CN100454734C - 10/350 shock current system for air or vacuum CROWBAR switch - Google Patents
10/350 shock current system for air or vacuum CROWBAR switch Download PDFInfo
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- CN100454734C CN100454734C CNB2005100960844A CN200510096084A CN100454734C CN 100454734 C CN100454734 C CN 100454734C CN B2005100960844 A CNB2005100960844 A CN B2005100960844A CN 200510096084 A CN200510096084 A CN 200510096084A CN 100454734 C CN100454734 C CN 100454734C
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a 10/350 impact current system for an air or a vacuum CROWBAR switch, which comprises a capacitor connected with a power supply, a resistor, a main discharging gap, an inductor and a resistor, wherein a capacitance discharging loop between a main discharging electrode and the inductor is connected in parallel with the CROWBAR switch which comprises a movable electrode and a fixed electrode; or a triggering electrode is inlaid in the fixed electrode or the triggering electrode is arranged between the discharging gaps of the movable electrode and the fixed electrode; the movable electrode and the fixed electrode or the fixed electrode and the triggering electrode are electrically connected with triggering systems. Because in the present invention, the capacitance discharging loop between the main discharging electrode and the inductor is connected in parallel with the CROWBAR switch composed of the movable electrode and the fixed electrode, and the triggering systems are electrically connected with the movable electrode and the fixed electrode, the present invention is used by adjusting the positions of the movable electrode, and has the advantages of larger discharge current capacity, less erosion amount and longer service life; the triggering systems of the switch have steep pulse rise time and larger triggering energy so as to guarantee the reliability and the stability when the switch triggers.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of overvoltage protection device impact system, the direct lightning strike 10/350 μ s impulse current system of particularly a kind of air or vacuum short circuit CROWBAR switch.
Background technology
In recent years, along with the develop rapidly of information-based industry, in the system because the harm that atmospheric over-voltage and switching overvoltage cause has caused that people pay attention to greatly.As I (B) the level clearance type spark switch of the various electrode shapes of one-level I (B) level overvoltage protection element and device, existing a large amount of report.Wherein representational is German PHOENIX, German OBO and French CITEL clearance type overvoltage protection device.
I (B) clearance type overvoltage protection device (clearance type SPD) is mainly used to bear I (B) level direct lightning strike, and its waveform is 10/350 μ s impulse current ripple.
The impulse current test of I (B) clearance type SPD is different from the zinc oxide resistance sheet that is used for electric power system and is used for the piezoresistive wafer of low pressure lightning protection; because zinc oxide resistance sheet and piezoresistive wafer all belong to " votage limit type " overvoltage protection device; I (B) clearance type SPD then belongs to " short circuit type " overvoltage protection device, and it plays the function that equipotential connects.Therefore their impulse current test there are differences: the general impulse current ripples such as 8/20 μ s, 4/10 μ s, 30/80 μ s that adopt of zinc oxide resistance sheet and piezoresistive wafer impulse current test, the loop takes place and generally adopts RLC exponential wave discharge loop in the impulse current ripple, the loop is generally operational in underdamping state, and equiva lent impedance is generally a hundreds of m Ω during " votage limit type " SPD conducting; 10/350 μ s impulse current test system for I (B) clearance type SPD, on the one hand, because equiva lent impedance is several or tens m Ω during the SPD conducting of gap, on the other hand, loop works is at dark overdamp state, as being that the loop energy needed takes place is several thousand kJ (kilojoule)s for the 10/350 μ s impulse current of 50m Ω, amplitude 100kA by traditional RLC exponential wave discharge loop design load capacity.So big impact energy can produce following problem: the capacitor of the energy demand of the one, several thousand kJ (kilojoule)s μ F up to a hundred even thousands of stores, and the volume of impulse current generator is very big, and the fail safe of high voltage operation and reliability reduce; The energy of several thousand kJ (kilojoule)s will be released on the discharge switch on the other hand, and is very serious to the erosion of air spark switch commonly used, and huge energy discharges the pollution that operating environment is produced electromagnetism and noise.
