CN100448960C - Application of modified biological diesel oil as low sulfur diesel oil antiwear agent - Google Patents
Application of modified biological diesel oil as low sulfur diesel oil antiwear agent Download PDFInfo
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- CN100448960C CN100448960C CNB2005101351773A CN200510135177A CN100448960C CN 100448960 C CN100448960 C CN 100448960C CN B2005101351773 A CNB2005101351773 A CN B2005101351773A CN 200510135177 A CN200510135177 A CN 200510135177A CN 100448960 C CN100448960 C CN 100448960C
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Abstract
The invention provides a method of applying modified biodiesel as low sulfur diesel antiwear agent, comprising: adding modified biodiesel of 10- 2000ppm into low sulfur diesel, said modified biodiesel is produced through a 1-20 hour reaction with biodiesel and fatty alcohol or organic amine according to molar ratio of 1: 0.1- 5 at 50- 300 Deg. C . The biodiesel is the product of exchange between natural oil and fat and ester of low-carbon alcohol. By adding modified biodiesel into diesel with sulfur concentration lower than 500ppm can dramatically improve the lubricating property for low sulfur diesel.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to diesel antiwear additive, definite saying so improves the additive (also being oiliness additive) of Lubricity of Low-Sulfur Diesel Fuels, causes the wearing and tearing of pump because of the fuel of burning poor lubricity to prevent diesel motor.
Technical background
Along with the pay attention to day by day of countries in the world to environmental issue, pollute in order to reduce diesel exhaust gas, produce high-quality clean diesel, become the developing direction of modern petroleum refining industry.This diesel oil has generally that sulphur content is low, and it is low to contain aromatic hydrocarbons, cetane value height, characteristics such as cut is light.Studies show that sulphur is the harmful element that increases CH, CO, particularly pellet (PM) in the diesel engine emissions, so it is particularly important to improving topsoil to reduce in the diesel oil sulphur content.The present diesel oil specification of the U.S., Canada, every Western Europe country, all regulation diesel oil contains the S amount less than 0.05%, some country even to less than 0.0015%, aromaticity content is also lower.Because they have generally adopted harsh hydrogenation technique, the content that polarity in the diesel oil contains oxygen, nitrogenous compound is all very low, the content of many rings, double ring arene is also less, thereby reduced the natural lubricity of diesel oil, some oil injection pumps that rely on diesel oil itself to be lubricated have been caused, wearing and tearing occur as rotor pump (rotarypumps), proportioning pump (distributor pumps), reduced their work-ing life.
The diesel fuel lubricity problem comes across Northern Europe the earliest, the early 1990s in last century, the low-sulfur diesel-oil first kind diesel oil sulphur content that Sweden produces is less than 10ppm, aromatic hydrocarbons is less than 5%, the second class sulphur content is less than 50ppm, aromatic hydrocarbons is less than 20%, and the fraction of this diesel oil is essentially kerosene fraction (95% boiling range is not more than 285 ℃) in addition, thereby has reduced the natural lubricity of diesel oil.When this diesel oil was sold on market, the oil injection pump wear problem had appearred in the diesel vehicle that begins nearly 70 light loads.The U.S. is when promoting the use of low-sulfur diesel-oil, and also lubrication problem appearred in report, and especially the winter is with low cloud point diesel oil, and when sulphur content is low to 0.01% the time, because the oil product poor lubricity, viscosity is low, under these two factor dual functions, is prone to the oil injection pump wear problem.
In diesel oil, add additive and can alleviate this problem.Use the method for additive to have advantages such as cost is little, production is flexible, pollution is few, pay attention to widely industrial being subjected to.
Diesel antiwear additive mostly is the derivative of fatty acid ester, acid amides or salt.EP773279 discloses and has used the carboxylicesters of dimeracid and hydramine prepared in reaction as diesel antiwear additive.EP798364 discloses with the salt of lipid acid and aliphatic amide prepared in reaction or acid amides as diesel antiwear additive.EP 1209217 discloses C
6～C
50The reaction product of saturated fatty acid and dicarboxylic acid and short chain oils dissolubility primary, the second month in a season, tertiary amine is as diesel antiwear additive.WO9915607 discloses the reaction product of dimer (fatty acid) yl and epoxide as diesel antiwear additive.With lipid acid is that raw material production anti-wear agent cost is higher relatively.
