CN100457253C - Fluidized bed reactor used for Fischer-Tropsch synthesis - Google Patents
Fluidized bed reactor used for Fischer-Tropsch synthesis Download PDFInfo
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- CN100457253C CN100457253C CNB2006100236151A CN200610023615A CN100457253C CN 100457253 C CN100457253 C CN 100457253C CN B2006100236151 A CNB2006100236151 A CN B2006100236151A CN 200610023615 A CN200610023615 A CN 200610023615A CN 100457253 C CN100457253 C CN 100457253C
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a fluidized bed reactor which can be continuously operated for Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reaction. Said reactor includes inlet gas distributor component which is formed from gas-distributing tube or tube group and nozzle or formed from gas-distributing tube or tube group and gas-distributing plate for making gas uniform distribution; one layer or several layers of heat exchanger components for heating/cooling bed layers; and gas-solid separator component for removing catalyst granules entrapped in the gas. Said reactor also includes catalyst outlet and catalyst on-line inlet.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of synthetic fluidized bed reactor arrangement of Fischer-Tropsch that is used for, belong to chemical industry equipment device field.
Background technology
Fluidized-bed reactor has obtained extensive use in chemical process.Particularly, relatively ripe for the application of catalytic cracking fluid bed in the petrochemistry field.Promptly adopt bottom feed, make the catalyst in reactor fluidized-bed layer carry out fluidisation, the gas-solid separator by the top comes out the particle separation of carrying secretly in the gas.Its gas-solid separator of the patent of having delivered generally adopts cyclone separator, and emulsion zone is generally all inserted in its bottom, and its shortcoming causes the efficient of gas-solid separator to reduce for being subjected to the interference of emulsion zone bed disturbance easily.In addition, cause particle excretory duct bottom flutter valve easily, cause separator to lose efficacy, and judge that the operating mode difficulty is big by the particle jam.Also having the online adding and the discharge mode of partial monopoly catalyst is to adopt the ciculation fluidized mode of external catalyst to carry out, and the problem of its existence is the operation more complicated, and temperature of reactor control difficulty is big.
The Fischer-Tropsch building-up process is to react on catalyst with the synthesis gas that is rich in hydrogen and carbon monoxide to generate the process of hydrocarbon mixture.This process reaction thermal discharge is big, the product complexity, and, need regularly carry out the online updating of catalyst because the catalyst average life span is shorter than the catalyst of general chemical process.If the fluidized-bed reactor of common form is used for Fischer-Tropsch synthesis, is difficult to guarantee the efficient of gas solid separation and the stability of operation.
Summary of the invention
Purpose of the present invention be exactly provide in order to overcome the defective that above-mentioned prior art exists a kind of gas solid separation efficient height, stable operation, be easy to control be used for the synthetic fluidized-bed reactor of Fischer-Tropsch.
Purpose of the present invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions:
A kind of synthetic fluidized-bed reactor of Fischer-Tropsch that is used for is made up of reactor shell and three kinds of inner members: inlet gas distributor, heat exchanger, the solid separator of working off one's feeling vent one's spleen at least;
Described inlet gas distributor is made up of gas distribution tube or pipe group and the downward nozzle of several perforates, perhaps is made up of gas distribution tube or pipe group and gas distribution grid;
Described heat exchanger is made up of one or more layers heat exchanger tube, and heat exchanger tube adopts helical disk tubular type or circuitous multipass formula: the heat exchanger tube of helical disk tubular type is the multi-turn coil pipe concentric with reactor, and heat transferring medium flows in coil pipe inside spin formula; To be many vertical heat exchanger tubes combine by connecting bend up and down winding type multipass heat exchanger tube, every group of circuitous up and down flowing of heat exchange liquid in pipe, and the heat exchanger tube of this pattern is provided with one or more groups on same cross section;
The described solid separator of working off one's feeling vent one's spleen adopts cyclone separator or porous media filter, the perhaps combination of cyclone separator and porous media filter.
Described reactor shell bottom is provided with outer coil pipe, feeds cooling medium or heat medium to keep the operating temperature of reactor.
Described reactor shell is provided with at least one online interpolation mouth of pipe, is used in reactor adding fresh catalyst or as the material of inert media; Reactor is provided with at least one online discharging mouth of pipe, is used for exhaust catalyst, cooperates with the operation of online interpolation pipe, guarantees the stable of catalyst physical and chemical performance, fluidized-bed layer height and catalyst concn.
