CN100422639C - Control system for catalytic combustion - Google Patents
Control system for catalytic combustion Download PDFInfo
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- CN100422639C CN100422639C CNB2006102012418A CN200610201241A CN100422639C CN 100422639 C CN100422639 C CN 100422639C CN B2006102012418 A CNB2006102012418 A CN B2006102012418A CN 200610201241 A CN200610201241 A CN 200610201241A CN 100422639 C CN100422639 C CN 100422639C
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Abstract
The invention relates to a catalytic combustion control system, comprising fluid pre-mixed control system and PLC controller. The fluid pre-mixed control system comprises a fan connected with venturi-mixed reactor in series. Suction port at the hollow throat of venture-mixed reactor is connected with proportional regular valve and the inlet of proportional regular valve is connected with the outlet of zero-pressure valve. The zero-pressure valve is connected with needle valve in parallel. PLC controller comprises a CPU of PLC controller. By the combination technology of fluid control and PLC automatic control, in the whole fluid pre-mixed system, there is only need to control the inputting frequency of fan so as to control the outputting air quantity by the PLC control parts and different mixed concentration of gas and air demanded in the catalytic combustion process is realized. Automatic control ignition, pre-heat flaming combustion and catalytic combustion can be realized on the catalyst carrier of catalytic combustion directly. It is provided with simplified structure of catalytic combustor, decreased cubage, decreased cost, improved automaticity and control accuracy.
Description
(1) technical field
The present invention relates to the control system for catalytic combustion and the method for gas catalytic burner.
(2) background technology
Human existence and development are relying on the development and utilization of the energy, but by the negative effects such as environmental pollution that energy development and utilization bring, are also threatening the sustainable development of human existence and society day by day.As the emission SO that produces by the fossil fuel ordinary combustion
2, NOx, CO
2, CO and imperfect combustion hydrocarbon UHC, cause acid rain, photochemical fog and greenhouse effects, ecology is done great damage and is threatening human health.Solve because the problem of environmental pollution that burning causes must change the combustion system that tradition falls behind, improve efficiency of combustion, develop new burner and combustion control technology, integrated control is carried out in Air.
Catalytic combustion can fundamentally solve the low and high new technology of disposal of pollutants of efficiency of combustion that ordinary combustion is brought, and it is by catalyst, controls the combustion chemistry course of reaction under certain condition and discharges heat.Catalytic combustion can reduce activation energy, quickens necessary chemical reaction, makes harmful or unnecessary reaction be reduced to bottom line.At present natural gas catalytic combustion has realized that efficiency of combustion is higher than 99.99%, and nuisance NOx, the CO of fume emission, UHC are all less than 10 * 10
-6, this shows that catalytic combustion can control effectively to fuel completing combustion and to pollutant, be very desirable and eco-friendly combustion system.
Catalytic combustion mechanism complexity, the condition harshness must just can react under certain condition, and its core technology is catalytic component, preparation technology and catalytic combustion control technology.With methane is the catalytic combustion of the natural gas of main component, many employing ceramic honey combs are carrier, on the wall of porous honeycomb carrier, be coated with the activity washing layer of one deck porous, make its surface that forms rough porous to increase the surface area of catalytic reaction, select the rare earth material and the noble metal catalyst Pd commonly used that are fit to the natural gas high temperature catalytic combustion for use, Pt and preparation technology of coating, with catalyst cupport in the ceramic honey comb surface, again this ceramic body is installed on the catalytic burner, according to activity of such catalysts and catalytic combustion mechanism, applicating fluid and PLC control technology are controlled the overall process of catalytic combustion then.The catalytic combustion control technology is control and finishes one of necessary condition of catalyst combustion reaction, it mainly comprise air and combustion gas in needed ratio evenly mix, igniting, preheating, catalytic combustion temperature and security control etc.
