CN100441730C - Hard alloy carburizing process resulting in gradient distribution of mechanical performance - Google Patents
Hard alloy carburizing process resulting in gradient distribution of mechanical performance Download PDFInfo
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- CN100441730C CN100441730C CNB031358888A CN03135888A CN100441730C CN 100441730 C CN100441730 C CN 100441730C CN B031358888 A CNB031358888 A CN B031358888A CN 03135888 A CN03135888 A CN 03135888A CN 100441730 C CN100441730 C CN 100441730C
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- carburizing
- carbonate
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Abstract
The present invention discloses a carburization processing method for a rigid alloy product, which comprises carburizer preparation, boat loading and carburization processing, wherein Al2O3, graphite particles, carbonate or/and hydrocarbonate are uniformly mixed according to a certain proportion to prepare a carburizer. The carbonate and the hydrocarbonate are decomposed to generate CO2 in the carburization processing of the carburizer to an alloy body, and the CO2 and the graphite particles react to generate CO with strong activity. The CO rapidly enters a liquid phase to react with an eta phase to generate WC, the Co is prompted to inward migrate, and thus, the forming of a gradient structure in the alloy body is accelerated. Thus, the temperature of the carburization processing is low, and the comprehensive mechanical performance of the product is strong. Compared with the background art, carburization time can be shortened by 50 to 65%. The thickness of a non-eta phase at a surface layer is enhanced 20 to 50%, and average strength is enhanced 20 to 25%. Compared with a corresponding standard rigid alloy workpiece and a mould, the service life of a rigid alloy product can be enhanced 30 to 65%. The method has the characteristics of high productivity, low production cost, low energy consumption, etc.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the carburizing treatment method of hard metal article, particularly a kind of carburizing treatment method that makes the mechanical property distribution gradient of hard metal article.This method especially is suitable for WC-Co series hard alloy worker, mould are carried out carburizing treatment, to improve its comprehensive mechanical performance.
Background technology
The inside and outside metallographic structure of workers such as conventional WC-Co series hard alloy brill tooth, rock cutting and wortle, mould is even, mechanical property is consistent.There is the contradiction that is difficult to be in harmonious proportion between high rigidity and wear resistance and the obdurability in the hard metal article of this uniform texture, and promptly the content of cobalt (Co) is when improving its hardness and wear resistance in reducing alloy, and the toughness of alloy body promptly descends thereupon; That returns then influences its hardness and wear resistance; In addition, bore hard metal articles such as tooth, rock cutting tool, mould, require the surface to have very high hardness and wear resistance in use, but, require the alloy body planted agent to possess stronger toughness again in order to make it can bear bigger surging force and to stop the surperficial crackle that produces to internal diffusion; And the product of metallographic and mechanical property unanimity in use, in case when the surface cracked, its crackle was with very fast expansion and cause entire die to be broken and scrap.In order to overcome this disadvantage, the mechanical property etc. that discloses a kind of alloy body in number for the patent documentation of CN1016711B " being suitable for the hard zoarium that rock-boring and ore cut most " in authorization is the Wimet of structure in gradient.The production method of this cemented carbide body is that to adopt low-carbon (LC) WC and an amount of cobalt (Co) powder be raw material, after mixing and being pressed into blank, at 900 ℃ of left and right sides temperature and N
2Pre-burning is 1 hour in the atmosphere, becomes the conventional cemented carbide body of metallographic and mechanical property uniformity again at 1450 ℃ sintering temperature; And then be placed in the graphite boat and adopt Al
2O
3With the granular graphite powder mix as carburizing agent; thermal treatment is more than 2 hours in 1450 ℃ carburizing atmosphere; and make the alloy surface layer is to contain the WC+ γ phase region that the Co amount is lower than alloy mean value, and the middle layer is higher than alloy mean value WC+ γ phase region for Co content, and core is still for containing the cemented carbide body of η phase.Though this invention has surface hardness and wear resistance height; The formation of the rich cobalt in alloy middle part (Co) layer, it is strong and can absorb the impact of bearing on the alloy body surface, effectively stop inwardly characteristics such as expansion of surface crack to have toughness again.But because carburizing agent is only by Al
2O
3Add that the granular graphite about 1.0% mixes, its prescription is simple, carburization reaction is active low, thereby have that carburization processing time is long, temperature requirement is higher relatively and structure gradient form speed slow, surpass grain growth that 2 hours high temperature carburizing handles to cause alloy, reduce disadvantages such as its use properties and productivity are low; In addition, also there is the higher defective of energy consumption and production cost in the Wimet that adopts aforesaid method production machinery performance to change in gradient.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is disadvantage at the background technology existence, a kind of carburizing treatment method that makes Wimet mechanical property distribution gradient of research and design, cemented carbide body carried out in the carburizing treatment process accelerating speed that its gradient-structure forms, shortening carburization processing time, the comprehensive mechanical performance, use properties and the productivity that improve alloy body, the work-ing life of prolongation alloy body to reach, purpose such as reduce energy consumption and production costs.
