CN100449242C - Pyrometallurgical reactor cooling element and its manufacture - Google Patents
Pyrometallurgical reactor cooling element and its manufacture Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN100449242C CN100449242C CNB998149551A CN99814955A CN100449242C CN 100449242 C CN100449242 C CN 100449242C CN B998149551 A CNB998149551 A CN B998149551A CN 99814955 A CN99814955 A CN 99814955A CN 100449242 C CN100449242 C CN 100449242C
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- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- cooling
- flow passage
- water flow
- cooling element
- cooling water
- Prior art date
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
- B22D11/04—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths into open-ended moulds
- B22D11/051—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths into open-ended moulds into moulds having oscillating walls
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F1/00—Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
- F28F1/10—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses
- F28F1/40—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only inside the tubular element
Abstract
This invention relates to a method of manufacturing by continuous casting a pyrometallurgical reactor cooling element with flow channels. In order to enhance heat transfer capability, the wall surface area of the flow channel, which is traditionally round or oval in cross-section, is increased without increasing the diameter or length of the flow channel. The invention also relates to the cooling element fabricated by this method.
Description
The present invention relates to make the cooling element that is used for pyrometallurgical reactor, described element has at least one runner, and this kind element is a slurry casting manufacturing by continuous casting then.In order to improve the heat-transfer capability of element, the surface area of this coolant flow channel wall has strengthened with respect to the circular or avette cross section of runner, but does not increase the diameter or the length of this runner.This element that the method thus of the invention still further relates to is made.
The refractory material of consersion unit is to be protected by the water-cooled cooling element in the pyrometallurgy technology, and the feasible heat that arrives refractory surface of the result of cooling compares like this with without the consersion unit that cools off through this cooling element transmission feedwater, can significantly reduce deteriorating of furnace lining.The minimizing of deteriorating is because cooling effect causes forming so-called spontaneous furnace lining, and it is fixed on the surface of thermally-stabilised furnace lining and is to be formed with other materials that are settled out mutually from fusion by slag.
Usually, cooling element is by two kinds of method manufacturings: at first, this element can be prepared by sand casting, and cooling tube for example made of copper is set in the mould that sand forms with highly heat-conductive material at this, and in the casting of above-mentioned cooling tube by air or water cooling.Element around aforementioned tube casting also adopts highly heat-conductive material, and copper preferably.This kind manufacture method for example is described among the BP no.1386645.One of problem of this method be combine with cast material as the aforementioned tube of cooling duct around it irregular, this ducted some may leave element fully around its casting, the part of this pipeline then fully fusion and therewith element fuse.If do not form metal bonding at cooling pipe and between its remainder of casting element, just can not conduct heat effectively.And if the complete fusion of pipeline then will stop cooling-water flow.The casting character of this cast material for example can be by mixing phosphorus with copper, improve the metal bonding that forms between pipeline and cast material and improved, but in this case, even add the heat transfer character (thermal conductivity) that a spot of phosphorus also can significantly weaken copper.The advantage that this method is worth pointing out is that manufacturing expense is lower and irrelevant with size.
Another kind of used manufacture method is that the glass pipe of tunnel-shaped is inserted in the cooling element mould, and is just in addition broken behind the passage of this mould in casting forms element.
United States Patent (USP) 4382585 has been described another kind of manufacturing cooling element method commonly used, and according to this method, cooling element for example is by rolling copper coin by making in the passage of machining necessity wherein.The advantage of the element that this method is made be have densification, solid structure and from then on element to the good heat transfer of refrigerant such as water.Its shortcoming is that size (size) is limited and expensive.
Cooling element is made in a kind of known being used in the prior art for pyrometallurgical plant method is by plug, is that hollow profile is poured into a mould out in slurry casting by continuous casting for example.This element is that the metal by high thermal conductance is made of such as copper.The advantage of the method is to obtain fine and close casting structure and favorable surface quality, and the cooling duct of foundry goods can allow heat from then on element pass to refrigerant well, thereby the influence that all obstruction are conducted heat can not take place, be can not be subjected to any heat transmission resistance that overdoes and cooling water is passed on the surface that can directly be transferred to the cooling duct again when or rather, arriving cooling element from the heat of consersion unit.The cross section of cooling duct generally is circular or avette, and plug then has smooth surface.This cooling duct has been set forth in the United States Patent (USP) 5772955.
