CN100432196C - Gasoline compositions - Google Patents

Gasoline compositions Download PDF

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Publication number
CN100432196C
CN100432196C CNB200480020221XA CN200480020221A CN100432196C CN 100432196 C CN100432196 C CN 100432196C CN B200480020221X A CNB200480020221X A CN B200480020221XA CN 200480020221 A CN200480020221 A CN 200480020221A CN 100432196 C CN100432196 C CN 100432196C
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gasoline
composition
ethyl levulinate
gasoline composition
alkyl
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CN1823153A (en
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A·P·格罗夫斯
C·莫利
J·史密斯
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Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij BV
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Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij BV
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/22—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
    • C10L1/234—Macromolecular compounds
    • C10L1/238—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10L1/2383—Polyamines or polyimines, or derivatives thereof (poly)amines and imines; derivatives thereof (substituted by a macromolecular group containing 30C)
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/02—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on components consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen only
    • C10L1/023—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on components consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen only for spark ignition
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/143—Organic compounds mixtures of organic macromolecular compounds with organic non-macromolecular compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/146—Macromolecular compounds according to different macromolecular groups, mixtures thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L10/00—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L10/00—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes
    • C10L10/04—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for minimising corrosion or incrustation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L10/00—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes
    • C10L10/18—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes use of detergents or dispersants for purposes not provided for in groups C10L10/02 - C10L10/16
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
    • C10L1/19—Esters ester radical containing compounds; ester ethers; carbonic acid esters
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
    • C10L1/192—Macromolecular compounds
    • C10L1/198—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds homo- or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon to carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an acyloxy radical of a saturated carboxylic acid, of carbonic acid
    • C10L1/1985—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds homo- or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon to carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an acyloxy radical of a saturated carboxylic acid, of carbonic acid polyethers, e.g. di- polygylcols and derivatives; ethers - esters

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Liquid Carbonaceous Fuels (AREA)
  • Solid Fuels And Fuel-Associated Substances (AREA)
  • Detergent Compositions (AREA)

Abstract

The invention provides a gasoline composition comprising a major amount of a gasoline suitable for use in a sparkignition engine, 1 to 15% v of ethyl levulinate, and 20 to 2000 ppmw of a nitrogen-containing detergent containing a hydrocarbyl group having a number average molecular weight in the range 750 to 6000; the preparation of such a composition, and its Use in operation of a spark-ignition engine.

Description

Gasoline composition
The present invention relates to gasoline composition, more specifically relate to the composition that contains levulinate, also relate to their preparation method and purposes.
Levulinate (ester of levulinic acid) and the preparation method who reacts by suitable alcohol and furfuryl acetate thereof, be disclosed in Zh.Pr ikl.Khim. (Leningrad) (1969) 42 (4), among the 958-9, particularly methyl, ethyl, propyl group, butyl, amyl group and polyhexamethylene.
WO 9421753 (VEBA OEL) discloses the fuel that is used for oil engine, comprises gasoline and diesel oil, and it contains portion C 4-C 6Keto-carboxylic acid (preferred levulinic acid) and C 1-C 22The ester of alcohol (1-90v% for example, 1-50v%, preferred 1-20v%).According to describing and C 1-C 8The ester of alcohol is particularly suitable for being included in the gasoline, and and C 9-C 22The ester of alcohol is particularly suitable for being included in the diesel oil.
For improving its octane value (RON and MON), the embodiment among the WO 9421753 all comprises a certain amount of levulinate in gasoline.In embodiment 1,7 and 10, the 10v% methyl ester levulinate is mixed in the different base gasolines.Embodiment 2-6 uses the secondary butyl ester of acetate ethyl propionate, levulinic acid n-propyl, levulinic acid isopropyl ester, levulinic acid isobutyl ester and levulinic acid respectively.It is 1: 1 and 2: 1 the methyl ester levulinate and the mixture of methyl-formiate that embodiment 8 and 9 uses the 10v% ratio respectively.Embodiment 11 uses the methyl ester levulinate of 5-90v% proportional range in unleaded European super gasoline.
