CN100425565C - Environment-friendly type flame-proof asphalt mastic stone mixture for tunnel - Google Patents
Environment-friendly type flame-proof asphalt mastic stone mixture for tunnel Download PDFInfo
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- CN100425565C CN100425565C CNB2007100214532A CN200710021453A CN100425565C CN 100425565 C CN100425565 C CN 100425565C CN B2007100214532 A CNB2007100214532 A CN B2007100214532A CN 200710021453 A CN200710021453 A CN 200710021453A CN 100425565 C CN100425565 C CN 100425565C
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Abstract
The invention discloses an environment friendly type tunnel flame-proof pitch water chestnut ether broken stone mixed material, which comprises the following steps: counting with the total weight proportion of the pitch mixed material as 0. 3%-0. 5% mineral fiber, 1. 0%-1. 2% organic fire retardant, 5. 5%-6. 0% pitch, 92. 3-93. 2% broken stone; choosing the mineral fiber with the density not less than 2. 5g/cm3 and strength for extension as 3500MPa; choosing the elastic modulus of the mineral fiber as 85GPa, percentage of breaking elongation as 2. 5%, the highest working temperature at 500 deg. c and the length more than 6mm; choosing the organic fire retardant with the density at 1. 2-2. 0g/cm3 and the effective content not less than 70%; setting the fusion temperature of the organic fire retardant not less than 120 deg. c, the moisture percentage less than 5% and the fire point not less than 260 deg. c. This mixed material can prevent burning of tunnel pitch water chestnut ether broken stone mixed material (SMA) pavement effectively, which possesses environmental protection function.
Description
Technical field
The present invention is a kind of material that is used for tunnel sheet pavement, and especially a kind of road surface mixing material that solves fire-retardant and environmental issue belongs to the technical field that the asphalt road surface material is made.
Background technology
1. tunnel fire hazard casualty invstigation
The tunnel is the important component part of motorway, and the throat of motorway highway often.Large tunnel is interior because relative closure, tunnel fire hazard not only causes the serious breaking-up of tunnel facility and tunnel structure, causes short then a couple of days, and long then tens of skies even the road traffic of longer time interrupt, life, property safety that also can the serious threat people cause inestimable financial loss.In case presence of fire in the tunnel, a large amount of cigarettes, heat are difficult for eliminating, and is full of smoke in the hole, and illumination destroys, and visibility meter descends and with high temperature and poison gas, brings very big difficulty with rescuing for safe escape.Simultaneously, enter the tunnel by the up vehicle that comes of the express lane outside the tunnel after, the transverse section diminishes, spaces of vehicles shortens, the driving visual field narrows down.If car accident takes place in the front, the officer on the car of back is difficult for finding, thereby causes a large amount of vehicles obstructions, the development of aggravation fire.Bituminous concrete tunnel road surface particularly, bituminous material be owing to itself have tangible combustibility, and produce a large amount of smog when burning, will produce great harm to personnel safety.In recent years, owing to the major casualties that the fire in the domestic and international large tunnel causes, the fire prevention of large tunnel is taken precautions against natural calamities be subjected to generally paying attention to, this also becomes promotes the huge obstacle that tunnel sheet pavement must be crossed over.
According to investigations, the domestic in recent years bituminous pavement incendiary accident that a lot of on business road tunnel fire hazards once took place and cause.On January 10th, 2002, groceries such as the east wind truck in a Henan fully loaded leather shoes, lighter and transparent film are travelled by Southern Dynasties north, walk to left tunnel hole, motorway cat leopard cat mountain range, Zhejiang, Taiwan and Wenzhou, Zhejiang (uplink) near tunnel exit 780m the time, presence of fire, about 2 hours of whole fire time length, though no one was injured, caused interruption of communication 18 days, cause huge direct and indirect economic loss; On September 5th, 2003, a motor bus that leaves for Kweiyang from Xishui County sails to the expensive lorry of filling yellow phosphorus in 53 kilometers on road and front of abiding by and knocks into the back, and yellow phosphorus catches fire to blaze up and causes the road surface burning on the car; On March 19th, 2004, the presence of fire of knocking into the back of the tank wagon that is positioned near the fully loaded 25 tons of oil fuel service area of the direction Tashan Mountain, motorway Beijing and the lorry that travels in the place ahead, intensity of a fire burning fiercely, the road surface burning area reaches 400 square metres; On February 22nd, 2005, a tack that is being fully loaded with 600 Beer Bottle chests extended
Truck, it is on fire suddenly when 12 kilometers of the lucky motorways of the people are located to travel, and loses tens0000 yuan, and about 3 square metres express highway pavement is burnt.