Natural gas catalytic combustion is poor fuel, full premix flameless combustion, air and natural gas melting concn are about 5%, the temperature of the honeycomb ceramic body of mist by supported catalyst is greater than the initiation temperature T1 of catalyst, catalyst combustion reaction could take place, under the certain situation of combustion gas mixing concentration, the combustion power of catalytic combustion or temperature T are proportional to the normal volume flow of mist, and the upper limit of catalytic combustion temperature must be controlled at the maximum limit temperature T of catalyst below 2, so the Industrial Catalysis combustion requirements has higher automatic controlling level.The methane honeycomb ceramic catalyze burner that document was once reported (V.Dopont, F.Moallemi, A.Williamas and S.-H.Zhang, Int.J.Energy Res.2000; 24:1181-1201), and the disclosed application for a patent for invention specification of Patent Office of the People's Republic of China " catalytic combustion system " CN1173919A and " system for catalytic combustion " CN1695002A are before supported catalyst agent carrier or catalytic burner, all need a preheat burner, or the cover combustion gas mixing system that establishes in addition provides starting fluid, before the catalytic combustion, light preheat burner earlier, by the preheat burner heatable catalyst, when reaching initiation temperature Deng the temperature of catalyst, close preheat burner again, and then carry out catalytic combustion to the logical poor fuel of catalytic burner, because poor fuel can't be lighted and be burnt under normal temperature condition, therefore the catalytic combustion technology that has earlier not only makes the catalytic burner complex structure, bulky, also increased control system for catalytic combustion cost and technical difficulty.
(3) summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of control system for catalytic combustion, adopt fluid control to control the technology that combines automatically with PLC, solution is in the pre-mixing system of a cover fluid, only need control the discharge quantity of fan Qa of blower fan, realize the problem of the needed different combustion gas-air melting concn of control catalyticing combustion process by the incoming frequency f of PLC control device control blower fan; Solve igniting, preheating flaming combustion and the catalytic combustion problem of directly on the catalyst carrier of catalytic burner, realizing; Solve the automatic control problem of purging, preheating flaming combustion, catalytic combustion and safety of catalyticing combustion process simultaneously, make the structure of catalytic burner obtain simplifying, volume reduces, and cost reduces, and the automaticity and the control accuracy of control system are improved.
To achieve these goals, the present invention proposes following technical scheme:
A kind of control system for catalytic combustion is used to control the combustion reaction of catalytic burner 1, it is characterized in that: it is connected to form by fluid premix control system and PLC control device two large divisions;
Fluid premix control system comprises: venturi mixer 4 of a typhoon machine 3 series connection, be used for purging catalytic burner 1 and utilize venturi mixer 4 injection gas and carry out even premix, the air outlet of venturi mixer 4 is connected with the air inlet of catalytic burner 1, the trunnion inlet scoop of venturi mixer 4 is connected with a ratio adjusting valve 5, be used for setting the combustion gas of catalytic combustion and the premix concentration of air, the import of ratio adjusting valve 5 is connected with the outlet of a zero-pressure valve 6, be used for guaranteeing that combustion gas is near normal pressure, the import and export two ends of zero-pressure valve 6 needle-valve 7 in parallel is used for setting the light a fire best combustion gas of preheating ordinary combustion and the premix concentration of air;
The PLC control device comprises:
A PLC controller CPU 14;
One is connected and is used to control the frequency converter 15 of blower fan 3 incoming frequency f with PLC controller CPU 14 control signal outputs;
A D/A switch module 18 that connects the input of PLC controller CPU control signal output and frequency converter 15 respectively;
Temperature that is used to detect catalyst carrier, be used to control the temperature sensor 13 of constant temperature catalytic combustion;
A mould/number conversion module 17 that is connected and is connected with temperature sensor signal with PLC controller CPU signal input part;
One is connected in combustion gas and is responsible in 20, is used to the main thermoelectricity magnet valve 8 controlling combustion gas premix switch and be connected with zero-pressure valve 6;
Burnt gas switch that is used for control point firearm 11, be connected the igniter solenoid valve 9 of combustion gas arm 21:
An ignition transformer 10 that is used for igniter 11 discharge ignitings;
One places near the igniter, is used for the ultraviolet ray probe 12 whether judging point firearm 11 and catalyst carrier 2 are lighted;
A visible-light detector 16 that places catalyst carrier 2 the place aheads and be connected with PLC controller CPU 14 signals;
A text display that is connected with PLC controller CPU 14 signals.
