CN100448175C - Finger time tracker system - Google Patents

Finger time tracker system Download PDF

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Publication number
CN100448175C
CN100448175C CNB200510102777XA CN200510102777A CN100448175C CN 100448175 C CN100448175 C CN 100448175C CN B200510102777X A CNB200510102777X A CN B200510102777XA CN 200510102777 A CN200510102777 A CN 200510102777A CN 100448175 C CN100448175 C CN 100448175C
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time
multipath
peak
finger
refers
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CN1741402A (en
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许晓斌
臧侃
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ZHEJIANG HUALI COMMUNICATION GROUP CO Ltd
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ZHEJIANG HUALI COMMUNICATION GROUP CO Ltd
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Abstract

The present invention provides a novel high precision and high integration Finger time tracing mechanism and a corresponding Finger time tracker. Three paths of pilot I/Q symbol sequences of time lead, time delay and time synchronization are demodulated from original I/Q code pieces in an analog baseband system, and the optimal pilot I/Q symbol sequence is determined by comparing the prompt energy of the pilot I/Q symbol sequences. Consequently, the optimal sample time for the original I/Q code pieces from the analog baseband system is obtained, and the regulation quantity of the current sample time for the original I/Q code pieces from the analog baseband system is also determined. The obtained regulation quantity of the current sample time is fed back to a sampling unit of the original I/Q code pieces so as to control the sampling unit to regulate sample time, so that a Finger time tracking loop is formed, and an intact Finger time tracking mechanism is realized. The Finger time tracking mechanism has the advantages of simple structure, small complexity, low calculation cost, high tracking precision, easy realization and strong practicability, is especially suitable to be embedded in a communication chip in the form of hardware, and can be directly applied to commerce.

Description

Multipath refers to the peak time tracker
Technical field:
The present invention proposes the Finger time tracker in a kind of novel, high integration, high accuracy, the embeddable Rake receiver, can be used for realizing high integration, high accuracy, Embedded Rake receiver.The patented technology that the present invention proposes belongs to moving communicating field.
Background technology:
RAKE diversity receiving technology (being commonly called as path diversity) is the key technology of the CDMA mobile communication system of fdd mode and tdd mode.The basic principle of RAKE receiver is exactly that those amplitudes are obviously taken out greater than the multipath component of noise background, it is delayed time and phasing, make it at a time to align, and merge by certain rule, become vector and merge into the algebraically summation, effectively utilize multipath component, improve the effect of rake.
General RAKE receiver by searcher (Searcher), refer to that peak (Finger) demodulating unit, 3 modules of combiner (Combiner) form.Searcher is finished route searching, and cardinal principle is to utilize the auto-correlation and the their cross correlation of sign indicating number.Finger finishes despreading, the orthogonal channel demodulation of signal, and the number of Finger has determined the number of path that the orthogonal channel demodulation can be used, and RAKE receiver of cdma base station system is made up of 4 Finger usually, and travelling carriage is made up of 3 Finger.Combiner is finished the merging of the signal of a plurality of demodulator outputs and is handled, and general merge algorithm has selecting type addition merging, equal gain combining, high specific to merge 3 kinds.Signal after the merging outputs to the channel-decoding unit, carries out channel-decoding and handles.
Usually, because there are certain deviation in the local carrier frequency of travelling carriage and the carrier frequency of base station, and travelling carriage can cause the transmission multipath of radio wave between from the base station to the travelling carriage to be in the continuous change procedure in moving process, so the chip time that travelling carriage receives the base station transmission also can constantly change.In this case, for guaranteeing that the Rake receiver can correctly receive and demodulate the chip through the expansion modulation that the base station sends, the Rake receiver must possess a kind of mechanism, make it accurately to follow the tracks of the variation of the chip time that receives the base station transmission, thereby can keep synchronously receiving all the time the chip that the base station sends.This mechanism is exactly Rake receiver inside " Finger time-tracking mechanism ".In other words, Finger time-tracking mechanism refers to: the mechanism that all has the chip of independently synchronously following the trail of and receive the base station transmission at each Finger of Rake receiver.
