CN100455556C - Method for producing optically active carbonyl compounds - Google Patents

Method for producing optically active carbonyl compounds Download PDF

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CN100455556C
CN100455556C CNB200580007512XA CN200580007512A CN100455556C CN 100455556 C CN100455556 C CN 100455556C CN B200580007512X A CNB200580007512X A CN B200580007512XA CN 200580007512 A CN200580007512 A CN 200580007512A CN 100455556 C CN100455556 C CN 100455556C
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optically
catalyzer
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ketones
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T·约翰
O·勒伯尔
E·J·伯格纳
K·埃贝尔
K·哈特
C·瓦尔斯多夫
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BASF SE
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C45/00—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds
    • C07C45/002—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds by dehydrogenation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07B—GENERAL METHODS OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C07B2200/00—Indexing scheme relating to specific properties of organic compounds
    • C07B2200/07—Optical isomers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C2601/00—Systems containing only non-condensed rings
    • C07C2601/06—Systems containing only non-condensed rings with a five-membered ring
    • C07C2601/08—Systems containing only non-condensed rings with a five-membered ring the ring being saturated
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C2601/00—Systems containing only non-condensed rings
    • C07C2601/12—Systems containing only non-condensed rings with a six-membered ring
    • C07C2601/14—The ring being saturated
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C2601/00—Systems containing only non-condensed rings
    • C07C2601/12—Systems containing only non-condensed rings with a six-membered ring
    • C07C2601/16—Systems containing only non-condensed rings with a six-membered ring the ring being unsaturated

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  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
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Abstract

The invention relates to a method for producing optically active aldehydes or ketones containing between 3 and 25 carbon atoms comprising a least one racemisable stereocentre, by catalytic dehydrogenation of the corresponding optically active primary or secondary alcohols in the presence of a catalyst in the gas phase.

Description

The method for preparing optically active carbonyl compounds
The present invention relates to prepare method with optically-active aldehydes or ketones that 3-25 carbon atom and at least one can racemic stereocenter.
The chirality aldehydes or ketones is the important intermediate that is used to prepare many valuable compounds.They itself for example valuable material or the active compound in perfume compound and the flavouring agent industry is very important as application-specific.
Owing to be difficult to obtain, the chirality aldehydes or ketones with racemic form preparation or use, perhaps obtains from natural origin with the optically-active form usually.The industrial-scale production of optically-active aldehydes or ketones or reaction usually are subjected to strict restriction, because these compounds are chemically unstables, especially stereochemistry is unsettled, and be therefore incompatible with many industry and attractive economically technology and reaction conditions.
DE-A 199 11 169 has described by at high temperature the cyclic ketones dehydrogenation is prepared the method for ring-type alpha, beta-unsaturated ketone in gas phase in the presence of catalyzer.
WO 97/33853 relates in the presence of the catalyzer that comprises zinc oxide and lime carbonate in gas phase at high temperature the method with the ring-type dehydrogenating para-alcohol.
CN-A 1059710 and CN-A 1059711 have described in the presence of based on the catalyzer of CaO/ZnO by the iso-borneol dehydrogenation being prepared the method for camphor.This is reflected under the decompression of 0-60 holder and carries out.
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of method, this method can by dehydrogenation will have can racemic stereocenter optically-active alcohols be converted into corresponding optically-active aldehydes or ketones, and keep basically can racemic stereocenter absolute configuration.
According to the present invention, this purpose reaches by the method that provides a kind of preparation to have the optically-active aldehydes or ketones that 3-25 carbon atom and at least one can racemic stereocenter astoundingly, and described method is included under the existence of catalyzer in gas phase corresponding optically-active primary alconol or secondary alcohol catalytic dehydrogenation.
For the present invention, optically-active compound is itself or can rotates the compound of plane of polarization by their linearly polarized light under dissolved state.Compound with stereocenter is the non-racemic mixture of two kinds of enantiomorphs, that is, and and two kinds of mixtures that enantiomorph exists with inequality wherein.The suitable means of describing this situation are enantiomeric excess (ee), with proper method for example gas chromatography determination enantiomeric excess itself be well known by persons skilled in the art.
Term " can racemic stereocenter " refers in particular to the carbon atom of asymmetric replacement, and for example under the effect of acid or alkali or free radical, it can present (at least with intermediate form) triangle-plane configuration, has lost the initial volumetric chemical information in particular agent.Here especially can mention the asymmetric c atom that carries the hydrogen atom that three non-hydrogen substituting groups and can be for example captures by the alkali that is fit to.Other example that can mention is the tertiary alcohol center of asymmetric replacement.For the present invention, the asymmetric bridgehead atom of bridging dicyclo or polynuclear compound for example is can not be racemic.