WO 03002696 (AAE Tech.Int.) discloses a kind of fuel composition that is mixed with levulinic acid or its functionalization derivative, its objective is than ethanol or traditional oxycompound such as MTBE or ETBE more oxygen is provided, the fuel Reid vapor pressure has only very little raising or does not improve, and the flash-point of basic fuel is had only very little influence or not influence.The functionalization derivative is alkyl derivative preferably, is preferably C 1-C 10Alkyl derivative.It is said that ethyl levulinate is preferred, and methyl ester levulinate is preferred surrogate.The preferable amount of levulinic acid or functionalization derivative is the 0.1-5v% of fuel.
An aspect of WO 03002696 disclosure also is mixed with the other additive that 0.1-5v% is selected from following substances:
A) have the saturated or unsaturated monohydroxy-alcohol of optional oxyalkylated straight or branched of 8-24 carbon atom, contain 0 or the ethylene oxide of 1-20 mole and/or the propylene oxide of 1-5 mole in every mol of alcohol, or
B) have the polyvalent alcohol of 2-6 carbon atom, optional part ground is had the lipid acid institute esterification of 1-24 carbon atom, or
C) have the alkoxylated fatty acid of 12-24 carbon atom, and every moles of fatty acids has the ethylene oxide of 4-20 mole, or
D) dimer (fatty acid) yl of ethoxylation.
This class A fuel A is diesel oil (the 7th page, 11-22 is capable) preferably.
On the other hand, this fuel does not contain oxyalkylated compound and long-chain alkyl alcohol substantially, but it to contain general formula be R-CO-NR 1-R 2Additive, wherein R is alkyl with saturated or undersaturated straight or branched of 6-21 carbon atom (corresponding number-average molecular weight scope is 85-295), R 1And R 2Represent C independently of one another 1-C 4Hydroxyalkyl.Substitute additive (the 8th page, the 9th, 10 row) and comprise oleic acid alkanolamide and the acid of alkoxide base carburetion.
A kind of fuel composition also is provided, it is mixed with (the 9th page in the nitrogenous source of levulinic acid or its functionalization derivative and nitrogen compound form, 8-15 is capable), this nitrogen compound is selected from following substances: ammonia, hydrazine, alkyl hydrazine, dialkyl group hydrazine, urea, thanomin, monoalkyl ethanolamine and dialkyl group thanomin, wherein alkyl is independently selected from methyl, ethyl, n-propyl or sec.-propyl.Urea is preferred.This nitrogen compound can be anhydrous compound or aquo compound, the aqueous solution for example, and can be the aqueous solution up to 5%w/w.
Also can there be (the 10th page, 1-29 is capable) in hexadecanol octane promoter, de-emulsifier and biofuel type fuel.
Simultaneously, WO 03002696 statement (the 11st page of the 31st row) " foregoing is illustrated by following embodiment ", composition and test-results data comprise following statement:
" the regulation gasoline mixture that discovery contains up to 5.0% ethyl levulinate, 1.0% water and 2.0% nonionogenic tenside has the RVP similar to base gasoline " and
" discovery contains up to 5.0% ethyl levulinate, 1.0% water and 2.The regulation diesel fuel mixtures of 0% nonionogenic tenside has the flash-point similar to basic diesel oil ".
It has surprisingly been found that, the gasoline composition that contains ethyl levulinate and specific nitrogenous washing composition, the engine washing performance that can be improved astoundingly, and, the gasoline composition that contains similar concentration methyl ester levulinate is compared, and the gasoline composition that contains ethyl levulinate is better with the consistency of some sealing elastomer material astoundingly.
According to the present invention, a kind of gasoline composition is provided, it comprises that the gasoline that is applicable to spark ignition engine, 1-15v% ethyl levulinate and the 20-2000ppmw of main amount contain the nitrogenous washing composition that the number-average molecular weight scope is the alkyl of 750-6000.