Fire failure in the vcehicular tunnel is an international problem, also happens occasionally abroad, and since the eighties in last century, very serious tunnel fire hazard accident all took place in many in the world countries.
1991, Osaka, JAPAN was the Aorta of Japan to the motorway of Nagoya, 2045 meters of total lengths, and the inside facility is complete and advanced, and TV monitor system is arranged, more than 1000 water spray, more than 40 fire hydrant, more than 300 detector.But after the presence of fire, the work of water spray just stops water spray after 80 minutes, and high temperature makes TV monitor system ineffective, and a large amount of dense smokes of generation have surpassed the smoke evacuation ability of ventilation system; Austrian Phaender on the 10th tunnel traffic accident in April nineteen ninety-five also on firely causes 3 people's death; November 18 in 1996, the purpose fire failure occurred in the Great Britain and France's subbottom tunnel between France and the Britain; March in 1996, tank wagon blast in Italian Palemo on the 18th tunnel caused 5 people's death; Occurred in Blanc (the Mont-B worker anc) tunnel between France and the Italy on March 24th, 1999, dead 41 people, 36 automobiles are ruined, and have burnt 53 hours; On May 29th, 1999, alpine pottery grace tunnel (Tauern Motorway Tunnel) fire was passed through at the Austria middle part, owing to hitting at a high speed on the car of parking forwardly, the truck at rear causes big fire, the fire extinguishing measure all fails, fire has caused 14 lorries, 26 cars to burn, 12 people's death, 49 people are injured; October 24 calendar year 2001, Switzerland's St Gothard tunnel presence of fire of one of operation vcehicular tunnel that the world is the longest, cause 11 people's death, accident occurs in mouthful 1.5km place apart from tunnel south, and lorry that travels is because tyre break and turn to reversed carriage suddenly, and to sail the lorry collision that comes on fire with the opposite, wherein contained tire makes fire condition more serious on car, in the scope of 200m, the temperature of big fire is up to 1200 degrees centigrade, causes that the tunnel roof bulk caves in; About 9: 10 morning of on June 6th, 2003, a motorbus and jeep take place and bump against in the tunnel and cause big fire in great intelligence door tunnel, Seoul, Seoul, and about 30 people are injured.
The survey showed that, and the own characteristic of tunnel fire hazard also causes its destructiveness more much bigger than common buildings fire.Fire is in case take place, just reach very high temperature in very short time, make personnel be difficult to rapid escape, bituminous pavement, the hole wall of tunnel internal of can not only igniting repaiied, and, cause the bearing capacity reduction of structure or completely lose destruction tunnel water proofing system the huge damage of lining cutting generation, cause tunnel percolating water in various degree, so that influence the normal operation in tunnel; The a large amount of toxic smogs that produce during fire reduce the visibility meter in the tunnel, the influence person of going into and the escape of vehicle and carrying out of rescue work.Thereby, large-scale tunnel fire hazard generally takes place, all can cause a large amount of loss of life and personal injury and property damage.How, reduce the generation of tunnel fire hazard as far as possible, select rational pavement structure and material, make it have antiskid, flame retardant properties has great importance according to the tunnel fire hazard accident characteristic.