Solution of the present invention be, carburization reaction simple at background technology carburizing agent composition active low, carburization processing time long, inefficient defective.Improve the carburizing agent prescription and adjust the ratio of granular graphite in carburizing agent, promptly on the basis of former carburizing agent, add carbonate under carburizing temperature or/and supercarbonate utilizes carbonate and supercarbonate to decompose and obtains CO
2, CO
2Generate CO gas with granular graphite reaction, the CO gas of this moment has stronger activity, can enter rapidly liquid phase and with the intravital η of alloy (W mutually
3Co
3C, W
2Co
4C etc.) react generation WC, thereby achieve the goal.Its chemical principle is as follows:
R
XCO
3＝R
XO+CO
2 (1)
2R(HCO
3)
X＝2RO
X/2+2XCO
2+XH
2O (2)
CO
2+C＝2CO (3)
W
3Co
3C+4CO＝3WC+3Co+2CO
2 (4)
W
2Co
4C+2CO＝2WC+4Co+CO
2 (5)
Above-mentioned reaction is all carried out under 1380～1500 ℃ of temperature, and R wherein can be elements such as Na or Ca, Ba, K, Mg, Al.Therefore, the inventive method comprises:
A, preparation carburizing agent: by weight percentage, with Al
2O
3Fine powder 30～50wt%, granular graphite 10～30wt% and carbonate mix back stand-by or/and supercarbonate 30～50wt% drops in the agitator.
B, dress boat: the carburizing agent for preparing is measured in the graphite boat of packing on request, and the cemented carbide sintered body even and that mechanical property is consistent of the metallographic structure that will produce according to a conventional method simultaneously is embedded in the carburizing agent;
C, carburizing treatment: the above-mentioned graphite boat that installs is sent in the heat treatment furnace carburizing treatment 50～120min in 1390 °～1450 ℃ temperature ranges; Promptly get object after the cooling.
Al in the above-mentioned carburizing agent
2O
3Purity 〉=98.0%, granular graphite is that C content＞98%, particle diameter are the granular graphite of 0.3～2.0mm, the purity of carbonate and supercarbonate is technical grade.And described carbonate and supercarbonate can be carbonate or the supercarbonate of Na or Ca.Ba, K, Mg, Al.Promptly get object after the described cooling, its speed of cooling is 5～30 ℃/min.
The present invention is owing to the carbonate in the carburizing agent in the carburizing treatment process obtains CO or/and supercarbonate decomposes under carburizing temperature
2Then generate active stronger CO gas again with the granular graphite reaction, this gas enters liquid phase rapidly and generates WC with the intravital η phase reaction of alloy, Co and impel its inside migration dissociates, make the mould top layer become W+ γ mutually and Co content be lower than the phase region of mold mean value, and have high hardness and wear resistance; The middle layer is that W+ γ phase and Co content are higher than the phase region of mould mean value, and has high toughness; The core of mold still contains the η phase constitution because chemical reaction does not almost take place in cementation process, its rigidity is strong.Therefore, the product structure gradient that the present invention produces is obvious, carburization processing time short, surface no η phase layer thickness value height, formation speed are fast, compare under the gradient of condition of equivalent thickness with background technology and can shorten carburizing time 50～65%, the no η phase thickness raising 20～50% in surface, average intensity improve 20～25%; Compare with corresponding standard Wimet worker, mould, improve 30～65% its work-ing life, and have characteristics such as productivity height, production cost and energy consumption are low.
Embodiment 1
Present embodiment is an example with the spherical brill of yG6 tooth carburizing treatment; Carburizing agent is 99.0% Al by purity
2O
3: 40wt%,, particle diameter be 1.2mm, C content be 99.5% granular graphite 20wt%,, purity is that the yellow soda ash 40wt% of technical pure level is formulated; Will be by the uniform yG6 of the metallographic structure that ordinary method is produced together with carburizing agent 2kg dress boat, yG6 ball tooth is sent in the retort furnace after being embedded in the carburizing agent, carburizing treatment 80min under 1400 °～1410 ℃ temperature, with the ball tooth of the thick 2.4mm of top layer WC+ γ two-phase region (no η phase region), and background technology is at 3 hours no η phase bed thickness of carburizing treatment 1.8mm only behind the naturally cooling.