Preferably, the concentration of ethyl levulinate meets following one or more parameter in the described gasoline composition:
(i) 1.5v% at least,
(ii) 2v% at least,
(iii) 3v% at least,
(iv) 4v% at least,
(v) up to 12v%,
(vi) up to 10v%,
(vi) up to 8v%,
(vii) up to 6v%,
Has feature (i) and (v), (ii) and (vi), (iii) and (vii) and (v) and (scope viii) is more preferably respectively gradually.
Gasoline composition preferably contains the nitrogenous washing composition of 50-1500ppmw, more preferably contains the nitrogenous washing composition of 50-500ppmw.Consumption is that 80-250ppmw is very suitable as 100-150ppmw.
The nitrogenous washing composition that contains number-average molecular weight (Mn) scope and be the alkyl of 750-6000 can be amine for example polyisobutene monoamine or polyamines, as polyisobutene quadrol or N-polyisobutene-N ', N '-dimethyl-1, the 3-diaminopropanes, or acid amides polyisobutenyl succinimide for example, they there be multiple different the description, for example in US 5855629 and WO 0132812.Alternatively, nitrogenous washing composition can be a kind of Mannich amine washing composition, for example the Mannich amine washing composition described in the US 5725612.
A kind of particularly preferred nitrogenous washing composition is that general formula is R 1-NH 2Alkylamine, R wherein 1The expression radicals R 2Or radicals R 2-CH 2-, R 2Expression number-average molecular weight scope is the alkyl of 750-6000, is preferably 900-3000, and more preferably 950-2000 most preferably is 950-1350, and for example the number-average molecular weight scope is the polybutylene-based or polyisobutenyl of 950-1050.
Nitrogenous washing composition is a known substance, can use currently known methods or prepares with the similar method of currently known methods.For example US 4832702 discloses the method that is prepared polybutylene-based amine and polyisobutenyl amine by suitable polybutene or polyisobutene, wherein by hydrocarbonylation with the OXO products amination that obtains is prepared.
Suitable alkylamine can obtain from BASF A.G., and trade mark is " Kerocom ".
Except ethyl levulinate and nitrogenous washing composition, gasoline composition can contain one or more carrier fluids, stopping agent, antioxidant, dyestuff, demisting agent, metal passivator, washing composition, friction improver, thinner and marking agent except that the nitrogenous washing composition that contains alkyl as defined above (for example polyetheramine) in addition.
Specially suitable carrier fluid is for example polyisobutene and poly-alpha olefins and a polyoxyalkylene compounds of polyolefine.Suitably, the applied total concn of carrier fluid is 20-8000ppmw, for example 50-500ppmw.
The poly-alpha olefins carrier fluid mainly is tripolymer, the tetramer and pentamer, and synthesizing in " Growing use of synlubes " (HydrocarbonProcessing, February 1982, the 75-82 pages or leaves) people such as Campen of this class material has general introduction.Poly-alpha olefins can not carry out hydrotreatment, but it is preferably hydrooligomer.Poly-alpha olefins preferably is derived from the 'alpha '-olefin monomers that contains 8-12 carbon atom.And, it preferably in the time of 100 ℃ viscosity be in 6 * 10 -6To 1 * 10 -5m 2Within/s (6-10 centistoke) scope.The poly-alpha olefins that is derived from decylene-1 is very suitable.Viscosity is 8 * 10 in the time of 100 ℃ -6m 2The poly-alpha olefins of/s (8 centistoke) is very suitable.
Polyoxyalkylene carrier fluid (they are very effective) preferably has general formula I I
Figure C20048002022100061
R wherein 3And R 4Independent expression hydrogen atom or alkyl, preferred C 1-40Alkyl, for example alkyl, cycloalkyl, phenyl or alkyl phenyl, each R 5Independent expression alkylidene group, preferred C 2-8Alkylidene group, the value of p are in the 400-3000 scope Mn of polyoxyalkylene compounds, are preferably 700-2000, more preferably 1000-2000.
