CN100452823C - Implementation method of anti printing and scanning meaningful digital watermark with large capacity - Google Patents
Implementation method of anti printing and scanning meaningful digital watermark with large capacity Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The method comprises: 1) generating high capacity of digital watermarking signals 2) pre-processing the original image to be embedded with the watermark; 3) embedding watermark information; 4) processing the watermark image before extracting the watermark; 5) extracting the watermark; 6) enhancing the image watermark information. The invention features the following: 1) embedding binary image high capacity information that enhances the identifiability of watermark information; 2) having strong robustness of anti-print and anti-scanning that can be used in anti-fake of all certificates and prints; using Hausdorff-based distance geometric correction process, which can effectively correct all geometric attack to watermark signal in the print and scanning process such as rotation, scaling and translation.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of false proof and field of information security technology, is a kind of digital watermark technology that can realize Information hiding and tracking under open network environment that can embed big capacity and opposing attacks of print_scan.
Background technology
By consulting related data and relevant patent, mainly quote following patent as proof:
The open date of name of the country patent publication No.
1. the U.S. 0,126,064 2006.07.15
2. the U.S. 6,983,056 2006.01.03
3. the U.S. 1,533,750 2005.05.25
4. the U.S. 0,056,700 2005.03.17
5. the U.S. 6,775,393 2004.08.12
6. Chinese CN1710577 2005.12.21
7. Chinese CN2681239 2005.02.03
8. Chinese CN1512438 2004.07.14
Development of modern science and technology has improved the level of various countries' anti-counterfeiting technologies greatly.But we must be fully recognized that any anti-counterfeiting technology is not absolute.Because development of high-tech also provides new forgery means to the adulterator.Today, equipment and powerful softwares such as digital camera, video tape recorder, scanner, printer, by the user of global range be used for creation, handle and enjoy digital multimedia data such as audio frequency, image, video etc.The Internet also distributes for multimedia messages and exchange provides wide channel easily.Particularly high accuracy color jet-ink, laser printer and high accuracy scanner popularizes, for people's work and life have brought many facilities, become very easy but also make the forgery of the various packings of product, certificate, check, security and proof document and distort simultaneously.
Certificate/antiforge technology based on digital watermarking is different with traditional anti-counterfeiting technology, and it has thoroughly upgraded false proof traditional concept, and has unique character in antiforge.Watermark as distinguishing mark is hidden in the sightless form of vision in all kinds of printed matters such as certificate, has only by computer software or specific checkout equipment and just can discern.The digital watermarking sign of hiding can be significant numeral and number at random, text message, image even sound.The user can require to add the watermark information of different content according to the difference of item to be protected, and digital watermarking can not make a variation the possibility that not have leakage and spread on these links through various places and personnel because of printed matter.The implantation site that adds of digital watermarking has randomness.The digital watermarking that each printed matter is hidden can be different, and the position that adds digital watermarking also is at random, and technology is grasped the concrete stowed position that people itself does not know digital watermarking yet, and such randomness and variation characteristic make the adulterator be difficult to counterfeit forgery.
Haas; The patent of Bertrand etc. " Method and system for printing an original imageand for determining if a printed image is an original or has been altered ", United States Patent (USP), the patent No. is 0,126,094, it is the original method and system that has picture proprietorial or that altered, file by print scanned detection picture, file that this patent has proposed a kind of.In order to detect the true and false of the picture file after print scanned, this patent is protected with visible bar code and the digital watermarking of sightless fragility CDP E-seal simultaneously.Wherein the E-seal digital watermarking is the random sequence that produces as the seed of the time of signing and issuing by about picture or fileinfo.Contrast the picture after bar code will be got scanning then, the digital watermarking of file and the Hamming distance that detects between the sequence during detection at first intuitively and compare with prior specified threshold value, if less than threshold value, then this picture, file are genuine, otherwise are altered.
