CN100430769C - Optical fiber cable and blowing installation technique - Google Patents
Optical fiber cable and blowing installation technique Download PDFInfo
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- CN100430769C CN100430769C CNB200480006220XA CN200480006220A CN100430769C CN 100430769 C CN100430769 C CN 100430769C CN B200480006220X A CNB200480006220X A CN B200480006220XA CN 200480006220 A CN200480006220 A CN 200480006220A CN 100430769 C CN100430769 C CN 100430769C
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Abstract
This invention relates to an optical cable, in particular to an optical fibre having an axially extending glass strand for channelling light therealong, and a jacket layer disposed around the glass strand, the jacket layer having a textured outer surface for facilitating, under the influence of a fluid drag, the advancement of the optical cable along a conduit, wherein the glass strand in cross section to the axial direction has a width of less than 100 microns. The reduced width of the glass strand(s) in the cable will cause the cable to be less stiff, which will be particularly beneficially when installing the cable using a blowing technique.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of optical cable, especially but not exclusively relate to a kind of optical cable that can use the optical fiber air-blow technology to install.
Background technology
The technology that is called as optical fiber air-blowing or optical cable air-blowing has at first been described in EP 108590.In this technology, optical cable is installed in the pre-pipe laying by using the viscosity pulling force, this viscosity pulling force acts on the surface of optical cable in this pipeline, produces described viscosity pulling force along installation direction obviously to send inward along pipeline greater than the speed of optical cable pace by making gas.As described in EP 108590 and the EP 292037, these viscosity pulling force are additional usually mechanical thrust, and these mechanical thrusts are applied in the parts that are called as the air-blowing head by driving wheel or driving belt by motor driven in the whole erection process.The size of operable thrust is decided by the rigidity (and so bending resistance) of the optical cable of installing usually.Also knownly on optical cable, be provided with one and enlarge fore-end or its diameter and compare less piston or with the hole of pipeline and leak shuttle (as described in the EP 445858).Even at its diameter of the optical cable of being installed is several millimeter or more hour, these additional installing forces also can use in a conventional manner.
The another kind of technology that being used for of being mentioned in EP 108590 strengthens the air-blowing process is, for the optical cable that will install shaping is set or the texture outside surface arranged.Like this, can increase by the suffered viscosity pulling force of optical cable (with having smooth and not having the suffered power of the corresponding optical cable of oversheath of pattern to compare).It is 4mm or littler less optical cable (being sometimes referred to as fiber unit) that this technology both can be used for diameter, also can be used for diameter and be 10mm or 20mm or bigger big optical cable (with and the optical cable of size between these two scopes).
In EP 345968, the single fiber unit of a scope has been described, it has the external coating that comprises the radiation curable polymer that contains particulate material.This particulate material is various PTFE particles, hollow glass microballoon or hollow condensate microballoon.Mean grain size is preferably polymer mixed less than 60 microns particulate material and uncured liquid state.The pond of containing polymkeric substance/particle potpourri is passed in the optical fiber pulling to be coated that has three buffer layer, thereby formed external coating with 10-70 micron thickness.Use the UV radiation that this coating is solidified then.But, we have found that as being not suitable for being used in to add sheath to multi-fiber unit at the application system described in the EP 345968.
We have found that, especially (for example at multi-fiber unit, 4 optical fiber and 8 fiber units) situation under, the coat system generation of describing in EP 345968 that is used for single fiber unit (wherein particulate material and external coating are polymer mixed) is easy to the fiber unit of " optical fiber exposes (fiberbreakout) ".Along with fiber unit crooked gradually and therefore bending radius reduce gradually, arrive certain bending radius, can cause irreversible damage to sheath at this radius, thereby make optical fiber expose.This phenomenon is called optical fiber and exposes.If the bending radius that optical fiber exposes (minimum bending radius) thus so big fiber unit may present its minimum bending radius during the normal running of fiber unit, then in fact this unit can not use.
Some shortcomings in our patent EP-B 521710, have been overcome at the fiber unit described in the EP 345968.Particularly, by resin-coated skin or the outer layer segment that does not have the resin-coated internal layer or the interior layer segment of obvious Particulate Inclusion shape material basically and have the graininess additive is set, and the optical fiber of non-constant that has improved the unit of EP 345968 exposes characteristic, and these additives provide desired fluid drag force to increase and reduced with the friction of pipe laying.
The technology and the structure of being instructed by EP-B 521710 have obtained significant commerce and actual success.Since nineteen ninety-two produce/installed and surpass 50, such fiber unit of 000km.
Although although announced many in world's communication industry down turn and announced that equally also untapped installation optical fiber (so-called " black light fibre ") is too much, still be interested in the backbone network of telephone operator and route network and in buildings, campus and factory, more optical fiber be installed.Can satisfy many this demands best by using such fiber unit, the fiber number of this fiber unit is bigger than those fiber units that have been found that the actual use of constructing technology institute that employing is proposed up to now in EP 521710 (also referring to EP 757022), and promptly its fiber number is 4 or bigger unit.Can produce fiber number although it is so and be 4 or bigger available fiber unit, but have misgivings its permanance and bending resistance aspect.
Remaining optical fiber for a main cause of the size that limits these fiber units exposes.Along with fiber number increases, because sheath is attempted to comprise and fettered these optical fiber, therefore the stress in sheath raises.Optical fiber is many more, and then outmost optical fiber is just far away more from the via intermedia (neutral access) of this unit.In addition, along with the diameter expansion of fiber unit to hold all optical fiber, therefore suffered compression and the tensile strain of sheath material is bigger when this unit bending.Therefore, perhaps must use more resilient resin (but this has sacrificed intensity usually to a certain extent), perhaps described resin must bear bigger strain.
As described in the EP 521710, especially can use in the temperature range that when fiber unit is configured in the outside, may be subjected under its situation, need the contradiction of the many material properties of balance to require so that realize for acceptable optics of fiber unit and mechanical property.Fiber number increase along with fiber unit then more is difficult to realize gratifying compromise proposal.
Optical fiber and optical cable manufacturer usually cooperate to continue to carry out many researchs with polymer design person with manufacturer, can realize the size and the condition and range of available compromise proposal with increase.Should be understood that initial research focus is new improved resin and new improved paint-on technique.
Summary of the invention
According to an aspect of the present invention, a kind of optical cable is provided, the sheath that it has at least one optical fiber and is provided with round this at least one optical fiber, every optical fiber has the glass core that is used for along this optical cable direct light, this sheath has one the texture outside surface is arranged, be used for being convenient to optical cable and advance along a pipeline under the influence of gas pulling force, wherein the width of every glass core in xsect is less than 100 microns.
Because the width of every glass core in xsect reduces, so every glass core will be soft more, and can use more firm and/or not thinner sheath material to form external jacket, and can exceedingly not increase the danger that optical fiber exposes does not appear.Like this, by relaxing constraint desired on sheath, easy employing air-blow technology be can construct and pipeline with sharp turn part or the optical cable in the pipeline are installed in, this part is because reduced the danger that the optical cable rigidity that causes owing to glass core and relevant optical fiber expose, and can exceedingly not increase the danger that optical fiber exposes in part because can use the littler and/or thinner sheath of rigidity.
In addition, the reducing of glass core width in optical cable can make that this optical cable rigidity is littler, this is particularly favourable when adopting air-blow technology that optical cable is installed, because be enough to stop the frictional resistance that advances under the effect of optical cable in fluid drag force in the more difficult generation of part of ducted sharp turn.
Described have grain surface to be divided by groove, spine, projection, recess or other irregular portion in surface level to form, and these irregular parts can be at random or with the arranged in form of repeat patterns.In a preferred embodiment, described sheath has the form of layer, and this layer comprises a plurality of particles that are distributed on this layer.These particles can be distributed on the surface of this layer, and perhaps these particles can be embedded in this layer so that provide grain surface to it.But these particles preferably distribute towards outside surface, thereby have reduced the possibility that at the interface form point of weakness of particle at this layer.In one embodiment, at least some particles have accordingly from the outwardly directed bossing of sheath material, in these bossings each all has smooth profile, to help to reduce the friction that this sheath material is subjected to separately when apparent surface's (for example, inside surface) motion contact of being arranged to pipeline.
In this optical cable, along the axial direction of optical cable measure the spacing between the particle center on average less than 350 microns, preferably less than 250 microns or 200 microns.
In this optical cable, every optical fiber has the protection zone of extending round glass core, and the average thickness of the protection zone of every glass core is less than 30 microns.
A second aspect of the present invention provides a kind of optical transmission system, it comprises that above-mentioned optical cable and this optical cable of confession are installed in pipeline wherein, wherein said optical cable is such type, that is, its during installation can by gas from this pipeline by and advance the influencing in the pipeline of lower edge of gas pulling force of this gas.
A third aspect of the present invention provides a kind of optical cable is installed in method in the pipeline, and wherein this optical cable is aforesaid optical cable, and this method may further comprise the steps: the front portion of optical cable is imported in the inlet pipe road; And make gas pass at least a portion pipeline, with at least in part by with the gas pulling force of the gas of relative mean flow rate process on optical cable of being higher than the optical cable fltting speed and advance described optical cable along pipeline along direct of travel.
