CN100444997C - Simple fast preparing process of superfine WC-Co composite powder - Google Patents
Simple fast preparing process of superfine WC-Co composite powder Download PDFInfo
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- CN100444997C CN100444997C CNB2006101655542A CN200610165554A CN100444997C CN 100444997 C CN100444997 C CN 100444997C CN B2006101655542 A CNB2006101655542 A CN B2006101655542A CN 200610165554 A CN200610165554 A CN 200610165554A CN 100444997 C CN100444997 C CN 100444997C
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- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 67
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 229910009043 WC-Co Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 21
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title abstract description 7
- 238000000498 ball milling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000003763 carbonization Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000011812 mixed powder Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000001291 vacuum drying Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 19
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000010000 carbonizing Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- UBEWDCMIDFGDOO-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt(II,III) oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Co+2].[Co+3].[Co+3] UBEWDCMIDFGDOO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 18
- 238000005255 carburizing Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 9
- QGLKJKCYBOYXKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonaoxidotritungsten Chemical compound O=[W]1(=O)O[W](=O)(=O)O[W](=O)(=O)O1 QGLKJKCYBOYXKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229910001930 tungsten oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 5
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 4
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910000428 cobalt oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- LBFUKZWYPLNNJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt(ii,iii) oxide Chemical compound [Co]=O.O=[Co]O[Co]=O LBFUKZWYPLNNJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012876 topography Methods 0.000 description 3
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- IVMYJDGYRUAWML-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt(ii) oxide Chemical compound [Co]=O IVMYJDGYRUAWML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000001000 micrograph Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JPNWDVUTVSTKMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt tungsten Chemical compound [Co].[W] JPNWDVUTVSTKMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000713 high-energy ball milling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052755 nonmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000036632 reaction speed Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012827 research and development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- UONOETXJSWQNOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten carbide Chemical compound [W+]#[C-] UONOETXJSWQNOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The simple fast preparation process of superfine WC-Co composite powder belongs to the field of nanometer powder preparing technology. The preparation process includes the following steps: mixing WO2.9, Co3O4 and carbon black material in the required Co content; ball milling the mixture in a ball milling into superfine powder and cold pressing; heating in a vacuum furnace at vacuum condition to produce redox and carbonizing reaction at heating rate of 15-30 deg.c/min, reaction temperature 1050-1150 deg.c for 3-4 hr. The present invention has simple preparation path and short technological process, and obtains WC-Co composite powder of average particle size smaller than 400 nm.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to ultra-fine or Nano grade powder preparation technical field.
Background technology
The WC-Co carbide alloy is able to extensive use because of its high rigidity and wearability, high bending strength and good special performances such as fracture toughness in fields such as cutting element, mould, mine instrument and wear-resisting spare parts.Yet for traditional coarse-grain Hardmetal materials, its hardness and toughness are the contradiction of a pair of mutual restriction always.In recent years discover that when crystal particle scale is reduced to 0.5 μ m when following, the hardness of Hardmetal materials, bending strength and toughness can both keep high numerical value, promptly the ultra-fine cemented carbide material has excellent comprehensive performances.
It is generally acknowledged that the key link of ultra-fine cemented carbide preparation at first is producing of ultra-fine feed stock powder.Comparatively ripe at present preparation ultra-fine or nanoscale WC-Co composite powder mainly contains three kinds of methods:
(1) methods such as fixed bed, rotary furnace, hydrogen plasma make tungsten oxide be become the W powder by hydrogen reducing, mix with C sphere of powder mill then, change into WC through pyrocarbon, grind with the prefabricated Co sphere of powder and mix;
(2) make the mixture of tungsten oxide and C powder in high-temperature hydrogen, generate WC with rotary furnace, mix with prefabricated Co sphere of powder mill again;
(3) make tungsten cobalt complex salt at CH with rotary furnace or fluid bed
4/ H
2Or CO/CO
2Progressively reduce in the gas phase and generate the WC-Co powder.