Summary of the invention:
Purpose of design: the present invention proposes " Finger time-tracking mechanism " and the corresponding Finger time-tracking device of a kind of novel, high accuracy, high integration.Based on the Finger time-tracking device that the present invention proposes, can realize the Finger demodulator and the Rake receiver of complete function, high accuracy, high integration.This " Finger time-tracking mechanism " and corresponding Finger time-tracking device always in the original I of self simulation baseband system/Q chip (random sequence) demodulate time lead, time delay, time synchronized three tunnel pilot tone I/Q symbol sebolic addressings, by to (leading, postpone, synchronously) instantaneous energy of three tunnel pilot tone I/Q symbol sebolic addressings relatively, determine wherein best pilot tone I/Q symbol sebolic addressing, thereby obtain optimum sampling time, also promptly determined adjustment amount from current sampling time of the original I/Q chip of Analog Baseband system from the original I/Q chip of Analog Baseband system.Then, the adjustment amount in current sampling time of drawing is fed back to the sampling unit of original I/Q chip, the control sampling unit is adjusted the sampling time point, thereby constitutes " Finger time-tracking " loop, realizes complete " Finger time-tracking mechanism ".
Design: the present invention proposes the block diagram of " Finger time-tracking mechanism " and corresponding Finger time-tracking unit, as shown in Figure 1.
According to the present invention, the complete Finger time-tracking loop among each Finger (demodulating unit) is by constituting with lower member:
1.Finger the random sequence descrambling module;
2.Finger lock indicator;
3.Finger control unit;
4.Finger time-tracking unit.
In the Finger demodulating unit, utilize the random sequence descrambling module of Finger, always (random sequence) demodulates time lead, time delay, time synchronized three tunnel pilot tone I/Q symbol sebolic addressings in the original I of self simulation baseband system/Q chip, compare by instantaneous energy, so that further therefrom determine wherein best pilot tone I/Q symbol sebolic addressing again (leading, delay, synchronous) three tunnel pilot tone I/Q symbol sebolic addressings.
The randomization sign indicating number that random sequence descrambling unit by using randomization sign indicating number sequencer produces is finished the I/Q data sequence of owing sampler from integration is carried out the random sequence descrambling.Integration is owed sampler and is finished the short period integration, and the result that integration draws is constituted new sequence, because new sequence is lower than the speed of original I/Q sequence, thereby is referred to as to owe sampled sequence.
Integration is owed the output of sampler, send into randomization sign indicating number descrambling unit after, be divided into synchronous random sequence descrambler of three tunnel, one tunnel time of delivery (TOD), leading random sequence descrambler of the second tunnel time of delivery (TOD), Third Road time of delivery (TOD) delay random sequence descrambler.The I/Q chip time of the I/Q chip time ratio time synchronized random sequence descrambler descrambles of the descrambling of time lead random sequence descrambler shifts to an earlier date 3/M chip, and wherein M is the integration chip lengths (being the i/q signal speed of Analog Baseband input and the ratio between the random code sequence rate) that integration is owed sampler.And an I/Q chip 3/M time lag chip of the I/Q chip time ratio time synchronized random sequence descrambler descrambles of the descrambling of time delay random sequence descrambler.
The Finger lock indicator is used to indicate whether locked current area pilot tone of this Finger demodulating unit.Only indicate under the prerequisite of locked current area pilot tone at the Finger lock indicator, Finger time-tracking loop is just understood the variation that pursuit tracking receives the chip time of base station transmission, carries out " Finger time-tracking ".
The Finger control unit sends adjustment of random sequence chip offset and/or time delay and adjusts signal to the random sequence code generator according to Finger locking indication, and control random sequence code generator is adjusted chip offset and/or time delay.
Finger time-tracking unit is the core component of Finger time-tracking ring.In the present invention, Finger time-tracking unit is made of following main functional modules:
(1) IIR (infinite impulse response) filter;
(2) forgetting factor generator;
(3) divider;
(4) comparator;
(5) threshold value generator;
(6) accumulator;
(7) renewal rate exciter.
In the present invention, the synchronous and sample time of Finger to original I/Q chip be followed the tracks of and be adjusted in Finger time-tracking unit can according to the temporal resolution of 1/M original I/Q chip chip (from analog baseband circuitry).M is the speed of original I/Q chip (from analog baseband circuitry) and the ratio between the Rake receiver internal random sequence code speed.
In the present invention, the complete Finger time-tracking loop of each Finger (demodulating unit) is that random sequence descrambling module, Finger lock indicator and the Finger time-tracking unit by Finger constitutes jointly.