A fourth aspect of the present invention provides a kind of manufacturing to have the method for the optical cable that the texture outside surface is arranged, and may further comprise the steps: receive an optical cable part, the sheath that this optical cable partly has at least one optical fiber and is provided with round this at least one optical fiber; Make this optical cable partly be passed in the gaseous medium that wherein has a plurality of particles; And make at least some particle adhesions on cable jacket, so that for sheath provides the texture outside surface, wherein every optical fiber has the glassy zone that is used for along the optical cable direct light, and wherein the width of each glassy zone in xsect less than 100 microns.
A fifth aspect of the present invention provides a kind of optical cable, and it has a plurality of optical fiber of relative to each other arranging according to mode side by side, and every optical fiber all has the corresponding glass zone along optic fibre extension, and wherein the width of each glassy zone in xsect is less than 100 microns.
A sixth aspect of the present invention provides a kind of Telecom Facilities, it comprises the primary importance and the second place, this first and second position is positioned at different geographical location mutually, each position all comprises corresponding telecommunication installation, this Telecom Facilities also is included in the optical cable that extends between this primary importance and the second place allowing to carry out optical communication between these positions, wherein said optical cable as above specifically as described in.
Description of drawings
Mode with example further describes the present invention below with reference to accompanying drawings, wherein:
Fig. 1 is the schematic cross sectional views of passing the optical cable according to the present invention;
Fig. 2 to Fig. 6 schematically demonstrates other embodiment of the optical cable according to the present invention;
Fig. 7 demonstrates the floor map of the pipeline that wherein has optical cable;
Fig. 8 demonstrates the view of the cross section A-A of passing Fig. 7;
Fig. 9 demonstrates and is used for being manufactured on the equipment to the employed optical fiber of optical cable shown in Figure 6 as Fig. 1;
Figure 10 schematically demonstrates an equipment, and it is made as Fig. 1 to optical cable shown in Figure 6 by one or more optical fiber that the device fabrication of using by Fig. 9 goes out;
Figure 11 shows out the coating equipment of Figure 10 in greater detail;
Figure 12 demonstrates the equipment that applies optical cable with particle;
How Figure 13 can obtain roughness parameter from random appearance if demonstrating;
Figure 14 schematically demonstrates the planimetric map of a part of outside surface of optical cable;
Figure 15 demonstrates the cut-open view of the X-X that passes Figure 14;
Figure 16 schematically demonstrates a Telecom Facilities;
Figure 17 is the stereographic map that is used for particle is applied to the first optional embodiment on the optical cable;
Figure 18 is the exploded perspective view of this first optional embodiment;
Figure 19 is the part cutaway side sectional view of this first optional embodiment;
Figure 20 a is the stereographic map of second embodiment;
Figure 20 b is the stereographic map of this second embodiment, and for the sake of clarity transparent outer chamber that demonstrates;
Figure 21 is the part cutaway side sectional view of this second embodiment;
Figure 22 is the stereographic map of this second embodiment (modification);
Figure 23 is the part cutaway side sectional view of this second embodiment (modification);
Figure 24 is the stereographic map of this second embodiment, and for the sake of clarity transparent outer chamber (also therein) that demonstrates;
Figure 25 a is first stereographic map of the 3rd embodiment;
Figure 25 b is second stereographic map of the 3rd embodiment;
Figure 25 c is the 3rd stereographic map of the 3rd embodiment, and for the sake of clarity transparent outer chamber that demonstrates;
Figure 26 a is the partial side view of the 3rd embodiment, demonstrates the top;
Figure 26 b is the partial side view of the 3rd embodiment, demonstrates center section;
Figure 26 c is the partial side view of the 3rd embodiment, demonstrates the bottom;
Figure 27 is the stereographic map of the 4th embodiment;
Figure 28 is another stereographic map of the 4th embodiment;
Figure 29 is another stereographic map of the 4th embodiment, and for the sake of clarity transparent outer chamber that demonstrates;
Figure 30 a is the stereographic map of the 5th embodiment;
Figure 30 b is another stereographic map of the 5th embodiment;
Figure 31 is another stereographic map of the 5th embodiment, and for the sake of clarity transparent outer chamber that demonstrates;
Figure 32 a is the stereographic map of the vortex flow fan of the 5th embodiment;
Figure 32 b is another stereographic map of the vortex flow fan of the 5th embodiment;
Figure 32 c is another stereographic map of the vortex flow fan of the 5th embodiment;
Figure 32 d is another stereographic map of the vortex flow fan of the 5th embodiment;
Figure 33 is the stereographic map of the 6th embodiment;
Figure 34 is another stereographic map of the 6th embodiment;
Figure 35 is another stereographic map of the 6th embodiment, and for the sake of clarity transparent outer chamber that demonstrates;
Figure 36 is the stereographic map of the 7th embodiment;
Figure 37 a is another stereographic map of the 7th embodiment;
Figure 37 b is the exploded stereographic map of the 7th embodiment;
Figure 38 is the stereographic map of the 7th embodiment, and for the sake of clarity transparent outer chamber that demonstrates;
Figure 39 is the stereographic map of the 7th embodiment (modification);
Figure 40 is the stereographic map (modification) of the 7th embodiment, and for the sake of clarity transparent outer chamber that demonstrates;
Figure 41 is the exploded stereographic map of the 7th embodiment (modification);
Figure 42 is the block diagram of the 8th embodiment;
Figure 43 is the block diagram of the 8th embodiment (modification); And
Figure 44 is the block diagram that is used in the malleation chamber in the optical fiber coating equipment.
Embodiment
In Fig. 1, demonstrate the cut-open view of optical cable 1.This optical cable 1 has the optical fiber 12 that extends along optical cable axis 13, and this optical fiber 12 is positioned at overcoat or sheath 3.The buffer area 2 that is formed by padded coaming is located between optical fiber 12 and the external jacket 3, and the elastic modulus of this padded coaming is lower than the elastic modulus of sheath material 3.
The width of fibre core 12a or diameter are less than 100 microns, preferably less than about 80 microns, be more preferably less than 60 microns, but preferably be higher than 30 microns, this width just is difficult to form long enough reliably so that the optical fiber that is used in effectively in the network usage is (common because be lower than, the length of the optical fiber of installing is at least 10m, and usually be at least the reel unwinding of the optical fiber of 100m from having initial length: more generally be that the length of being installed surpasses 100m, often surpass 1km and production length and be generally several kms).In current example, the diameter of glass core is 80 microns, and the thickness of protection zone is typically about the 10-15 micron, and the width of this optical fiber or diameter are approximately 100 microns as a result.
It should be understood that after finishing the optical cable manufacturing xsect of (one or more) glass core can not be just round, and can or have irregular border for ellipse usually.But this fibre core will have and corresponding effective width of the diameter of circular cross section of the same area or diameter.
As shown in Figure 7, can easier employing air-blow technology install and have the optical cable 1 that texture outside surface 15 is arranged.Here, optical cable 1 part imports in the inlet pipe shape pipeline 102, thereby the front portion 111 of optical cable 1 is in pipeline or the pipeline 102.By using pressing device (being commonly called the air-blowing head) that optical cable is inserted in the pipeline.Enter in the pipeline for optical cable is advanced along direct of travel 110, use the compressor or the bottled gas source 104 that are communicated with this pipeline fluid, make at least a portion of gas or other fluid (for example, the air) piping of flowing through.Easily this fluid is applied on pipeline or the pipeline by means of the air-blowing head.In this field engineering, the pulling force (combining with the thrust on being applied to the air-blowing head) between fluid stream 110 and optical cable 1 makes optical cable move along the direction of fluid stream.Because this optical cable to small part owing to fluid force is advanced, and because these fluid force distribute rather than only are positioned at an end place along optical cable, so this optical cable is more difficult during installation impaired.
Diameter reduces because glass core 12a compares with traditional telecommunication optical fiber, so this optical fiber 12 can bear the littler bending of radius-of-curvature, and can not cause buffering or restrictive coating break (being known as optical fiber exposes).This will reduce the required buffering or the thickness of sheath material.Based on this, especially this width in the more important glass core in control optical fiber rigidity aspect reduces, so can make the ratio of rigidity of this optical cable adopt the rigidity of corresponding optical cable of traditional communication optical fiber littler.Rigidity reduces that air-blow technology installs that to have for the optical cable that grain surface 15 is arranged be important for being used to adopt, because rigidity reduces to make that the power that be applied on this pipe surface by this optical cable 1 reduces when this optical cable 1 presses pipeline near sweep.This can more be clear that in Fig. 7 and Fig. 8, and wherein near the sweep 106 of pipeline, this optical cable 1 is along the curvature of the direct of travel curvature less than pipe side wall zone 108, thereby causes and must flow the friction force that 110 pulling force overcomes by fluid.Because near the friction force that is applied by sidewall 108 sweep 106 partly is that so reduce optical cable rigidity by the diameter that reduces glass core 12, this can make optical cable be easier to advance along pipeline because the rigidity of optical cable 1 causes.Must determine this fact to come this benefit of balance by employed optical cable rigidity at least in part at operable maximum thrust.Therefore, use the littler optical cable of rigidity can cause using lower pushing force, and these can not compensate by the friction force that reduces.Particularly, installation path normally straight and under the situation without any tangible sweep, expectation be to use the bigger rather than littler optical cable of rigidity because these optical cables can allow to use higher thrust.(still can in the higher optical cable of these rigidity, use the more optical fiber of minor diameter certainly).The diameter that it should be understood that glass core 12a reduces also can cause the weight of optical cable 1 to reduce, and this friction that weight by the optical cable 1 on the lower surface 112 that is pressed against pipeline under action of gravity is caused reduces.Therefore therefore, reduce the glass core diameter and reduce friction, can use air-blow technology to be installed in optical cable in the longer pipeline like this and/or have in the pipeline of sharp turn bent portions more.