Yet,, had better strengthen the heat transfer surface area of element in order to improve the heat-transfer capability of cooling element.To prove as the explanation of back, be do not increase its diameter by the wall area that increases this cooling channels or increase length when realizing above-mentioned purpose according to the present invention.The increase of cooling element runner wall area is by forming groove on this conduit wall in casting, or after casting in passage machining groove or screw thread, make the cross section of this passage still keep circular or avette and realization basically.The result only needs the less temperature difference between water and conduit wall under equal heat, lower cooling element temperature is arranged simultaneously.The invention still further relates to the cooling element of making by this method.Essential characteristic of the present invention will be illustrated in the accompanying Claim book.
The ability that this cooling element receives heat can be expressed from the next:
Q=a * A * Δ T, wherein
The heat that Q=transmitted [W]
Heat transfer coefficient [W/Km between a=conduit wall and the water
2]
A=heat transfer surface area [m
2]
Temperature difference between Δ T=conduit wall and the water [K]
Heat transfer coefficient can be determined by formula Nu=aD/ λ in theory.
The thermal conductivity of λ=water [W/mK]
D=hydraulic diameter [m]
Or Nu=0.023 * Re^0.8Pr^0.4,
Wherein
Re＝wDρ/η
W=speed [m/s]
The hydraulic diameter of D=passage [m]
Density [the Kg/m of ρ=water
3]
η=dynamic viscosity
Pr=Prandt number []
So the above by influencing the temperature difference, heat transfer coefficient or heat transfer surface area, just can influence the heat that sends cooling element to according to this.
The wall and the interchannel temperature difference are subjected to water 100 ℃ of restrictions that boiling is true, and the heat transfer character under the normal pressure significantly degenerates owing to seethe with excitement.In the real work, preferably under the temperature of minimum as far as possible conduit wall, work.
By changing flow velocity, promptly, can influence heat transfer coefficient significantly by influencing the Reynolds number.But this can be subjected to owing to flow velocity in the passage strengthens the restriction that increases pressure loss, and this makes the expense of pump purt cold water increase, and also can significantly increase the investment cost of pump after surpassing certain limit.
Be to influence heat transfer surface area in traditional method by diameter and/or its length that strengthens the cooling duct.The diameter of cooling duct is the water yield that realizes that certain flow rate is required from considering economically and can not unrestrictedly strengthening because the increase of channel diameter also will increase, and also will increase the required energy of pump purt operation in addition but obviously.On the other hand, channel diameter also is subjected to the restriction of cooling element actual size, and for the purpose that reduces investment cost as far as possible, this cooling element preferably makes as much as possible little and light weight.The another kind restriction of length aspect is the actual size of cooling element itself, promptly will be coupled to the size of the cooling duct in the given area.
When needs strengthen the heat transfer area of the cooling element that proposes here, then only need to change the wall shape of mud casting cooling element water stream channel, realize being calculated bigger heat transfer area according to per unit water stream channel length and identical current cross section (under the identical water yield, realizing identical flow rate).In order to strengthen this surface area in this wise, for example can use following method:
In the casting cycle of mud casting cooling element, form at least one water stream channel of circular cross section basically, and after casting, in this passage, process screw thread.
In the slurry casting process of the cooling element of pouring into a mould, form at least one water stream channel of circular cross section basically, and after casting, in this passage, process spiral groove.This groove preferably is pulled through this passage with so-called expanding mandrel and forms.When for example an end blind bore is slotted, can be undertaken by this axle is drawn outward.For the hole of both ends open in the passage, then custom-designed instrument can be pushed away or be pulled through this passage and realize.
The best approach that increases described surface area is to form one or more preferably water stream channel of straight channel type in casting in cooling element.Although carried out this fluting, it is circular or avette that the section shape of this passage remains.Use this method, the mechanical processing steps after avoiding casting.
In all said methods, obviously should have with respect to the casting direction in water stream channel is horizontal passage component, and these parts are for example to be formed by drilling by machined, and the aperture that will not belong to this passage is simultaneously stopped up.
The advantage of that the present invention is above-mentioned increase heat transfer area method was carried out relatively by means of the method for example of being given here and prior art.Example interrelates therewith, has several figure of the present invention that are used for illustrating, wherein:
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of used cooling element in the relevant test;
Fig. 2 is the cross section profile of the cooling element tested;
Fig. 3 a～3d shows the temperature as the melt temperature function at different measuring point place in the cooling element;
Fig. 4 has provided the heat transfer coefficient that measurement result that melt temperature function in view of the above done calculates;
Fig. 5 has provided the cooling water under different cooling class of standardization cooling element and the temperature difference of conduit wall.