The reason that causes the tunnel fire hazard accident is many-sided, concludes and gets up to have following four aspects:
At first, be that the presence of fire of automobile own causes tunnel fire hazard.The reason that causes automobile fire is that electric wiring is aging, and the engine position has mixed gas to leak, thereby causes that short-circuit fire, vaporizer are on fire, and the cargo truck pneumatic system is on fire.As the Japanese tunnel big fire of closing the door in 1964 was exactly that auto electric line fault causes.According to data analysis, 0.5～1.5 fire of 1,000 ten thousand kilometers average generations of the about every driving of automobile.
Secondly, the goods on the lorry causes fire.Various vehicles pass through in the tunnel, and their institute's cargo have plenty of flammable or inflammable articles, meet naked light burning or spontaneous combustion take place.As 1949 USA New Yorks " Holland " tunnel fire hazard, day in 1977 wood good wild tunnel fire hazard of husband all causes that burning causes because goods is met kindling material.
The 3rd, vehicle clashes on fire mutually.Because road is narrower and small, and visibility meter is relatively poor, vehicle collision accident takes place in situation more complicated easily in the tunnel.As the inferior tunnel fire hazard of Dutch valve in 1978, Tianjin tunnel fire hazard burnt in Japan in 1979, all since in the tunnel, take place traffic accident, vehicle mutually bump cause.
At last, electric wiring or electrical equipment short-circuit fire in the tunnel.Traffic density increases in recent years, and the carriage of dangerous goods amount increases, and Vehicle Speed is accelerated: the quantity in tunnel and length are the inducements that tunnel fire hazard takes place constantly increasing.
2. the trend of tunnel road surface type development
Because it is shorter that China builds the history of large-scale vcehicular tunnel, China is relatively weaker to the research of tunnel road surface structure and material, and tunnel road surface adopts cement concrete pavement mostly, and structural shape is single.On the one hand be because cement concrete pavement intensity height, work-ing life are longer, relatively meet the needs that should not often construct in the tunnel, and the road surface be of light color, driving is visual high; Then be that major part needs import, the cost height because the fire resistance of cement concrete pavement is relatively good, and high-quality asphalt output is less on the other hand.Simultaneously, the nineties in 20th century of presence of fire once in being grown up in the tunnel in Europe for security consideration, impels people more to select cement concrete pavement for use.
But there is seam in cement concrete pavement, and surface irregularity causes vehicle pitching, and comfortableness is poor, and is long in time limit, shortcomings such as maintenance difficult; Wearing no resistance of cement pavement, surperficial cling property is relatively poor, often causes the traffic accident in the tunnel.Cement concrete pavement in the tunnel is under dampness according to surveying and determination, and its frictional coefficient only is 40% under the drying regime, only is 25% of bituminous concrete pavement; The tunnel is the tubular structure of relative closure owing to grow up, and the noise in the tunnel will be far above the noise outside the tunnel, and noise can produce resonance, superposition phenomenon in the tunnel, make that noise is bigger in the tunnel, and in the tunnel noise time length longer, be difficult for to dissipate, noise effect the running environment in tunnel.In order to improve surperficial sliding resistance and driving comfort, reduce noise, overlay bituminous concrete surface layer or establish bituminous concrete pavement at former cement concrete pavement sometimes at new built tunnel middle berth.
Great majority are cement concrete pavement in the domestic tunnel road surface of building in early days, but, in recent years along with the progress of science and technology, the development of operating technique and the development of asphalt flame-retardant technology, make the fire performance of bituminous concrete that significant progress arranged, add people to the improving constantly of driving comfort requirement in the tunnel, bituminous concrete pavement is favored by people again gradually.Begun to have the part tunnel of growing up to begin to adopt bituminous concrete pavement after calendar year 2001, the long 5300m in Yanmen Guan tunnel that opened in 2003 has adopted bituminous concrete pavement, for the application of bituminous concrete pavement in Super Long Tunnel accumulated experience.According to investigations, external tunnel road surface extensively adopts bituminous pavement.The European most of national and U.S. mainly adopts bituminous concrete pavement in the tunnel, all adopted the asphalt pavement structure form as the Austrian Arberg tunnel of the long tunnel, Austrian Toon of Italian Blanc tunnel, the 6.4km of 16km length, 14km length, the Switzerland St.Gotthard Tunnel of 17km length etc.German, Japanese tunnel road surface generally adopts the cast asphalt concrete structural shape, for sliding resistance and the brightness that improves the road surface, go back spreading one deck on the cast asphalt concrete surface and calcine white flint, make the functions of use on its road surface good, illuminating value is good, prolong work-ing life, is a kind of comparatively ideal tunnel road surface structural shape.