Preferably, R 3Expression C 8-20Alkyl, R 4The expression hydrogen atom.R 3Preferred expression C 8-18Alkyl, more preferably C 8-15Alkyl.R 3Can be C expediently 8-15The mixture of alkyl.
In general formula I I, radicals R 5Be preferably 1, the 2-alkylidene group.Preferably, each radicals R 5Represent C independently 2-4Alkylidene group, for example ethylidene, propylene or 1,2-butylidene.When each radicals R 5During the expression propylene, obtain very effective result.
Hydrocarbon such as polyolefinic number-average molecular weight can be recorded by several technology that provide approaching analog result.Expediently, Mn can record by gas phase osmotic pressure method (VPO) (ASTM D 3592) or by modern gel permeation chromatography (GPC), W.W.Yau for example, J.J.Kirkland and D.D.Bly, " Modern Size Exclusion Liquid Chromatography " (John Wiley and Sons, New York, 1979) described in.Wherein the known compound general formula just can calculate number-average molecular weight as its general formula molecular weight.
Most suitable friction improver is the soap friction improver (for example embodiment 1 described improving agent) that is disclosed among the DE-A-19955651 (BASF), and its consumption is 5-1000ppmw, is preferably 25-400ppmw, more preferably 50-200ppmw.
Be applicable to that gasoline in the spark ignition engine is typically boiling point within 25-232 ℃ of scope and contain the hydrocarbon mixture of stable hydrocarbon, alkene and aromatic hydrocarbons mixture.Preferably saturated hydrocarbon content in 40-80v% scope, olefin(e) centent at 0-30v% scope and aromaticity content gasoline mixture in the 10-60v% scope.This gasoline can be derived from straight-run spirit, polymer gasoline, natural gasoline, dimerization or three polyolefine, by the synthetic aromatic hydrocarbons mixture that makes of petroleum of the hydrocarbon of thermal reforming or catalytic reforming or catalytic cracking or thermally splitting or their mixture.The hydrocarbon of this gasoline is formed and the octane value level is not critical.Its octane value level (R+M)/2 is generally greater than 85.Any conventional gasoline all can use.For example in this gasoline, hydrocarbon can be substituted by the known conventional alcohol or the ether that is generally used in the gasoline of a great deal of at the most.
This gasoline is preferably unleaded, and this may be a legal requirements.If allow, unleaded anti knocking oompound and/or valve seat recess protective agent compound (for example known sylvite, sodium salt or phosphorus compound) can exist.
Modern gasoline is the inherent low-sulfur fuel, for example contains the sulphur that is less than 200ppmw.
In this specification sheets, the consumption of component (concentration) (v%) (ppmw) is the amount of active substance, does not promptly comprise volatile solvent/diluent material.
The present invention also provides a kind of preparation method of gasoline composition of the present invention as defined above, and it comprises makes gasoline, ethyl levulinate and nitrogenous washing composition become mixture.
If wish, soap, supplementary additive and any annexing ingredient such as stopping agent, the antioxidant etc. that go out as listed above, all but blend is in multifunctional additive for lubricating oils, preferably with the suitable diluent blend, this interpolation enriched material can appropriate amount be distributed in the gasoline, to obtain composition of the present invention.
The present invention also provides a kind of method of operating spark ignition engine, and it comprises that the gasoline composition of the present invention with above-mentioned definition is incorporated in the combustion chamber of described engine.
The inventive method can cause multiple advantageous effects, comprise the good engine performance that keeps clean, especially the sedimental clean-up performance of intake system, and this clean-up performance can be when nitrogenous detergent concentration be higher, favourable octane value performance (RON and MON) and favourable reid vapor depressed acquisition.