(synchronously, leading, postpone) three road I/Q data sequences of random sequence descrambling unit, promptly obtain (synchronously, leading, postpone) three road I/Q symbol sebolic addressings through separately I/Q integration gatherer.Behind the prompt character energy that calculates three road I/Q symbol sebolic addressings respectively, three road prompt character energy sequence are sent to the Finger time-tracking element.Wherein, leading, delay two-way I/Q prompt character energy sequence is subtracted each other, and the result who obtains synchronously passes through the filtering of iir filter more respectively with synchronous I/Q prompt character energy sequence.Filtered two-way sequential value keeps synchronously sending into a divider and carries out the phase division operation, and the result after being divided by sends into a comparator, compares with the threshold value that is provided with one by one.Relatively accumulator is sent in output, adds up one by one.Accumulation result takes out according to renewal rate, sends to the sampling unit of original I/Q chip as the adjustment amount in sampling time, and the control sampling unit is adjusted the sampling time point.
The above is the basic principle and the process of Finger time-tracking, below sets forth the relevant algorithm of Finger time-tracking.
1. descrambling is exported synchronous, leading, delay three road I/Q symbol sebolic addressings
(1) leading I/Q symbol sebolic addressing note is done:
1) leading I symbol sebolic addressing S Ei(n)
2) leading Q symbol sebolic addressing S Eq(n)
(2) postponing I/Q symbol sebolic addressing note does:
1) postpones I symbol sebolic addressing S Li(n)
2) postpone Q symbol sebolic addressing S Lq(n)
(3) time synchronized I/Q symbol sebolic addressing note is done:
1) time synchronized I symbol sebolic addressing S Oi(n)
2) time synchronized Q symbol sebolic addressing S Oq(n)
2.Finger indication (output of Finger control unit) B Nf(n)
B Nf(n)=1, represent that this Finger is a Finger that new search arrives, and need reinitialize tracing process;
B Nf(n)=0, represent that this Finger is a Finger who has searched before,, do not need to reinitialize process.
3. corresponding to instantaneous energy sequences synchronous, leading, delay three road I/Q symbol sebolic addressings
With synchronously, instantaneous energy sequences leading, that postpone three road I/Q symbol sebolic addressings remember respectively and make S Op(n), S Ep(n) S Lp(n), then have following formula to set up:
S ep ( n ) = S ei 2 ( n ) + S eq 2 ( n )
S op ( n ) = S oi 2 ( n ) + S oq 2 ( n )
S lp ( n ) = S li 2 ( n ) + S lq 2 ( n )
With a window index filter to S Op(n), S Ep(n), S Lp(n) carry out filtering
If B Nf(n)=1
S e(n)＝S ep(n)
S o(n)＝S op(n)
S l(n)＝S lp(n)
Otherwise
S e(n)＝β·S e(n-1)+(1-β)·S ep(n)
S o(n)＝β·S o(n-1)+(1-β)·S op(n) (EQ1)
S l(n)＝β·S l(n-1)+(1-β)·S lp(n)
5. following ratio such as meter
r ( n ) = S l ( n ) - S e ( n ) S o ( n ) - - - ( EQ 2 )
6. if n=iT then for k finger, realizes the Finger time tracking according to following algorithm:
(1) if for any one Finger l (l ≠ k), below condition be met
R (n)＞d Th, and | (t PN, k(n-1)-1/M)-t PN, l(n) | 〉=d Min(EQ3)
Then k finger shifts to an earlier date the time of following the tracks of, promptly
t PN，k＝t PN，k-1/M (EQ4)
(2) if for any one Finger l (l ≠ k), below condition be met
R (n)＜d Th, and | (t PN, k(n-1)+1/M)-t PN, l(n) | 〉=d Min(EQ5)
Then k finger is with the time delay of following the tracks of, promptly
t PN，k＝t PN，k+1/M (EQ6)
Above various in, the meaning of each parameter symbol is as follows:
β: the forgetting factor of window index iir filter;
T: time tracking is proofreaied and correct at interval;
d Th: be used for the comparison threshold value that time tracking is proofreaied and correct;
d Min: the minimum that allows between the different Finger is followed the tracks of (sampling) time gap.