In order to reach antiskid, noise reduction, comfortable, competent requirement, tunnel sheet pavement is usually selected SMA (stone mastic asphalt) road surface for use.The gap-graded mix making that this kind road surface is made up of pitch, fiber stabilizer, breeze and a spot of fine aggregate forms, and has characteristics such as excellent high-temperature stability (anti-rut performance), weather resistance (comprising water stability, resistance to fatigue and ageing resistance), surperficial sliding resistance, low noise.But, the general bituminous pavement of SMA pavement asphalt amount ratio is high more than 1%, and the flammable lignin fibre of admixture about 0.3% (with gathering materials weight ratio) is as stablizer, when the tunnel sheet pavement presence of fire is burnt, pitch and lignin fibre all can play combustion-supporting effect, increase the difficulty of tunnel fire hazard rescue, caused bigger loss.And general fire retardant can produce a large amount of smog and toxic gas under the pyritous environment, not only stoped rescue work to be carried out, the environment of having gone back severe contamination.
This shows that tunnel road surface adopts bituminous pavement to become a kind of development trend, and usually selects the SMA road surface for use, still, how to prevent that bituminous pavement from burning and environmental issue needs further research when tunnel fire hazard.
3. the application of flame-retardant pitch
Pitch incendiary process, at first fusion, drippage, trickling then are bead burning,, trickling unrestrained by the incendiary bead again, cause fire spreading to enlarge, and lead to fire.Asphalt fuel combustion is the physical and chemical process of a heat release, decomposition, decomposites hydrogen, methane, benzene and alkanes inflammable gas in the burning.These burning of gass have further been accelerated the bituminous thermolysis again.So that the characteristics of pitch fire are the oncoming force is violent, expansion is fast, scope is wide, loss is big.
The fire-retardant research of bituminous, be on the fire-retardant research basis of chemical materials, to grow up, China's combustionproperty standard of just having formulated all kinds of chemical materialss is early measured (GB10707-1989), insulating liquid combustibility test method (GB T 16581-1996), plastics combustibility test (GB 2406-1980) etc. as textile combustion performance test (GB T 5454-1997), glass filament reinforced plastics combustibility test (GB 8924-1988), rubber combustionproperty.
Fire retardant commonly used at present can be divided into organic class, mineral-type and complex class.Organic fire-retardant commonly used has tricresyl phosphate (β-chloroethyl) ester (TCEP), tricresyl phosphate (2-chloropropyl) ester (TCPP), tricresyl phosphate (2,3-two chloropropyls) ester (TDCPP) etc.; Inorganic combustion inhibitor commonly used comprises aluminium hydroxide, zinc borate, antimonous oxide etc.; Composite flame-retardant agent is to have multiple fire retardant to be composited, and can bring into play the advantage of each fire retardant, thereby plays good effect.Existed test results shows, the adding of fire retardant is less to the influence of the pavement performance of asphalt, but can effectively improve the bituminous oxygen index, thereby plays fire retardation.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem: the purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of environment-friendly type tunnel flame-proof asphalt mastic stone mixture, this fire-retardant compound can effectively stop the burning on tunnel asphalt mastic-broken stone mixture (SMA) road surface, has the effect of environmental protection simultaneously.