CS275894, EP605857 disclose with natural fats and oils such as rapeseed oil, sunflower oil, castor-oil plant wet goods directly as diesel antiwear additive.Though these products have advantages such as raw material is easy to get, price is more cheap, result of use is relatively poor relatively, because its viscosity is big, separates out easily at low temperatures simultaneously, and this practical application to it is also made troubles.
Biofuel also can directly be used as the low-sulfur diesel-oil anti-wear agent, it is addition nearly unavailable fruit after a little while, general consumption is suitable with the effect of anti-wear agent commonly used 0.005%～0.02% consumption greater than 0.5% o'clock effect, so relatively poor as the additive economy with it.
US5,891,203 disclose biofuel and the compound use of fatty acid diethanolamine derivative as diesel antiwear additive, but its also to have compatibleness and lipid acid be that raw material production anti-wear agent cost is relative to problems such as height.
Summary of the invention
The present invention provides a kind of with the application method of modification biological diesel oil as the low-sulfur diesel-oil anti-wear agent based on prior art.
Provided by the invention the application method of modification biological diesel oil as the low-sulfur diesel-oil anti-wear agent comprised: add modification biological diesel oil in low-sulfur diesel-oil, said modification biological diesel oil is reacted with Fatty Alcohol(C12-C14 and C12-C18) or organic amine by biofuel and obtains.
Said biofuel is meant that natural fats and oils and low-carbon alcohol are (as C
1～C
5Fatty Alcohol(C12-C14 and C12-C18)) fatty acid ester of low-carbon alcohol that generates through transesterify (alcoholysis) reaction is generally fatty acid methyl ester, i.e. the ester exchange offspring of natural fats and oils and methyl alcohol.
Said natural fats and oils can be a vegetables oil, also can be animal oil.For example peanut oil, Semen Maydis oil, Oleum Gossypii semen, rape seed oil, soybean oil, plam oil, Thistle oil, linseed oil, Oleum Cocois, Viscotrol C, sesame oil, sweet oil, sunflower oil, Yatall MA (Tall Oil), lard, butter, fish oil etc., can be fresh grease, also can be the waste oil that reclaims.
Production of biodiesel technology open or that be widely known by the people has multiple, and modal is to come catalyzed transesterification with catalyzer, i.e. natural fats and oils and low-carbon alcohol alcoholysis under catalyst action is fatty acid ester of low-carbon alcohol and glycerine.Generally the catalyzer of Shi Yonging mainly is a bronsted lowry acids and bases bronsted lowry, for example sulfuric acid, tosic acid etc. of acid wherein, and alkali is sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium methylate, yellow soda ash, methyl cyclohexylamine, triethylamine, piperidines etc. for example; Also can make catalyzer with lipase.
Except with the catalyzer, can also adopt critical method and supercritical methanol technology etc. under the catalyst-free condition by transesterify production biofuel.This needs High Temperature High Pressure and methyl alcohol excessive in a large number, and advantage is that the transesterify process is simple, safety and efficient.
In addition, except ester exchange process, also can be by thermo-cracking production biofuel.
Because the present invention uses biofuel as raw material, the biofuel that therefore no matter which kind of mode obtains all can be used for the present invention.