As shown in Fig. 2 to Fig. 6, optical cable 1 can form has multifiber 12, in these accompanying drawings, demonstrate respectively have 2,4,8,16 with the optical cable (giving identical Reference numeral) of 19 optical fiber with the corresponding parts of those parts of Fig. 1.Every optical fiber 12 all has protection zone 12b, the 12c that circumferentially extends round every corresponding optical fiber glass core 12a edge, and the protection zone of every optical fiber forms by main coating and secondary coating 12a, 12b (not shown).These optical fiber 12 are towards central axial line 13 boundlings of optical cable, thereby buffer area 2 is located between the optical fiber 12 and external jacket 3 of these central boundlings.The above-mentioned potential advantage that low weight and rigidity reduce is more remarkable for the optical cable with multifiber, thereby the Relative Contribution of 12 pairs of weight of optical fiber and rigidity is usually for the optical cable with more optical fiber 12 and Yan Gengda.These optical fiber become side by side relationship to arrange along optical cable usually.These optical fiber can be arranged in parallel to each other along the axial direction of optical cable.Optionally, some or all in these optical fiber can be followed spiral or the serpentine path with respect to the optical cable axis.
For the fiber number that allows to increase optical cable and/or in order to allow further to reduce optical cable rigidity and/or in order to allow to reduce the cross-sectional area of optical cable 1 with given cross-sectional area; the width of protection zone 12b, the 12c of every optical fiber 12 is approximately 10 microns, thereby the diameter of this root or every optical fiber is less than or equal to about 100 microns (width is 80 microns a glass core).This allows optical fiber 12 so to arrange, thereby is equal to or less than 100 microns apart from d between the central axial line of the central axial line 14 of optical fiber 12 and nearest neighbor optical fiber.By this layout, can be in existing pipeline with the optical cable laying of optical fiber 12 with bigger quantity, and needn't enlarge the cross-sectional area of pipeline.For example, compare, be approximately 650 microns at the diameter of the optical cable shown in Fig. 3 with four optical fiber with about 1 millimeter optical fiber of prior art.The diameter of 16 and 19 optical cables will be approximately 1 millimeter, and the corresponding optical cable with existing fiber will have and be approximately 2 millimeters diameter.Preferably; the diameter of every glass core 12a will be enough little; and the enough thin so that separation between the axis of nearest neighbor optical fiber 12 of protection zone 12b, 12c is less than 100 microns, preferably less than 80 microns or even 60 microns, and be low to moderate 50 microns as far as possible.
Because these fibre cores will be towards central optical cable axis boundling more closely, so for sweep with given radius-of-curvature, be in the optical cable towards the optical fiber of the arranged outside of optical cable at sweep and will be subjected to lower level tensile strain, and the optical fiber that is provided with towards the inboard of optical cable in the bend office will be subjected to lower level compressive strain.This will make and reduce owing to the sweep in optical cable causes the possibility of optical fiber impaired (or optical fiber occurs expose) that the optical cable that perhaps allows equally to have larger amt optical fiber is installed in the pipeline with more anxious sweep.
In the example of Fig. 1 to Fig. 6, particle 4 is the beaded glass form, they be preferably solid but can for the Q-CEL500 pearl of (for example, from Pq Corp.) of hollow to reduce the weight of optical cable.These beaded glasses on optical cable can have the size of certain limit, and between 10 microns and 180 microns, the mean outside diameter of these pearls is approximately 68 microns usually, and at least 80% pearl has the external diameter greater than 10 microns.Therefore, from the radial protrusion of sheath material 3 with respect to optical cable axis 14 along radial direction can for from about 5 microns to about 100 microns scope.But preferably, its mean diameter of solid pearl is 128 microns, and at least 80% pearl has diameter between the 85 and 175 microns 5-4 solid microbeads A level 2227CPOO of Potters industrial group (for example, from).
The degree of superficial makings can be described with roughness parameter, this parameter with reference to Figure 13 by determining in the difference in height between five crests the highest and five minimum troughs on the given distance L, thereby RZ=[(y1+y3+y5+y7+y9)-(y2-y4-y6-y8-y10)] ÷ 5.Therefore, RZ is actually measuring of surfaceness degree, and RZ is a predetermined parameter in British standard (BS) BS1134 and ISO/R468.(it should be understood that in the structure shown in Figure 13 be not the reason that causes the superficial makings of optical cable outside surface usually).
Figure 14 demonstrates the planimetric map on optical cable surface, and the surface of restrictive coating has a plurality of pearls 4 that stretch out from restrictive coating.For measure R Z, can be on the axial direction of optical cable along the line X-X pulling height probe of Figure 14, thereby the RZ numerical value that is drawn by five the average height of high projection provide, these troughs have identical level.Preferably, in order to provide good pulling force and surface of good friction to reduce, the center of glass bead 4 is along approximately spaced apart 200 microns of the axial directions of optical cable (thereby the interval between the bossing at the surface level place of sheath material on average is approximately the 50-100 micron), and (on average) RZ numerical value along that direction will be greater than 60 microns on the measuring distance L of 2.5mm.But the interval between the center of these balls can be about 350 microns or 250 microns.
This buffer area 2 can be by the organic silicon acrylic ester material (for example, Cablelite950-701 (DSM Desotech)) forms, and the sheath material that usually thick about 50 microns and its elastic modulus are higher than cushion 2 can (for example, Cablelite950-705) be formed by urethane acrylate.But buffer area 2 is preferably formed by Cablelite 3287-9-39A (DSMDesotech), and sheath forms by Cablelite 3287-9-75, and every kind of material all is a curable binder material.Buffering and sheath material are respectively about 1MPa and 730MPa at the secant modulus under 2.5% strain (stress/strain) (after solidifying) under 23 degrees centigrade the temperature, still each respective value ± numerical value in 20% scope also is acceptable.The pulling strengrth of buffering and sheath material is approximately 1.3MPa and 30MPa (after solidifying) under 23 degrees centigrade the temperature.In table 1 and table 2, listed the feature of Cablelite 3287-9-39A and Cablelite3287-9-75 respectively.
Table 1
Feature
Liquid coating typical case performance
Viscosity under 25 ℃, mPas 10500
Density under 23 ℃, kgm
-31080
Solidified coating
*
Test under＜1%R.H.
Dynamic mechanical analysis (referring to the DMA curve map)
Glassy transition scope (DMA), ℃
At E '
1000MPaFollowing-57
At E '
100MPaFollowing-34
Under 23 ℃, 50%R.H., test
Physical property
Secant modulus, 2.5 strains, MPa 1.0
Extensibility, % 135
Pulling strengrth, MPa 1.3
State of cure
95% UV dosage under limit secant modulus, Jcm
-20.5
Dynamic water sensitivity, 250 μ m films
Peak absorbance, % 1.5
But extraction ratio, % 1.5
Produce hydrogen (24 hours, in argon atmosphere under 80 ℃), ulg
-10.6
* unless otherwise noted, use a Fusion D lamp at 1.0Jcm
-2In nitrogen atmosphere, make 75 μ m film hardenings down.Use the IL-390 radiometer that produces by international Light Industry Company to determine UV dosage.
Table 2
Feature
Liquid coating typical case performance
Viscosity under 25 ℃, mPas 9300
Density under 23 ℃, kgm
-31100
Solidified coating
*
Test under＜1%R.H.
Dynamic mechanical analysis (referring to the DMA curve map)
Glassy transition scope (DMA), ℃
At E '
1000MPaFollowing 26
At E '
100MPaFollowing 66
Under 23 ℃, 50%R.H., test
Physical property
Secant modulus, 2.5 strains, MPa 730
Extensibility, % 40
Pulling strengrth, MPa 30
State of cure
95% UV dosage under limit secant modulus, Jcm
-20.2
Water-intake rate after 24 hours, 250 μ m films, % 3.0
Produce hydrogen (24 hours, in argon atmosphere under 80 ℃), ulg
-10.6
* unless otherwise noted, use a Fusion D lamp at 1.0Jcm
-2In nitrogen atmosphere, make 75 μ m film hardenings down.Use the IL-390 radiometer that produces by international Light Industry Company to determine UV dosage.
It should be understood that the near small part of material of selecting buffer area 2 and sheath 3 depends on the quantity of the optical fiber 12 that is positioned at sheath 3.In general, number of fibers is big more, and the thickness of then corresponding buffer area and sheath is just thick more, and its corresponding elastic modulus is just high more.