Technical scheme: in order to overcome when the tunnel sheet pavement presence of fire is burnt, SMA tunnel road surface medium pitch and lignin fibre all can play combustion-supporting shortcoming.The burning of SMA road surface is organized in SMA road surface burning during for the presence of fire of effective prevention tunnel from two aspects.When constructing, adopt the SMA tunnel road surface non-combustible mineral fibre to replace combustion-supporting lignin fibre on the one hand; On the other hand, in pitch, add the environment-friendly type organic fire-retardant, carry out flame-retardant modified pitch.Technique scheme does not change the use properties on original SMA road surface.Mineral fibre of the present invention, organic fire-retardant add according to following ratio:,
Mineral fibre accounts for the gross weight proportional range of SMA asphalt: 0.3%～0.5%;
Organic fire-retardant accounts for the gross weight proportional range of SMA asphalt: 1.0%～1.2%;
Pitch accounts for the gross weight proportional range of SMA asphalt: 5.5%～6.0%;
Rubble accounts for the gross weight proportional range of SMA asphalt: 92.3%～93.2%.
Each component optimum proportion is: mineral fibre: organic fire-retardant: pitch: rubble=0.4%: 1.1%: 5.7%: 92.8%.
The technical requirements that mineral fibre should satisfy is:
Density 〉=2.5g/cm
3
Tensile strength 3500MPa;
Young's modulus 85GPa;
Tension set 2.5%;
500 ℃ of maximum operating temperatures;
Length ≯ 6mm.
The technical requirements that organic fire-retardant should satisfy is:
Density 1.2～2.0g/cm
3
Effective content 〉=70%;
Melt temperature 〉=120 ℃;
Water ratio＜5%;
Burning-point 〉=260 ℃.
Beneficial effect: mineral fibre has high temperature resistant (can reach more than 650 ℃), good heat-insulation effect, no fusion drippage, no thermal contraction, limiting oxygen index(LOI) greater than advantages such as 68, adopt it to replace combustible lignin fibre in the original SMA road surface, can play certain flame retardant effect; Organic fire-retardant is eliminated the very strong free radical (HO. and H-) of activity that (seizure) hydrocarbon oxidation initial stage produces, and suppresses the generation of chain reaction; Form tunicle at asphalt surface, cut off heat energy, inflammable gas, the transmission of oxygen (air) in pitch; Promote carbide to generate, form stable carburization zone, make fire end, produce, the purpose that reach fire-retardant, presses down cigarette from putting out phenomenon at burning surface.Agent of this environment-friendly type asphalt flame-retardant and mineral fibre are applied in the SMA road surface, tunnel, under the prerequisite that does not change the every pavement performance of protobitumen compound, improve the flame retardant resistance of asphalt, thereby solve tunnel sheet pavement fire safety and environmental issue.This kind prescription neither can influence the various use propertieies in former road surface, does not increase difficulty of construction again, so this environment-friendly type tunnel has good popularization value with flame-proof asphalt mastic stone mixture.
Embodiment
Environment-friendly type of the present invention tunnel with the component of flame-proof asphalt mastic stone mixture by the gross weight proportional meter that accounts for asphalt: mineral fibre 0.3%～0.5%; Organic fire-retardant 1.0%～1.2%; Pitch 5.5%～6.0%; Rubble 92.3%～93.2%.
The technical requirements that mineral fibre should satisfy is: density 〉=2.5g/cm
3Tensile strength 3500MPa; Young's modulus 85GPa; Tension set 2.5%; 500 ℃ of maximum operating temperatures; Length ≯ 6mm.
The technical requirements that organic fire-retardant should satisfy is: density 1.2～2.0g/cm
3Effective content 〉=70%; Melt temperature 〉=120 ℃; Water ratio＜5%; Burning-point 〉=260 ℃.
1) according to the every dish throughput of batching plant, calculates the consumption that every dish needs fire retardant and mineral fibre, then fire retardant and mineral fibre are made small packages respectively, be delivered to mixing in the cylinder of batching plant with artificial or travelling belt;
2) rubble that will be heated to 180～190 ℃ all size was earlier mixed the cylinder dry mixing about 5 seconds according to what certain grating was put into batching plant automatically after weighing, again fire retardant and mineral fibre are joined and mix in the cylinder, carried out dry mixing about 10 seconds, fire retardant and mineral fibre are evenly distributed in the rubble;
3) will be heated to 160～170 ℃ heated bitumen and join to mix according to design quantity and carried out stir about in the cylinder 40 seconds, on rubble, wrap up in full pitch, do not have grey material, evenly till.