Method of the present invention is suitable for having the optically-active primary alconol that 3-25 carbon atom and at least one can racemic stereocenter and the dehydrogenation of secondary alcohol.Under the situation of secondary alcohol reaction, described stereocenter is not meant the carbon atom of the alcohol functional group of carrying the dehydrogenation of wanting, and this carbon atom can be asymmetric replacement equally.If chiral alcohol uses with racemic form, corresponding racemize aldehyde and ketone have then successfully been obtained.Preferred chirality primary alconol or the secondary alcohol that adopts the optically-active form, and keep basically can racemic stereocenter configuration, promptly suppress basically to obtain corresponding optically-active aldehydes or ketones under the situation of racemization of this stereocenter.
This method for the optically-active form and have on respect to the α of the alcohol functional group of wanting dehydrogenation or β position can racemic stereocenter primary alconol or the reaction of secondary alcohol be particularly important.Adopt method of the present invention, have the aldehydes or ketones of stereocenter on α that can obtain formed carbonyl functional group by these primary alconols or secondary alcohol or the β position.Other replacement mode or the substituting group number of selected substrate are not strict with, and mostly just are subjected to the substituting group that will react or the restriction of the stability of compound under selected reaction conditions.
Method of the present invention can be used for especially that alicyclic or open chain primary alconol and dehydrogenating para-alcohol are corresponding optically-active aldehydes or ketones with optically-active, described primary alconol and secondary alcohol have at least one can racemic stereocenter, can be branching or non-branching, and can have 3-25, preferred 5-12 carbon atom.That at least one can racemic stereocenter, branching or non-branching, open chain or monocycle aldehydes or ketones have been obtained to have so according to the present invention.The alcohol of the dehydrogenation of wanting can also have one or more, general 1-3 olefinic double bond stable under reaction conditions.
The compound of being mentioned can be used as simplification compound or their mixture, especially under having more than the situation of the compound of stereocenter reaction as the mixture of diastereomer, be used for purpose of the present invention.
The preferred initial compounds that is used to implement the inventive method is the optically-active terpenol, and especially optically-active monoterpene or sesquiterpene alcohols promptly, have pure and mild their derivative of 5,10 or 15 carbon atoms.The example that can mention is following compound: 2-methyl fourth-1-alcohol, 3,7-dimethyl oct-6-ene-1-alcohol (geraniol), 3,7-dimethyl-octa-1-alcohol, 8-is right-menthene-3-alcohol (l-Isopulegol), right-menthane-3-alcohol (menthol), 2 methyl cyclohexanol, 3 methyl cyclohexanol, 2-methylcyclopentanol, the 3-methylcyclopentanol, 2,6-dimethyl cyclohexanol and 2,3-dimethyl cyclohexanol.
According to the present invention, obtain corresponding aldehydes or ketones by the compound of being mentioned by dehydrogenation; The example of this type of aldehyde and ketone is: 2-methyl fourth-1-aldehyde, 3,7-dimethyl oct-6-ene-1-aldehyde (geranial), 3,7-dimethyl-octa-1-aldehyde, 8-is right-menthene-3-ketone (isopulegone), right-menthane-3-ketone (piperitone), the 2-methylcyclohexanone, 3-methylcyclohexanone, 2-methyl-cyclopentanone, the 3-methyl-cyclopentanone, 2,6-dimethylcyclohexanon and 2,3-dimethylcyclohexanon.
This method especially can be used for the optically-active geraniol by formula (II):
Figure C20058000751200051
The optically-active geranial of preparation formula (I):
Figure C20058000751200052
Two kinds of enantiomorphs of geraniol are suitable as the starting raw material of the inventive method naturally comparably.Preferred starting raw material is R-(+)-geraniol (a D-geraniol).
Preferred use has at least, and 85%ee, especially preferred 90%ee at least, the more specifically preferred alcohol of the enantiomeric excess of 95%ee at least are used for purpose of the present invention.The enantiomeric excess of the product aldehydes or ketones that obtains according to the present invention can be subjected to the influence of the selection of the enantiomeric excess in the starting raw material.Especially advantageously selective reaction condition, temperature of reaction for example makes that the enantiomeric excess of the product aldehydes or ketones that obtained is enantiomeric excess about at least 90% of employed alcohol, preferably about at least 95%.
Various catalyzer especially comprise at least a catalyzer that is selected from the element (as element itself or suitable compound) in element zinc, calcium and the copper, are suitable for implementing method of the present invention.