Described Fatty Alcohol(C12-C14 and C12-C18) with the biofuel reaction can be one or more in monohydroxy-alcohol, polyvalent alcohol or the amino alcohol etc., preferred polyol and amino alcohol.Wherein monohydroxy-alcohol is selected from C
2～C
6Alkanol, polyvalent alcohol are C
2～C
18Hydroxyl quantity is 2～6 polyvalent alcohol, as ethylene glycol, glycol ether (glycol ether), Triethylene glycol (triglycol), polyoxyethylene glycol, glycerol, propylene glycol (as 1,2-propylene glycol, 1, ammediol), butyleneglycol, pentanediol, hexylene glycol, heptanediol, ethohexadiol, nonanediol, decanediol, tetramethylolmethane, sorbyl alcohol, anhydrous sorbitol, TriMethylolPropane(TMP) (TMP) etc.Preferred C
2～C
12Polyvalent alcohol, more preferably C
2～C
6Polyvalent alcohol is as the propylene glycol of ethylene glycol, glycol ether, Triethylene glycol, glycerol, various isomer, butyleneglycol, pentanediol, hexylene glycol, tetramethylolmethane etc.Described amino alcohol is selected from C
2～C
6Amino alcohol, 2-amino-1 for example, ammediol, 3-amino-1, one or more in 2-propylene glycol, 3-amino-1-propyl alcohol, thanomin, diethanolamine, N methyldiethanol amine and the trolamine.
Described organic amine can be one or more in aliphatic amide, polyamines polyene, Cycloalkyl amine, heterocyclic amine and the alkoxy polyamine etc.Wherein aliphatic amide is C
1～C
10Aliphatic amide can be primary amine or secondary amine, preferred C
2～C
6Alkylamine, as ethamine, propylamine, butylamine, amylamine, hexylamine etc., just structure and isomery all can.Described polyamines polyene structural formula is H
2N[(CH
2)
nNH]
mH, wherein n is 2～4, preferred 2～3 integer, m are 1～5, preferred 3～4 integer.As quadrol, diethylenetriamine, triethylene tetramine, tetraethylene pentamine, five ethene hexamines, propylene diamine, two propylene triamines, three propylene tetramines, tetrapropylene five amine, five propylene hexamines etc.Preferred diethylenetriamine, triethylene tetramine, tetraethylene pentamine and five ethene hexamines.Cycloalkyl amine can be cyclopentamine, hexahydroaniline etc.; Heterocyclic amine can be morpholine, piperazine etc.
Described alkoxy polyamine be by polyamines polyene and epoxide with 1: 0.5～10, the reaction product of preferred 1: 1～5 mol ratios, described polyamines polyene structural formula is H
2N[(CH
2)
nNH]
mH, wherein n is 2～4, preferred 2～3 integer, m are 1～5, preferred 3～4 integer.As quadrol, diethylenetriamine, triethylene tetramine, tetraethylene pentamine, five ethene hexamines, propylene diamine, two propylene triamines, three propylene tetramines, tetrapropylene five amine, five propylene hexamines etc.Preferred diethylenetriamine, triethylene tetramine, tetraethylene pentamine and five ethene hexamines.Described epoxide optimization ethylene oxide, 1,2 epoxy prapane, 1, the 2-butylene oxide ring.
When biofuel is carried out modified-reaction, biofuel and Fatty Alcohol(C12-C14 and C12-C18) or organic amine can be according to reaction with same mole, wherein a certain raw material also can be suitably excessive, and the existence of a small amount of unreacted raw material is to the not obviously influence of the anti-wear effect of modification biological diesel oil in low-sulfur diesel-oil.The mol ratio of the two of recommending is 1: 0.1～5, preferred 1: 0.2～3, be preferably 1: 0.5～and 2.Because biofuel generally all is the mixed methyl aliphatic ester based on 18 carbonic acid, for ease of calculating feed ratio, its molecular weight can be considered as identical with Witconol 2301 (molecular weight 296).
This is reflected under 50～300 ℃ of temperature and all can carries out, preferred 80～250 ℃.Reaction times is limited to till low-carbon alcohol (as methyl alcohol) no longer generates, and gets final product preferred 2～10 hours in general 1～20 hour.Reaction can be used acid catalysis such as sulfuric acid, tosic acid etc., also can use base catalysis such as sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium methylate, yellow soda ash, N-methylcyclohexylamine, triethylamine, piperidines etc.; Can also be without catalyzer.
The sulphur content of said low-sulfur diesel-oil is less than 500ppm.The addition of modification biological diesel oil provided by the invention in low-sulfur diesel-oil generally is 10～2000ppm, preferred 50～1000ppm, more preferably 80～500ppm.
