CN100441945C - 一种集束型气化或燃烧喷嘴及其工业应用 - Google Patents
一种集束型气化或燃烧喷嘴及其工业应用 Download PDFInfo
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
- B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
- B05B7/02—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge
- B05B7/06—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with at least one outlet orifice surrounding another approximately in the same plane
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
- B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
- B05B7/02—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge
- B05B7/08—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with separate outlet orifices, e.g. to form parallel jets, i.e. the axis of the jets being parallel, to form intersecting jets, i.e. the axis of the jets converging but not necessarily intersecting at a point
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
- B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
- B05B7/16—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas incorporating means for heating or cooling the material to be sprayed
- B05B7/1673—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas incorporating means for heating or cooling the material to be sprayed heat being transferred to the material to be sprayed by a heat transfer conductive fluid
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/46—Gasification of granular or pulverulent flues in suspension
- C10J3/48—Apparatus; Plants
- C10J3/50—Fuel charging devices
- C10J3/506—Fuel charging devices for entrained flow gasifiers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2200/00—Details of gasification apparatus
- C10J2200/09—Mechanical details of gasifiers not otherwise provided for, e.g. sealing means
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2200/00—Details of gasification apparatus
- C10J2200/15—Details of feeding means
- C10J2200/152—Nozzles or lances for introducing gas, liquids or suspensions
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/12—Heating the gasifier