Except the element of being mentioned, catalyzer that can be used according to the invention can further comprise the element of one or more 1,2,3,4,13 and/or 14 families, for example Na, K, Mg, Ti, Zr, Al, C, Si and/or Ge.
Comprise the zinc of zinc and calcium, preferred oxides form and/or its carbonate form and the catalyzer of calcium and especially can be used for implementing method of dehydrogenating of the present invention.Especially preferred is the catalyzer that comprises zinc oxide and lime carbonate.
The catalyzer that preferably is used to implement the inventive method is the catalyzer that active ingredient comprises the zinc oxide of 30-60 weight %, preferred 40-50 weight % and 40-70 weight %, preferred 50-60 weight % lime carbonate.In the middle of these, further preferably calcium carbonate components exist with the calcite variant those.Described ratio determines that by the catalyst composition that burnt wherein zinc and calcium exist with their oxide form respectively.
Other catalyzer that can be used according to the invention is copper bearing catalyzer, and the catalyzer that exists with the form that is deposited on the oxide carrier with＞0 oxidation state of copper especially wherein is as described in the DE-A 197 57 297.As other solid support material, can use for example lime carbonate and other solid support material that is fit to.
In a preferred embodiment, can have 5-50m by catalyzer used according to the invention 2/ g, preferred 10-30m 2The specific surface area of passing through BET method mensuration of/g.
This catalyzer for example can be by utilizing alkali and known aftertreatment itself to be settled out sl. sol. zinc from water-soluble zinc and calcium cpd and calcium cpd obtains, wherein:
(a) use the water-soluble alkali acid carbonate as alkali,
(b) if desired, after precipitation, filter out sl. sol. zinc and calcium cpd,
(c) filtering described zinc and calcium cpd washing when needed,
(d) the washed zinc and the calcium cpd drying that will obtain by (c), obtain powder and
(e) powder that will obtain by (d) subsequently be no more than 600 ℃ temperature lower calcination and
(f) if desired, be molding with described incinerating powder compression.
As water-soluble zinc and calcium salt, can use acetate, vitriol, nitrate, muriate, preferably nitrate, for example zinc nitrate, zinc acetate, zinc sulfate, calcium acetate, nitrocalcite, preferably zinc nitrate and nitrocalcite.The aqueous solution of suitable salt has 3-25 weight %, preferred 10-25 weight %, the concentration of 20 weight % especially usually.
The preferential mol ratio of selecting zinc and calcium makes this activity of such catalysts component comprise the zinc oxide of 30-60 weight % and the lime carbonate of 40-70 weight %, and this preferably is present in the calcite variant after the calcining.
Employed alkali is the water-soluble alkali acid carbonate preferably, alkaline carbonate for example, as yellow soda ash, salt of wormwood, alkali metal hydrocarbonate, as sodium bicarbonate, saleratus, volatile salt or bicarbonate of ammonia, and their mixture, preferred yellow soda ash, especially preferably its concentration is generally 0.5-30 gram alkali/100 gram solution, preferred 10-25 gram alkali/100 restrain the aqueous solution of solution.
Described precipitation is generally carried out under 10-90 ℃, preferred 40-80 ℃ temperature.At post precipitation, when needed can filtering precipitate.The throw out that filters out when needed washes with water usually, preferably till no longer detecting nitrate with the nitrate ring test, and subsequent drying, preferably dry under 90-150 ℃ temperature, obtain the exsiccant powder.Drying can be carried out with static or mobile layer, preferably passes through spraying drying.
The dry powder of crossing can be no more than 600 ℃, preferred 300-600 ℃, especially under 400-475 ℃ the temperature, preferably calcine in air then.Based on observations up to now, caused CaCO in long-term heating more than 600 ℃ 3The formation of aragonite variant.Can not cause problem in the preparation of of short duration heating at preferred catalyst more than 600 ℃, short of formation aragonite (detecting by X-ray diffraction method) gets final product.
After calcining, burnt powder can be suppressed when needed, is formed into body, for example pellet, ring, right cylinder etc., preferably pellet.
In a preferred embodiment, burnt powder is suppressed with graphite, and by total mass, the amount of graphite is preferably 0.1-5 weight %, especially preferred 1-2.5 weight %, particularly 2 weight %.
In another embodiment preferred, the not incinerating powder compression that will be obtained by step (c) (referring to more than) is a molding, preferred pellet, annular pellet, as US-6,518,220 described pellets with dome-shaped end, or three blades, the molding of Huo Deing is as calcining as described in down in step (d) like this.Perhaps, can also extrude and be extrudate or star extrudate, preferred extrudate.