Fig. 9 schematically demonstrates the equipment that is used to make the optical fiber 12 with littler width.At first from gas preform 202 drawing optical fiber 12, this prefabricated component 202 is hung vertically in its upper end.Heat this prefabricated component by stove 204, thereby make the lower end of this prefabricated component 202 fully softening so that therefrom pull out fiber core 12a.Setting has the driver element 208 of reverse roll 210, and to go out optical fiber 12 from prefabricated component 202 drawings, this optical fiber 12 is clipped between the reverse roll 210, thereby the counter steer optical fiber 12 of these rollers applies pulling force.Monitor the width of this optical fiber optically by monitoring means 212.Signal from monitoring means 212 is received by control module 214, and this control module is connected with driver element 208.This control module 214 is at the width of just monitoring fiber core 12a in drawing optical fiber 12, and constitute and carry out the speed of feedback algorithm, thereby make the width of the fiber core 12a of optical fiber 12 when this optical fiber of drawing, keep substantially constant with control drive unit 208 drawing optical fiber.This control module 214 can also link to each other with the heat control that adds of stove 204, so that control its temperature when this prefabricated component 206 of drawing, preform temperatures is preferably selected according to the speed of drawing optical fiber.Therefore, by the drawing speed and/or the temperature of control prefabricated component 206, can control the width of the drawing fiber core 12a of institute.In order to reduce the width of fiber core 12a, can increase drawing speed according to temperature at 206 places, lower end of prefabricated component 202.
This prefabricated component 202 can adopt a kind of the producing in many standard techniques (comprising external steam deposit, improved chemical vapor deposition and plasma vapor deposition).Preform material is made by silex glass (based on silicon dioxide) usually, and this silex glass can have one or more adulterants or other impurity (for example, germanium) that is added on wherein, so that control the refractive index of resulting fiber core.In this example, this prefabricated component 202 has middle section 202a, wherein silex glass includes germanium oxide (and/or titania and/or aluminium oxide) to improve refractive index, and the perimeter 202b of this prefabricated component 202 does not mix basically or (for example include adulterant, boron and/or fluorine), thus the refractive index of the glass of the refractive index ratio of the glass material in this perimeter in interior zone 202a is little.Optionally, core can be formed by unadulterated silicon dioxide basically (it has the clad of the adulterant that being added with is used for comparing with core reduces its refractive index).When drawing, this coats regional fiber core 12a around causing having center core zone and one, and it is high that the refractive index ratio of this core area coats the zone, thereby light can be remained in the core area.
The core that it should be understood that optical fiber will depend on the inside of prefabricated component, the relative respective width of perimeter 202a, 202b with the relative respective width that coats the zone.Therefore, to have littler width but its core area and have the optical fiber that is used for the normal diameter (being typically about the 8-9 micron) that monotype propagates in order to form, compare with conventional preform, must produce non-standard prefabricated component, wherein the width of perimeter 202b is correspondingly less than interior zone 202a.
After prefabricated component 202 drawings go out glass core 12a soon; apply this fibre core by coating unit 216; before applying protective finish, make this coating unit be not more than several meters position below being positioned at the position of this optical fiber of drawing, so that reduce dust or the possibility of other material damage electrodeposition substance on fibre core 12a by coating unit 216.In this example, though only need single coating (for example, less than 1 micron carbon back seal coating), coating unit 216 constitutes and applies main coating and secondary coating.Secondary coating will include the pigment that is used for the optical fiber coloring coding usually, use different pigment to provide different and paintedly discern helping.Optionally, can apply other coating to give optical fiber coloring.
In order to reduce the polarization mode dispersion effect, driving mechanism 218 can be arranged to make optical fiber along axially rotation of (vertically) direction or rotation.Usually, this driving mechanism 218 will be positioned at about 10 meters position, stove 204 belows, and optical fiber is suspended between driver element 210 and the driving mechanism 218 under himself weight effect.In order to reduce the possibility that optical fiber during rotation ruptures, can reduce the speed of making this optical fiber.
In order to produce optical cable, can adopt the fiber optic cable plant of Figure 10 from one or more optical fiber 12.This fiber optic cable plant 300 comprises roller part 314, this roller part is configured for supporting and/or guiding fiber before optical fiber enters resin-coating platform (stage) 316, this resin-coating platform has guide member 317 (when optical cable has multifiber), is used for advancing at these optical fiber passing platform for coating 316 so that make these optical fiber 12 remain the desired position relation when applying.Platform for coating 316 constitutes to optical fiber 12 coated with buffer layer, and this cushion forms (being used to subsequently solidify this resin material from for example ultraviolet radiation of UV lamp) by resin material.These optical fiber that are coated with cushion enter in second platform for coating 318, wherein apply platform 318a place and apply restrictive coating 3 round cushion at sheath, and, then glass microsphere is applied on the outside surface of cable jacket (uncured) at this worktable place wherein at microballoon coating unit 318b place.Electrostatic equipment 319 is set to be used for to the microballoon charging, so that improve its attraction to cable jacket.In addition, malleation chamber 321,331 is positioned at the input and output side place of microballoon coating unit 318b respectively, the possibility that particle leaks occurs with reduction.After applying this optical cable, make optical cable 1 process enter into UV solidified cell 320 so that the external jacket that is formed by the UV-curable resin is solidified with microballoon.
Figure 11 and Figure 12 schematically show out the example of second platform for coating 318 in more detail.Sheath applies platform 318a and receives one or more optical fiber 12 that is surrounded by common cushion 2, and applies restrictive coating 3 round this cushion, and this restrictive coating is formed by the UV-curable resin.This optical cable 1 arrives microballoon coating unit 318b then, wherein microsphere particle is applied on the outside surface of uncured resin sheath 3.
The particle inlet 410 is communicated with passage 406 is set is used for the particle introducing or injects stand in channel 406, thereby the particle of being injected can be advanced at optical cable and clashed into when passing passage 406 and be bonded in thus on the uncured outside surface 3 of optical cable 1.
Be used to keep waiting that vessel or the container 412 of injecting particle are connected with inlet 410.In order to inject these particles, make pressure-air or nitrogen or other fluid pass container 412 from the fluid source 414 that is attached thereto.The air-flow that is produced by fluid source 414 transports particle according to airborne mode in passage 406, thereby causes being fluidized at this passage endoparticle stream.Advance and the particle that do not stick on the optical cable 1 withdraws from by discharging outlet 416 along passage 406, this discharges exports and is used for collecting the collection container 418 that does not use particle and is connected.Pump 420 is arranged to be communicated with collection container 418 fluids, so that extract out or keeping therein not use particle at least.
In use, in the grain flow admission passage 406 that the air-flow that is produced by fluid source 414 to small part transports, and to the surface flow of small part along the instantaneous optical cable part that is arranged in passage 406.This passage 406 is passed in this optical cable 1 pulling, thereby when this optical cable of pulling, make distribution of particles on the optical cable surface.
For particle more is evenly distributed on the optical cable surface, platform for coating 318b so constitutes, thereby produces tangible eddy current in grain flow.In order to cause or increase this eddy current, the inside surface 422 of passage 406 comprises a plurality of axially spaced rib parts, each rib part is all extended round the inside surface of passage, so that be provided for disturbing the corresponding constriction of the grain flow of advancing along passage 406.When watching in xsect, the rib part preferably has a pinnacle to increase eddy current, and each rib part is by the relative tilt face of joining along round wire.In one embodiment, at its each respective end place the accessory channel 426 that is communicated with passage 406 is set, be used for segment fluid flow stream guiding is left passage 406 and made this fluid stream turn back to passage 406 subsequently, so as at least in part since return (one or more) flow with the stream of advancing along passage between mix and produce eddy current.In Figure 12, accessory channel 426 extends through rib part 424, thereby the mixing between the various flows occurs in being formed at recessed regional 430 between the adjacent rib part.
Example with reference to Figure 11 and the described equipment of Figure 12 more fully has been described in EP 757022 substantially.
Figure 16 schematically demonstrates a Telecom Facilities 600, and wherein optical cable 1 (it has multifiber, and every optical fiber all has width less than 100 microns corresponding glass zone) extends between the position of 100m (preferred interval 1km) at least at interval at two.This optical cable allows to communicate between the related device 604,606 in each position.This optical cable 1 is arranged in pipeline 608, and preferably has the texture outside surface is arranged, thereby this optical cable can be installed by easier employing air-blow technology when mounted.
Though preferably apply the solid glass microballoon of diameter between 10 to 120 μ m, in microballoon coating unit 318b, any suitable particulate matter can be embedded in the coating.The speed of feed of optical cable 1 is preferably 300m/ minute.In whole present description, identical Reference numeral is represented identical part.
In Figure 17 to Figure 19, demonstrate the first optional embodiment of microballoon coating unit 318b.To be applied on it have the part of the optical cable that scribbles uncured resin 1 of microballoon to pass substantially by the 30 revolution drum structures of representing along direction A, this structure comprises a more slow-revving external drum 32, this external drum includes drum 34 in, and drum is made of the higher rotating cylinder net (other sheet material that perhaps has a plurality of openings in the surface) of the rotating speed of counter-rotating in this.These drums 32,34 can drive according to any suitable mode, and in an illustrated embodiment, and external drum 32 is for by directly engaging driven tire with motor 36, and interior drum 34 passes through belt drives by motor 38.Optionally, these drums can be driven along identical rotation direction.