- C10J2300/1223—Heating the gasifier by burners
Abstract
本发明公开了一种集束型气化或燃烧喷嘴及其工业应用,包括壳体(5)和设置在壳体(5)中的N个喷嘴(11),所说的喷嘴(11)包括外套管(3)和设置在外套管(3)内的内套管(4)、下管板(6)、上管板(7)和冷却室(13),其与传统的同心套管式喷嘴(例如二通道、三通道、多通道喷嘴)相比,优势如下:火焰相对较短,趋于矩形,有利于保护气化炉中下部耐火砖,延长其使用寿命;停留时间分布较狭,有利于提高碳的转化率;喷嘴结构合理,有利于提高喷嘴使用寿命。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及以烃类物质为原料制备合成气的装置,尤其涉及一种气化或燃烧喷嘴。
背景技术
合成气是生产合成氨(尿素的前驱体)、合成甲醇、二甲醚、合成油、制氢、海绵铁生产的公共技术、源头技术、关键技术,而喷嘴又是气流床生产合成气的关键技术之一,人们在该领域中进行了大量的研发工作,形成了诸多专利,有代表性的是:Shell(ZL 90103807.5),Texaco(ZL94193847.6)和华东理工大学(ZL 98110616.1)。但从提高煤的转化率以及耐火砖的使用寿命角度看,这些技术还不能满足工业要求。
上述气化技术煤的转化率低、耐火砖寿命短,除与工艺因素有关外,重要原因是与喷嘴结构有关。气流式套管型外混喷嘴属于射流型,在气化炉内形成受限射流,由于卷吸,回流质量是射流质量的数倍之多:
me-卷吸流质量流率;m0-射流总量流率;x-轴线方向距喷口长度,m;d0-喷口直径,m。([1]Ricou,F.P.and spalding,D.B.,“measurements ofentrainments by axisymmetrical turbulent jets”,J.Fluid Mech.,1961,1,pp21-32)。有关火焰长度的半经验公式:
由(2)式知,喷嘴直径减少将会使火焰缩短;由(1)式知,相应的携带(卷吸)量必降低。
发明内容
本发明需要解决的技术问题是公开一种集束型气化或燃烧喷嘴,以克服现有技术存在的上述缺陷。
本发明所述的集束型气化或燃烧喷嘴,包括壳体和设置在壳体中的N个喷嘴,N>1;
所说的喷嘴包括外套管和设置在外套管内的内套管、下管板、上管板和冷却室;
所说的外套管与内套管下端齐平,外套管与下管板固接,内套管与上管板固接,下管板和上管板分别与壳体的内壁固接;
冷却室设置在喷嘴的出口处;
在壳体内中部设置一块以限制喷嘴在工作时振动的定位管板;
壳体的上部设有煤浆或其他烃类物质进口和气化介质进口,煤浆或其他烃类物质进口与内套管相连通,气化介质进口与外套管相连通;
本发明的集束型气化或燃烧喷嘴,可以将其安装在气流床上,用于以烃类物质为原料制备合成气,包括如下步骤:
烃类物质自入口进入内套管,其速度为1~20m/s;
气化介质自入口进入外套管,其速度为10~200m/s;
冷却水以1~50吨/h的流量进入冷却室;
所说的气化介质选自纯O2、CO2、水蒸汽、空气中的一种或者它们的混合物;
气流床操作压力为1.0~10.0MPa,温度为1200~1700℃;
所说的烃类物质包括煤、水煤浆、天然气、生物质以及其他含碳氢化合物的物质。
采用上述的上述集束型气化或燃烧喷嘴,在其他工艺条件相同的情况下,其与传统的同心套管式喷嘴(例如二通道、三通道、多通道喷嘴)相比,优势如下:火焰相对较短,趋于矩形,有利于保护气化炉中下部耐火砖,延长其使用寿命;停留时间分布较狭,有利于提高碳的转化率;喷嘴结构合理,有利于提高喷嘴使用寿命。
附图说明
图1为集束型气化或燃烧喷嘴正视剖面图;
图2为图1的A-A向剖面。
具体实施方式
参见图1和图2,本发明所述的集束型气化或燃烧喷嘴,包括壳体5和设置在壳体5中的N个喷嘴11,喷嘴11最好垂直设置在壳体5中,喷嘴11的轴线最好彼此平行,N>1,优选N=2~300;
所说的喷嘴11包括外套管3和设置在外套管3内的内套管4、下管板6、上管板7和冷却室13;
所说的外套管3与内套管4下端齐平,外套管3与下管板6固接,内套管4与上管板7固接,下管板6和上管板7分别与壳体5的内壁固接,外套管3与内套管4二者最好共轴线;
外套管3之间管心距为d~10d,d为外套管3外直径;
冷却室13设置在喷嘴11的出口17处,所说的冷却室13包括与壳体5固定连接的U形外壳1、U形外壳1上部的盖板2和设置在盖板2上的冷却水进口14和回水口15;进水管14最好插入U形件1的内底面,而出水管15靠近盖板2,使冷却室13内的冷却水形成旋转,更有利于传热;
在壳体5内中部设置一块以限制喷嘴11在工作时振动的定位管板12;
壳体5的上部设有煤浆或其他烃类物质进口10和气化介质进口8,煤浆或其他烃类物质进口10与内套管4相连通,气化介质进口8与外套管3相连通;