A kind of catalytic combustion control method of using above-mentioned control system for catalytic combustion: by the incoming frequency of PLC controller CPU 14 by frequency converter 15 control blower fans 3, the incoming frequency of blower fan 3 is directly proportional with the air mass flow Qa of output, when air passes through the nozzle of venturi mixer 4, around nozzle, form the negative pressure injection gas, by the combustion gas of injection one by zero-pressure valve 6, the combustion gas normal flow by zero-pressure valve 6 becomes geometric ratio to concern with the standard air flow of injection gas; Another burst combustion gas is by the needle-valve 7 in parallel with zero-pressure valve 6, standard gas flow substantially constant by needle-valve 7, after merging, two bursts of combustion gas enter hybrid chamber and the divergent segment and the even premix of air of venturi through ratio adjusting valve 5, combustion gas is relevant by the Reynolds number or the flow of Venturi nozzle with the premix concentration Qg/Qg+Qa and the air of air, when Reynolds number hour, combustion gas and Air mixing concentration are higher, increase gradually along with Reynolds number, combustion gas and Air mixing concentration can reduce gradually, after Reynolds number is greater than a value, combustion gas and Air mixing concentration no longer change with the increase of Reynolds number, referring to Fig. 3 and Fig. 5, fluid mixes the Reynolds number of control and relation and the output frequency of frequency converter and the relation of combustion gas mixing concentration Qg/Qg+Qa of combustion gas mixing concentration according to the present invention, incoming frequency by control blower fan 3, control igniting respectively, preheating, different combustion gas that catalytic combustion is required and air melting concn, and in catalytic combustion stage control catalytic combustion power or temperature.
The catalytic combustion control method of the above-mentioned control system for catalytic combustion of this application is characterized in that step is as follows:
Step 1: the operation beginning, PLC controller CPU 14 starts blower fan 3 by frequency converter 15.
Step 2: preceding purging, constantly increase by frequency converter 15 control blower fan frequencies, the incoming frequency f of frequency converter 15 is directly proportional with the output flow Qa of blower fan 3, and air enters catalytic burner 1 by venturi mixer 4 and finishes preceding purging; In step 2, the increment of frequency converter frequency is 0.1～1Hz/S.
Step 3: igniter igniting, after preceding purging is finished, PLC controller CPU 14 reduces by the incoming frequency of frequency converter 15 with blower fan 3, and conducting ignition transformer 10 discharge sparkings, open igniter solenoid valve 9 simultaneously, combustion gas is by combustion gas arm 21 inlet point firearms 11, and igniter 11 is lighted, if igniter 11 is not lighted, then close igniter solenoid valve 9.
In step 3, connect in 8 seconds at ignition transformer 10, whether put and catch fire by the ultraviolet ray 12 judging point firearms 11 of popping one's head in, when point catches fire, the main thermoelectricity magnet valve 8 of PLC controller CPU 14 orders is opened, and through ratio adjusting valve 5, is mixed by the air ejection of venturi mixer 4 after combustion gas converges by needle-valve 7 and zero-pressure valve 6, evenly premixed gas enters catalytic burner 1, is lighted by igniter 11 by catalyst carrier 2; After catalytic burner 1 is lighted, PLC controller CPU 14 by frequency converter 15 with blower fan
Incoming frequency improves, and close igniter solenoid valve 9 this moment, and catalyst carrier 2 is in the ordinary combustion warm-up phase.
Step 4: catalytic burner igniting, after igniter 11 is lighted, open main thermoelectricity magnet valve 8, combustion gas from combustion gas be responsible for 20 converge by zero-pressure valve 6 and needle-valve 7 after, passing ratio control valve 5 enters venturi mixer 4 evenly to be mixed with air, combustion gas and Air mixing concentration are slightly larger than the UEL of combustion gas, and combustion gas mixing gas enters catalytic burner 1, are lighted by igniter 11 during by catalyst carrier 2; If catalyst carrier 2 is not lighted, then can close main thermoelectricity magnet valve 8, blower fan 3 carries out post-purge, again igniting.
Step 5: preheating, light a fire successfully after, increase the frequency of blower fan 3, after frequency reached preheating control point frequency, combustion gas and Air mixing concentration were slightly less than combustion gas theoretically complete combustion concentration, and it is constant to keep pre-heat frequency, close igniter solenoid valve 9, catalyst carrier 2 is in the ordinary combustion warm-up phase.
Step 6: initiation temperature detects, if the detected temperatures of temperature sensor 13 is lower than the initiation temperature of catalyst, it is constant to keep preheating control point frequency, continue the ordinary combustion preheating, along with preheat temperature raises gradually, when reaching initiation temperature, increase blower fan 3 frequencies, arrive catalytic combustion until frequency and stablize initial frequency or set the pairing frequency of catalytic combustion temperature.