These drums 32,34 have controlled speed, and the charging of hopper 40 is controlled, thereby can easily control the operation of this system.For example, downstream sensor (for example, the optical sensor (not shown)) can detect the coating density or the distribution of microballoon, and control module can correspondingly change rotating speed or other parameter so that correspondingly change density or distribution.
The system of the first optional embodiment is particularly useful for off-line operation, but can be used as the part of online optical fiber draw bench, thus wherein by the additional directions roller is set so that the optical cable level run on the height of drawing tower, limit.
In the first optional embodiment, because these microballoons distribute by the net drum in being sent to exterior chamber the time, so they needn't fluidisation before entering drum.Therefore, particle can be advanced in the chamber with the streamed importing that particle wherein is in the precipitation state, thereby press each other under action of gravity, in a single day these particles enter chamber and just only mix with air or other gas thus.Can easily regulate the lip-deep distribution of particle at optical cable 1 by the speed that changes internal chamber and/or exterior chamber, this can be used to provide feedback control application system.This system is only being used in the horizontal alignment, but this is convenient to it as drawing technique behind the off-line.But it also provides online coating ability, and wherein there is restriction in the height to the drawing tower.Also have, because without any need for the air-flow of forcing to pass chamber, so this system is not easy to be blocked by microballoon relatively.In addition, because this system does not rely on pressure, so it will leak out from chamber to prevent microballoon with subatmospheric chamber pressure work.Preferably, exterior chamber is also rotated and is had fin, so that microballoon redistributes in equipment.Therefore, only need microballoon is joined in this chamber to replenish those microballoons that have been applied on the optical cable.Do not need to provide any air flow system, so this equipment is simple relatively, thereby needs to control the charging of beaded glass hopper in this embodiment.
In Figure 20 to Figure 24, demonstrate second embodiment of microballoon coating unit 318b.This optical cable 1 passes the chamber 50 of cylindricality substantially, and this chamber includes and is used for making glass bead to be distributed in the fan 52 in the whole space of this chamber 50.Fan 52 is driven by band by motor 55 in this embodiment, but also can adopt suitable driving arbitrarily.This fan provides an example that is used to make the device that gas-particle or air-granulate mixture circulate in chamber.Fan 52 preferably has the constant blade of spacing (evenly xsect), gives the air velocity that does not wait with the diameter that crosses chamber 50, therefore forms eddy current so that promote the mixing of air in chamber 50 and the even distribution of pearl.Utilize hopper 54 that beaded glass is delivered on the fan 52 by cam control feeding, and make it to disperse by air movement.This optical cable 1 has uncured acrylate coatings when passing chamber, and beaded glass sticks on this surface; Coating is solidified.Any beaded glass of precipitation will draw in round the edge of fan 52 and redistribute.
The control fan speed can change the distribution of beaded glass in chamber 50, and allows this system is carried out feedback control to realize desired coating density or uniformity coefficient as mentioned above.
Because these pearls are evenly distributed in the chamber 50, so this optical cable 1 can pass through in the vertical stratification shown in the modification of Figure 20, Figure 21 and Figure 24 along any direction.Optionally, it can horizontal alignment and passes through along either direction as shown in Figure 22 and Figure 23.In horizontal alignment, in chamber 50, be provided preferably with a baffle plate or polylith baffle plate (not shown) with any skewness of compensation in this structure, it comprises for example angled annular fin so that these pearls are guided towards optical cable 1.In fact similar baffle plate can be set, with the operation of the vertical orientated layout of same enhancing.The structure of second embodiment applies applicable to online and production back pearl, and those of ordinary skill will know how to reconfigure this equipment in each situation.
Preferably, with arbitrary orientation one electrostatic gun 56 is set as shown in figure 24, is used for, so that the raising pearl attaches to the speed on the optical cable 1 pearl and/or the charging of optical cable partial electrostatic.This will realize the very device of high yield for this equipment provides.
Owing to be provided with thruster (circulating or other mobile production part) (it is fan in a second embodiment), so beaded glass needn't be fluidized before entering chamber.In addition, this angle of rake speed (being preferably fan speed) can be regulated easily and promptly, therefore changes the distribution of beaded glass and allows feedback control.Because this thruster evenly distributes microballoon on total system, so the optical cable that this system can be used to be oriented horizontally or vertically.This makes it to be applicable to online and produces the back pearl and applies.
Owing in chamber, have the balance airflow and without any the net flow that is used for driving particle, so this system is not easy to relatively be blocked by particulate matter to concrete inlet or outlet.In addition, depended on pressure is disobeyed by this system, so it can move under the situation that chamber pressure forces down than atmosphere making, thereby has reduced the danger that beaded glass leaks.
In Figure 25 and Figure 26, demonstrate the 3rd embodiment of this microballoon coating unit 318b.Make the optical cable 1 that is coated with uncured resin pass chamber 60, this chamber comprises the beaded glass hopper 62 of a plurality of cam control feedings.Hopper 62 distributes so that microballoon distributes more equably downwards along the length of chamber 60.A series of vibration barrier 64 is round being used for the unit setting of instantaneous at least these pearls of support, so that make these beaded glass deflections, distribution and activity.These baffle plates comprise that 12 are substantially semicircular stacked shelf 66, they round and become 150 ° of interleaved along chamber 60 with the central space of being passed through round optical cable 1, evenly be coated on the optical cable to guarantee beaded glass.Optionally, these baffle plates can adopt the form of the fi-ustoconical surface that surrounds the central space that is used for optical cable 1.These shelves 66 have erects fin 67, these fins can for the plane or in the embodiment shown round optical cable 1 bending.Vibration ring 68, and can be driven by conspicuous suitable vibration transfer device arbitrarily for experienced reader so that baffle plate 64 vibrations round the outer wall setting of chamber 60.This vibration helps beaded glass movable in chamber 60.
Because be provided with baffle plate, so these microballons needn't be fluidized before entering chamber.In addition, the distribution that can come easily and promptly to regulate beaded glass by the feed speed of regulating globule.Because therefore these baffle vibration can further control distribution by the Oscillation Amplitude that changes these plates, thereby allow to carry out feedback control.Because be provided with the malleation chamber, blocked by pearl so can easily prevent this system.This structure has guaranteed highly to guarantee that pearl evenly covers around optical cable.It can irrespectively keep this even covering with coating, because can not be subjected to being difficult to imitating and the influence of the flow characteristics of the motion air predicted.The present invention also can provide high optical fiber output capacity, because can control the gathering of pearl around optical fiber to heavens.
Place, bottom at chamber 60 has a beaded glass and removes outlet 70, and this outlet comprises a suction system, is used to collect the lip-deep any pearl that does not stick to optical cable 1.This chamber 60 has malleation chamber 72,74, and its top and bottom are respectively applied for discharges untapped pearl.
Can come easily and promptly to regulate the distribution of beaded glass by the speed of feed of adjusting pearl and the Oscillation Amplitude of baffle plate 64, thereby allow to carry out aforesaid feedback control.
In Figure 27 to Figure 29, demonstrate the 4th embodiment of microballoon coating unit 318b.The optical cable 1 that is coated with uncured resin passes chamber 80, and this chamber includes one or more inlets 82, and the air that carries glass microsphere can enter this chamber 80 along the direction of arrow B by described inlet.Untapped air/bead mixtures is left this chamber at outlet 84 places.Preferably, so arrange these ports 82, thereby in chamber 80, around optical cable 1, form whirlwind.Also advantageously, these entrance and exit 82,84 vertical and/or Horizontal offsets.Therefore, the inherent gap that the optical cable entrance and exit is realized in the design that can be by chamber and the position of outlet can not deposit and result in blockage to guarantee pearl.
Inlet or port 82 need make the pearl fluidisation.This can by make enter airflow make by vibration on the bed of pearl activity through or realize by making air pass this bed.In an illustrated embodiment, air/bead mixtures preferably is formed in the pipeline 86, and this pipeline connects inlet 82 and outlet 84 and carries arbitrarily the suitably ebullator fan 88 of type, and this fan is positioned at the upstream of the pearl hopper 90 of cam control charging.Optionally, this jet can rely on the power that is produced by (one or more) outlet suction pump, rather than pneumatic pump is sent in (one or more) inlet 82.
Because in the 4th embodiment, provide air-spray, so can realize that these pearls apply quickly and evenly by the airflow characteristic of optimizing in this chamber.In the 4th embodiment, entrance and exit is setovered, thereby the inherent gap of these ports is provided.
In Figure 30 to Figure 32, demonstrate the 5th embodiment of microballoon coating unit 318b.The optical cable 1 that is coated with uncured resin passes the cylindrical chamber 100 that includes cylindrical fan 102.This optical cable 1 passes through along the vertical centre rotation of fan 102.This fan 102 is designed to guide the air that is loaded with pearl into central axial line, thereby forms eddy current round optical cable 1.
The air that is loaded with pearl enters chamber 100 by feed launder 104, this feed launder comprises along the side of main chamber 100 and therefore along the elongate chamber that the length of cylindrical fan 102 is extended downwards, and this chamber is opened the space by one and is communicated with at interface.Feed launder is given pipeline 106 by the hopper 108 of cam control feeding with pearl by pipeline 106 chargings.Effect by fan self drives air along the direction shown in the arrow C along pipeline.Vent hole 110 extends to filtrator from pipeline 106, and allows to carry out pressure control and pearl recovery.This chamber has malleation chamber roof and bottom 112,116 respectively at optical cable entrance and exit place, to discharge untapped pearl.