Technical process quite loaded down with trivial details (a complete production procedure generally needs week age) in the said method, the equipment complexity, rotary furnace or fluidized-bed process, atmosphere control, vapour phase reduction and technical difficulty such as carburizing temperature, complex salt preparation are bigger, operating personnel's technical merit is required height, and the technology cost of production is very high.And, go through the multiple high temp processing procedure, make the particle size, particle size uniformity, degree of scatter etc. of final powder-product all be difficult to control.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is that a kind of tungsten, cobalt/cobalt oxide and carbon black reduce under vacuum condition and carbonization prepares the method for superfine WC-Co composite powder body material.This composite powder can be used for the preparation of materials such as ultra-fine cemented carbide block and wear-resistant coating, also can be used as the initial powder raw material of gradient hard alloy material preparation.Therefore, the technology of the present invention has very important using value to the research and development of high-performance ultra-fine cemented carbide material.
The inherent mechanism of present technique invention is: according to enthalpy change and the temperature relation curve map of metal oxide by reaction generation metal, most of metal oxides can restore simple metal in the higher temperature reaction with carbon.Tungsten oxide and cobalt oxide begin to be reduced at 700 ℃ and 450 ℃ respectively under the normal pressure, and 1300 ℃ of tungsten begin carbonization and become tungsten carbide.Under vacuum condition, reaction temperature reduces than condition of normal pressure, and the reduction initial reaction temperature of tungsten oxide and cobalt oxide is 594 ℃ and 400 ℃ under the vacuum pressure of 0.1MPa, and carbonization is 900 ℃ of beginnings, thereby the vacuum condition generation that helps reacting and fully carrying out.Simultaneously, the nanometer and the sub-micron powder particle that obtain by high-energy ball milling have very high activity as initial reactant, can reduce the activation energy of reaction significantly, thereby obviously improve reaction speed and efficient.
This preparation method comprises the steps:
1) with WO
2.9, Co
3O
4With carbon black be raw material, according to the requirement of Co content in the final WC-Co composite powder, mix according to the above-mentioned three kinds of shared ratios of raw material that calculate; Utilizing ball mill that raw material is worn into ultra-fine grain, is abrasive media with the absolute ethyl alcohol, and drum's speed of rotation is 400-500r/h, and the ball milling time is 30-40 hour; Mixed-powder behind the ball milling is to obtain being used to reduce after dry 20-25 hour in 80-100 ℃ the vacuum drying chamber and the initial powder of carbonization in temperature; This initial powder is colded pressing, send in the vacuum drying oven of vacuum gas pressure less than 0.004Pa;
2) in keeping vacuum drying oven, under the condition of gas pressure intensity less than 0.004Pa, adopt following technological parameter that powder is reduced and carbonization: reaction temperature 1050-1150 ℃, heating rate 15-30 ℃/min, temperature retention time 3-4 hour.
This method is with (WO
2.9+ Co
3O
4+ C) mixed-powder is a raw material, utilizes the WC-Co composite powder of vacuum reduction and carbonation step synthesizing superfine.Repeatedly repeated experiment shows, use the homogeneous raw material powder, adopt traditional hydrogen reducing and carbonization technique to prepare the WC-6wt.%Co composite hard alloy powder, the tungsten powder carburizing temperature is up to 1400-1500 ℃, and WC-Co composite powder grain size usually 〉=1.0 microns; And the present invention prepares the reduction of WC-6wt.%Co hard alloy compound powder and carburizing temperature at 1050-1150 ℃, the average grain diameter of the WC-Co composite powder that obtains is less than 400 nanometers, has that significant technological process is short, consersion unit is simple, tiny characteristics such as evenly of composite powder particle diameter.
Compare with existing other method, this method has following advantage: (1) has significantly simplified production equipment and process route, need not to use H
2, CH
4, proemial reducibility gas such as CO or inert protective gas ((1)-(3) point in the contrast background technology); (2) along with vacuum raising and temperature in the stove rise, the adsorbed gas of mixed powder under negative pressure rapidly by desorb, low-melting-point metal and nonmetal organic matter will volatilize and decompose, mix surface is purified, and helps guaranteeing the purity (referring to the chemical composition analysis of table 1 composite powder) of the composite powder for preparing; (3) reaction temperature obviously reduces, reaction rate accelerates, and efficient obviously improves; (4), time weak point low because of the reaction synthesis temperature makes the average-size of composite powder and size distribution can accurately control (referring to the shape appearance figure of composite powder among the embodiment).