The present invention can be better understood by following illustrative embodiment, and wherein except as otherwise noted, deal and per-cent all are by weight, and temperature all is with a degree centigrade expression.
In these embodiments, used basic fuel is that RON 98.9, MON 86.6 and sulphur content are that 138ppmw (ASTM D 2622-94), aromaticity content are that 50.7%v/v and olefin(e) centent are 7.5%v/v (ASTM D6623-01 (method C)), density (DIN 51757/V4) 779.1kg/m 3, distillation 35.4 ° of (I SO 3405/88) IBP, 203 ℃ of 95%v/v 174.4, FBP white gasoline (95ULG).
By adding down additive in room temperature (20 ℃) in basic fuel and homogenizing, make fuel and additive blend.
Use following additives:
Ethyl levulinate (is derived from Avocado Chemicals, cat.No.15001);
" DP "-standard commercial gasoline dope bag contains PIBA washing composition, synthetic vectors oil and conventional stopping agent, very near the additive-package PI of DE-A-19955651 embodiment 3.The PIBA washing composition is the polyisobutene monoamine (PIBA) of a kind of BASF of being derived from, and wherein polyisobutene (PIB) chain has about 1000 number-average molecular weight.Synthetic vectors oil is a kind of polyethers carrier of polyoxy propylene glycol half ether, contains the 15-30 propylene oxide unit, is in C by use 5-15The mixture of the alkanol in the scope makes as initiator, and its Mn is within the 1000-2000 scope.This additive-package contains 68% non-volatile substance of having an appointment, and the about 27w% of this additive-package is PIBA, and 40w% is a carrier fluid.
" PIBA "-technical grade polyisobutene monoamine corresponding to the monoamine in " DP ", contains the 50-55w% active substance, and surplus is unreacted substantially polyisobutene.
Test fuel is carried out testing of engine according to following method.
Toyota keeps a public place clean
In order to estimate the admission valve degree of cleaning, use 2.0 liters of 3S-FE engines of Toyot a (take from 1992 sections of Toyota Carina, every cylinder has 4 valves) to carry out the IVD test of keeping a public place clean.Engine is multi-point injection (MPI), and has lambda transmitter and exhaust gas recirculation.
Before beginning test, admission parts and combustion chamber are cleaned, and new admission valve of weighing in advance and new sparking plug are installed on the engine, a new purolator is installed, engine is full of new engine oil.
Engine moves 69 hours under corresponding to the testing method of CEC-F-05-A-93, difference is to use Toyota 3S-FE engine to substitute the Mercedes Benz M 102E engine of stipulating in the CEC-F-05-A-93 method, moment of torsion is different from the moment of torsion of stipulating among the CEC-F-05-A-93, is worth by the different B MEP (brake mean effective pressure) that Mercedes Benz M 102E and Toyota 3S-FE engine obtain with compensation.
Each round-robin actual conditions is:
Stage Time (second) rpm Moment of torsion (Nm)
1 30 850 Idle running
2 60 1300 26
3 120 1850 28
4 60 3000 30
In case finish test, with regard to shutting engine down, valve is weighed again, draw admission valve settling (IVD) weight.
Embodiment 1
In this embodiment, the preparation gasoline composition, it contains DP (comparative example A), the 5v% ethyl levulinate (Comparative Examples B) of DP (embodiment 1), the 380ppmw of 5v% ethyl levulinate and 380ppmw, use aforesaid method these gasoline compositions are tested, and compare with basic fuel (Comparative Examples C).The result is as shown in table 1.
Table 1
Embodiment Ethyl levulinate (v%) DP(ppmw) IVD (mg/ valve)
1 5 380* 4
The comparative example A 0 380* 26
Comparative Examples B 5 0 111
Comparative Examples C 0 0 142
* the PIBA active substance of corresponding about 105ppmw
The above results clearly illustrates that, with respect to containing one of ethyl levulinate and PIBA or not containing the fuel of these materials, the fuel that contains ethyl levulinate and PIBA simultaneously has the very wonderful superior performance of keeping a public place clean.