Technical scheme: the Finger time-tracking device of novel high-precision high integration, this Finger time-tracking device comprises following functional module in its Finger time-tracking unit except that the Finger random sequence descrambling module that uses general Finger time-tracking device to comprise usually, Finger lock indicator, Finger control unit, Finger time-tracking unit:
(1) IIR (infinite impulse response) filter;
(2) forgetting factor generator;
(3) divider;
(4) comparator;
(5) threshold value generator;
(6) accumulator;
(7) renewal rate exciter.
In the Finger time-tracking device, adopted the window index iir filter that the prompt character energy sequence of (synchronous, leading, delay) three road I/Q symbol sebolic addressings of random sequence descrambling unit output is carried out filtering,
If B Nf(n)=1
S e(n)＝S ep(n)
S o(n)＝S op(n)
S l(n)＝S lp(n)
Otherwise
S e(n)＝β·S e(n-1)+(1-β)·S ep(n)
S o(n)＝β·S o(n-1)+(1-β)·S op(n)
S l(n)＝β·S l(n-1)+(1-β)·S lp(n)
In the Finger time-tracking device, comparison to the IIR filter value (claim 2) of the prompt character energy sequence of (synchronously, leading, postpone) three road I/Q symbol sebolic addressings of random sequence descrambling unit output, adopted the method for the ratio between the prompt character energy that calculates leading, as to postpone two-way I/Q symbol sebolic addressing prompt character energy difference and synchronous I/Q symbol sebolic addressing
Calculate following ratio
r ( n ) = S l ( n ) - S e ( n ) S o ( n )
In the Finger time-tracking device, the ratio that claim 3 is calculated and the threshold value of setting compare,
If n=iT then for k finger, realizes the Finger time tracking according to following algorithm:
(1) if for any one Finger l (l ≠ k), below condition be met
R (n)＞d Th, and | (t PN, k(n-1)-1/M)-t PN, l(n) | 〉=d Min(EQ3)
Then k finger shifts to an earlier date the time of following the tracks of, promptly
t PN，k＝t PN，k-1/M (EQ4)
(2) if for any one Finger l (l ≠ k), below condition be met
R (n)＜d Th, and | (t PN, k(n-1)+1/M)-t PN, l(n) | 〉=d Min(EQ5)
Then k finger is with the time delay of following the tracks of, promptly
t PN，k＝t PN，k+1/M (EQ6)
In the Finger time-tracking device, result relatively adds up to claim 4, accumulation result takes out according to renewal rate, send to the sampling unit of original I/Q chip as the adjustment amount in sampling time, the control sampling unit is adjusted the sampling time point, (synchronously, leading, postpone) three road I/Q data sequences of random sequence descrambling unit, promptly obtain (synchronously, leading, postpone) three road I/Q symbol sebolic addressings through separately I/Q integration gatherer.Behind the prompt character energy that calculates three road I/Q symbol sebolic addressings respectively, three road prompt character energy sequence are sent to the Finger time-tracking element.Wherein, leading, delay two-way I/Q prompt character energy sequence is subtracted each other, and the result who obtains synchronously passes through the filtering of iir filter more respectively with synchronous I/Q prompt character energy sequence.Filtered two-way sequential value keeps synchronously sending into a divider and carries out the phase division operation, and the result after being divided by sends into a comparator, compares with the threshold value that is provided with one by one.Relatively accumulator is sent in output, adds up one by one.Accumulation result takes out according to renewal rate, sends to the sampling unit of original I/Q chip as the adjustment amount in sampling time, and the control sampling unit is adjusted the sampling time point.
Finger time tracker in the Rake receiver that the present invention proposes, adopt always that (random sequence) demodulates time lead, time delay, time synchronized three tunnel pilot tone I/Q symbol sebolic addressings in the original I of self simulation baseband system/Q chip, compare by instantaneous energy (leading, delay, synchronous) three tunnel pilot tone I/Q symbol sebolic addressings, determine wherein best pilot tone I/Q symbol sebolic addressing, thereby realize time tracking from the original I/Q chip of Analog Baseband system.In the Finger time-tracking element, adopt the window index iir filter that the instantaneous energy sequence of (leading, delay, synchronous) three tunnel pilot tone I/Q symbol sebolic addressings is carried out filtering, improved the precision of Finger time tracking.This Finger time tracking mechanism structure is simple, complexity is little, computing cost is low, tracking accuracy is high, be easy to realization, practical, is very suitable for being embedded in the communication chip and realizes with hardware mode, can be directly commercial.