The design of described inlet gas distributor guarantees that the operation pressure drop is 0.01～0.1MPa.
Institute's flow media is cooling medium or heat medium in the heat exchanger tube parts of described heat exchanger.
The cyclone separator of the described solid separator of working off one's feeling vent one's spleen mainly is made up of cyclone body and particle excretory duct.
The cyclone separator of the described solid separator of working off one's feeling vent one's spleen can be one or more levels.
The filter medium that the porous media filter of the described solid separator of working off one's feeling vent one's spleen uses adopts porous sintered metal, porous sintered ceramic or other forms of porous media, adopt the concrete parameter of which kind of porous media and porous media, determine according to the particle size and the filtration pressure drop of catalyst.
The porous media filter of the described solid separator of working off one's feeling vent one's spleen can be one or more levels.
The operating condition that described reactor is suitable for is, the solid particle granularity is 1～200 μ m, and catalyst concn is 10～50wt%, and linear gas velocity is 0.2～0.8m/s, 270～380 ℃ of temperature, pressure 1.5～5.0MPa.
Described particle excretory duct bottom is provided with the flutter valve of weight-driven, and a place or many places gas purging mechanism are set on flutter valve place or particle excretory duct.
Compared with prior art, the present invention makes the control of fluidized-bed reactor more flexible by the rational structure setting, has reduced the loss of catalyst, and the operating temperature of reactor is even, and operating parameter is easy to control; The gas-solid separating device that adopts is not subjected to the influence of fluidized-bed layer substantially, and has reduced the probability of bottom flutter valve jam, and the industry operation is more reliable.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a structural representation that is used for the synthetic reactor of Fischer-Tropsch.
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of cyclone separator.
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of gas distributor.
Fig. 4 is the reactor schematic diagram of band porous media filter.
The specific embodiment
Fischer-Tropsch resultant current fluidized bed reactor utilizes the synthesis gas of hydrogen and carbon monoxide, carrying out Fischer-Tropsch synthesis under the effect of catalyst and under 300～400 ℃, the operating condition of 2.0～5.0MPa, generates a series of hydrocarbon compound.Hydrocarbon compound is discharged from reactor with the form of gas, obtains thick oil product then after Quench, flash distillation, separation, filtration.
Fischer-Tropsch synthesis is strong exothermic process, need enough effective heat exchange measures in order to control temperature of reactor, for the stable operation that guarantees reactor needs in the reactor distribution of gas even, simultaneously because the catalyst in the reactor is a finely grained catalyst, for preventing that catalyst is entrained with reactor with reacted gas, need in reactor, to be provided with gas-solid separating device.
Embodiment 1
The following examples are a fluidized-bed reactor example of Fischer-Tropsch building-up process.Describe in conjunction with Fig. 1～Fig. 4.
As Fig. 1, synthesis reactor 1 comprises one deck heat exchanger tube 5 and cyclone separator 6.
Synthesis gas distributes from 2 pairs of gases of gas access distributor, and the size of designed nozzle diameter and number have guaranteed that gas is not less than 0.3bar by 2 pressure drops of gas access distributor, thereby gas can evenly be entered in the fluid bed.
From gas access distributor 2 upwards is heat exchanger tube 5, and its pattern is a winding type multipass heat exchanger tube.Fischer-Tropsch synthesis is exothermic reaction, and logical boiler feedwater in the heat exchanger tube 5 is taken away reaction heat by the boiler feedwater evaporation, makes reaction be in temperature constant state.When device is driven, feed steam in the heat exchanger tube 5 reactor is preheating to reaction temperature.
The position that is lower than heat exchanger tube 5 lower ends in reactor is provided with an online inlet 4 that adds of catalyst slurry, adds fresh catalyst as required.This process need cooperate the discharging of the online floss hole 3 of dead catalyst of bottom to carry out, stable with the physical and chemical performance, bed height and the catalyst concn that keep reactor catalyst.
Certain gas solid separation space is arranged from the gas access of cyclone separator 6 from catalyst fluidization bed top, after gas enters cyclone separator 6, the solid particle of the overwhelming majority all is deposited in cyclone separator 6 bottoms, the reactor bed that falls back then, gas goes out reactor from reactor head outlet 7.These cyclone separator 6 bottom positions have effectively reduced the disturbance of the variation of fluidized-bed layer density, fluidized state etc. to cyclone separator 6 at dilute-phase zone.
Catalyst particle mean size in this fluidized-bed reactor is 60 μ m, reaction bed density 600kg/m
3380 ℃ of operate typical temperature, operate typical pressure 3.0MPa.
