CN100434471C - Production method of nanometer material modified toughened melamine foamed plastic - Google Patents
Production method of nanometer material modified toughened melamine foamed plastic Download PDFInfo
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- CN100434471C CN100434471C CNB2005100871855A CN200510087185A CN100434471C CN 100434471 C CN100434471 C CN 100434471C CN B2005100871855 A CNB2005100871855 A CN B2005100871855A CN 200510087185 A CN200510087185 A CN 200510087185A CN 100434471 C CN100434471 C CN 100434471C
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of nano material modified toughened melamine foamed plastics and its preparation method. It is made up by using melamine resin, nano material, emulsifying agent, foaming agent, solidifying agent and adjuvant through the processes of mixing them according to a certain mixing ratio and foaming treatment by using foaming equipment.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of melamine foamed plastic, relate in particular to a kind of nanometer material modified toughened melamine foamed plastic and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
Melamine foamed plastic is a kind of novel foamed plastic that the three dimensional network structure of high opening rate is arranged, and excellent sound absorption, flame retardant resistance, thermal insulation, moisture-proof thermostability, wholesomeness and good suitability for secondary processing are arranged.
Melamine foamed plastic is made through the high temperature foaming by the melamine resin of safety, does not have remaining free formaldehyde; Chemical structure that it is stable and cross-linking system make it have unique chemical stability, and its wholesomeness can reach the foodstuff sanitation-stage requirement.
The high percentage of open area feature of melamine foamed plastic makes sound wave energy enter the deep layer of foams easily and effectively and the shock energy that changes grid into is consumed and sponges, and eliminates reflection wave effectively.Melamine foamed plastic showed has caused the expert's of acoustics circle very big interest especially to the absorption characteristic of the brilliance of low frequency noise.
Common porous plastics, as polystyrene, urethane etc., inflammable because of himself, meet relevant fire-retardant rule and standard for making it, often need to add fire retardant, wherein a lot of fire retardants at high temperature can be met thermolysis, and emit a large amount of cigarettes, the poisonous and gas that is corrosive.Have statistics to show, the fire fatality more than 80% is relevant with the suction toxic smog.Melamine foamed plastic just can reach UL94-V0 level (AIA) under the situation of not adding fire retardant.
In building and configuration aspects, melamine foamed plastic can be widely used in sound absorption and fire retardant material such as buildingss such as arenas, kino, church, meeting room, recording studio, gymnasium, playground, subway, harbour, airports because of the sound absorption of its excellence, low unit weight and flame retardant resistance become the ideal material of construction.Simultaneously, also can be used for the noise abatement of industrial circle such as industrial premises, industrial equipments, ventilator trunk.
The starting stage of melamine foamed plastic foaming process is to form a large amount of nuclei of bubbles in containing the solution of melamine resin, makes nuclei of bubbles expand into foam then.So-called nuclei of bubbles is meant original microvesicle, just its gas molecule accumulative place in polymer melt or liquid at first.The quality of the formation stage of nuclei of bubbles to the moulding foam plays a part crucial, if in solution, can occur a large amount of equally distributed nuclei of bubbles simultaneously, then usually can obtain evenly fine and closely woven good quality froth of abscess, if nuclei of bubbles is not to occur simultaneously in solution, the time of continuity is longer, and what the result obtained usually is that abscess is dredged and the foam inferior big, that foam density is big.
Elevated temperature increases quantity of dissolved gas, gas expansion and bubble is associated with is beneficial to promote foam to increase.The surface tension of polymers soln and viscosity are to hinder two kinds of factors that bubble increases.Behind the bubble formation, gaseous tension and its radius are inversely proportional in the bubble, and bubble is littler, and internal pressure is just higher.When the different bubble of two sizes near the time, gas is diffused into from small bubbles in the air pocket and finishes bubble and merge, and increases bubble quantity and bubble by nucleogenesis, adds that bubble hit has enlarged the bubble aperture again, thereby reaches the purpose of foam growth.
Yet in whole foaming process, because elevated temperature, resin viscosity is reduced, perhaps because of local superheating etc., the resin melt local surface tension is reduced, cause cell wall film attenuate, abscess breaks, even foam collapse.