The patent of Amano Tomio " Method and device for embedding and detecting watermarkinginformation into a black and white binary document image ", United States Patent (USP), the patent No. 6,983,056, this patent has proposed a kind of anti printing and scanning algorithm at black and white two-value picture.Because the pixel value of print scanned back picture will change, these these characteristics of patent pin, by at first the black and white two-value picture that needs protection being carried out piecemeal, it is two sub-pieces that each sub-piece is divided equally again.When watermarked, be " 0 " or " 1 " increase of pixel value with two sub-pieces in the sub-piece according to the watermark bit that embeds, one reduces, and can not influence visual effect simultaneously, finishes the embedding of watermark.When watermark was extracted in the scanning back, it was two sub-pieces that each sub-piece is divided equally earlier, and the pixel value of two sub-pieces is subtracted each other, and what passing threshold was relatively determined the watermark signal embedding is " 0 " or " 1 ".
The patent of Haas Bertrand " Watermarking method with print-scan compensation " United States Patent (USP), the patent No. 1,533,750, this patent have proposed a kind of compensation transform method that designs at print scanned distortion.On to the basis of printing scanning process research, this patent is considered as a linear filtering process with print scanned process, proposition to before print scanned at first to picture to be protected, watermark signal perhaps to be embedded carries out the compensation conversion of anti printing and scanning.By conversion, the pixel value of picture to be protected and watermark to be embedded is all with nonlinear increase, and gray value concentrates in the big scope of value, reduces the shared ratio of the little pixel of gray value.On the basis of the compensation conversion of anti printing and scanning,, realize that digital watermarking anti printing and scanning process attacks in conjunction with concrete existed algorithms.
The patent " Digital Watermarks and Trading Cards " of Tyler J.McKinley etc., United States Patent (USP), the patent No. is 0,056,700, this patent provides a kind of digital watermark technology false proof method of card that carries on trade of utilizing.Watermark in the embedding trade card both can be used for distinguishing the true and false of card, can utilize relevant checkout equipment from card, to extract watermark information again, and utilize this watermark information to go to search and block the relevant webpage of content therewith, the more detailed information of utilizing network to provide realizes the purpose (as online pre-payment and online collecting agency etc.) of multiple service.The watermark here is embedded in the card by non, avoided utilizing bar code or directly network address is printed on the card and the trouble of direct input network address has been exempted in the influence that brings attractive in appearance of giving card simultaneously.This method has conveniently realized user's many-side service.
The patent of Levy etc. " Hardcopy watermarking ", United States Patent (USP), the patent No. is 6,775,393, this patent also is the watermarking algorithm that designs at the opposing attacks of print_scan.Finish the embedding of watermark according to the conversion coefficient of the bit value modification digital picture that will embed information, before watermark extracting, earlier watermarking images is carried out size scaling and anglec of rotation correction, estimate that with the maximum likelihood estimation technique each embeds the value of position, finally obtains embedding information again.The embedding algorithm of this patent is simple and robustness is better, but the extraction algorithm amount of calculation is too big and need the probability density function of hypothesis image transform coefficient known.
The patent of Li Haifeng etc. " based on the digit water-mark certificate anti-fake method of mobile communications network ", Chinese patent, the patent No. is CN1710577, this patent has proposed a kind of by mobile radio communication realization digit water-mark certificate anti-fake technology, adopts double digital watermarking scheme to realize the false-proof digital watermark service platform technology of certificate; Main algorithm is on the basis of the multiresolution of three layers of pyramid mode of dct transform, at the hash function of print scanned distortion design and the secure watermark generating algorithm and the improved Turbo code decode algorithm of public key encryption algorithm.When watermark extracting, from photo and document, all extract watermark respectively, and the watermark of extracting is when consistent, think that just success extracts watermark, certificate is not modified or forges, otherwise this certificate is false, the true and false that like this can dual assurance certificate, and can judge the situation that certificate is changed.