Embodiment 2
In order to determine and the obvious enhancing of the performance that confirms to keep a public place clean is to exist owing to ethyl levulinate and PIBA the time, use prepares gasoline composition according to the basic fuel with the preparation of embodiment 1 same recipe, it contains the PIBA (embodiment 2) of 5v% ethyl levulinate and 225ppmw and the PIBA (Comparative Examples D) of 225ppmw, uses aforesaid method these gasoline compositions are tested.The result is as shown in table 2.
Table 2
Embodiment Ethyl levulinate (v%) DP(ppmw) IVD (mg/ valve)
2 5 225* 13
Comparative Examples D 0 225* 24
* the PIBA active substance of corresponding about 110-125ppmw
The result confirms really shown in the table 2, and obviously improving with the wonderful performance of keeping a public place clean is owing to having ethyl levulinate and PIBA simultaneously in embodiment 2 fuel mixtures.
Embodiment 3
Test, contain the consistency of the fuel and the sealing material of ethyl levulinate, and (be derived from Aldrich, cat.No.61405) compare with basic fuel and the fuel that contains methyl ester levulinate with research.
Testing method is the improvement project of ISO 1817:1998.Test two kinds of elastomer materials, promptly (" Elast-o-Lion " 280 (trade mark) is derived from James Walker ﹠amp to the hydrogenated nitrile elastomerics; Co.Ltd., UK) (" Viton " (trade mark) LR 6316 is derived from James Walker ﹠amp with fluorine carbon hydrocarbon tetramer elastomerics; Co.Ltd., UK).Before test, first measurement size is the volume and the Shore hardness numerical value of the elastomer sample of 50mm * 25mm * 3mm, and measures once more after the 100ml test fluid continues 168 hours being immersed under the room temperature (20 ℃).These samples of weighing in air and in water (to estimate its volume).Be in the test fluid submergence after 168 hours, dry sample apace, its volume change per-cent is calculated in weighing in air and in water (taking out in back 8 hours in by test fluid).(be derived from Shore Instruments, Instron Corp. USA) measures its hardness under room temperature to use " A type Shore scleroscope " (trade mark).
The result is as shown in table 3.
Table 3
Figure C20048002022100111
By The above results as can be seen, for any given concentration, it obviously is low harmful that the effect of ethyl levulinate compares to methyl ester levulinate, and this is because higher per-cent changes the seal leak danger that is accompanied by raising.

Claims (10)

1. gasoline composition, its gasoline that is applicable to spark ignition engine, 1-15v% ethyl levulinate and 20-2000ppmw that contains main amount contains the nitrogenous washing composition that the number-average molecular weight scope is the alkyl of 750-6000.
2. the gasoline composition of claim 1, it contains the ethyl levulinate of 1.5-12v%.
3. the gasoline composition of claim 1, it contains the ethyl levulinate of 2-10v%.
4. the gasoline composition of claim 1, it contains the ethyl levulinate of 3-8v%.
5. the gasoline composition of claim 1, it contains the ethyl levulinate of 4-6v%.
6. each gasoline composition of claim 1-5, it contains the described nitrogenous washing composition of 50-1500ppmw.
7. the gasoline composition of claim 5, it contains the described nitrogenous washing composition of 50-500ppmw.
8. each gasoline composition of claim 1-5, wherein said nitrogenous washing composition is that general formula is R 1-NH 2Alkylamine, R wherein 1The expression radicals R 2Or radicals R 2-CH 2-, R 2Expression number-average molecular weight scope is the alkyl of 950-1350.
9. one kind is used to prepare each the method for gasoline composition of claim 1-8, and it comprises makes described gasoline, ethyl levulinate and nitrogenous washing composition become mixture.
10. method of operating spark ignition engine, it comprises each gasoline composition of claim 1-8 is incorporated in the combustion chamber of described engine.
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