4) blowing.The appearance temperature of control compound must not be higher than 185 ℃ between 170～180 ℃.Must not be lower than 160 ℃ to the on-the-spot temperature that paves.
Application example:
Example 1: mineral fibre: organic fire-retardant: pitch: rubble=0.3%: 1.2%: 5.8%: 92.7%,
Example 2: mineral fibre: organic fire-retardant: pitch: rubble=0.5%: 1.0%: 5.9%: 92.6%,
Example 3: mineral fibre: organic fire-retardant: pitch: rubble=0.4%: 1.1%: 5.7%: 92.8%,
Example 4: mineral fibre: organic fire-retardant: pitch: rubble=0.3%: 1.1%: 5.9%: 92.7%.
Claims (1)
1. environment-friendly type tunnel flame-proof asphalt mastic stone mixture, the component that it is characterized in that this compound are by the gross weight proportional meter that accounts for asphalt: mineral fibre 0.3%～0.5%; Organic fire-retardant 1.0%～1.2%; Pitch 5.5%～6.0%; Rubble 92.3%～93.2%;
The technical requirements that mineral fibre should satisfy is:
Density 〉=2.5g/cm
3
Tensile strength 3500MPa;
Young's modulus 85GPa;
Tension set 2.5%;
500 ℃ of maximum operating temperatures;
Length ≯ 6mm;
The technical requirements that organic fire-retardant should satisfy is:
Density 1.2～2.0g/cm
3
Effective content 〉=70%;
Melt temperature 〉=120 ℃;
Water ratio＜5%;
Burning-point 〉=260 ℃.
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| CNB2007100214532A CN100425565C (en) | 2007-04-13 | 2007-04-13 | Environment-friendly type flame-proof asphalt mastic stone mixture for tunnel |
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|---|---|---|---|
| CNB2007100214532A CN100425565C (en) | 2007-04-13 | 2007-04-13 | Environment-friendly type flame-proof asphalt mastic stone mixture for tunnel |
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| CN100425565C true CN100425565C (en) | 2008-10-15 |
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Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN101746996B (en) * | 2008-12-13 | 2014-02-12 | 深圳市海川实业股份有限公司 | Warm mixing and antiflaming asphalt mixture and preparation method thereof |
| CN103232189B (en) * | 2013-05-13 | 2015-03-04 | 东南大学 | Pavement material and pavement method for flame-retardant stone chips skid-resisting super overlay |
| CN104530733A (en) * | 2015-01-27 | 2015-04-22 | 浙江振阳绝热科技有限公司 | Flame-retardant asphalt mastic and preparation method thereof |
| CN104710803B (en) * | 2015-03-16 | 2018-01-02 | 山西省交通科学研究院 | A kind of asphalt flame-retardant agent of tunnel road surface |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN1482091A (en) * | 2003-07-25 | 2004-03-17 | 武汉钢铁集团冶金渣有限责任公司 | Steel scoria mastic detritus asphaltum concrete and method for preparing the same |
| CN1760279A (en) * | 2005-10-13 | 2006-04-19 | 武汉理工大学 | Method for preparing fire-fighting noise rreduced, skidproof material of road surface in tunnel |
| CN1827696A (en) * | 2005-03-04 | 2006-09-06 | 深圳市海川实业股份有限公司 | Refractory modified asphalt horse's hoofs fat crushed stones(SMA) mixtures |
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Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1482091A (en) * | 2003-07-25 | 2004-03-17 | 武汉钢铁集团冶金渣有限责任公司 | Steel scoria mastic detritus asphaltum concrete and method for preparing the same |
| CN1827696A (en) * | 2005-03-04 | 2006-09-06 | 深圳市海川实业股份有限公司 | Refractory modified asphalt horse's hoofs fat crushed stones(SMA) mixtures |
| CN1760279A (en) * | 2005-10-13 | 2006-04-19 | 武汉理工大学 | Method for preparing fire-fighting noise rreduced, skidproof material of road surface in tunnel |
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