The patent of LiBing Fa etc. " digital watermarking electronic detector ", Chinese patent, the patent No. is CN2681239, the utility model discloses a kind of digital watermarking electronic detector, comprise photographing section and support section, it is characterized in that camera lens adds an optical lens that is used for the discriminating digit watermark outward, the watermark that is printed in the false proof article of needs such as this optical lens and printed matter, bill establishes corresponding relation, thereby plays antifalse effect effectively.And the technology of this patent be with detected article in watermark set up corresponding relation, effectively play anti-fake effect.
The patent of Liang Huaqing etc. " a kind of anti-counterfeiting method for file and device thereof " based on digital watermarking, Chinese patent, the patent No. is CN1512438, this disclosure of the Invention a kind of anti-counterfeiting method for file and device thereof based on digital watermarking.In certificate class file manufacturing process, an invisible digital watermark that designs is in advance embedded in the described file, form anti-fake certificate; When anti-fake certificate is differentiated, with image scanning/capturing apparatus portrait in the certificate is partly scanned, and extraction watermark, be printed on certificate holder's digital portrait photo on the certificate according to scanning/printing making, digital watermarking embeds in the digital portrait photo, and digital watermarking is the ID number random sequence by producing as seed after the secret key encryption by certificate.This method and its device not only can be resisted the problems that piecture geometry fault that print scanned process causes and the serious distortion of pixel value bring, and its amount of calculation is little, use simple, easy to operate, good reliability.
The subject matter that adopts digital watermark technology to carry out certificate/printed matter anti-counterfeiting existence is:
(1) watermark information extracts difficulty, the conventional method of differentiating the certificate true and false is to use special instrument to scan will to carry out the extraction of watermark information after the certificate digitlization, the mobile phone that passes through that more advanced method such as patent CN1710577 mention is taken certificate and is utilized existing mobile communications network, digitized certificate is sent to the extraction that the digital watermarking service platform carries out watermark information, utilizes the watermark information that extracts to carry out the discriminating of the certificate true and false.No matter adopt the sort of method, before watermark information extracts, watermarked image has stood various attack, wherein the most serious and attack that be difficult to overcome is to make that printing in the certificate process is attacked and with scanning attack in the certificate digitized process and geometric attack, the difficulty that these attacks cause watermark information to extract, also this point has limited and utilizes digital watermark technology to carry out the extensive use of certificate false proof just.
(2) watermark embedding capacity is little, and the existing digital watermark technology that is used for certificate false proof, the watermark information of embedding be 1 bit information or a random sequence normally, and that can only detect watermark has/do not have.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides a kind of jumbo digital watermarking implementation method that can embed a significant bianry image, watermark information extracts the previous crops automatic geometric correction, and extraction algorithm is simple, the accuracy rate height.
The technical scheme that the present invention takes is:
One, the original image of preliminary treatment watermark to be embedded, original image to digital form is made low-pass filtering, contrast enhancing and BORDER PROCESSING to it earlier before watermarked, the purpose of these processing is to improve the embedment strength of watermark and sentience not comprehensively, also provides convenience for the geometric correction before the watermark extracting simultaneously;
Two, generate the large capacity digital watermark signal, at first will carry out scramble with the Arnold conversion, use the watermark signal behind the Walsh FUNCTION MODULATION scramble then as the significant bianry image of digital watermarking.On the one hand, strengthened the ability of watermark opposing various attack; On the other hand, improved the correct recovery rate of watermark;
Three, embed watermark information, the sub-piece that pretreated original image is divided into several N * N, and each fritter done wavelet transform, ask noise visible function (NVF) value of each fritter, choose embedment strength, as the vision controlling elements, revise the low frequency sub-band wavelet coefficient embed watermark information of each sub-piece with the NVF value, can not whether reach the not foundation of sentience as estimating watermark by perceptibility evaluation of estimate NLPE2 with watermark, thereby self adaptation is chosen the embedment strength of each fritter;
Four, extract the preceding processing of watermark to watermarking images, extract the geometry invariant features point set M and the I of the metric space of watermarking images and original image respectively, calculate the Hausdorff distance between two point sets, if less than given threshold value then need not to do geometric correction, directly enter watermark extraction process, otherwise, the hunting zone of selected geometric transformation parameter, utilize fast algorithm, calculate geometric transformation parameter accurately, utilize calculate geometric parameter proofread and correct watermarking images.