Description of drawings:
Fig. 1 is novel, the high accuracy that proposes of the present invention, " Finger time-tracking mechanism " and the corresponding Finger time-tracking device block diagram of high integration.
According to the present invention, the complete Finger time-tracking loop among each Finger (demodulating unit) is by consisting of with lower member:
1, the random sequence descrambling module of Finger;
2, Finger lock indicator;
3, Finger control module;
4, Finger time-tracking unit.
Finger time-tracking unit is the core component of Finger time-tracking ring. In the present invention, Finger time-tracking list Unit is made of following main functional modules:
(1) IIR (infinite impulse response) wave filter;
(2) forgetting factor generator;
(3) divider;
(4) comparator;
(5) threshold value generator;
(6) accumulator;
(7) renewal rate driver.
The function of said units and each other relation, all elaboration explanation in summary of the invention.
Embodiment:
Embodiment: with reference to accompanying drawing 1.Accompanying drawing 1 is novel, the high accuracy that proposes of the present invention, the Finger time-tracking device block diagram of high integration.
In the present invention, the synchronous and sample time of Finger to original I/Q chip be followed the tracks of and be adjusted in Finger time-tracking unit can according to the temporal resolution of 1/M original I/Q chip chip (from analog baseband circuitry).M is the speed of original I/Q chip (from analog baseband circuitry) and the ratio between the Rake receiver internal random sequence code speed.
In the present invention, the complete Finger time-tracking loop of each Finger (demodulating unit) is that random sequence descrambling module, Finger lock indicator and the Finger time-tracking unit by Finger constitutes jointly.
(synchronously, leading, postpone) three road I/Q data sequences of random sequence descrambling unit, promptly obtain (synchronously, leading, postpone) three road I/Q symbol sebolic addressings through separately I/Q integration gatherer.Behind the prompt character energy that calculates three road I/Q symbol sebolic addressings respectively, three road prompt character energy sequence are sent to the Finger time-tracking element.Wherein, leading, delay two-way I/Q prompt character energy sequence is subtracted each other, and the result who obtains synchronously passes through the filtering of iir filter more respectively with synchronous I/Q prompt character energy sequence.Filtered two-way sequential value keeps synchronously sending into a divider and carries out the phase division operation, and the result after being divided by sends into a comparator, compares with the threshold value that is provided with one by one.Relatively accumulator is sent in output, adds up one by one.Accumulation result takes out according to renewal rate, sends to the sampling unit of original I/Q chip as the adjustment amount in sampling time, and the control sampling unit is adjusted the sampling time point.
Finger time tracker in the Rake receiver that the present invention proposes, adopt always that (random sequence) demodulates time lead, time delay, time synchronized three tunnel pilot tone I/Q symbol sebolic addressings in the original I of self simulation baseband system/Q chip, compare by instantaneous energy (leading, delay, synchronous) three tunnel pilot tone I/Q symbol sebolic addressings, determine wherein best pilot tone I/Q symbol sebolic addressing, thereby realize time tracking from the original I/Q chip of Analog Baseband system.In the Finger time-tracking element, adopt the window index iir filter that the instantaneous energy sequence of (leading, delay, synchronous) three tunnel pilot tone I/Q symbol sebolic addressings is carried out filtering, improved the precision of Finger time tracking.This Finger time tracking mechanism structure is simple, complexity is little, computing cost is low, tracking accuracy is high, be easy to realization, practical, is very suitable for being embedded in the communication chip and realizes with hardware mode, can be directly commercial.