The geometry of foam depends primarily on the processing condition of expansion stages.When shrinking percentage too fast when speed of expansion or material is excessive, obtain the perforate foam easily.And the expansion stages of shaping foamed plastics is very big to the structure properties influence of foam, and some performance of porous plastics can obtain by the condition that changes the expansion stages.
In the solidifying and setting process of melamine foamed plastic, along with the carrying out of polycondensation, the molecular chain of growth is nettedization progressively, and the visco-elasticity of reaction liquid increases gradually, after lose flowability gradually again, final reaction is finished, and reaches solidifying and setting.The curing of foam is the result that molecular structure changes.Therefore, improve the curing speed of melamine foamed plastic foam, should quicken polycondensation, the speed of nettedization of acceleration molecular structure.Quicken the curing speed of thermosetting foam plastics foam, can be by improving Heating temperature and adding approach such as catalyzer.Because the visco-elasticity of thermosetting foam plastics and mobile depend on the degree that molecular structure is crosslinked, so the expansion of bubble and solidify and must adapt with the degree of polymkeric substance polycondensation.
But directly the melamine foamed plastic with the melamine resin preparation can not satisfy requirement of actual application on mechanical property, and the flame retardant properties of the product of organism modification melamino-formaldehyde resin foaming such as use polyvalent alcohol decreases.
Nano composite material is meant to have at least the one dimension size of a phase to reach nano level (1～100nm) material in material two-phase (or heterogeneous) microtexture.Because specific surface area that nano-dispersed is mutually big and strong quantum effect that interfacial interaction produced and surface effects, nano material is not only shown be different from general macroscopical performance of composites, also may have the property that stock blend does not possess, for polymer modification and preparation high-performance, multifunctional material have increased new approach.
Summary of the invention
Therefore, in order to solve problems of the prior art, the present invention is devoted to provide a kind of high-performance foam plastics and preparation method thereof.
The present invention uses nano material to improve the dispersiveness of high solids content, full-bodied melamine resin effectively, has shortened emulsification times, has reduced owing to the raise foaming in advance that causes and solidify detrimentally affect to the finished product in advance of the temperature in the emulsion process.
This foamy production is carried out in following mode, melamine foamed plastic is that foaming resin dedicated with melamine foamed plastic is masterbatch, require to add proper amount of nano material, whipping agent, solidifying agent, emulsifying agent and auxiliary agents such as special-purpose reactive plasticizer and adjusting adhesive according to the finished product, the back heated by microwave in special industrial microwave oven that stirs makes temperature in the stove reach the boiling point of whipping agent, thereby make whipping agent gasification form bubble, in air bubble growth and stabilization process, utilize the auxiliary agent that is added to avoid as forming the product defects of type such as air pocket.After finishing, foaming continues to keep or bring up to certain temperature, so that the evaporation of the residual solvent in the foam.
After last process is finished,,, improve the security and the suitability of the finished product by means such as cutting, slaking, hot pressing, compound, dyeing according to the specific physical character of melamine foamed plastic.
Nanometer material modified toughened melamine foamed plastic of the present invention is made of following raw material hybrid reaction: melamine resin, nano material, emulsifying agent, whipping agent, solidifying agent and auxiliary agent.
Wherein, described nano material is to be selected from the organic nano material of nanometer paracril, nanometer chloroprene rubber, nanometer cis-1,4-polybutadiene rubber or polynite, CaCO
3, SiO
2, α-A1
2O
3One or more materials of inorganic nano material.
Described emulsifying agent is for being selected from alkylsulfonate or alkylaryl sulfomates, the carbonatoms of alkyl can be 8～20, be preferably sodium salt, be preferably the stupid sodium sulfonate of dodecyl, diisobutyl sodium naphthalene sulfonate, polyoxyethylene nonylphenol ether, polyoxyethylene nonyl phenyl sodium sulfate, polyoxyethylene octylphenol ether, octyl phenol polyoxy sodium sulfate; The metal-salt of sulfosuccinate, sulfonated castor oil, alkyl naphthalene sulfonic acid, sulfocarbolic acid and sulphonate, the sulfuric acid hydrogen ester of 12～18 carbon atoms and the hydrogen sulfate Fatty Alcohol(C12-C14 and C12-C18) of 16～18 carbon atoms; The cation compound of three hydramine oleic acid esters and chlorination dodecyl pyridine; Cross ethoxy castor oil, cross the ethoxylated oil lipidol, cross oxyethyl group stearic acid or oleic acid, cross one or more materials of the non-ionic compound of oxyethyl group nonylphenol.