Five, the extraction of watermark, the fritter that watermarking images after handling is divided into several N * N, and do wavelet transform, the Walsh function that the low frequency sub-band wavelet coefficient is identical with generating watermark signal carries out related operation, can extract the watermark signal behind the scramble, it is inverted disorderly can obtain image watermark information again;
Six, the reinforcement of image watermark information, clear more variable in order to make watermarking images, the watermarking images that extracts is set up degradation model, and it is done Filtering Processing with the corresponding filter that restores.
In important execution mode of the present invention, adopt Walsh FUNCTION MODULATION watermark signal during watermark signal generates, the effect of two aspects is arranged with strong correlation, the one, strengthen the robustness that attacks of print_scan is resisted in watermark; The 2nd, the correct recovery rate of raising watermark signal.
In the another important embodiment of the invention, the embedment strength that the low-pass filtering of before watermarked original image being carried out, contrast strengthen and BORDER PROCESSING helps improving watermark guarantees not sentience simultaneously, and especially BORDER PROCESSING is that geometric correction before the watermark extracting is provided convenience;
In the another important embodiment of the invention, the embedding of watermark adopts first piecemeal to do wavelet decomposition then, obtain the noise visible function (NVF) of the low frequency sub-band of each sub-piece, then with the NVF value as the vision controlling elements, revise the low frequency sub-band wavelet coefficient embed watermark information of each sub-piece, the method of doing wavelet decomposition behind this first piecemeal has overcome the weakness that wavelet transformation does not have translation, rotation and convergent-divergent consistency to a certain extent, has improved the ability that its opposing local geometric is attacked.
In the another important embodiment of the invention, need before the watermark extracting it is done geometric correction, at first according to the Hausdorff distance of how much invariant features point sets of the metric space of watermarking images and original image whether less than given threshold value, judge whether watermarking images needs to do geometric correction, if necessary, employing is carried out geometric correction based on the fast algorithm computational geometry transformation parameter of Hausdorff distance to watermarking images.
In the another important embodiment of the invention, after watermark signal extracts, it is done further to strengthen handling, strengthen the readability of watermark information.
Digital watermarking embodiment of the present invention still has the robustness that very strong anti printing and scanning is attacked under the situation that embeds jumbo watermark information, can be widely used in the false proof of various certificates, method of operation is simple, it is extensive to be fit to the crowd, also has good application prospects simultaneously on printed matter anti-counterfeitings such as trade mark.Beneficial effect of the present invention is mainly reflected in the following aspects:
The first, the present invention can embed significant jumbo watermark informations such as bianry image, has strengthened the identifiability of watermark information.
The second, the present invention has the robustness that very strong anti printing and scanning is attacked, and can be widely used in the false proof of various certificates and printed matter.
The 3rd, utilization of the present invention can effectively be proofreaied and correct watermark signal at the suffered various geometric attacks of print scanned process based on the geometric correction process of Hausdorff distance, as: rotation, convergent-divergent, translation etc.Algorithm design is simple, and correction time is short, helps satisfying the demand of practical application.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a FB(flow block) of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the generation block diagram of large capacity digital watermark signal of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is an original image preliminary treatment block diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is a watermarked flow chart in photo;
Fig. 5 is a digit water-mark certificate preliminary treatment block diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 6 geometric correction flow chart of the present invention;
Fig. 7 is that block diagram is extracted in digital watermarking of the present invention;
Fig. 8 is that block diagram is handled in the reinforcement of digital water images of the present invention;
Embodiment
The present invention is described in further detail with a kind of preferable specific embodiments in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.The alleged module of the present invention is a kind of combination of method.