Once more, can control the operation of this equipment, thereby the possibility of aforesaid good controllability and feedback control is provided by changing fan speed.Vortex flow fan is set also allows fast and effeciently to apply this optical cable.
In Figure 33 to Figure 35, demonstrate the 6th embodiment of microballoon coating unit 318b.The optical cable 1 that is coated with uncured resin passes a chamber 130 along horizontal direction, and the shape of this chamber is substantially rectangular parallelepiped and includes bed 132, and this provides the parts that make the pearl fluidisation, thereby a large amount of pearl remains in the volume of air on the bed 132.The magazine-less system 134 of cam control feeding is transported to beaded glass on the surface of bed 132.This chamber has malleation chamber 136,138 respectively and does not use pearl to discharge at optical cable entrance and exit place, and runs to filtrator and allow to carry out pressure control and the vent hole 140 of pearl recovery.
Can use the air-flow that passes described bed (not shown) or preferably by utilizing the outside vibration transfer device of installing 142 to make this realize the fluidisation of beaded glass with suitable frequency and amplitude vibrations, this vibration transfer device can be known any suitable type for experienced reader.This preferably has to the curved surface that is recessed on improving the consistance that covers optical cable with beaded glass, thereby effectively these pearls is accumulated on the optical fiber.
The feedback control system of the above-mentioned type has been regulated flowing of beaded glass, thereby can come promptly to improve easily the control that pearl is distributed by the speed of feed of adjusting pearl and/or the Oscillation Amplitude of flat bed.
In the 6th embodiment, because bed vibrates, thus need before entering chamber, pearl not make it fluidisation, and can come the easy distribution of promptly regulating beaded glass by the speed of feed of adjusting pearl and the Oscillation Amplitude of bed.Therefore, can realize feedback control.Easily this system of protection can not stopped up by pearl, and this system can obtain very high output capacity, because can highly control the gathering of pearl around optical fiber.
In Figure 36 to Figure 41, demonstrate the 7th embodiment of microballoon coating unit 318b.The optical cable 1 that is coated with uncured resin passes three chamber 152a, b, 154a, b, 156a, the interconnective passage 150 of b.In the embodiment of Figure 36 to Figure 38, chamber 152a, 154a and 156a are generally conical and are tapered downwards, and are bonded together along its length, thereby form the vertical openings of therefrom passing for optical cable 1 between these chambers.This passage 150 comprises tubular conduit or core pipe.
These chambers 152a, b, 154a, each among the b all comprises inlet 158, this inlet is used for receiving pearl stream and they is circled round in chamber.Eddy current effect causes these pearls to be thrown to the wall of chamber, and enters into the passage 150 between these chambers.
, to embodiment shown in Figure 38, spray among taper chamber 152a, 154a, the 156a at Figure 36 according in chamber, producing the pearl stream of a kind of like this mode of whirlwind effect with fluidisation. Corresponding pipeline 162a, 162b, 162c make air and pearl circulate inlet 158 from the outlet chamber 164.On each pipeline 162a, 162b, 162c, be provided with the ebullator fan 166 that is used for round pipeline driving air.In the downstream of this fan 166 is the beaded glass hopper 168 of cam control feeding.This passage 150 has malleation chamber 170,172 respectively discharging untapped pearl at optical cable entrance and exit place, and each pipeline 162 all has and extends to filtrator and allow to carry out pressure control and vent hole 174 that pearl reclaims.The advantage of this layout is in chamber without any moving component.
In Figure 39 to Figure 41, demonstrate the modification on the 7th embodiment.In this embodiment, in fact chamber 152b, 154b, 156b comprise pipeline self, and rotating brush 176 is arranged in each chamber.Such advantage is to handle the pearl input that is not fluidized.Brush 176 bristle is dispersed on whole chamber 152b, 154b, the 156b pearl, and can be arranged through chamber wall suitably is shaped and with the pearl bullet to optical cable 1.Advantageously, have along overcoming relative gravity and air-flow power and make pearl remain on the spiral brush sifter 176 that the direction in the chamber is rotated.
Another possibility (not shown) is, the trough of belt drum of rotation is installed in each chamber.These slits can be arranged to towards chamber wall air and pearl be released.The advantage of this scheme is, can provide to help airflow that these pearls are transported towards optical cable.
In the 7th embodiment, apply chamber because define optical fiber, so can realize optical cable is fast and effeciently applied in the cross-shaped portion office of a plurality of chambers.In eddy current or cyclone system, can obtain simple and reliable equipment.Can easily control this system by the speed and the beaded glass speed of feed that change eddy velocity and direction or brush or drum, thereby allow to carry out feedback control.
In Figure 42, demonstrate the 8th embodiment of microballoon coating unit 318b.This optical cable 1 passes and applies chamber 190, this chamber comprises column tube 191 (preferably being made by glass) substantially, this pipe terminates at the each end in the cardinal principle tapering part that is formed by solid parts (199a and 199b) basically, and each solid parts defines the have fi-ustoconical surface chamber of (being substantially tapering part 192 and 193).Optical cable 1 also passes near the malleation chambers 72 first (upstream) end 192 that is positioned at passage and is positioned near second (downstream) end 193 of passage malleation chambers 74, the pressure ratio in each pressure chamber 72,74 described chamber be provided with towards the pressure height at respective end place of passage.
The tapering part that forms by trochoidal surface 192 can be alternatively with respect to tubular portion or manage 191 axis along the radial direction bending, thereby reduce smoothly for the cross-sectional area that fluid enters this passage (being formed by the fi-ustoconical surface 193 in fi-ustoconical surface, pipe and the downstream end at upstream extremity place) of glass tube 191.This will help to be reduced in the eddy current in the pipe 191, and allow at least in pipe 191 (at this place particle coated optical cable) can easier appearance the gas-particle potpourri of laminar flow basically.
By means of two pipelines that pass parts 199a or enter the mouth 196 and the hole 194a that is arranged in fi-ustoconical surface 192, make air and mixture of microspheres enter and apply in the chamber.Though have only two pipelines and hole in this embodiment, what it should be understood that is, can use a plurality of pipeline/holes to make air and the mixture of microspheres wall by parts 199a enter or directly enter alternatively in the pipe 191 (as the back as shown in Figure 43).This air and mixture of microspheres produce by making microballoon fluidisation or mechanical metering method in the hopper (not shown).These microballoons are along with the airflow that promotes along pipeline 196 delivers in the pipe 191 together then.
Preferably, the inlet 196 that is used for the gas-particle potpourri is arranged to potpourri is guided stand in channel, thereby this potpourri flows round optical cable during along channel flow at it.Therefore this potpourri has the streamline of following round the helical-like path of optical cable.Optionally or in addition, (for example can be provided with towards the guide member of passage upstream extremity, in conical portion or frusto-conically shaped portion), thus so guiding mixes logistics, so that this potpourri flows round optical cable when tubular portion is advanced at it at least.
Air and mixture of microspheres distribute by pipe 191, thereby make microballoon contact with the surface that is coated with uncured resin of optical cable 1 and adhere to thereon.Airflow and the microballoon of carrying secretly are advanced along pipe 191, and leave by being used for collecting the removing outlet 195 of not using microballoon that does not stick on the optical cable 1.Use after making collected air and mixture of microspheres circulate again to be used for by reentering by means of pipeline 196 and hole 194.
Except the zone that the malleation chamber 72 that includes optical cable 1 stretches out, filtration membrane 197 extends on the entire cross section of first end 192.Film 197 is used for preventing that microballoon from leaving chamber by air discharge line 198, and this air discharge line is used as pressure relief device by allowing air to leave chamber as shown by arrow A where necessary.
Vibrating mechanism 200 is installed on the parts 199a at the top that surrounds pipe 191.Vibrating mechanism 200 is used to make small vibration or shakes infiltration and pass this parts, and the chamber portion that these parts of therefore serving as reasons surround provides local vibration, and this part comprises the top of pipe and enters hole 194a and film 197.These vibrations can help to prevent that some microballoons are deposited on the surface (for example, fi-ustoconical surface 192) undesirablely, and by preventing that accumulation strengthens microballoon flowing through pipe 191 in the chamber that is limited by parts 199a.At the vibrating mechanism shown in Figure 42 200 is pneumatic, and what it should be understood that is to adopt suitable vibration or agitating device arbitrarily.
Air and mixture of microspheres are controlled through the flow velocity of piping 196, thereby allow feedback to change the coating density of microballoon on optical cable 1.The downstream sensor (not shown) can detect coating density, and a control module can correspondingly change air and microballoon flows up to having realized desired coating.
Demonstrate the modification of the 8th embodiment in Figure 43, wherein identical Reference numeral is represented identical feature.In this modification, allow air and mixture of microspheres to locate to enter at intervening portion (as by shown in pipeline 196 and the hole 194b) along the cylindrical section of pipe 191.
The 8th embodiment can also be strengthened by in pipe 191 a plurality of baffle plate (not shown) being set, and is for example described with reference to Figure 25 and Figure 26.These baffle plates can maintain static or be movable and be used for making these microballoon deflection pipe 191 in during microballoon is carried, so have strengthened density and the distribution that sticks to the lip-deep microballoon of optical cable that is coated with uncured resin.