Described whipping agent is-20 ℃～100 ℃ for being selected from boiling point, is preferably one or more materials of 20 ℃～80 ℃ alkane, halohydrocarbon, alcohol, ketone, ether or ester, and most preferred whipping agent is pentane, hexane, trichlorofluoromethane and Refrigerant R 113.
Described solidifying agent is to be selected from one or more inorganic materials or the organic materials that comprises hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, formic acid, acetate, oxalic acid, lactic acid, halogenated carboxylic acid salt, chloro-acetamide, hydrophosphate and acid anhydrides.
Described auxiliary agent is by being selected from fiber and powdered toughener or filler, pigment, dyestuff, fire retardant, softening agent, reducing the additive and the hydrophober of institute's release gas toxicity or promotion carburizing reagent when plastics burning.
Prepare the method for melamine foamed plastic of the present invention, comprising:
1) temperature value of adjusting thermostatic chamber is 18～22 ℃;
2) require according to the finished product and selected mould takes by weighing melamine resin and places agitator;
3) add whipping agent, stir, stirring velocity does not have special restriction and is as the criterion to stir;
4) add the mixture of nano material, emulsifying agent, solidifying agent and the auxiliary agent mixed, regulate agitator speed to stirring, stirring velocity does not have special restriction and is as the criterion to stir;
5) rapidly the material blade coating in mold bottom, and mould placed foam device;
6) according to adding material amount regulate the power foaming 1～10 minute of foam device;
7) foaming is finished, and shifts out mould;
8) open mould, cut epidermis behind the taking-up foam, can cut out different thickness as requested simultaneously;
9) heat, hot pressing, slaking, cutting, compound and painted postprocessing working procedures obtains product.
In foaming system, contain the emulsifying agent that accounts for melamine resin weight 0.5～10%, be preferably 1.0～5.0%.The effect of emulsifying agent is homodisperse organic blowing agent and other auxiliary agent in the aqueous solution.Therefore, emulsifying agent has guaranteed the stable of system in foaming process, prevented the demixing phenomenon generation, and the layering of solution can cause the even foamy of density unevenness to produce.Blowing temperature is high more, and the effect of emulsifying agent is obvious more.Simultaneously, emulsifying agent also plays the effect of nucleator in foam process.Anionic compound is more suitable material, particularly alkylsulfonate or alkylaryl sulfomates, here the carbonatoms of alkyl is 8～20, and particular certain cancers, comprise Sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, diisobutyl sodium naphthalene sulfonate, polyoxyethylene nonylphenol ether, polyoxyethylene nonyl phenyl sodium sulfate, polyoxyethylene octylphenol ether, octyl phenol polyoxy sodium sulfate etc.; The metal-salt of sulfosuccinate, sulfonated castor oil, alkyl naphthalene sulfonic acid, sulfocarbolic acid and sulphonate, for example the hydrogen sulfate Fatty Alcohol(C12-C14 and C12-C18) of the sulfuric acid hydrogen ester of 12～18 carbon atoms and 16～18 carbon atoms also can use, cation compound for another example, three hydramine oleic acid esters and chlorination dodecyl pyridine, non-ionic compound, for example cross ethoxy castor oil, cross the ethoxylated oil lipidol, cross oxyethyl group stearic acid or oleic acid, cross the oxyethyl group nonylphenol.
Whipping agent among the present invention adopts the lower material of boiling point, as alkane, halohydrocarbon, alcohol, ketone, ether or ester.According to wanting barmy density, the amount of whipping agent accounts for melamine resin weight 1～50%, is preferably 5～40%.These whipping agents should be evenly dispersed in the solution, the time let off steam and make resin expanded in heating.In addition, also can add reactive whipping agent, make its reaction emit gas foaming again.