The present invention can be divided into watermark embed process 001 and watermark extraction process 002.Wherein telescopiny 001 at first is converted to the picture of the analog form that needs protection with scanner or digital camera 1 picture of digital form, carry out preliminary treatment with 2 pairs of pictures that obtain digital form of module then, module 3 is used to generate the large capacity digital watermark signal, module 4 embed digital watermarks are used printer output analog form picture 5 at last; Watermark extraction process 002 at first will contain the printing picture scanning input of digital watermark information with image collecting devices such as scanner 6, the watermark picture is converted to digital form 7 by analog form, do preliminary treatment with the image of 8 pairs of digital forms of module then, module 9 is extracted digital watermark information and is reverted to identifiable information, and the watermark information of 10 pairs of extractions of module carries out the readable image watermark information 10 that image restoration is finally extracted.The correlation of each part of the present invention is shown in block diagram 1.
As shown in Figure 2, obtain digital form picture and carry out pretreatment module 2 and comprise:
Low-pass filtering process 21 adopts medium filtering,
Contrast strengthens process 22, utilizes the contrast that is provided with in the scanning software to strengthen regulatory function,
Large capacity digital watermark signal generation module 3 is the processes that generate the digital watermark signal 38 with strong correlation, as shown in Figure 3.On the one hand, with key discernible significant original watermark pictorial information 31Arnold scramble 32 is obtained watermark signal 33 behind the scramble; On the other hand, adopt normal state sequencer 34 to generate Walsh function key 35, further generate Walsh function 37, use the watermark signal 38 of Walsh FUNCTION MODULATION scramble then, obtain the watermark signal 39 that is used to embed with this key and Walsh function generator 36.
Digital watermarking merge module 4 is to embed the process of the digital picture 24 after handling through the watermark information after the ovennodulation 39.As shown in Figure 4.May further comprise the steps: the image 24 of obtaining the digital form after the processing; Image is divided into 1～10 sub-piece of N * N and each sub-piece is done wavelet transform (DWT) 41, can specifically select 8 * 8～64 * 64 sub-piece in this example; Ask noise visible function (NVF) value 42 of each sub-piece wavelet field; Choose embedment strength α 43, as the vision controlling elements, revise the low frequency sub-band wavelet coefficient of each sub-piece, F '=F+NVF α F, embed watermark information with the NVF value; The watermark of calculating each fritter is sentience evaluation of estimate NLPE2 and judging whether less than given threshold value 44 not, if satisfy then finish the telescopiny of watermark, otherwise comes back to 43 and revise embedment strength; Carry out discrete wavelet inverse transformation (I DWT) 45, obtain containing the picture 46 of watermark information.The watermark picture pretreatment module 8 that scanner reads is the watermark pictures 7 that the picture 5 usefulness scanner scanning of analog form obtained digital form, adopts geometric correction process 81 that it is carried out the process that geometric correction obtains watermark picture 82 to be extracted then.As shown in Figure 5.Wherein geometric correction process is used for the geometric attacks such as rotation, convergent-divergent and skew that the correct scan process produces.As shown in Figure 6.The 811st, to the process of how much invariant features point sets of the 7 extraction metric spaces of the watermark picture after scanning M; The 812nd, to the process of how much invariant features point sets of original image 2 extraction metric spaces I; 813 calculate the Hausdorff distance between two point sets; Take " adopting the effective target localization method of Hausdorff distance " (' Efficiently Locating Objects Using theHausdorff Distance ' International Jourmal of Computer Vision 24 (3), the method that provides in 251-270 (1991) document, judge calculate the Hausdorff distance whether less than given threshold value 814, if less than given threshold value then the watermarking images 82 of skips steps 814 to 817 after directly obtaining handling, otherwise, utilize the Hausdorff distance, the hunting zone of selected geometric transformation parameter, utilize fast algorithm, calculate geometric transformation parameter accurately 815; The geometric transformation parameter correction watermarking images 816 that utilizes back to obtain; Whether the watermarking images after judge proofreading and correct and the Hausdorff of original image apart from less than given threshold value 817, if less than given threshold value then proofread and correct and finish, the watermarking images 82 after obtaining handling otherwise, returns step 811.