Now with reference to Figure 44 malleation chamber 72 is described in more detail.This chamber comprises two elongated tubular portions 205 and 206, and these two parts are by being used for importing inlet 207 connections of forced air.These parts define the passage 208 with various radiuses together, and optical cable 1 can pass through this passage without hindrance.In two directions flow from 207 airflows that enter this passage that enter the mouth, and more the airflow of vast scale flows towards pipe 191 away from inlet.As is shown in this figure, be subjected to influence (wherein D1 is the internal diameter from the nearest tubular portion 205 of pipe 191) along the air-flow ratio of different directions at the difference in internal diameters D1＞D2 between these two elongated tubular product such parts 205 and 206.Optionally or in addition, length difference L1＞L2 can be used for influencing the air-flow ratio.
The operation of aforesaid malleation chamber 72 produces and enters pipe 191 air-flow, thereby has prevented that basically microballoon from entering in the pressure chamber 72 and escape out, and with than in the optical fiber coating unit, carrying the higher pressure of gas of microballoon to operate.It should be understood that at the relevant pressure chamber 74 at the opposed end place that applies chamber and will operate in a comparable manner.In addition, especially be located under the situation that wherein air-flow each end is in the opposite direction located at malleation chamber 72,74, the air-flow that enters the pipe 191 from the malleation chamber will advantageously help to produce eddy current in pipe 191.
In addition, the malleation chamber can be provided with as described second suction channel of reference Figure 42 (not shown in Figure 44), enters atmosphere as additional safety precaution to prevent that microballoon from escaping.These second suction channels can be arranged to catch the microballoon of managing to pass the malleation chamber, and use the pipeline suction microballoon with negative pressure.
The various aspects that it should be understood that above-mentioned each embodiment can suitably be combined, and the present invention can use suitable material and equipment known to those of ordinary skills to implement.
In above-mentioned manufacture method, particle is motion in medium (for example, air).But, the optical cable drawing can be passed the set of motionless or static basically particle, thereby make movement of particles by optical cable and the motion that sticks to the lip-deep particle of this optical cable.
Can adopt air-blow technology will be formed with the texture outside surface and wherein the optical cable that reduces of glassy zone width be installed in the pipeline easily.Because this optical cable can hold the optical fiber of greater number because the glass diameter of these optical fiber reduces, so can replace the existing optical cable of given fiber number with the optical cable that is configured with higher fiber number according to the present invention.In many cases, this will reduce replacing necessity of existing pipeline with large pipeline more, thereby owing to increased and be installed in ducted number of fibers, therefore obviously save cost.
Can also construct according to the present invention and to have or not have tension load to bear optical cable member, that structure is more common, that is, and loose optical fibers or trough of belt core optical cable.Particularly, be designed for optical cable air-blow technology rather than be used for so-called intensity that traditional pulling installs and degrade (strength-denuded) optical cable and be applicable to according to manufacturing of the present invention.Reduce fibre diameter and can cause saving effectively necessary cable size, perhaps increase fiber number for given cable size for given fiber number.Less optical cable means can use less pipeline, and this can cause tangible cost savings and other advantage.
Also have, the present invention is benefited from tradition or the design of air-blowing special optical cable, because at optical fiber when optical cable " exposes ", lower permission maximum deflection radius means, can use the wherein plug and other fiber optic cable management parts can be obviously littler and the therefore compacter equipment optical fiber that holds and stop exposing.Even it should be understood that outside surface at optical cable does not form special texture and can realize these benefits when tackifying pulling force yet.
Claims (62)
1. optical cable, the sheath that it has at least one optical fiber and is provided with round this at least one optical fiber, every optical fiber has the glass core that is used for along this optical cable direct light, this sheath has one the texture outside surface is arranged, be used for being convenient to optical cable and advance along a pipeline under the influence of gas pulling force, wherein the width of every glass core in xsect is less than 100 microns.
2. optical cable as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, the width of every glass core in xsect is less than or equal to 80 microns.
3. optical cable as claimed in claim 1 or 2 is characterized in that, every glass core is formed by the silex glass material.
4. as front claim 1 or 2 described optical cables, it is characterized in that texture outside surface to the small part that has of described sheath is to be present in the material that forms jacket outer surface owing to particle.
5. optical cable as claimed in claim 4 is characterized in that, described particle distributes on the outside surface of sheath everywhere, and at least some particles have from the outwardly directed respective bump part of sheath.
6. optical cable as claimed in claim 4 is characterized in that the shape of described particle is substantially sphere.
7. optical cable as claimed in claim 6 is characterized in that, described particle is a glass.
8. optical cable as claimed in claim 6 is characterized in that, along the axial direction of optical cable measure the spacing between the particle center on average less than 350 microns.
9. optical cable as claimed in claim 8 is characterized in that, described spacing is on average less than 250 microns.
10. optical cable as claimed in claim 9 is characterized in that, described spacing is on average less than 200 microns.
11., it is characterized in that be provided with a buffer area between described at least one optical fiber and sheath, this buffer area is formed by the material that its elastic modulus is lower than the elastic modulus of sheath as the described optical cable of front claim 4.
12., it is characterized in that described optical cable comprises a plurality of being used for along the glass core of optical cable direct light as front claim 1 or 2 described optical cables.
13., it is characterized in that every optical fiber has the protection zone of extending round glass core as front claim 1 or 2 described optical cables, the average thickness of the protection zone of every glass core is less than 30 microns.
14., it is characterized in that the average thickness of the protection zone of every glass core is 10 to 15 microns as the described optical cable of front claim 13.
15. as front claim 1 or 2 described optical cables, it is characterized in that, described optical cable has many glass core, every glass core has circular cross section substantially, and every glass core has central axis, and wherein said glass core is so arranged, thereby the central axis of nearest neighbor glass core is at a distance of within 100 microns.
16., it is characterized in that described optical cable is at least 50 meters along the length of axial direction as front claim 1 or 2 described optical cables.
17., it is characterized in that the width of every glass core in xsect is between 30 to 90 microns as the described optical cable of front claim 1.
18. optical cable as claimed in claim 17 is characterized in that, the width of every glass core in xsect is between 55 to 85 microns.
19., it is characterized in that described sheath is formed by resin material as front claim 1 or 2 described optical cables.
20. optical transmission system, it comprises that optical cable as claimed in claim 1 or 2 and this optical cable of confession are installed in pipeline wherein, wherein said optical cable is such type, that is, its during installation can by gas from this pipeline by and advance the influencing in the pipeline of lower edge of gas pulling force of this gas.
21. one kind is installed in method in the pipeline with optical cable, wherein this optical cable is as at claim 1 or 2 described optical cables, this method may further comprise the steps: the front portion of optical cable is imported in the inlet pipe road; And make gas pass at least a portion pipeline, with at least in part by with the gas pulling force of the gas of relative mean flow rate process on optical cable of being higher than the optical cable fltting speed and advance described optical cable along pipeline along direct of travel.
22. a manufacturing has the method for the optical cable that the texture outside surface is arranged, and may further comprise the steps: receive an optical cable part, the sheath that this optical cable partly has at least one optical fiber and is provided with round this at least one optical fiber; Make this optical cable partly be passed in the gaseous medium that wherein has a plurality of particles; And make at least some particle adhesions on cable jacket, so that for sheath provides the texture outside surface, wherein every optical fiber has the glassy zone that is used for along the optical cable direct light, and wherein the width of each glassy zone in xsect less than 100 microns.
23. method as claimed in claim 22 is characterized in that, described particle is moved in this gaseous medium according to airborne mode.
24. method as claimed in claim 23 is characterized in that, described gaseous medium is flowed, this gaseous medium so mixes with particle, thereby makes optical cable pass gaseous medium-granulate mixture stream.
25. method as claimed in claim 24 is characterized in that, described gaseous medium-granulate mixture stream is eddy current.
26., it is characterized in that described optical cable partly passes the chamber that includes gaseous medium-granulate mixture as each described method in the claim 23 to 25.
27. method as claimed in claim 26 is characterized in that, forms described gaseous medium-granulate mixture by gaseous medium is flowed on grain bed.
28. method as claimed in claim 27 is characterized in that, described gaseous medium-granulate mixture is in the chamber porch is imported into into chamber.
29. method as claimed in claim 26 is characterized in that, comprises such step, that is, make optical cable part and gaseous medium-granulate mixture advance along the passage that has along the elongated axial component of axial direction.
30. method as claimed in claim 29, it is characterized in that, described passage comprises a chamber portion at an end place of described axial component at least, this chamber portion has with respect to the axial direction angled side walls, thereby the width of this chamber portion is along with reducing towards the reducing of distance of axial component, up to the position of the width coupling of the width of this chamber portion and axial component.
31. method as claimed in claim 30, it is characterized in that, described chamber portion has gaseous medium-particle inlet, this chamber portion is positioned at the upstream extremity place of described axial component, and this method may further comprise the steps: by this gaseous medium-particle inlet gaseous medium-granulate mixture is imported in the chamber portion; Make gaseous medium-granulate mixture be passed into axial component from chamber portion; And described optical cable is partly imported in the axial component of stand in channel.