Example
By experimental test the cooling element relevant with the present invention, element A, B, C and D described here is dipped in the dark fusion of lead of the about 1cm in bottom surface.Cooling element A has the passage of common smooth surface, and this element is used for comparing and measuring.The quantity of cooling water and be added in this cooling element before and after temperature all pass through careful measurement in these trials.The temperature of inherent seven the different measuring points of the temperature of fusion of lead and cooling element itself was also all carefully measured.
Fig. 1 shows used cooling element 1 in clear these tests, and water stream channel 2 is wherein arranged.The size of this cooling element is as follows: high 300mm, wide 400mm, thick 75mm.Cooling tube or water stream channel are positioned at element 1 as shown in Figure 1, and making at the bottom of the centre-to-centre spacing element of horizontal component in this pipe is 87mm, and each vertical member is 50mm apart from the edge of this tabular cooling element then.The horizontal part of pipe is formed by drilling, and an end in horizontal aperture stops up (not detailed showing).Fig. 1 has also shown the position of temperature survey point T1～T7.Fig. 2 shows the surface configuration of understanding the cooling duct, and table 1 then includes size and every meter the heating surface of calculating and the relevant heat transfer area of the cooling element passage of test.
Table 1
| Diameter mm | Current cross sectional area mm 2 | Heating surface/1m m 2/1m | Relative heat transfer surface area | |
| A | 21.0 | 346 | 0.066 | 1.00 |
| B | 23.0 | 415 | 0.095 | 1.44 |
| C | 23.0 | 484 | 0.127 | 1.92 |
| D | 20.5 | 485 | 0.144 | 2.18 |
Fig. 3 a～3d shows that under all cooling water flow rates, the temperature of cooling element B, C and D all beguine is all low with measurement result according to the reference that cooling element A is done.But because the current cross sectional area of described testpieces different sizes must occur for the technical reason in making, thus can not be directly according to result's comparison heat transfer efficiency of Fig. 3 a～3d.
So these result of the test standardization are as follows:
Heat transfer stable between 2 can be write as
Q=S * λ * (T
1-T
2), wherein
The hot transmission quantity of Q=point-to-point transmission
S=form factor (depending on geometry) [m]
The thermal conductivity of λ=medium [W/mK]
T
1=1 temperature [K]
T
2=2 temperature [K]
Following formula is applied to result of the test, obtains following each amount:
Q=is transferred to the thermal power of measuring of cooling water
The thermal conductivity of λ=copper [W/mK]
T
1=according to testing the temperature of calculating [K] in the element bottom
T
2=according to the temperature [K] of testing the aquaporin wall that calculates
S=imbeds the form factor (this cylindrical length is L, and diameter is D) of finite cylinder in the semo-infinite parts.And this form factor can be according to formula S=2 π L/1n (4z/D), when Z＞1.5D, determine,
Z=is from the immersion depth [m] of cylinder central line measurement.
The heat transfer coefficient of being measured by aforesaid way is given in Fig. 4.According to the multi-variables analysis result, between the heat of heat transfer coefficient and rate of flow of water and transmission feedwater, obtained extremely good correlation.The heat transfer coefficient of the regression equation of each cooling element is given in table 2.
Like this, α [W/m
2K]=c+a * v[m/s]+b * Q[kW]
Table 2
| C | A | b | γ 2 | |
| A | 4078.6 | 1478.1 | 110.1 | 0.99 |
| B | 3865.8 | 1287.2 | 91.6 | 0.99 |
| C | 2448.9 | 1402.1 | 151.2 | 0.99 |
| D | 2056.5 | 2612.6 | 179.7 | 0.99 |
Comparable for these results are become, with the cross sectional area standardization of water stream channel, so that the flow of water is corresponding to identical flow rate.The size of water stream channel and heat transfer surface area are according to flow and flow rate standardization and be given in the table 3.Ying Yubiao 3 size of giving in situation A ', B ', C ' and D ' and above the heat transfer coefficient measured, described conduit wall and water are with respect to the temperature difference under the flow standard situation, function as rate of flow of water, for 5,10,20 and the situation of 30kW heat, with formula Δ T=Q/ (a * A) calculate.
Table 3
| Diameter mm | Current cross sectional area mm 2 | Heating surface/1m m 2/1m | Relative heat transfer surface area | |
| A * | 21.0 | 346 | 0.066 | 1.00 |
| B * | 21.0 | 346 | 0.087 | 1.32 |
| C * | 19.2 | 346 | 0.120 | 1.82 |
| D * | 15.7 | 346 | 0.129 | 1.95 |
These results are shown among Fig. 5.Fig. 5 shows that all cooling elements that make according to the present invention can both be realized the heat transfer effect of some under temperature difference less between water and cooling duct wall, and this has illustrated the validity of the inventive method.For example cooling capacity is 30kW and rate of flow of water when being 3m/s, and above-mentioned wall is as shown in the table under different situations with the error between the water.