Compound as solidifying agent can be at decomposition under the reaction conditions, chemical combination or protonated, and these can both impel the further condensation of melamine resin.The consumption of solidifying agent is preferably 0.05～5% for accounting for melamine resin weight 0.01～20%.Than proper curing agents be, for example the material that in foaming process, can produce solidifying agent of the inorganic or organic acid of hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, formic acid, acetate, oxalic acid, lactic acid and for example halogenated carboxylic acid salt, chloro-acetamide, hydrophosphate, acid anhydrides and ammonium salt.Formaldehyde itself at high temperature also can be used as solidifying agent because of the uneven formic acid that generates.
Preferably do not contain auxiliary agent in the resin aqueous solution.The auxiliary agent that adds for some purpose reaches as high as 20%, but general 10% of the weight resin that do not surpass.Usual auxiliaries has fiber and powdery toughener or filler, pigment, dyestuff, fire retardant, softening agent, and some reduce the additive that discharges gas toxicity or promote carburizing reagent when plastics burn.Because the foamy open-celled structure very easily absorbs water, satisfy some needs as desire and can add 0.2～5% hydrophober, as alkylphenol, silicon and the paraffin of 5～15 carbon atoms, and in the technician technology of common practise to ability for the selection of auxiliary agent.
Make the temperature of mixture be elevated under the current pressure boiling point of whipping agent in the solution, the mode that elevates the temperature can be heating (as warm air, steam or high frequency waves) or utilize reaction heat.When reaching this temperature, the whipping agent vaporization makes the mixture foaming.In the isothermal foaming process, the temperature of the aqueous solution is elevated to the boiling point of whipping agent under the current pressure.This process is preferably carried out under barometric point, and temperature of charge is 20～80 ℃, but envrionment temperature may be far above this temperature.
The required heat of solution can be produced by high frequency waves.The microwave that the main applying frequency scope of this ripple is 0.2-100GHz.From industrial practical angle, frequency be 0.915 and the microwave of 2.45GHz comparatively suitable.Microwave source is a magnetron, also can produce microwave simultaneously by several groups of magnetrons.Must be noted that when producing microwave to guarantee strict magneticstrength.
The heating of expandable mixtures is carried out in a particular manufacturing craft.When foaming, this mould seals in batches.Theoretically, material is evenly distributed on the travelling belt of persistent movement, then by microwave source, just can be to the continuous heating of mixture the carrying out in the open channel-type treatment zone in a two.
During heating, base-material at first reaches the boiling point of auxiliary blowing agent under the current pressure.After its vaporization was finished, temperature rose to the boiling point of water.Beneficially, foaming is carried out preferred 400～900mbar under the pressure that reduces.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
Prescription: melamine resin 200 grams, Sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate 6 grams, phosphatase 24 gram, pentane 20 grams, nanometer paracril 0.2 gram.Make melamine foamed plastic according to following steps.
1) temperature value of adjusting thermostatic chamber is 18～22 ℃;
2) require according to the finished product and selected mould takes by weighing melamine resin 200 and restrains and place agitator;
3) add whipping agent, stir, stirring velocity does not have special restriction and is as the criterion to stir;
4) add nano material, compound emulsifying agent and solidifying agent etc. and the mixture that has mixed, regulate agitator speed to stirring, stirring velocity does not have special restriction and is as the criterion to stir;
5) rapidly the material blade coating in mold bottom, and mould placed foam device;
6) according to adding material amount regulate the power foaming 1～10 minute of foam device;
7) foaming is finished, and shifts out mould;
8) open mould, cut epidermis behind the taking-up foam, can cut out different thickness as requested simultaneously;
9) heat, hot pressing, slaking, cutting, compound and painted postprocessing working procedures obtains product.
Embodiment 2
Prescription: melamine resin 200 grams, diisobutyl sodium naphthalene sulfonate 8 grams, formic acid 11 grams, Refrigerant R 113 20 grams, nanometer α-Al
2O
30.3 gram.Preparation process according to embodiment 1 prepares melamine foamed plastic.
Embodiment 3
Prescription: melamine resin 200 grams, polyoxyethylene nonylphenol ether 10 grams, hydrochloric acid 6 grams, pentane 30 grams, nanometer cis-1,4-polybutadiene rubber 0.1 gram.Preparation process according to embodiment 1 prepares melamine foamed plastic.