Step 7: design temperature is judged, make blower fan keep the pairing frequency of temperature that catalytic combustion is stablized initial frequency or setting by control system for catalytic combustion, if ignition temperature is lower than design temperature, then increase the blower fan controlled frequency, if ignition temperature is higher than design temperature, then reduce the blower fan controlled frequency, the increment of blower fan control increase and decrease frequency is 0.01～1Hz/s; In step 7,, carry out design temperature and judge by the design temperature of temperature sensor 13 detection catalyst carriers 2.
Step 8: catalytic combustion control, after burning enters the catalytic combustion section, repeating step 7, the frequency of increase and decrease blower fan, control system for catalytic combustion control constant temperature catalytic combustion automatically between the initiation temperature of catalyst and maximum limit temperature.
Step 9: stop or misfire detection,,, then can enter step 10, if not, then return step 7 if manual command is flame-out or catalyst carrier 2 failure and other reasons are flame-out in the catalytic combustion stabilization sub stage; In step 9, stop or misfire detection in the catalytic combustion stage by visible-light detector 16.
Step 10: close main thermoelectricity magnet valve 8, blower fan enters step 11 after purging catalytic burner 1.
Step 11: finish, blower fan stops.
Beneficial effect of the present invention: see also Fig. 3, existing venturi is grabbed zero-pressure valve hybrid technology, the equal proportion premixed gas can only be provided, the present invention can provide the premixed gas of continuous different proportion on demand, satisfies the combustion gas of igniting, preheating ordinary combustion, catalytic combustion and the specific (special) requirements of the different melting concns of air.The present invention is at the other needle-valve in parallel of zero-pressure valve, be used for setting its gas flow of flowing through, when air mass flow Qa or reynolds number Re hour, the combustion gas of one and air mass flow equal proportion is by the zero-pressure valve, needle-valve is passed through in the combustion gas of flows such as another strand, entering venturi through ratio adjusting valve after two bursts of combustion gas converge mixes with air, this moment, air and combustion gas mixing concentration were higher, raising gradually along with air mass flow Qa or reynolds number Re, the melting concn of air and combustion gas can level and smooth gradually decline, after Reynolds number was greater than a value, the melting concn of air and combustion gas was a constant, no longer increased with Reynolds number to change.Therefore by the flow Qa or the Reynolds number of control blower fan, just can reach needed igniting, preheating ordinary combustion, the different air and the mixing ratio of combustion gas of catalytic combustion, the while is controlled combustion power or ignition temperature in the catalytic combustion section.
For the structure that makes catalytic burner obtains simplifying, volume reduces, the automaticity and the control accuracy of control system are improved, the present invention adopts fluid control to control the technology that combines automatically with PLC, a kind of fluid premix control system is provided, it comprises: a blower fan is used for purging and providing the combustion gas premix needed air; A venturi mixer of contacting with blower fan; A ratio adjusting valve that is connected with venturi mixer, a zero-pressure valve and a needle-valve in parallel with the zero-pressure valve, be used for controlling the mixing ratio of air and combustion gas jointly, when air (Qa) passes through the nozzle of venturi mixer, around nozzle, form negative pressure and injection gas (Qg), one passes through the zero-pressure valve by the combustion gas of injection, another strand is by the needle-valve in parallel with the zero-pressure valve, two bursts of combustion gas converge back passing ratio control valve and enter venturi mixer and mix at hybrid chamber and divergent segment with air, after uniform mixing gas mixture entered the catalytic burner rectification, the honeycomb ceramic carrier by supported catalyst was an incendivity again.(Qg/ (Qa+Qg) is relevant with the air reynolds number Re of Venturi nozzle for the mixing ratio of air of the present invention and combustion gas or combustion gas mixing concentration, and this reynolds number Re is the function R e ∝ f (Qa) of air mass flow Qa, in other words, as long as controlled air mass flow Qa, just can control combustion gas mixing concentration and combustion gas and Air mixing gas total flow.
The present invention adopts fluid control to control the technology that combines automatically with PLC, its PLC control system is made up of one group of programmable controller and a frequency converter, can finish following five functions: the incoming frequency f that 1. is used for controlling blower fan controls the output flow Qa of blower fan, thereby reaches purging, combustion gas mixing concentration and combustion power or temperature controlling; 2. be used for controlling opening or closing of gas electromagnetic valve; 3. be used for the opening or closing of control point firearm transformer; 4. differentiate temperature by temperature sensor, the control catalyticing combustion process; 5. judge igniting, flame-out and security control by ultraviolet ray probe and visible light detector.