According to using needs, additive provided by the invention can also with other additive, use simultaneously as FLOW IMPROVERS, cetane number improver, detergent-dispersant additive, metal passivator, sanitas etc.
The application method raw material of modification biological diesel oil provided by the invention is easy to get, with low cost, produce easyly, use the oilness that can significantly improve low-sulfur diesel-oil as diesel antiwear additive.
Embodiment
In these embodiments, the oilness of diesel oil according to CEC-F-06-A-96 or the described method of ISO/FDIS12156-1 (American process is ASTM D-6079-97) at the reciprocal trier of high frequency (High-Frequency Reciprocating Rig, grinding defect diameter (Wear Scar Diameter when HFRR) upward (production of Britain PCS instrument company) measures 60 ℃, WSD), by the influence of temperature and humidity is proofreaied and correct the WS1.4 that reports the result.The performance of used biofuel A, B, C, D is as shown in table 1:
The physicochemical property of table 1 biofuel
*: massfraction
Wherein biofuel A is the fatty acid methyl ester that " two low " rape seed oil (content of erucic acid is low, and glucosinolate content is low) generates through transesterify; B is the fatty acid methyl ester that soybean oil generates through transesterify; C is the fatty acid methyl ester that catering trade waste oil generates through transesterify; D is the fatty acid methyl ester that common Lay seed oil generates through transesterify.
Example 1
200g biofuel A, 100g trolamine (mol ratio of biofuel A and trolamine is about 1: 2) and 6g sodium methylate/methanol solution are placed a reactor that electric mixer, thermometer, reflux condensing tube and reflux water-dividing device be housed, heated and stirred is warming up to 150 ℃, reacted 5 hours, tell the about 17.5g of methyl alcohol, be cooled to 80 ℃ and add the neutralization of 12g acidic white earth again, filter and promptly get product.
Example 2
200g biofuel B and 79g triethylene tetramine (mol ratio of biofuel B and triethylene tetramine is about 1: 0.8) are placed a reactor that electric mixer, thermometer, reflux condensing tube, reflux water-dividing device and nitrogen ingress pipe be housed, fed nitrogen 5～10 minutes, and in reaction process, keep very faint nitrogen gas stream, heated and stirred is warming up to 130 ℃, back flow reaction 7 hours, tell methyl alcohol 14.9g, cooling promptly gets product.
Example 3
200g biofuel C, 68g glycerine (mol ratio of biofuel C and glycerine is about 1: 1.1) and the 2g vitriol oil are placed a reactor that electric mixer, thermometer, reflux condensing tube, reflux water-dividing device and nitrogen ingress pipe be housed, fed nitrogen 5～10 minutes, and in reaction process, keep very faint nitrogen gas stream, heated and stirred is warming up to 140 ℃, back flow reaction 6 hours, tell methyl alcohol 17.3g, be cooled to 70 ℃ and add 1.7gCa (OH) again
2Neutralization, 3g diatomite helps filter, the filtering reaction product, filtrate is product.
Example 4
200g biofuel D, 64g tetraethylene pentamine and 29g morpholine (mol ratio of biofuel D and tetraethylene pentamine, morpholine is about 1: 0.5: 0.5) are placed a reactor that electric mixer, thermometer, reflux condensing tube, reflux water-dividing device and nitrogen ingress pipe be housed, fed nitrogen 5～10 minutes, and in reaction process, keep very faint nitrogen gas stream, heated and stirred is warming up to 135 ℃, back flow reaction 8 hours, tell methyl alcohol 12.3g, cooling is product.