Embodiment 4
Prescription: melamine resin 200 grams, polyoxyethylene nonyl phenyl sodium sulfate 16 grams, acetate 14 grams, n-hexane 40 grams, nano level SiO
20.4 gram.Preparation process according to embodiment 1 prepares melamine foamed plastic.
Embodiment 5
Prescription: melamine resin 200 grams, polyoxyethylene octylphenol ether 12 grams, formic acid 6 grams, pentane 20 grams, nanometer paracril 0.2 gram.Preparation process according to embodiment 1 prepares melamine foamed plastic.
Embodiment 6
Prescription: melamine resin 200 grams, Sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate 4 grams, sulfuric acid 9 grams, Refrigerant R 113 16 grams, nanometer chloroprene rubber 0.2 gram.Preparation process according to embodiment 1 prepares melamine foamed plastic.
Embodiment 7
Prescription: melamine resin 200 grams, polyoxyethylene nonylphenol ether 8 grams, sodium hydrogen phosphate 8 grams, acetone 20 grams, polynite 2 grams.Preparation process according to embodiment 1 prepares melamine foamed plastic.
Embodiment 8
Prescription: melamine resin 200 grams, Sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate 15 grams, formic acid 7 grams, ether 15 grams, CaCO
31.5 gram.Preparation process according to embodiment 1 prepares melamine foamed plastic.
Embodiment 9
Prescription: melamine resin 200 grams, polyoxyethylene nonyl phenyl sodium sulfate 16 grams, chloro-acetamide 6 grams, ethylene glycol 18 grams, nanometer chloroprene rubber 6 grams.Preparation process according to embodiment 1 prepares melamine foamed plastic.
Embodiment 10
Prescription: melamine resin 200 grams, polyoxyethylene nonylphenol ether 16 grams, sodium chloroacetate 4 grams, 2-chloropentane 22 grams, nanometer chloroprene rubber 8 grams.Preparation process according to embodiment 1 prepares melamine foamed plastic.
Embodiment 11
Prescription: melamine resin 200 grams, Sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate 16 grams, hexahydrophthalic anhydride 10 grams, iso-pentane 22 grams, nanometer chloroprene rubber 6 grams.Preparation process according to embodiment 1 prepares melamine foamed plastic.
The foam main performance index of utilizing the present invention to produce is as follows:
| Project name | Unit | Inspecting standard | Numerical value |
| Unit weight | Kg/m 3 | GB/T 6343-1995 | 2-10 |
| Press and fall into hardness | kPa | GB/T 10807-1989 | 10-30 |
| Tensile strength | kPa | GB/T 6344-1996 | ＞35 |
| Elongation at break | ％ | GB/T 6344-1996 | ＞15 |
| Thermal conductivity | W/(m·k) | GB/T 10294-1988 | ＜0.035 |
| Compression set | ％ | GB/T 6669-2001 | 10-35 |
| Sound absorption coefficient | ％ | GBJ 47-83 | ＞90 |
| The long term operation temperature | ℃ | 150 | |
| The density of being fuming | mg | GB/T 8323-1987 | ＜15 |
| Flame retardant properties | UL 94-96 | V-0 |
Claims (8)
1, a kind of nanometer material modified toughened melamine foamed plastic is made of following raw material hybrid reaction: melamine resin, 1～5% the organic nano material that is selected from nanometer paracril, nanometer chloroprene rubber, nanometer cis-1,4-polybutadiene rubber that accounts for melamine resin weight or polynite, CaCO
3, SiO
2, α-Al
2O
3Inorganic nano material one or more nano materials, account for melamine resin weight 0.5～10% emulsifying agent, account for melamine resin weight 1～50% whipping agent, account for 0.01～20% solidifying agent of melamine resin weight and account for 0～20% auxiliary agent of melamine resin weight.
2, according to the melamine foamed plastic of claim 1, it is characterized in that, described emulsifying agent accounts for 1.0～5.0% of melamine resin weight, and for being selected from one or more materials of Sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, diisobutyl sodium naphthalene sulfonate, polyoxyethylene nonylphenol ether, polyoxyethylene octylphenol ether.