The present invention only must be provided with the pre-mixing system of a cover combustion gas, control the discharge quantity of fan Qa of blower fan by the incoming frequency f of control blower fan, can realize the needed different blended composition and division in a proportion of catalytic combustion, only in the pre-mixing system of a cover combustion gas, can realize directly realizing igniting, flaming combustion preheating and catalytic combustion on the catalyst carrier at catalytic burner.Solved catalytic burner complex structure, bulky, the high and big technical problem of technical difficulty of control system for catalytic combustion cost need not as existing catalytic burner a preheat burner and the pre-mixing system of two cover combustion gas to be set.Therefore the present invention makes the structure of catalytic burner obtain simplifying, and volume reduces, and the automaticity of control system and control accuracy are improved, and cost significantly reduces, and especially is fit to the control of industrial high power gas catalytic burner.
(4) description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of control system for catalytic combustion of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of catalytic combustion programmable controller and controlled device relation.
Fig. 3 is the curve synoptic diagram of prior art and the contrast of the technology of the present invention effect.
Fig. 4 is the output frequency f of expression frequency converter and the linear curve map of output flow Qa of blower fan.
Fig. 5 is the curve map that the control of output frequency f and the combustion gas mixing concentration of expression frequency converter of the present invention concerns.
Fig. 6 is a catalytic combustion control flowchart of the present invention.
The 1-catalytic burner; 2-supported catalyst agent carrier; The 3-blower fan; The 4-venturi mixer; The 5-ratio adjusting valve; 6-zero-pressure valve; The 7-needle-valve; 8-master's thermoelectricity magnet valve; The 9-igniter solenoid valve; The 10-ignition transformer; The 11-igniter; 12-ultraviolet ray probe; The 13-temperature sensor.The 14-PLC controller CPU; The 15-frequency converter; The 16-visible-light detector; 17-mould/number conversion module; 18-D/A switch module; The 19-text display; The 20-combustion gas is responsible for; 21-combustion gas arm.
F-blower fan incoming frequency, f1-IGNITION CONTROL frequency, f2-preheated burning controlled frequency, f3-catalytic combustion are stablized initial frequency, f4-maximum temperature controlled frequency, fb-and are purged controlled frequency.L1-igniting combustion gas premix concentration, L2-preheating ordinary combustion combustion gas premix concentration, L3-catalytic combustion combustion gas premix concentration.The normal air flow of Qa-blower fan output, the combustion gas normal flow of Qg-premix.T1 one ignition temperature, T2-maximum limit temperature, Tc-set ignition temperature.
(5) specific embodiment
Referring to Fig. 1, Fig. 2, control system for catalytic combustion of the present invention is connected to form by fluid premix control system and PLC control device two large divisions.
Fluid premix control system comprises; Venturi mixer 4 of one typhoon machine, 3 series connection, be used for purging catalytic burner 1 and utilize venturi mixer 4 injection gas and carry out even premix, the air outlet of venturi mixer 4 is connected with the air inlet of catalytic burner 1, the trunnion inlet scoop of venturi mixer 4 is connected with a ratio adjusting valve 5, be used for setting catalytic combustion stage best combustion gas premix concentration, the import of ratio adjusting valve 5 is connected with the outlet of a zero-pressure valve 6, be used for guaranteeing to enter the combustion gas of ratio adjusting valve 5 near normal pressure, the import and export two ends of zero-pressure valve 6 needle-valve 7 in parallel is used for setting the best combustion gas premix concentration of preheating flaming combustion of lighting a fire.
The PLC control device comprises:
A PLC controller CPU 14 has memory characteristics, I/O characteristic, integrated communication function, power supply characteristic, digital quantity input-output characteristic, model S7-200 for example, CPU244.
One is connected and is used to control the frequency converter 15 of blower fan 3 incoming frequency f with PLC controller CPU 14 control signal outputs.
A D/A switch module 18 that connects the input of PLC controller CPU 14 control signal outputs and frequency converter 15 respectively, the model of module is EM232 for example.
A temperature sensor 13 that is used to detect the temperature of supported catalyst agent carrier.
A mould/number conversion module 17 that is connected and is connected with PLC controller CPU 14 signal input parts with temperature sensor 13 signals, the model of module is EM235 for example.
