenically cooling oxide-containing ceramic cutting tools |
-
2005
- 2005-09-16 BR BRPI0506082-6A patent/BRPI0506082A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2005-09-16 CN CNB200510119994XA patent/CN100460113C/en active Active
- 2005-09-16 ZA ZA200507492A patent/ZA200507492B/en unknown
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1031498A (en) * | 1986-08-29 | 1989-03-08 | 尤蒂康系统公司 | High speed machine method for processing and device |
| EP0534450A2 (en) * | 1991-09-27 | 1993-03-31 | Iscar Ltd. | A metal cutting tool |
| US5237894A (en) * | 1991-10-22 | 1993-08-24 | Cleveland State University | Material machining with improved fluid jet assistance |
| CN1213993A (en) * | 1996-02-15 | 1999-04-14 | 哈比特钻石有限公司 | Machining tool and method for forming same |
| CN1182657A (en) * | 1996-11-18 | 1998-05-27 | 桑德维克公司 | Internal cooling cutter for chip-removing working of machine tool |
| CN1512928A (en) * | 2001-05-31 | 2004-07-14 | �����뻯ѧ��Ʒ��˾ | Apparatus and method for machining with cryogenically cooling oxide-containing ceramic cutting tools |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE112021002569T5 (en) | 2020-04-27 | 2023-05-04 | Ondokuz Mayis Universitesi | INTELLIGENT CUTTING TOOL MODULE FOR CNC LATHES |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| ZA200507492B (en) | 2007-05-30 |
| BRPI0506082A (en) | 2006-05-23 |
| CN1768989A (en) | 2006-05-10 |
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