Xian Jin high voltage testing equipment manufacturing company (Switzerland HAEFELY) takes the lead in adopting the CROWBAR switch to develop being used for I (B) clearance type 10/350 μ s impulse current test system, also being unique in the world manufacturer in the world.In this impulse current test system, short circuit CROWBAR switch adopts the metal alloy of the 100kg that weighs to make (operational environment is an air), it comprises three electrodes (two main discharge electrodes and a trigger electrode), wherein two main electrodes are horizontal positioned or vertical the placement, trigger electrode is positioned on the plane vertical with two main electrodes, plays " bridge joint " effect.
Circuit theory requires the condition of work of short circuit CROWBAR switch to be: under the situation of main electrode voltage lower (near 0 volt), form " bridge joint " between two main electrodes by the forced-triggered effect of trigger electrode.Therefore want to realize that this effect must satisfy following condition: (1) requires the electric field of trigger electrode and two main electrodes must keep evenly, to guarantee while disruptive discharge between trigger electrode and two main electrodes; (2) under the lower situation of voltage between main electrode, realize " bridge joint " between trigger electrode and two main electrodes, trigger voltage must have enough big triggering energy; (3) in order to improve the stability of short circuit CROWBAR switch work, require trigger electrode and two main electrodes after once discharging, obvious variation (as ablation salient point, pit etc.) can not take place in surface state, in order to avoid next triggering " bridge joint " effect of influence, so choosing of switch electrode material is to be particular about very much.
This shows that I (B) clearance type 10/350 μ s impulse current test system is quite harsh to the requirement of short circuit CROWBAR switch, otherwise the stability and the reliability of short circuit CROWBAR switch and impulse current test system works can't ensure at all.
CROWBAR switch in I (B) the clearance type 10/350 μ s impulse current test system of HAEFELY company research and development is except heaviness; very significant disadvantages is that three electrodes of short circuit CROWBAR switch all need to carry out the clearance distance adjustment according to experimental condition; and adjust and cooperate very difficulty; but also to be subjected to air humidity; the influence of electrode surface state etc.; therefore; the stability and the reliability of the work of short circuit CROWBAR switch are relatively poor; basically only be applicable to laboratory research; and only limit to professional's operation, can't satisfy the gap overvoltage protection device at all; especially the needs of worker (B) clearance type overvoltage protection device test and research.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to overcome the shortcoming of above-mentioned prior art, providing a kind of is operated in air or the vacuum environment, has bigger discharge capacity, less erosion amount, the air in long useful life or 10/350 impulse current system of vacuum short circuit CROWBAR switch.
For achieving the above object, the technical solution used in the present invention is: comprise the electric capacity that links to each other with power supply, on the capacitance discharges loop, be in series with resistance successively, main discharge electrode, inductance and resistance, on the capacitance discharges loop between main discharge electrode and the inductance, also be parallel with short circuit CROWBAR switch, the other end of short circuit CROWBAR switch and the other end of electric capacity are connected, said short circuit CROWBAR switch comprises float electrode and fixed electrode or float electrode and inner fixed electrode or the trigger electrode between the discharging gap of float electrode and fixed electrode that is inlaid with trigger electrode that is arranged in the insulation crust, and at float electrode and fixed electrode or also be electrically connected with triggering system on fixed electrode and trigger electrode, said short circuit CROWBAR switch is operated in air or 10
-5Pa～10
-2Under the vacuum environment of Pa.
Another characteristics of the present invention are: be provided with the radome that is installed on the insulation crust inwall around float electrode, fixed electrode and the trigger electrode; The trigger electrode that is embedded in the fixed electrode is a columnar electrode, and this trigger electrode is embedded in the fixed electrode by insulating sleeve; The trigger electrode that is provided with between the discharging gap of float electrode and fixed electrode is circular or circular electrode; Also be connected with a coupled switch between the output of triggering system and the CROWBAR switch.