U形件1与盖板2的固接位置离下端部愈高愈好,本发明优选L为40mm;
喷嘴高度H为100~3000mm,过高则阻力增加,过短则火焰不稳定。
以水煤浆为原料制备合成气为例,煤浆自进口10,经内管4向喷嘴11出口流动,流速为1~20m/s;
气化介质,例如氧(为安全计可含5%的水蒸汽)经入口8进入,沿管3与管4之间的环隙向下运动,流速为10~200m/s,两股流体,煤浆与氧相互碰撞,煤浆为气流雾化,平均粒径为50~150μm;两股流体形成火焰射向气化炉(气化反应器)进行气化反应(3)、(4)、(5)、(6)
C+H2O=CO+H2 (3)
C+CO2=2CO (4)
CO+H2O=CO2+H2 (5)
煤中挥发份热解,例如:
C2H6=CH4+C+H2 (6)
冷却水自入口管14进入,流量1~50m3/h。
实施例1
一个年产10万吨甲醇厂采用以水煤浆为原料,采用设有图1和图2所示的集束型气化或燃烧喷嘴的气化炉气化,该装置日产甲醇303t,日处理煤400吨;
集束型气化或燃烧喷嘴的结构参数:
壳体5外直径为260mm,采用7个喷嘴,内套管直径为31×3mm,外管直径为39.6×3,外套管3之间管心距为80mm;喷嘴高度H为2000mm,U形件1与盖板2的固接位置L为40mm;
内套管中,煤浆出喷口速度~2m/s;
外套管中,气体出喷口速度~100m/s;
气化炉压力4.0MPa,气化温度1300℃,灰渣成熔融态进入气化炉的激冷室,所得气体有效气成分CO+H2≥82%;碳转化率≥98%。
实施例2
一个年产110万吨甲醇厂采用以水煤浆为原料,日产甲醇3030t,需日处理煤1500吨的气化炉3台。气化炉采用设有图1和图2所示的集束型气化或燃烧喷嘴的气化炉气化;
集束型气化或燃烧喷嘴的结构参数:
壳体5外直径为400mm,采用13个喷嘴,内套管直径为31×3mm,外管直径为39.6×3,外套管3之间管心距为80mm;喷嘴高度H为2000mm,U形件1与盖板2的固接位置L为40mm;
内套管中,煤浆出喷口速度~4m/s;
外套管中,气体出喷口速度~125m/s;
气化炉压力6.5MPa,气化温度1400℃,灰渣成熔融态进入气化炉的激冷室,所得气体有效气成分CO+H2≥82%;碳转化率≥98%。
Claims (6)
1.一种集束型气化或燃烧喷嘴,其特征在于,包括壳体(5)和设置在壳体(5)中的N个喷嘴(11),N>1;
所说的喷嘴(11)包括外套管(3)和设置在外套管(3)内的内套管(4)、下管板(6)、上管板(7)和冷却室(13);
所说的外套管(3)与内套管(4)下端齐平,外套管(3)与下管板(6)固接,内套管(4)与上管板(7)固接,下管板(6)和上管板(7)分别与壳体(5)的内壁固接;喷嘴(11)垂直设置在壳体(5)中,喷嘴(11)的轴线彼此平行;外套管(3)与内套管(4)二者共轴线;
冷却室(13)设置在喷嘴(11)的出口处;
在壳体(5)内中部设置一块以限制喷嘴(11)在工作时振动的定位管板(12);
壳体(5)的上部设有煤浆或其他烃类物质进口(10)和气化介质进口(8),煤浆或其他烃类物质进口(10)与内套管(4)相连通,气化介质进口(8)与外套管(3)相连通。
2.根据权利要求1所述的集束型气化或燃烧喷嘴,其特征在于,所说的冷却室(13)包括与壳体(5)固定连接的U形外壳(1)、U形外壳(1)上部的盖板(2)和设置在盖板(2)上的冷却水进口(14)和回水口中(15)。
3.根据权利要求2所述的集束型气化或燃烧喷嘴,其特征在于,进水管插入U形外壳(1)的内底面,出水管靠近盖板(2)。
4.根据权利要求2所述的集束型气化或燃烧喷嘴,其特征在于,U形外壳(1)与盖板(2)的固接距离L为40mm。
5.根据权利要求1~4任一项所述的集束型气化或燃烧喷嘴,其特征在于,喷嘴高度H为100~3000mm,N=2~300。
6.根据权利要求1~5任一项所述的集束型气化或燃烧喷嘴的应用,其特征在于,将其安装在气流床上,用于以烃类物质为原料制备合成气,包括如下步骤:
烃类物质自其他烃类物质进口(10)进入内套管(4),其速度为1~20m/s;
气化介质自气化介质进口(8)进入外套管(3),其速度为10~200m/s;
冷却水以1~50吨/h的流量进入冷却室;
所说的气化介质选自纯O2、CO2、水蒸汽、空气中的一种或者它们的混合物;
气流床操作压力为1.0~10.0MPa,温度为1200~1700℃;
所说的烃类物质包括煤、水煤浆、天然气、生物质以及其他含碳氢化合物的物质。
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US20080073445A1 (en) | 2008-03-27 |
CN1928431A (zh) | 2007-03-14 |
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