Fig. 2 is the built-in cyclone separator 6 of fluidized-bed reactor 7, is made up of cyclonic separation body 8, particle excretory duct 9, flutter valve 10.The bottom of particle excretory duct 9 extend into the reaction bed emulsion zone or at the dilute-phase zone of reaction bed.On the differing heights of particle excretory duct 9, be provided with gas purging mechanism 11, to prevent in the particle excretory duct 9 that material is built bridge or flutter valve 10 is blocked cyclone separator 6 decrease in efficiency that cause the gas short circuit to be caused by particle in switching process.
Fig. 3 is the gas distributor structural representation.As shown in Figure 3, reacting gas laterally enters space between bottom bulkhead 13 and the false plate 14 from gas access house steward 12, spray downwards from the open tube 15 of centre, arrive behind bottom bulkhead 13 bottoms again baffling upwards by being fixed on the vapor riser 16 on the false plate 14, enter distribution of gas house steward 17, enter distribution of gas arm 18 then, again by nozzle 19 ejections vertically downward of several openings, gas baffling upwards passes through reaction bed uniformly after arriving false plate 14 upper surfaces.
Because distribution of gas nozzle 19 is under shed, effectively prevented the blockage problem of solid when tolerance reduces or lose gas.And because the false plate of supporting 14 bottom surfaces are smooth, and the distance between nozzle 19 and the false plate 14 is very little, catalyst is difficult in bottom deposit, has kept the suspended state of catalyst, thereby has avoided exothermal reaction process because the overheated situation of the current situation portion that deposits of catalyst.
The implementation result of the described reactor of present embodiment is as follows:
Operation is two months continuously, stable temperature control;
The online discharging of catalyst and interpolation operation are freely;
Cooling tube is reasonable in design, and drum system byproduct steam is stable, and operating temperature is easy to adjust when fluctuation occurring
Built-in cyclone separator is effective, and the gas solid content behind the separating solids is little, and separative efficiency reaches more than 99.5%, and the catalyst loss amount is few
Fischer-tropsch reaction is effective at the reactor internal reaction, H
2+ CO total conversion remains on more than 82%, and the C5+ selectivity is not less than 45%.
The following examples are the fluidized-bed reactor porous metal filter example of Fischer-Tropsch building-up process gas solid separation.Describe in conjunction with Fig. 4.Reactor operating condition, catalyst grain size and configuration aspects are identical with embodiment 1, do not exist together for cyclone separator is replaced with porous metal filter.
As shown in Figure 4, porous metal filter 20 is made of the metal sintering filter core in this example, places the dilute-phase zone of reactor.The filter core material that adopts is 316SS, and size φ 50 * 800, and specification is 3 μ m, 24.Gas at first filters by porous metal filter 20, and the gas after the filtration enters by the adapter on the suspension flange 21 and goes out reactor after collection chamber 22 converges.
The implementation result of the described filter of present embodiment is as follows:
Operation is 1 month continuously, and reactor is operated freely, the excessive situation of pressure reduction when not occurring gas by porous filter;
Built-in porous metal filter filter effect reaches requirement, and the gas-solid particle diameter behind the separating solids is less than 2 μ m, and the catalyst loss amount is few.
Other performance of reactor is consistent with embodiment 1.
Claims (11)
1. one kind is used for the synthetic fluidized-bed reactor of Fischer-Tropsch, is made up of reactor shell and at least three kinds of inner members: inlet gas distributor, heat exchanger, the solid separator of working off one's feeling vent one's spleen;
Described inlet gas distributor is made up of gas distribution tube and the downward nozzle of several perforates, perhaps is made up of gas distribution tube and gas distribution grid;
Described heat exchanger is made up of one or more layers heat exchanger tube, and heat exchanger tube adopts helical disk tubular type or circuitous multipass formula: the heat exchanger tube of helical disk tubular type is the multi-turn coil pipe concentric with reactor, and heat transferring medium flows in coil pipe inside spin formula; To be many vertical heat exchanger tubes combine by connecting bend up and down circuitous multipass formula heat exchanger tube, every group of circuitous up and down flowing of heat exchange liquid in pipe, and the heat exchanger tube of this circuitous multipass formula is provided with one or more groups on same cross section;
The described solid separator of working off one's feeling vent one's spleen adopts cyclone separator or porous media filter, the perhaps combination of cyclone separator and porous media filter.