Burnt powder of gained and molding can be used as catalyzer, and these catalyzer can comprise zinc oxide and lime carbonate (calcite variant) as active ingredient, also have the graphite as the passivity component if desired.
In another preferred embodiment, has 0.10-0.50cm under the aperture of use in the 5nm-300mm scope 3/ g, 0.20-0.35cm especially 3Described that class catalyzer of the pore volume of/g wherein 85% of preferred especially this pore volume, preferably surpasses 90% relevant with the aperture of 0.01-0.5mm at least.
The catalyzer of particularly preferred the above-mentioned type is to have 500-4000N/cm 2, 1000-2500N/cm especially 2The end face compressive strength and the catalyzer of the lateral compression intensity of 30-300N, preferred 50-200N.
The specific surface area of measuring by the BET method generally is 5-50m 2/ g, preferred 10-30m 2/ g.Pore volume in the 0.1nm-300nm pore diameter range is 0.1-0.5cm normally 3/ g, preferred 0.2-0.35cm 3/ g, prerequisite be this pore volume at least 85%, preferably to surpass 90% be in the pore diameter range of 0.01-0.5mm.
The end face compressive strength of pellet is 500-4000N/cm preferably 2, 1000-2500N/cm especially 2, and the lateral compression intensity of pellet preferably 30-300N, more preferably 50-200N.
Especially advantageously, the precipitation of sl. sol. zinc of washing and calcium cpd on pressure filter (preferred zinc hydroxide, zinc carbonate and lime carbonate), the slurrying of gained filter cake water is by spraying this slurry drying with spray-dryer.The spray-dired powder of Huo Deing can further be processed then as mentioned above like this.
According to the present invention, gas primary alconol or secondary alcohol contact with catalyst system therefor in due form, for example in fixed-bed reactor, tubular reactor, shell and tube-type reactor or fluidized-bed reactor, preferably in the tubular reactor that described catalyzer exists as fixed bed.Particularly preferably be shell and tube-type reactor.Output comes aftertreatment by distillation usually.
Generally, optically-active alcohols used according to the invention is for example vaporized in the vaporizer that is fit in a manner known way.
Method of the present invention is at high temperature carried out usually.Normally 250-600 ℃ of the temperature of the gas phase in the reaction zone, preferred 300-450 ℃.In a preferred embodiment, the temperature range of selection should make that the transformation efficiency of alcohol is 20-60%, preferred 35-50%.Under the situation of geraniol, temperature prioritisedly be chosen as 350-450 ℃ as initial compounds.
The pressure of the gas phase in the reaction zone is the 0.3-10 crust normally.
Air speed on catalyzer generally is by every liter of catalyzer alcohol of rising of 0.5-3.0 per hour, and preferred every liter of catalyzer is the alcohol that rises of 0.6-2.0 per hour.The reactor types that is suitable for implementing the inventive method is fixed-bed tube reactor or shell and tube-type reactor.In these reactors, the catalyzer of selection is present in reaction tubes or the bundle of reaction tubes as fixed bed.Reaction tubes is used in the space around the reaction tubes for example hydro carbons (as methane) or by heat-transfer medium (salt bath, recycle gas etc.) indirect heating of incendiary gas usually.These reaction tubess can also use heating muff to carry out electrically heated.The common internal diameter of reaction tubes is about 2.5-15cm.Typical shell-and-tube dehydrogenation reactor has about 10-32000 reaction tubes, a preferably approximately 10-200 reaction tubes.The pipe temperature inside is generally 250-600 ℃, preferred 300-600 ℃.Operating pressure is the 0.5-8 crust normally, usually the 1-2 crust.
Method of the present invention can also be carried out in fluidized-bed in the presence of heterogeneous catalyst, as at Chem.Eng.Sci.1992 b, carries out described in 47 (9-11) 2313.In this case, two fluidized-beds of parallel running advantageously, one of them is generally regenerated at given time.Operating pressure is generally the 1-2 crust, and desorption temperature generally is 250-600 ℃.
Can use or not be used as the oxygen-containing gas of common charging according to catalytic dehydrogenation of the present invention, and choose wantonly and add water vapour, nitrogen, methane and/or argon gas.Selected reactor can have one or more continuous catalyst beds.The number of catalyst bed can be 1-20, advantageously 1-6, preferably 1-4, especially 1-3.Reactant gases preferably radially or axial flow cross catalyst bed.Generally, this disc type reactor uses the stationary catalyst bed operation.Under the simplest situation, the stationary catalyst bed axial array, or be arranged between the circular clearance of the concentric cylindrical mesh in the shaft furnace reactor.The shaft furnace reactor is corresponding to a dish.