Present embodiment uses φ 45mm inserted drill under the condition of feed pressure 6MPa rotational pressure 5MPa and rotating speed 200rpm, punching on the grouan of ultimate compression strength 270～320MPa with the standard hard alloy spherical-teeth, oppose than test, on average grow 31.8% its work-ing life.
Embodiment 2
It is example that present embodiment adopts the drill bit of the φ 40mm of Wimet WC-8%Co making:
Carburizing agent is lime carbonate and each 20wt% of salt of wormwood of technical grade by purity, and purity is 99.5% Al
2O
3: 40wt% and median size are the granular graphite 20wt% of 1.5mm, C content 99.0%, and be formulated; After adorning boat on request with the inserted drill sintered compact of metallographic structure uniformity, send in the retort furnace, at 1420 ℃ of following carburizing treatment 110min, upper layer does not have the drill bit of the structure in gradient of η phase bed thickness 2.5mm, its average bending strength reaches 3490N/mm
2This drill bit is opposed than test its result with the standard inserted drill on quartzose sandstone: wear resistance raising 22.6%, mean lifetime prolong 35.5%.
Embodiment 3
The height that present embodiment makes with the mixed powder of the WC-7%Co of total carbon content 5.25% is that 16mm, diameter are that the wortle of 12mm, calibrating strap diameter 1.5mm is an example:
Its carburizing agent is by the Calcium hydrogen carbonate 45wt% of technical grade purity, and purity is 99.5% Al
2O
3: 40wt% and C content 99.9%, median size are that the granular graphite 15wt% of 1.2mm is formulated; Carburizing agent 2.2kg is even with the quality of producing according to a conventional method, the inside and outside consistent above-mentioned sintered carbide wire drawing die sintered compact of mechanical property places graphite boat in the lump, after carburizing agent covered the wortle surface fully, send in the retort furnace carburizing treatment 60min under 1400 ℃ of temperature, after the cooling the thick no η phase region that reaches 1.8mm of top layer gradient, and adopt background technology under the same conditions gradient only be 1.2mm.The average bending strength 3128N/mm of this wortle
2, hardness (HRA) 91.90, with the simultaneous test of standard sintered carbide wire drawing die do drawing welding wire, the present embodiment mean yield is 3.8 tons, 2.3 tons of standard sintered carbide wire drawing die average out to, improve 65% its work-ing life.
Claims (4)
1, a kind of carburizing treatment method that makes Wimet mechanical property distribution gradient; It is characterized in that this method comprises:
A, preparation carburizing agent: by weight percentage, with Al
2O
3Fine powder 30～50wt%, granular graphite 10～30wt% and carbonate mix back stand-by or/and supercarbonate 30～50wt% drops in the agitator;
B, dress boat: the carburizing agent for preparing is measured in the graphite boat of packing on request, and the cemented carbide sintered body even and that mechanical property is consistent of the metallographic structure that will produce according to a conventional method simultaneously is embedded in the carburizing agent;
C, carburizing treatment: the above-mentioned graphite boat that installs is sent in the heat treatment furnace carburizing treatment 50～120min in 1390 °～1450 ℃ temperature ranges; Promptly get object after the cooling.
2, by the described carburizing treatment method that makes Wimet mechanical property distribution gradient of claim 1; It is characterized in that described carbonate and supercarbonate are carbonate or the supercarbonates of Na or Ca, Ba, K, Mg, Al.
3, by the described carburizing treatment method that makes Wimet mechanical property distribution gradient of claim 1; It is characterized in that Al in the described carburizing agent
2O
3Purity 〉=98.0%, granular graphite is that C content＞98%, particle diameter are the granular graphite of 0.3～2.0mm, the purity of carbonate and supercarbonate is technical grade.
4, by the described carburizing treatment method that makes Wimet mechanical property distribution gradient of claim 1; It is characterized in that promptly getting object after the described cooling, its speed of cooling is 5～30 ℃/min.
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| CNB031358888A CN100441730C (en) | 2003-09-24 | 2003-09-24 | Hard alloy carburizing process resulting in gradient distribution of mechanical performance |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN102002664A (en) * | 2010-11-02 | 2011-04-06 | 中南大学 | Method for preparing gradient structure hard alloy |
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| CN105239032A (en) * | 2015-10-16 | 2016-01-13 | 东华大学 | Manufacturing method for gradient cemented carbide matrix of diamond coating |
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| CN102002664B (en) * | 2010-11-02 | 2012-06-06 | 中南大学 | Method for preparing gradient structure hard alloy |
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