2. the synthetic fluidized-bed reactor of Fischer-Tropsch that is used for according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described reactor shell bottom is provided with outer coil pipe, feeds cooling medium or heat medium to keep the operating temperature of reactor.
3. the synthetic fluidized-bed reactor of Fischer-Tropsch that is used for according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described reactor shell is provided with at least one online interpolation mouth of pipe, is used for adding fresh catalyst or as the material of inert media in reactor; Reactor is provided with at least one online discharging mouth of pipe, is used for exhaust catalyst, cooperates with the operation of online interpolation pipe, guarantees the stable of catalyst physical and chemical performance, fluidized-bed layer height and catalyst concn.
4. the synthetic fluidized-bed reactor of Fischer-Tropsch that is used for according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the design of described inlet gas distributor guarantees that the operation pressure drop is 0.01～0.1MPa.
5. the synthetic fluidized-bed reactor of Fischer-Tropsch that is used for according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the medium that flows in the heat exchanger tube parts of described heat exchanger is cooling medium or heat medium.
6. the synthetic fluidized-bed reactor of Fischer-Tropsch that is used for according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the cyclone separator of the described solid separator of working off one's feeling vent one's spleen mainly is made up of cyclone body and particle excretory duct.
7. the synthetic fluidized-bed reactor of Fischer-Tropsch that is used for according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the cyclone separator of the described solid separator of working off one's feeling vent one's spleen is one or more levels.
8. the synthetic fluidized-bed reactor of Fischer-Tropsch that is used for according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the filter medium that the porous media filter of the described solid separator of working off one's feeling vent one's spleen uses adopts porous sintered metal or porous sintered ceramic, adopt the concrete parameter of which kind of porous media and porous media, determine according to the particle size and the filtration pressure drop of catalyst.
9. the synthetic fluidized-bed reactor of Fischer-Tropsch that is used for according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the porous media filter of the described solid separator of working off one's feeling vent one's spleen is one or more levels.
10. the synthetic fluidized-bed reactor of Fischer-Tropsch that is used for according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the operating condition that described reactor is suitable for is, the solid particle granularity is 1～200 μ m, catalyst concn is 10～50wt%, linear gas velocity is 0.2～0.8m/s, 270～380 ℃ of temperature, pressure 1.5～5.0MPa.
11. the synthetic fluidized-bed reactor of Fischer-Tropsch that is used for according to claim 6 is characterized in that: described particle excretory duct bottom is provided with the flutter valve of weight-driven, and a place or many places gas purging mechanism are set on flutter valve place or particle excretory duct.
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| CN101396647B (en) * | 2007-09-29 | 2011-03-16 | 中科合成油技术有限公司 | Gas-liquid-solid three-phase suspended bed reactor for f-t synthesis and use thereof |
| CN101665395A (en) * | 2009-09-18 | 2010-03-10 | 清华大学 | Fluidized bed process and device for preparing methane by synthetic gas |
| CN102441351B (en) * | 2010-10-12 | 2015-09-02 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | A kind of slurry bed ft synthetic reactor |
| CN103785334A (en) * | 2012-11-02 | 2014-05-14 | 河北化大科技有限公司 | Large fluidized bed reactor |
| CN109651037B (en) * | 2017-10-10 | 2021-06-11 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Method for preparing low-carbon olefin from synthesis gas by adopting double reaction zones |
| CN107899519B (en) * | 2017-11-02 | 2020-09-29 | 中石化炼化工程（集团）股份有限公司 | System for Fischer-Tropsch synthesis and method for preparing low-carbon olefin from synthesis gas |
| CN111286355B (en) * | 2020-02-29 | 2021-09-10 | 上海兖矿能源科技研发有限公司 | Fluidized bed reactor for Fischer-Tropsch synthesis |
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Patent Citations (7)
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| JPH05214348A (en) * | 1991-09-09 | 1993-08-24 | Stone & Webster Eng Corp | Process and apparatus for separating fluidized cracking catalyst from hydrocarbon vapor |
| US5776416A (en) * | 1995-11-14 | 1998-07-07 | Tokuyama Corporation | Cyclone and fluidized bed reactor having same |
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Application publication date: 20060830 Assignee: Shaanxi Weilai Energy Chemical Co., Ltd. Assignor: Shanghai Yankuang Energy Source Science and Technology Research Development Co. Contract record no.: 2017310000029 Denomination of invention: Fluidized bed reactor used for Fischer-Tropsch synthesis Granted publication date: 20090204 License type: Common License Record date: 20170626 |
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