Table 4
| ΔT[K] | Relative Δ T[%] | |
| A’ | 38 | 100 |
| B’ | 33 | 85 |
| C’ | 22 | 58 |
| D’ | 24 | 61 |
These results and heating surface relatively the time, can seen, requiredly be used for transmitting the wall of identical heat and be inversely proportional to relative heating surface with temperature difference between the water.This shows that the above-mentioned change surface area of the present invention can influence heat transfer efficiency significantly.
Claims (5)
1. make the method for pyrometallurgical reactor cooling element, described element is to be made through slip-casting by high-termal conductivity copper, and has at least one cooling water flow passage, it is characterized in that:
At least one cooling water flow passage of machining forms cooling element, this cooling water flow passage comprises one group of straight water stream channel part, at least one described water stream channel parts transversely is in another water stream channel part, and each described water stream channel partly has circular cross section; Machining screw thread or spiral slot increase the surface area of the wall of water stream channel part in this cooling element on the inner surface of each water stream channel part then, but do not increase the diameter or the length of this cooling water flow passage.
2. the described method of claim 1 is characterized in that, described spiral slot is to be made by expanding arbor.
3. pyrometallurgical reactor cooling element, it is made and has at least one cooling water flow passage through slip-casting by high-termal conductivity copper, it is characterized in that, described cooling water flow passage is by there being the groove axle to form circular or avette cross section, the wall surface area of this cooling water flow passage increases, but do not increase the diameter of this cooling water flow passage or its length that extends, the rounded cross section of perhaps described cooling water flow passage and be to form by axle, simultaneously after the casting in this cooling water flow passage machining screw thread or spiral slot.
4. the described cooling element of claim 3 is characterized in that, the groove in the cooling water flow passage in described circle or avette cross section is a straight trough.
5. the described cooling element of claim 3 is characterized in that, described spiral slot is formed by expanding arbor.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FI982771 | 1998-12-22 | ||
| FI982771A FI108751B (en) | 1998-12-22 | 1998-12-22 | A method of producing a sliding casting heat sink and a heat sink produced by the method |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1331791A CN1331791A (en) | 2002-01-16 |
| CN100449242C true CN100449242C (en) | 2009-01-07 |
Family
ID=8553169
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB998149551A Expired - Fee Related CN100449242C (en) | 1998-12-22 | 1999-12-14 | Pyrometallurgical reactor cooling element and its manufacture |
Country Status (19)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP1153254B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP2002533649A (en) |
| KR (1) | KR100640706B1 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN100449242C (en) |
| AR (1) | AR021961A1 (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE274683T1 (en) |
| AU (1) | AU768282B2 (en) |
| BR (1) | BR9916469A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2356138C (en) |
| DE (1) | DE69919745T2 (en) |
| EA (1) | EA002584B1 (en) |
| FI (1) | FI108751B (en) |
| ID (1) | ID24579A (en) |
| PE (1) | PE20001446A1 (en) |
| PL (1) | PL193460B1 (en) |
| PT (1) | PT1153254E (en) |
| RS (1) | RS49726B (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2000037870A1 (en) |
| ZA (1) | ZA200104860B (en) |
Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP1548133A1 (en) * | 2003-12-03 | 2005-06-29 | Paul Wurth S.A. | Method of manufacturing a cooling plate and a cooling plate manufactured with this method |
| CA2759548C (en) | 2009-05-06 | 2018-06-26 | Luvata Espoo Oy | Method for producing a cooling element for pyrometallurgical reactor and the cooling element |
| CN101634520B (en) * | 2009-05-31 | 2011-03-30 | 江苏联兴成套设备制造有限公司 | Casting method of cast steel cooling plate |
| FI124223B (en) * | 2010-06-29 | 2014-05-15 | Outotec Oyj | SUSPENSION DEFROSTING OVEN AND CONCENTRATOR |
| CN102489955A (en) * | 2011-12-06 | 2012-06-13 | 阳谷祥光铜业有限公司 | Method for manufacturing cooling element and cooling element |