Description of drawings
Fig. 1: WO
2.9, Co
3O
4With carbon black mixing and ball milling (a) 30 hours and (b) shape appearance figure (electron scanning micrograph) after 40 hours.
Fig. 2: the X ray diffracting spectrum of WC-Co composite powder after the vacuum reduction carbonization, its process conditions are respectively: a: material powder ball milling 30 hours, reduction and carburizing temperature are 1080 ℃, are incubated 4 hours (embodiment 1); B: material powder ball milling 40 hours, reduction and carburizing temperature are 1050 ℃, are incubated 4 hours (embodiment 2); C: material powder ball milling 40 hours, reduction and carburizing temperature are 1150 ℃, are incubated 3 hours (embodiment 3).
Fig. 3: the shape appearance figure of WC-Co composite powder (electron scanning micrograph) after the vacuum reduction carbonization, wherein (a) material powder ball milling is 30 hours, and reduction and carburizing temperature are 1080 ℃, are incubated 4 hours (embodiment 1); (b) the material powder ball milling is 40 hours, and reduction and carburizing temperature are 1050 ℃, are incubated 4 hours (embodiment 2); (c) the material powder ball milling is 40 hours, and reduction and carburizing temperature are 1150 ℃, are incubated 3 hours (embodiment 3).
The specific embodiment
Initial WO among all embodiment
2.9The average grain diameter of powder is about 40 microns, and purity is 99.5wt% (being produced by Xinda, Ganzhou tungsten Co., Ltd), Co
3O
4The average grain diameter of powder is about 25 microns, and purity is 98.5wt% (being produced by Tianjin, Tianjin fine chemistry industry research institute of section), and the average grain diameter of carbon black powders is about 60 microns, and purity is 99.8wt% (being produced by Zhuzhou Hard Alloy Group Co Ltd).Be example all with preparation WC-6wt.%Co composite powder.
Example 1, elder generation are with WO
2.9, Co
3O
4Carry out mixing and ball milling with carbon black powder, ratio of grinding media to material is 3: 1, and ball-milling medium is an absolute ethyl alcohol, and drum's speed of rotation is 400r/min, and the ball milling time is 30 hours.Mixed-powder behind the ball milling is in 100 ℃ the vacuum drying chamber after dry 20 hours at design temperature, obtain being used to reduce and the initial powder (as Fig. 1 (a)) of carbonization, wherein the average grain diameter of tungsten oxide and cobalt oxide powder is about 40 nanometers, and the carbon black average grain diameter is 200 nanometers.This mixed-powder mould of packing into is colded pressing, send into then in the vacuum reduction stove, its vacuum gas pressure is less than 0.0004Pa.Reduction and carbonization technique are: heating rate is 15 ℃/min, and holding temperature is 1080 ℃, and temperature retention time is 4 hours.The composition of the superfine WC-Co composite powder that is prepared by above-mentioned technology is identified and is shown in table 1, as seen do not have other impurity element, and free carbon content meets the production standard of Hardmetal materials.Thing detects X ray diffracting spectrum mutually and is shown in Fig. 2 a, is indicated as pure WC and Co mutually, does not produce dephasign.The displaing micro tissue topography of composite powder is shown in Fig. 3 (a), and visible powder particle is evenly tiny, good dispersion, and average grain diameter is about 350 nanometers.