According to the melamine foamed plastic of claim 1, it is characterized in that 3, described whipping agent accounts for 5～40% of melamine resin weight, and for being selected from one or more materials that boiling point is-20 ℃～100 ℃ alkane, halohydrocarbon, alcohol, ketone, ether or ester.
According to the melamine foamed plastic of claim 3, it is characterized in that 4, described whipping agent is selected from one or more materials that boiling point is 20 ℃～80 ℃ alkane, halohydrocarbon, alcohol, ketone, ether or ester.
According to the melamine foamed plastic of claim 3, it is characterized in that 5, described whipping agent is selected from pentane, hexane, trichlorofluoromethane or Refrigerant R 113.
6, according to the melamine foamed plastic of claim 1, it is characterized in that, described solidifying agent accounts for 0.05～5% of melamine resin weight, and for being selected from one or more inorganic materials or the organic materials of hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, formic acid, acetate, oxalic acid, lactic acid, halogenated carboxylic acid salt, chloro-acetamide, hydrophosphate and acid anhydrides.
7, according to the melamine foamed plastic of claim 1, it is characterized in that, described auxiliary agent accounts for 0～10% of melamine resin weight, and by being selected from fiber and powdered toughener, pigment, dyestuff, fire retardant, softening agent, when plastics burn, reducing the additive or the hydrophober of institute's release gas toxicity or promotion carburizing reagent.
8, a kind of method for preparing the melamine foamed plastic of claim 1 comprises:
1) temperature value of adjusting thermostatic chamber is 18～22 ℃;
2) require according to the finished product and selected mould takes by weighing the melamine resin raw material and places agitator;
3) add whipping agent, stir;
4) add the mixture of nano material, emulsifying agent, solidifying agent and the auxiliary agent mixed, regulate agitator speed to stirring;
5) the material blade coating in mold bottom, and mould placed foam device;
6) according to adding material amount regulate the power foaming 1～10 minute of foam device;
7) foaming is finished, and shifts out mould;
8) open mould, cut epidermis behind the taking-up foam, can cut out different thickness as requested simultaneously;
9) heat, hot pressing, slaking, cutting, compound and painted postprocessing working procedures obtains product.
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| CNB2005100871855A CN100434471C (en) | 2005-07-27 | 2005-07-27 | Production method of nanometer material modified toughened melamine foamed plastic |
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| CNB2005100871855A CN100434471C (en) | 2005-07-27 | 2005-07-27 | Production method of nanometer material modified toughened melamine foamed plastic |
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| CN100434471C true CN100434471C (en) | 2008-11-19 |
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| CN102101937B (en) * | 2009-12-21 | 2013-12-04 | 上海杰事杰新材料(集团)股份有限公司 | Super-tough polybutylece terephthalate nano composite material and preparation method thereof |
| CN102401197B (en) * | 2011-07-12 | 2013-05-15 | 重庆美尔康塑胶有限公司 | Melamine resin water drain pipe and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN103030924B (en) * | 2012-12-11 | 2014-09-03 | 四川大学 | Fiber material modified melamine formaldehyde foam and preparation method thereof |
| CN105385103B (en) * | 2015-12-10 | 2017-12-19 | 朱晓燕 | A kind of light porous melamine resin class is crossed the border capture material and its preparation technology |
| CN105949714B (en) * | 2016-05-12 | 2018-04-10 | 成都玉龙超聚新材料有限公司 | A kind of high resilience carrying foamed material and preparation method thereof |
| CN106479116A (en) * | 2016-09-30 | 2017-03-08 | 美的集团股份有限公司 | Foam type heat insulation material and its preparation method and application |
| CN106674890A (en) * | 2016-12-05 | 2017-05-17 | 钦州市钦南区生产力促进中心 | Polymer foam material and preparation method thereof |
| CN108314873A (en) * | 2018-02-07 | 2018-07-24 | 廊坊暖康管业有限公司 | Nano-silicon polymerize thermal insulation board |
| CN108219362A (en) * | 2018-02-07 | 2018-06-29 | 廊坊暖康管业有限公司 | Nano-silicon composite insulation boards |
| CN109836548B (en) * | 2019-02-20 | 2021-10-08 | 濮阳绿宇新材料科技股份有限公司 | Preparation method of environment-friendly melamine-based foam plastic |
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