What need understand is: though the foregoing description is to the present invention's detailed explanation of contrasting; but these explanations are just illustrative to the present invention; rather than limitation of the present invention, any innovation and creation that do not exceed in the connotation of the present invention all fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims (3)

1, a kind of multipath refers to the peak time tracker, it is characterized in that: this multipath refers to the peak time tracker except that using multipath to refer to that peak random sequence descrambling module, multipath refer to that peak lock indicator, multipath refer to that peak control unit, multipath refer to the peak time tracing unit, comprise following functional module in its multipath refers to the peak time tracing unit:
(1) window index IIR filter;
(2) forgetting factor generator;
(3) divider;
(4) comparator;
(5) threshold value generator;
(6) accumulator;
(7) renewal rate exciter;
Refer in the peak time tracker at above-mentioned multipath, multipath refers to that the peak time tracing unit can be according to the temporal resolution of 1/M original I/Q chip, follow the tracks of and adjust multipath refer to the peak to original I/Q chip synchronously and sample time, M is the speed of original I/Q chip and the ratio between the Rake receiver internal random sequence code speed; Random sequence descrambling unit synchronously, leading, postpone three road I/Q data sequences, through separately I/Q integration gatherer, promptly obtain synchronously, leading, postpone three road I/Q symbol sebolic addressings; Behind the prompt character energy that calculates three road I/Q symbol sebolic addressings respectively, three road prompt character energy sequence are sent to multipath refer to the peak time tracking cell; Wherein, leading, delay two-way I/Q prompt character energy sequence is subtracted each other, and the result who obtains synchronously passes through the filtering of window index IIR filter respectively with synchronous I/Q prompt character energy sequence again; Filtered two-way sequential value keeps synchronously sending into a divider and carries out the phase division operation, and the result after being divided by sends into a comparator, compares with the threshold value that is provided with one by one; Relatively accumulator is sent in output, adds up one by one; Accumulation result takes out according to renewal rate, sends to the sampling unit of original I/Q chip as the adjustment amount in sampling time, and the control sampling unit is adjusted the sampling time point.
2, multipath according to claim 1 refers to the peak time tracker, it is characterized in that: adopted the window index IIR filter, refer to of the output of peak control unit according to multipath at moment n, prompt character energy sequence synchronous, leading, that postpone three road I/Q symbol sebolic addressings to the output of random sequence descrambling unit is carried out filtering
If B Nf(n)=1
S e(n)＝S ep(n)
S o(n)＝S op(n)
S l(n)＝S lp(n)
Otherwise
S e(n)＝β·S e(n-1)+(1-β)·S ep(n)
S o(n)＝β·S o(n-1)+(1-β)·S op(n)
S l(n)＝β·S l(n-1)+(1-β)·S lp(n)
In the following formula, S Op(n), S Ep(n), S Lp(n) be respectively synchronously, leading, postpone the value of the instantaneous energy sequence of three road I/Q symbol sebolic addressings at moment n; S o(n), S e(n), S l(n) be respectively to S in moment n window index IIR filter Op(n), S Ep(n), S Lp(n) carry out filtered output valve; β is the forgetting factor of window index IIR filter; B Nf(n) be that multipath refers to the peak indication, just multipath refers to the output of peak control unit at moment n, B Nf(n)=1 this multipath of expression refer to the peak be a new search to multipath refer to the peak, need reinitialize tracing process, B Nf(n)=0 this multipath of expression refers to that the peak is that a multipath that has searched before refers to the peak, does not need to reinitialize process.
3, multipath according to claim 1 refers to the peak time tracker, it is characterized in that:
If n=iT then refers to the peak for k multipath, realize that according to following algorithm multipath refers to the peak time tracking:
(1) if for any one multipath refer to peak l (l ≠ k), below condition be met,
R (n)＞d Th, and | (t PN, k(n-1)-1/M)-t PN, l(n) | 〉=d Min
Then k multipath refers to that the peak shifts to an earlier date the time of following the tracks of, promptly
t PN，k＝t PN，k-1/M
(2) if for arbitrarily-individual multipath refer to peak 1 (l ≠ k), below condition be met
R (n)＜d Th, and | (t PN, k(n-1)+1/M)-t PN, l(n) | 〉=d Min
Then k multipath refers to that the peak is with the time delay of following the tracks of, promptly
t PN，k＝t PN，k+1/M；
Above various in, the meaning of each parameter symbol is as follows:
r ( n ) = S l ( n ) - S e ( n ) S o ( n )
S wherein o(n), S e(n), S l(n) providing method according to claim 2 calculates;
t PN, k: k multipath refers to the tracking time at peak;
T: time tracking is proofreaied and correct at interval;
d Th: be used for the comparison threshold value that time tracking is proofreaied and correct;
d Min: different multipaths refer to the minimum tracking sampling time gap that allows between the peak;
M: the ratio between the speed of original I/Q chip and the Rake receiver internal random sequence code speed.
CNB200510102777XA 2005-09-19 2005-09-19 Finger time tracker system Expired - Fee Related CN100448175C (en)

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