Because the present invention also is parallel with the short circuit CROWBAR switch of being made up of float electrode and fixed electrode on the capacitance discharges loop between main discharge electrode and the inductance, and also be electrically connected with triggering system in float electrode and fixed electrode, only need to adjust the position of float electrode in the use, has bigger discharge capacity, the useful life that less erosion amount is long, the triggering system of this switch has steep-sided pulse rise time, bigger triggering energy, guarantees reliable type and stability that exploitation triggers.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram that the present invention is used for 10/350 μ s impulse current test system of I (B) gap overvoltage protective device;
Fig. 2 is first kind of structural representation of short circuit CROWBAR switch 6 of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is second kind of structural representation of short circuit CROWBAR switch 6 of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the third structural representation of short circuit CROWBAR switch 6 of the present invention.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing structural principle of the present invention and operation principle are described in further detail.
Referring to Fig. 1, the present invention includes the electric capacity 1 that links to each other with power supply, on the discharge loop of electric capacity 1, be in series with resistance 2, main discharge gap 3, inductance 4 and resistance 5 successively, on the discharge loop of the electric capacity 1 between main discharge electrode 3 and the inductance 4, also be parallel with short circuit CROWBAR switch 6, the other end of short circuit CRWBAR switch is connected with the other end of electric capacity 1, also is electrically connected with triggering system 7 on short circuit CROWBAR switch 6.AC power is to electric capacity 1 charging, when system's control trigger impulse is applied on the main discharge gap 3, the electric capacity 1 that has charged is by resistance 2, main discharge gap 3, inductance 4 and resistance 5 form the wavefront time (10 μ s) of 10/350 μ s impulse current, and when electric current arrives first peak dot of the wave of oscillation, the electric field energy of electric capacity 1 is converted to the magnetic field energy of inductance 4 basically, the characteristics of utilizing the magnetic field energy in the inductance 4 not suddenly change, when first peak dot of electric current, trigger 6 conductings of short circuit CROWBAR switch, at this moment, the magnetic field energy in the inductance 4 forms the wave rear time (350 μ s) of 10/350 μ s impulse current by short circuit CROWBAR switch 6 and equivalent resistance 5.Wherein, the trigger impulse of short circuit CROWBAR switch 6 is provided by triggering system 7, triggering system 7 can adopt surge voltage that the forms such as joint circuit of loop, rectangular impulse generation loop and pulse generating circuit and pulse transformer take place, the voltage of triggering system is up to tens～hundreds of kilovolt, rising steepness ns～μ s level triggers energy hundreds of～several kJ (kilojoule)s.
Embodiment 1: referring to Fig. 2, short circuit CROWBAR switch 6 comprises float electrode 8 and the fixed electrode 9 that is arranged in the insulation crust 16, one of them float electrode 8 can be adjusted according to the size of discharge voltage, and the environment of electrode 8,9 work can be an air, also can be 10
-5A～10
-2The vacuum environment of Pa, short circuit CROWBAR switch 6 adopts sound-absorbing material to make under the air ambient if be operated in, if be operated under the vacuum environment, CROWBAR switch 6 adopts airtight insulating material to make, as being operated in vacuum environment, float electrode 8 one ends should be equipped with and not only guarantee that the electrode of switch is in the insulation crust 16 but also the bellows that electrode can be moved.The annexation of CROWBAR switch 6 and triggering system is: triggering system 7 one is connected to the splicing ear 10 of the float electrode 8 of CROWBAR switch 6, and the other end is connected to the splicing ear 11 of the fixed electrode 9 of short circuit CROWBAR switch 6.The phase mutual interference in loop takes place for the 10/350 μ s impulse current that prevents triggering system 7, the output of triggering system 7 also is connected to a coupled switch 12, simultaneously when preventing the conducting heavy impulse current, metallic vapour causes the short circuit of main discharge electrode, and radome 13 also is installed around electrode.
Its course of work is: when impulse current reaches first peak point current, the wavefront time of 10/350 μ s impulse current forms, at this moment send a control signal and make triggering system 7 output high-voltage pulse triggering signals, and the electrode splicing ear 10,11 by CROWBAR switch 6 is applied to float electrode 8 and 9 of fixed electrodes make it to form conductive channel, at this moment the inductance 4 that contains magnetic field energy is released via the conductive channel that short circuit CROWBAR switch 6 forms, and forms the wave rear time of 10/350 μ s impulse current.