32. method as claimed in claim 31; it is characterized in that; described chamber portion has a plurality of gaseous mediums-particle inlet; this method comprises such step; promptly; by described gaseous medium-particle inlet gaseous medium-granulate mixture is imported in the chamber portion, thereby this gaseous medium-granulate mixture enters chamber portion at the diverse location place round the spaced apart distribution of chamber portion.
33. method as claimed in claim 30 is characterized in that, described chamber portion is substantially circle in the lateral cross section with respect to axial direction.
34. method as claimed in claim 33 is characterized in that, described chamber portion comprises and is substantially conical portion.
35. method as claimed in claim 33 is characterized in that, described chamber portion has along radial direction curved sidewall part, thereby the cross-sectional area of described passage changes between this chamber portion and axial component smoothly.
36. method as claimed in claim 29 is characterized in that, described axial component is substantially tubulose.
37. method as claimed in claim 22; it is characterized in that, comprise such step, promptly; gaseous medium-granulate mixture is divided into a plurality of tributaries, and these tributaries are combined to produce in gaseous medium-granulate mixture near the optical cable part or the increase eddy current.
38. method as claimed in claim 37; it is characterized in that; described passage has a plurality of along the isolated constriction of axial direction; be used for limiting round optical cable gaseous medium-granulate mixture partly so that produce or the increase eddy current at gaseous medium-granulate mixture; but also comprise such step; that is, will pass corresponding accessory channel round the tributary guiding of each constriction.
39. method as claimed in claim 22 is characterized in that, comprises the steps: to be supported on the moving surface particle is instantaneous at least; And make optical cable partly pass through moving surface, this moving surface is so arranged, thereby the motion of this moving surface makes particle partly disperse towards optical cable.
40. method as claimed in claim 39 is characterized in that, described moving surface tilts with respect to horizontal direction.
41. method as claimed in claim 40 is characterized in that, this moving surface moves according to mode of vibration.
42. method as claimed in claim 40 is characterized in that, described moving surface moves according to the mode of rotation.
43. as each described method in the claim 39 to 42, it is characterized in that described moving surface comprises a plurality of openings, the size of these openings is so set, thereby at least some particles can pass these openings.
44. method as claimed in claim 22, it is characterized in that, comprise such step, promptly, make described optical cable partly pass through a plurality of moving surface parts, described moving surface part is relative to each other setovered along vertical direction, thus particle can be under action of gravity from a moving surface part to another moving surface componental movement.
45. method as claimed in claim 44 is characterized in that, described moving surface part arranges that along spirality path this spirality path partly extends round optical cable.
46. method as claimed in claim 45 is characterized in that, described moving surface part is formed by a plurality of elastic rib bars that radially extend.
47. method as claimed in claim 22 is characterized in that, when moving with the direction that optical cable is axially aimed at substantially, gaseous medium is partly circulated in optical cable part round optical cable.
48. method as claimed in claim 47 is characterized in that, described optical cable part is passed through along the central axial line of rotational symmetric chamber portion, and gaseous medium is moved in chamber according to the eddy current mode.
49. method as claimed in claim 31, it is characterized in that, described chamber portion has the optical cable inlet that is used for optical cable is partly imported chamber portion into, and wherein this optical cable inlet comprises the inlet chamber with the outlet that is communicated with chamber portion, and this method may further comprise the steps: make optical cable partly pass the inlet chamber; And when the optical cable part is just therefrom passed, pressurized gaseous medium is input in the inlet chamber, so that in the indoor malleation that is higher than pressure in chamber portion that produces of entrance cavity.
50. method as claimed in claim 49, it is characterized in that, the exit opening that described inlet chamber has the inlet opening that is used to receive the optical cable part and the optical cable part that supplies to be received can be left, and the size of wherein described at least inlet opening or exit opening is so set with respect to the xsect of optical cable part, thereby under the indoor situation that does not have a malleation of entrance cavity, at least some particles are enough little of to enter or to leave described inlet chamber when the optical cable part is just therefrom passed.
51. method as claimed in claim 22 is characterized in that, the outside surface of the sheath of the optical cable part that is received is a viscosity, thereby remains on this surface from least some particles that are incident on the gaseous medium on the jacket surface.
52. method as claimed in claim 51 is characterized in that, described sheath is formed by deformable material, becomes at least that the part is embedded in the sheath material thereby be incident at least some particles on the outside surface of sheath.
53. method as claimed in claim 52 is characterized in that, comprises such later step,, makes described deformable material sclerosis under the local at least situation about being embedded in wherein of particle that is.
54. method as claimed in claim 52 is characterized in that, described deformable material is the uncured resin material, and this method comprises the step that makes this resin material sclerosis, and the step of resin material sclerosis is realized by being exposed to ultraviolet radiation.
55. method as claimed in claim 26 is characterized in that, described particle mixes with gaseous medium after importing chamber.
56., it is characterized in that described gaseous medium-granulate mixture stream is laminar flow as claim 26 described method when being subordinated to claim 23.
57. method as claimed in claim 47 is characterized in that, gaseous medium-granulate mixture stream is moved along a passage, and make it partly to circulate round optical cable when this passage moves in described optical cable part and gaseous medium-granulate mixture.
58. an optical cable, it has a plurality of optical fiber of relative to each other arranging according to mode side by side, and every optical fiber all has the corresponding glass zone along optic fibre extension, and wherein the width of each glassy zone in xsect is less than 100 microns.
59. optical cable as claimed in claim 58, it is characterized in that, each glassy zone is the fibre core form with central axial line, every fibre core is essentially circular in the xsect with respect to its central axial line, and wherein said optical cable comprises a sheath, every optical fiber so is arranged in the described sheath, thereby the central axial line of at least two adjacent fibre cores is at a distance of in 100 microns.
60. Telecom Facilities, it comprises the primary importance and the second place, this first and second position is positioned at different geographical location mutually, each position all comprises corresponding telecommunication installation, this Telecom Facilities also is included in the optical cable that extends between this primary importance and the second place allowing to carry out optical communication between these positions, wherein said optical cable as in claim 1,2,58 and 59 each specifically as described in.
61. the Telecom Facilities described in claim 60 is characterized in that, the distance of described first and second location intervals is at least 100 meters.
62. Telecom Facilities as claimed in claim 60 is characterized in that, the interval between these positions is at least 1 km.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB0305276.8 | 2003-03-07 | ||
| GB0305276A GB0305276D0 (en) | 2003-03-07 | 2003-03-07 | Optical cable |
| GB0305789.0 | 2003-03-13 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1759338A CN1759338A (en) | 2006-04-12 |
| CN100430769C true CN100430769C (en) | 2008-11-05 |
Family
ID=9954342
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB200480006220XA Expired - Fee Related CN100430769C (en) | 2003-03-07 | 2004-03-03 | Optical fiber cable and blowing installation technique |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN100430769C (en) |
| GB (1) | GB0305276D0 (en) |
Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN201698065U (en) * | 2010-05-31 | 2011-01-05 | 四川汇源光通信有限公司 | Optical cable structure suitable for air blowing laying |
| CN102122039A (en) * | 2010-10-13 | 2011-07-13 | 成都亨通光通信有限公司 | Low-friction air-blowing optical fiber unit with glass microspheres |
| JP6331260B2 (en) * | 2013-04-25 | 2018-05-30 | 住友電気工業株式会社 | Fiber optic cable |
| US9415551B2 (en) * | 2013-06-13 | 2016-08-16 | Corning Cable Systems Llc | Coupling system for a fiber optic cable |
| CN106125241A (en) * | 2016-08-30 | 2016-11-16 | 江苏中天科技股份有限公司 | A kind of air-blowing high-strength micro vitta fiber unit |
| CN110361822A (en) * | 2019-08-10 | 2019-10-22 | 江苏俊知技术有限公司 | A kind of new structural air-blowing optical cable and its manufacturing method |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4000936A (en) * | 1974-07-30 | 1977-01-04 | Bell Telephone Laboratories, Incorporated | Optical fiber jacket designs for minimum distortion loss |
| US5555335A (en) * | 1991-07-01 | 1996-09-10 | British Telecommunications Public Limited Company | Optical fibres for blown installation |
| US5851450A (en) * | 1995-08-03 | 1998-12-22 | Pirelli General Plc | Apparatus and method for use in applying particles to an external layer of uncured resin of a coating of an optical fibre unit |
-
2003
- 2003-03-07 GB GB0305276A patent/GB0305276D0/en not_active Ceased
-
2004
- 2004-03-03 CN CNB200480006220XA patent/CN100430769C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4000936A (en) * | 1974-07-30 | 1977-01-04 | Bell Telephone Laboratories, Incorporated | Optical fiber jacket designs for minimum distortion loss |
| US5555335A (en) * | 1991-07-01 | 1996-09-10 | British Telecommunications Public Limited Company | Optical fibres for blown installation |
| US5557703A (en) * | 1991-07-01 | 1996-09-17 | British Telecommunications Public Limited Company | Optical fibres for blown installation |
| US5851450A (en) * | 1995-08-03 | 1998-12-22 | Pirelli General Plc | Apparatus and method for use in applying particles to an external layer of uncured resin of a coating of an optical fibre unit |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB0305276D0 (en) | 2003-04-09 |
| CN1759338A (en) | 2006-04-12 |
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