Extract digital watermark information and revert to identifiable information module 9, as shown in Figure 7.Watermarking images 82 after picture piecemeal 91 will be handled is divided into the fritter of 1～10 N * N, and this example can adopt 8 * 8～64 * 64, and each sub-piece is carried out wavelet transform (DWT), extracts low frequency sub-band coefficient 92; With with telescopiny in identical step 34 to the low frequency sub-band wavelet coefficient of 37 Walsh functions that obtain and previous step carry out related calculation 93; The watermark information 94 that extracts; The watermark information of previous step is Arnold is inverted disorderly 95, the watermark signal 96 after obtaining being inverted disorderly; Watermark information after being inverted is disorderly strengthened handling 97, get the watermark signal picture 9 that extracts to the end.
Watermark information after being inverted is disorderly strengthened processing procedure 97, comprise the degradation model process 971 of setting up, selecting filter parameter and recovery filter filtering process 972 are restored filter and can be adopted medium filtering.As shown in Figure 8.
The above only is a preferable embodiment of the present invention, and the various variations that utilize design philosophy of the present invention to do must be contained within this case patent.
Claims (1)
1, anti printing and scanning meaningful digital watermark with large capacity implementation method is characterized in that comprising the following steps:
One, the original image of preliminary treatment watermark to be embedded, original image to digital form is made low-pass filtering, contrast enhancing and BORDER PROCESSING to it earlier before watermarked, the purpose of these processing is to improve the embedment strength of watermark and sentience not comprehensively, also provides convenience for the geometric correction before the watermark extracting simultaneously;
Two, generate the large capacity digital watermark signal, at first will carry out scramble with the Arnold conversion, use the watermark signal behind the Walsh FUNCTION MODULATION scramble then, on the one hand, strengthened the ability that various attack is resisted in watermark as the significant bianry image of digital watermarking; On the other hand, improved the correct recovery rate of watermark;
Three, embed watermark information, the sub-piece that pretreated original image is divided into several N * N, and each sub-piece done wavelet transform, ask the noise visible function NVF value of each sub-piece, choose embedment strength, as the vision controlling elements, revise the low frequency sub-band wavelet coefficient embed watermark information of each sub-piece with the NVF value, can not whether reach the not foundation of sentience as estimating watermark by perceptibility evaluation of estimate NLPE2 with watermark, thereby self adaptation is chosen the embedment strength of each sub-piece;
Four, extract the preceding processing of watermark to watermarking images, extract the geometry invariant features point set M and the I of the metric space of watermarking images and original image respectively, calculate the Hausdorff distance between two point sets, if less than given threshold value then need not to do geometric correction, directly enter watermark extraction process, otherwise, the hunting zone of selected geometric transformation parameter, utilize fast algorithm, calculate geometric transformation parameter accurately, utilize calculate geometric parameter proofread and correct watermarking images;
Five, the extraction of watermark, the fritter that watermarking images after handling is divided into several N * N, and do wavelet transform, the Walsh function that the low frequency sub-band wavelet coefficient is identical with generating watermark signal carries out related operation, can extract the watermark signal behind the scramble, it is inverted disorderly can obtain image watermark information again;
Six, the reinforcement of image watermark information, clear more variable in order to make watermarking images, the watermarking images that extracts is set up degradation model, and it is done Filtering Processing with the corresponding filter that restores.
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| CN102081788B (en) * | 2011-01-11 | 2012-07-25 | 浙江工商大学 | Robust zero-watermarking algorithm against dual print-and-scan based on direct coefficient comparison |
| CN102254293B (en) * | 2011-06-17 | 2013-02-13 | 北京航空航天大学 | Certificate anti-counterfeiting digital watermarking processing method based on mathematical modelling |
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