Embodiment 2: referring to Fig. 3, the three-electrode structure that the main discharge electrode of short circuit CROWBAR switch 6 and trigger electrode are one, wherein trigger electrode 14 is embedded in the center of fixed electrode 9, and isolate by porcelain tube 15 and fixed electrode 9, trigger electrode 14 also can be placed on a side of fixed electrode 9.Operational environment can be an air, also can be 10
-5Pa～10
-2The vacuum environment of Pa, short circuit CROWBAR switch 6 adopts sound-absorbing material to make under the air ambient if be operated in, if be operated under the vacuum environment, short circuit CROWBAR switch 6 adopts airtight insulating material to make, the line connecting relation of short circuit CROWBAR switch 6 and triggering system is: triggering system 7 one is connected to the trigger electrode 14 of short circuit CROWBAR switch 6, and the other end is connected to the splicing ear 11 of the fixed electrode 9 of short circuit CROWBAR switch 6.The phase mutual interference in loop takes place for the 10/350 μ s impulse current that prevents triggering system 7, the output of triggering system 7 also is connected to a coupled switch 12, simultaneously when preventing the conducting heavy impulse current, metal vapors causes interelectrode short circuit, and radome 13 also is installed around electrode.Its course of work is with embodiment 1.
Embodiment 3: referring to Fig. 4, the three-electrode structure that the main discharge electrode of short circuit CROWBAR switch 6 and trigger electrode are one, but trigger electrode 14 is positioned between float electrode 8 and the fixed electrode 9, trigger electrode 14 can be a ring-type, also can be plate-like or column, the line connecting relation of short circuit CROWBAR switch 6 and the triggering course of work be with embodiment 2.
The present invention is different from the outstanding feature of existing 10/350 impulse current test system: only needs are adjusted the fixed electrode 8 and the clearance distance between the float electrode 9 (clearance distance can change variation (vacuum environment) between (air ambient) or 0～20mm between 0～120mm) of short circuit CROWBAR switch 6, can make the highest withstand voltage of CROWBAR switch up to more than the 200kV, and can guarantee reliable and stable triggering under the situation of voltage very low (comparing almost nil) between float electrode (8) and fixed electrode (9), produce the 10/350 μ s impulse current ripple of 10～150kA with switch self breakdown discharge voltage.
Claims (5)
1, the direct lightning strike 10/350 μ s impulse current system of air or vacuum short circuit CROWBAR switch, comprise the electric capacity (1) that links to each other with power supply, on the discharge loop of electric capacity (1), be in series with resistance (2) successively, main discharge electrode (3), inductance (4) and resistance (5), it is characterized in that: on the discharge loop of the electric capacity (1) between main discharge electrode (3) and the inductance (4), also be parallel with short circuit CROWBAR switch (6), the other end of short circuit CROWBAR switch (6) is connected with the other end of electric capacity (1), said short circuit CROWBAR switch (6) comprises float electrode (8) and the fixed electrode (9) that is arranged in the insulation crust (16), or comprise that float electrode (8) and inside are inlaid with the fixed electrode (9) of trigger electrode (14), or comprise float electrode (8), fixed electrode (9) and be arranged on float electrode (8) and the discharging gap of fixed electrode (9) between trigger electrode (14), and also be electrically connected with triggering system (7) at float electrode (8) and fixed electrode (9) or on fixed electrode (9) and trigger electrode (14), said short circuit CROWBAR switch (6) is operated in air or 10
-5Pa～10
-2Under the vacuum environment of Pa.
2, the direct lightning strike 10/350 μ s impulse current system of air according to claim 1 or vacuum short circuit CROWBAR switch is characterized in that: be provided with the radome (13) that is installed on insulation crust (16) inwall around said float electrode (8), fixed electrode (9) and the trigger electrode (14).