| JP5983951B2 (en) * | 2013-10-07 | 2016-09-06 | Ｊｆｅスチール株式会社 | Blast furnace stave design method |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1352815A (en) * | 1971-04-09 | 1974-05-15 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | Method of and apparatus for continuous casting of finned metal tubes |
| US4995252A (en) * | 1989-03-06 | 1991-02-26 | Carrier Corporation | Method and apparatus for internally enhancing heat exchanger tubing |
Family Cites Families (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB191416474A (en) * | 1914-07-10 | 1915-10-11 | Carl Schilling | An Improved Process for Rectifying Spirit in Periodically Working Apparatus. |
| JPS60121045A (en) * | 1983-12-05 | 1985-06-28 | Kuroki Kogyosho:Kk | Heat exchanger and its production |
| JPH0471742A (en) * | 1990-07-10 | 1992-03-06 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | Manufacture of tube having complicated section hole |
| FI98380C (en) * | 1994-02-17 | 1997-06-10 | Outokumpu Eng Contract | Method and apparatus for suspension melting |
| JPH10166036A (en) * | 1996-12-11 | 1998-06-23 | Hitachi Cable Ltd | Manufacture of tube having groove on internal surface, and its device |
| JP3907707B2 (en) * | 1997-01-08 | 2007-04-18 | ポール・ヴルス・エス・ア | Manufacturing method of cooling plate for steel making and steel making furnace |
| DE19732537C1 (en) * | 1997-07-23 | 1999-03-04 | Mannesmann Ag | Waste heat boiler |
-
1998
- 1998-12-22 ID IDP991166D patent/ID24579A/en unknown
- 1998-12-22 FI FI982771A patent/FI108751B/en active
-
1999
- 1999-12-14 EP EP99961080A patent/EP1153254B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-12-14 CA CA002356138A patent/CA2356138C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1999-12-14 BR BR9916469-8A patent/BR9916469A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1999-12-14 DE DE69919745T patent/DE69919745T2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1999-12-14 PL PL99349155A patent/PL193460B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1999-12-14 PT PT99961080T patent/PT1153254E/en unknown
- 1999-12-14 EA EA200100690A patent/EA002584B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1999-12-14 AU AU17818/00A patent/AU768282B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1999-12-14 WO PCT/FI1999/001029 patent/WO2000037870A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1999-12-14 CN CNB998149551A patent/CN100449242C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1999-12-14 RS YUP-448/01A patent/RS49726B/en unknown
- 1999-12-14 AT AT99961080T patent/ATE274683T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1999-12-14 JP JP2000589886A patent/JP2002533649A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1999-12-14 KR KR1020017007839A patent/KR100640706B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1999-12-21 AR ARP990106633A patent/AR021961A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1999-12-22 PE PE1999001308A patent/PE20001446A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
-
2001
- 2001-06-14 ZA ZA200104860A patent/ZA200104860B/en unknown
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1352815A (en) * | 1971-04-09 | 1974-05-15 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | Method of and apparatus for continuous casting of finned metal tubes |
| US4995252A (en) * | 1989-03-06 | 1991-02-26 | Carrier Corporation | Method and apparatus for internally enhancing heat exchanger tubing |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP2002533649A (en) | 2002-10-08 |
| EP1153254A1 (en) | 2001-11-14 |
| AU1781800A (en) | 2000-07-12 |
| EA002584B1 (en) | 2002-06-27 |
| KR20010099863A (en) | 2001-11-09 |
| PL349155A1 (en) | 2002-07-01 |
| EA200100690A1 (en) | 2001-12-24 |
| FI982771A (en) | 2000-06-23 |
| AU768282B2 (en) | 2003-12-04 |
| DE69919745T2 (en) | 2005-01-20 |
| CN1331791A (en) | 2002-01-16 |
| WO2000037870A1 (en) | 2000-06-29 |
| ATE274683T1 (en) | 2004-09-15 |
| FI108751B (en) | 2002-03-15 |
| PL193460B1 (en) | 2007-02-28 |
| YU44801A (en) | 2003-12-31 |
| PE20001446A1 (en) | 2000-12-28 |
| RS49726B (en) | 2008-04-04 |
| KR100640706B1 (en) | 2006-10-31 |
| DE69919745D1 (en) | 2004-09-30 |
| EP1153254B1 (en) | 2004-08-25 |
| BR9916469A (en) | 2001-09-25 |
| CA2356138C (en) | 2007-08-14 |
| AR021961A1 (en) | 2002-09-04 |
| FI982771A0 (en) | 1998-12-22 |
| ZA200104860B (en) | 2001-12-14 |
| PT1153254E (en) | 2004-11-30 |
| CA2356138A1 (en) | 2000-06-29 |
| ID24579A (en) | 2000-07-27 |
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