Example 2, elder generation are with WO
2.9, Co
3O
4Carry out mixing and ball milling with carbon black powder, ratio of grinding media to material is 3: 1, and ball-milling medium is an absolute ethyl alcohol, and drum's speed of rotation is 450r/min, and the ball milling time is 40 hours.Mixed-powder behind the ball milling is in 80 ℃ the vacuum drying chamber after dry 22 hours at design temperature, obtain being used to reduce and the initial powder (as Fig. 1 (b)) of carbonization, wherein the average grain diameter of tungsten oxide and cobalt oxide powder is 30 nanometers, and the carbon black average grain diameter is 150 nanometers.This mixed-powder mould of packing into is colded pressing, send into then in the vacuum reduction stove, its vacuum gas pressure is less than 0.004Pa.Reduction and carbonization technique are: heating rate is 20 ℃/min, and holding temperature is 1050 ℃, and temperature retention time is 4 hours.The composition of the superfine WC-Co composite powder that is prepared by above-mentioned technology is identified and is shown in table 1, as seen do not have other impurity element, and free carbon content meets the production standard of Hardmetal materials.Thing detects X ray diffracting spectrum mutually and is shown in Fig. 2 b, is indicated as pure WC and Co mutually, does not produce dephasign.The displaing micro tissue topography of composite powder is shown in Fig. 3 (b), and visible powder particle is evenly tiny, good dispersion, and average grain diameter is about 300 nanometers.
Example 3, elder generation are with WO
2.9, Co
3O
4Carry out mixing and ball milling with carbon black powder, ratio of grinding media to material is 3: 1, and ball-milling medium is an absolute ethyl alcohol, and drum's speed of rotation is 500r/min, and the ball milling time is 40 hours.Mixed-powder behind the ball milling is in 100 ℃ the vacuum drying chamber after dry 25 hours at design temperature, obtain being used to reduce and the initial powder (as Fig. 1 (c)) of carbonization, wherein the average grain diameter of tungsten oxide and cobalt oxide powder is 30 nanometers, and the carbon black average grain diameter is 150 nanometers.This mixed-powder mould of packing into is colded pressing, send into then in the vacuum reduction stove, its vacuum gas pressure is less than 0.0004Pa.Reduction and carbonization technique are: heating rate is 30 ℃/min, and holding temperature is 1150 ℃, and temperature retention time is 3 hours.The composition of the superfine WC-Co composite powder that is prepared by above-mentioned technology is identified and is shown in table 1, as seen do not have other impurity element, and free carbon content meets the production standard of Hardmetal materials.Thing detects X ray diffracting spectrum mutually and is shown in Fig. 2 c, is indicated as pure WC and Co mutually, does not produce dephasign.The displaing micro tissue topography of composite powder is shown in Fig. 3 (c), and visible powder particle is evenly tiny, good dispersion, and average grain diameter is about 280 nanometers.
The composition of the ultrafine WC for preparing among the different embodiment of table 1-6wt.%Co composite powder is identified
Claims (1)
1, a kind of simple preparation method of superfine WC-Co composite powder fast is characterized in that, may further comprise the steps:
1) with WO
2.9, Co
3O
4With carbon black be raw material, according to the requirement of Co content in the final WC-Co composite powder, mix according to the above-mentioned three kinds of shared ratios of raw material that calculate; Utilizing ball mill that raw material is worn into ultra-fine grain, is abrasive media with the absolute ethyl alcohol, and drum's speed of rotation is 400-500r/h, and the ball milling time is 30-40 hour; Mixed-powder behind the ball milling is to obtain being used to reduce after dry 20-25 hour in 80-100 ℃ the vacuum drying chamber and the initial powder of carbonization in temperature; This initial powder is colded pressing, send in the vacuum drying oven of vacuum gas pressure less than 0.004Pa;
2) in keeping vacuum drying oven, under the condition of gas pressure intensity less than 0.004Pa, adopt following technological parameter that powder is reduced and carbonization: reaction temperature 1050-1150 ℃, heating rate 15-30 ℃/min, temperature retention time 3-4 hour.
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Cited By (1)
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CN102049525B (en) * | 2009-10-29 | 2012-08-29 | 北京有色金属研究总院 | Preparation method of spherical nanometer cobalt alloy powder containing transition metal elements |
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CN105290413A (en) * | 2015-11-13 | 2016-02-03 | 株洲硬质合金集团有限公司 | Method for preparing tungsten carbide-cobalt composite powder through direct reduction and carbonization |
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