Example 5
This example is the result of use of additive in diesel oil that example 1～4 makes.Select huge port 0 for use
#Mixed oil (a) and Nanjing white oil (b).Its physicochemical property sees Table 2, and HFRR method (ISO12156-1) the grinding defect diameter WS 1.4 that adds agent front and back diesel oil sees Table 2, and wherein more little, the average oil film rate of formation of grinding defect diameter oilness big more, the more little then diesel oil of average friction coefficient is good more.Most in the world at present diesel oil standards for example European standard EN 590-2004, Chinese derv fuel oil standard GB/T19147, the provincial standard DB11/239-2004 of derv fuel oil Beijing are the qualified foundation of diesel fuel lubricity with grinding defect diameter less than 460um (60 ℃) all.
The physicochemical property of table 2 diesel oil
Table 3 biofuel property-modifying additive is to the improvement of diesel fuel lubricity
By table 3 as can be seen, when biofuel is directly used as diesel antiwear additive, addition nearly unavailable fruit after a little while, and adding Isodose even more low dose of product of the present invention can improve the lubricity of low-sulfur diesel-oil greatly, and therefore diesel antiwear additive provided by the invention can fine its oilness of improving to low-sulfur diesel-oil.
Claims (19)
1. one kind with the application method of modification biological diesel oil as the low-sulfur diesel-oil anti-wear agent, comprise: in low-sulfur diesel-oil, add modification biological diesel oil, said modification biological diesel oil is obtained by biofuel and Fatty Alcohol(C12-C14 and C12-C18) or organic amine reaction, and the addition of modification biological diesel oil in low-sulfur diesel-oil is 10～2000ppm.
2. according to the described application method of claim 1, it is characterized in that said biofuel is by natural fats and oils and C
1～C
5The fatty acid ester of low-carbon alcohol that low-carbon alcohol generates through transesterification reaction.
3. according to claim 1 or 2 described application methodes, it is characterized in that said biofuel is the fatty acid methyl ester that natural fats and oils and methyl alcohol obtain by transesterification reaction.
4. according to the described application method of claim 1, it is characterized in that described Fatty Alcohol(C12-C14 and C12-C18) is C
2～C
6Monohydroxy-alcohol, hydroxyl quantity are 2～6 C
2～C
18Polyvalent alcohol or C
2～C
10In the amino alcohol one or more.
5. according to claim 1 or 4 described application methodes, it is characterized in that, described Fatty Alcohol(C12-C14 and C12-C18) is ethylene glycol, glycol ether, Triethylene glycol, polyoxyethylene glycol, glycerol, propylene glycol, butyleneglycol, pentanediol, hexylene glycol, heptanediol, ethohexadiol, nonanediol, decanediol, tetramethylolmethane, sorbyl alcohol, anhydrous sorbitol, 2-amino-1, ammediol, 3-amino-1, one or more in 2-propylene glycol, 3-amino-1-propyl alcohol, thanomin, diethanolamine, N methyldiethanol amine and the trolamine.
6. according to the described application method of claim 1, it is characterized in that described organic amine is C
1～C
10In aliphatic amide, polyamines polyene, Cycloalkyl amine, heterocyclic amine or the alkoxy polyamine one or more.
7. according to the described application method of claim 6, it is characterized in that described polyamines polyene structural formula is H
2N[(CH
2)
nNH]
mH, wherein n is 2～4 integer, m is 1～5 integer.
8. according to the described application method of claim 7, it is characterized in that described polyamines polyene is selected from one or more in quadrol, diethylenetriamine, triethylene tetramine, tetraethylene pentamine, five ethene hexamines, propylene diamine, two propylene triamines, three propylene tetramines, tetrapropylene five amine, the five propylene hexamines.
9. according to the described application method of claim 6, it is characterized in that Cycloalkyl amine is cyclopentamine or hexahydroaniline, heterocyclic amine is morpholine or piperazine, and alkoxy polyamine is the reaction product of polyamines polyene and epoxide.
10. according to the described application method of claim 1, it is characterized in that the mol ratio of biofuel and Fatty Alcohol(C12-C14 and C12-C18) or organic amine is 1: 0.1～5.
11., it is characterized in that the mol ratio of biofuel and Fatty Alcohol(C12-C14 and C12-C18) or organic amine is 1: 0.5～2 according to claim 1 or 10 described application methodes.