In a particularly preferred embodiment of the inventive method, have the optically-active terpenol of the enantiomeric excess of 90%ee at least, preferred 95%ee, especially geraniol, preferred R-(+)-geraniol comprise in active ingredient on the catalyzer of 54-75 weight % zinc oxide and 43-46 weight % lime carbonate (in all cases, by the mensuration of the oxide form in the catalyst composition that burnt) and for example react in the tubular reactor at suitable reactor.This reactor can preferably by salt-melting, be heated to about 350-450 ℃ temperature by any suitable method.This is reflected in the gas phase and carries out.When especially under being reflected at the situation that does not have oxygen, carrying out, obtained good result.For this reason, the mixture that comprises the starting raw material of the dehydrogenation of wanting for example passes through on selected catalyzer in inert gas (for example nitrogen gas stream).Another selection is to introduce in advance to contain H 2Mixture after pass through section H 2The self-heating operation is carried out in burning.
The separation of reaction product can be undertaken by known all appropriate methodologies of those skilled in the art itself.In this way, the selectivity with common about 60-95% has obtained the optically-active geranial under the transformation efficiency of preferred about 30-60% of theoretical value.
Can in the whole bag of tricks, adopt by optically-active aldehydes or ketones prepared in accordance with the present invention.They have had interval scale and have been used for synthetic important starting raw material or the intermediate that is worth higher product.Therefore, for example, optically-active geranial, preferred R-(+)-geranial are the important intermediate of synthetic optically-active menthol, preferred L-menthol.Therefore, the optically-active geranial can the catalyzer that is fit to, usually acid or lewis acid catalyst in the presence of cyclisation, thereby form the optically-active l-Isopulegol.The optically-active menthol can obtain by hydrogenation thus.Optically-active geranial prepared in accordance with the present invention is used to prepare the purposes of optically-active menthol so is another aspect of the present invention.
Following examples illustrate the present invention, but do not limit the present invention.
Embodiment 1:
The CaCO that in can be, adds 10.8g by the calcite variant form of the ZnO of 55 weight % and 45 weight % with the tubular reactor of salt-melting heating 3The catalyzer that (measuring with the oxide form in the catalyst composition that burnt in all cases) formed.Under 400 ℃ temperature, allow 46 standard liters/hour nitrogen and the mixture of the R-geraniol of 3.44g/h with 95%ee enantiomeric excess by this bed.Under 50.2% transformation efficiency, obtained to have the geranial of the R-geranial enantiomeric excess of 95%ee with 75.5% selectivity.

Claims (10)

1, a kind of preparation has 3-25 carbon atom and have the method for the optically-active aldehydes or ketones that at least one can racemic stereocenter on the α of carbonyl and/or β position, and described method is included under the existence of catalyzer of the zinc that comprises oxide form and/or its carbonate form and calcium in gas phase corresponding optically-active primary alconol or secondary alcohol catalytic dehydrogenation.
2, method according to claim 1 is wherein used the catalyzer that comprises zinc oxide and lime carbonate.
3, method according to claim 1 and 2 wherein uses active ingredient to comprise the catalyzer of 30-60 weight % zinc oxide and 40-70 weight % lime carbonate.
4, method according to claim 2, wherein said lime carbonate exists with the form of calcite variant.
5, method according to claim 1 and 2 is used to prepare the open chain or the monocyclic aldehydes or ketones of branching or non-branching.
6, method according to claim 1 and 2, be used to prepare the 2-methyl fourth-1-aldehyde, 3 of optically-active, 7-dimethyl oct-6-ene-1-aldehyde, 3,7-dimethyl-octa-1-aldehyde, 8-be right-menthene-3-ketone, right-menthane-3-ketone, 2-methylcyclohexanone, 3-methylcyclohexanone, 2-methyl-cyclopentanone, 3-methyl-cyclopentanone, 2,6-dimethylcyclohexanon or 2, the 3-dimethylcyclohexanon.
7, method according to claim 1 and 2 is used for preparing the optically-active geranial by the optically-active geraniol.
8, method according to claim 1 and 2, wherein the enantiomorph mistake of the aldehydes or ketones that is obtained
Figure C2005800075120002C1
Should be at least 90% of the enantiomeric excess of employed alcohol.
9, method according to claim 1 and 2, wherein dehydrogenation is carried out under 250-600 ℃ temperature.
10, a kind of method for preparing the optically-active menthol comprises according to each method among the claim 1-9 preparing the optically-active geranial, and to form the optically-active l-Isopulegol, hydrogenation optically-active l-Isopulegol is to obtain the optically-active menthol then with the cyclisation of optically-active geranial.
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