3, the direct lightning strike 10/350 μ s impulse current system of air according to claim 1 or vacuum short circuit CROWBAR switch, it is characterized in that: the said trigger electrode (14) that is embedded in the fixed electrode (9) is a columnar electrode, and this trigger electrode (14) is embedded in the fixed electrode (9) by insulating sleeve (15).
4, the direct lightning strike 10/350 μ s impulse current system of air according to claim 1 or vacuum short circuit CROWBAR switch, it is characterized in that: the said trigger electrode (14) that is provided with between the discharging gap of float electrode (8) and fixed electrode (9) is circular or circular electrode.
5, the direct lightning strike 10/350 μ s impulse current system of air according to claim 1 or vacuum short circuit CROWBAR switch is characterized in that: also be connected with a coupled switch (12) between the output of said triggering system (7) and the short circuit CROWBAR switch (6).
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB2005100960844A CN100454734C (en) | 2005-09-29 | 2005-09-29 | 10/350 shock current system for air or vacuum CROWBAR switch |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB2005100960844A CN100454734C (en) | 2005-09-29 | 2005-09-29 | 10/350 shock current system for air or vacuum CROWBAR switch |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1767335A CN1767335A (en) | 2006-05-03 |
| CN100454734C true CN100454734C (en) | 2009-01-21 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB2005100960844A Expired - Fee Related CN100454734C (en) | 2005-09-29 | 2005-09-29 | 10/350 shock current system for air or vacuum CROWBAR switch |
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| CN (1) | CN100454734C (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP4131310A1 (en) * | 2021-08-02 | 2023-02-08 | Abb Schweiz Ag | Short-circuiting device |
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| CN102522699B (en) * | 2011-12-06 | 2014-03-12 | 西安交通大学 | Rodlike three-electrode high-energy pulse discharge switch under gaseous environment |
| CN102545851A (en) * | 2011-12-29 | 2012-07-04 | 华中科技大学 | Bootstrap pulse sharpening gap switch |
| CN105372462B (en) * | 2015-09-08 | 2019-06-14 | 苏州泰思特电子科技有限公司 | Multi-waveform impulse current generator |
| CN105044412B (en) * | 2015-09-08 | 2019-06-14 | 苏州泰思特电子科技有限公司 | Lightning impulse simulator |
| CN105044578B (en) * | 2015-09-08 | 2018-09-18 | 苏州泰思特电子科技有限公司 | Lightning current shock table |
| CN109406845B (en) * | 2015-09-08 | 2020-12-18 | 苏州泰思特电子科技有限公司 | High-efficiency impulse current generator |
| CN105185647B (en) * | 2015-09-11 | 2017-08-01 | 西安交通大学 | A kind of vacuum CROWBAR switch of variable air pressure and replaceable electrode |
| CN105137885A (en) * | 2015-09-17 | 2015-12-09 | 西安交通大学 | Control system and control method of multi-switch and multi-loop cooperative work |
| CN105366021B (en) * | 2015-12-02 | 2017-08-29 | 山东大学（威海） | The vector propulsion device of adjustable pitch and the submarine navigation device with the device |
| CN106328433B (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2018-09-07 | 中国西电电气股份有限公司 | A kind of Triggered Vacuum Switch and its control method |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3944887A (en) * | 1974-06-03 | 1976-03-16 | Nissin Electric Co., Ltd. | Crowbar switch |
| JPS5843189A (en) * | 1981-09-07 | 1983-03-12 | Tomokatsu Aizawa | High speed large current crowbar discharge circuit |
-
2005
- 2005-09-29 CN CNB2005100960844A patent/CN100454734C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3944887A (en) * | 1974-06-03 | 1976-03-16 | Nissin Electric Co., Ltd. | Crowbar switch |
| JPS5843189A (en) * | 1981-09-07 | 1983-03-12 | Tomokatsu Aizawa | High speed large current crowbar discharge circuit |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP4131310A1 (en) * | 2021-08-02 | 2023-02-08 | Abb Schweiz Ag | Short-circuiting device |
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| CN1767335A (en) | 2006-05-03 |
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