12., it is characterized in that the temperature of reaction of biofuel and Fatty Alcohol(C12-C14 and C12-C18) or organic amine is 50～300 ℃ according to the described application method of claim 1.
13., it is characterized in that the temperature of reaction of biofuel and Fatty Alcohol(C12-C14 and C12-C18) or organic amine is 80～250 ℃ according to claim 1 or 12 described application methodes.
14., it is characterized in that the reaction times of biofuel and Fatty Alcohol(C12-C14 and C12-C18) or organic amine is 1～20 hour according to the described application method of claim 1.
15., it is characterized in that the reaction times of biofuel and Fatty Alcohol(C12-C14 and C12-C18) or organic amine is 2～10 hours according to claim 1 or 14 described application methodes.
16. according to the described application method of claim 1, it is characterized in that the catalyzer that the reaction of biofuel and Fatty Alcohol(C12-C14 and C12-C18) or organic amine is used is sulfuric acid, tosic acid, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium methylate, yellow soda ash, N-methylcyclohexylamine, triethylamine or piperidines.
17., it is characterized in that the addition of modification biological diesel oil in low-sulfur diesel-oil is 50～1000ppm according to the described application method of claim 1.
18., it is characterized in that the addition of modification biological diesel oil in low-sulfur diesel-oil is 80～500ppm according to the described application method of claim 1.
19., it is characterized in that the sulphur content of low-sulfur diesel-oil is less than 500ppm according to the described application method of claim 1.
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| CN101812374B (en) * | 2010-04-09 | 2012-09-05 | 濮阳市诚信钻采助剂有限公司 | Modified fatty acid ester, preparation method and application thereof |
| CN102229837A (en) * | 2011-05-19 | 2011-11-02 | 赵志明 | Antiwear agent for petroleum diesel oil and application method thereof |
| CN103031165B (en) * | 2012-12-12 | 2015-01-07 | 深圳英迪创新科技有限公司 | Fuel additive as well as preparation method and application of fuel additive |
| CN103952193B (en) * | 2014-05-14 | 2016-05-11 | 濮阳市佳华化工有限公司 | A kind of diesel antiwear additive and preparation method thereof |
| CN107400565B (en) * | 2016-05-21 | 2020-09-11 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Low-sulfur diesel antiwear agent and preparation method thereof |
| CN108018092B (en) * | 2016-10-28 | 2020-04-28 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Composition with diesel anti-wear properties, diesel composition and preparation method thereof |
| CN108003950B (en) * | 2016-10-28 | 2020-04-24 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Composition with diesel anti-wear properties, diesel composition and preparation method thereof |
| CN107446634A (en) * | 2017-09-08 | 2017-12-08 | 常州达奥新材料科技有限公司 | A kind of preparation method of low condensation point Low sulfur diesel antiwear additive |
| CN109576063B (en) * | 2017-09-28 | 2022-08-12 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Method for synthesizing low-sulfur diesel antiwear agent by one-step method |
| CN107540539A (en) * | 2017-09-29 | 2018-01-05 | 南京大学昆山创新研究院 | A kind of method that polyol ester is synthesized using biodiesel |
| CN111349493B (en) * | 2018-12-21 | 2021-04-06 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Clean low-sulfur diesel oil lubricity improver and preparation method thereof |
| CN111349522B (en) * | 2018-12-21 | 2022-11-11 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Preparation method and application of modified vegetable oil fatty acid methyl ester |
| CN111349484B (en) * | 2018-12-21 | 2021-04-06 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Low-sulfur diesel modifier and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN111349663B (en) * | 2018-12-21 | 2023-02-03 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Modification method and application of vegetable oil fatty acid methyl ester |
| CN111349521B (en) * | 2018-12-21 | 2022-11-11 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Modified vegetable oil fatty acid methyl ester and synthesis method and application thereof |
| CN111349491B (en) * | 2018-12-21 | 2022-04-08 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Modified vegetable oil fatty acid methyl ester and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN112779063B (en) * | 2019-11-11 | 2022-12-09 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Low-sulfur diesel antiwear agent and preparation method and application thereof |
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