One is connected in combustion gas and is responsible in 20, is used to the main thermoelectricity magnet valve 8 controlling combustion gas premix switch and be connected with zero-pressure valve 6.
Burnt gas switch that is used for control point firearm 11, be connected the igniter solenoid valve 9 of combustion gas arm 21.
An ignition transformer 10 that is used for igniter 11 discharge ignitings.
One places near the igniter, is used for the ultraviolet ray probe 12 whether judging point firearm 11 and supported catalyst agent carrier 2 are lighted.
A visible-light detector 16 that places supported catalyst agent carrier 2 the place aheads and be connected with PLC controller CPU 14 signals.
A text display 19 that is connected with PLC controller CPU 14 signals is used for parameter setting, duty and data and shows, for example model TD-200.
A kind of catalytic combustion control method of using above-mentioned control system for catalytic combustion: by the incoming frequency f of PLC controller CPU 14 by frequency converter 15 control blower fans 3, the incoming frequency f of blower fan 3 is directly proportional with the air mass flow Qa of output, when air passes through the nozzle of venturi mixer 4, around nozzle, form the negative pressure injection gas, by the combustion gas of injection one by zero-pressure valve 6, the combustion gas normal flow by zero-pressure valve 6 becomes geometric ratio to concern with the standard air flow of injection gas; Another burst combustion gas is by the needle-valve 7 in parallel with zero-pressure valve 6, standard gas flow substantially constant by needle-valve 7, after merging, two bursts of combustion gas enter hybrid chamber and the divergent segment and the even premix of air of venturi through ratio adjusting valve 5, combustion gas is relevant by the Reynolds number or the flow of Venturi nozzle with the premix concentration Qg/Qg+Qa and the air of air, when Reynolds number hour, combustion gas and Air mixing concentration are higher, increase gradually along with Reynolds number, combustion gas and Air mixing concentration can reduce gradually, after Reynolds number is greater than a value, combustion gas and Air mixing concentration no longer change with the increase of Reynolds number, referring to Fig. 3 and Fig. 5, fluid mixes the Reynolds number of control and relation and the output frequency f of frequency converter and the relation of combustion gas mixing concentration Qg/Qg+Qa of combustion gas mixing concentration according to the present invention, incoming frequency by control blower fan 3, control igniting respectively, preheating, different combustion gas that catalytic combustion is required and air melting concn, and in catalytic combustion stage control catalytic combustion power or temperature.
Referring to Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 5 and Fig. 6, catalytic combustion control method of the present invention adopts fluid control to control the technology that combines automatically with PLC, and it is as follows that it specifically controls step:
Step 1: by text 19 setup parameters such as temperature, send operating instruction before the operation, PLC controller CPU 14 starts blower fan 3 by frequency converter 15.
Step 2: preceding purging, by the incoming frequency that D/A switch module 18 is regulated the output frequency control blower fan of frequency converter 15, frequency is increased to fb by 0, and it is constant to keep frequency f b, and air enters catalytic burner 1 by venturi mixer 4, finishes preceding purging.
Step 3: igniter igniting, after preceding purging is finished, PLC controller CPU 14 is reduced to f1 with the incoming frequency of blower fan 3 by fb by frequency converter 15, and the increment that frequency is successively decreased is 0.1～1Hz/s, keeps frequency f 1, and conducting ignition transformer 10 discharge sparkings, open igniter solenoid valve 9 simultaneously, combustion gas is by combustion gas arm 21 inlet point firearms 11, and igniter 11 is lighted, if igniter 11 is not lighted, then close igniter solenoid valve 9.
The present invention connects in 8 seconds at ignition transformer 10, by ultraviolet ray pop one's head in 12 judging point firearms 11 whether put catch fire after, when point catches fire, the main thermoelectricity magnet valve 8 of PLC controller CPU 14 orders is opened, after combustion gas converges by needle-valve 7 and zero-pressure valve 6 through ratio adjusting valve 5, mixed by the air ejection of venturi mixer 4, evenly premixed gas enters catalytic burner 1, is lighted by igniter 11 by catalyst carrier 2; After catalytic burner 1 is lighted, PLC controller CPU 14 improves f2 with the incoming frequency of blower fan by f1 by frequency converter 15, and the increment that frequency increases is 0.01～1Hz/s, keeps frequency f 2, catalyst carrier 2 is in the ordinary combustion warm-up phase, closes igniter solenoid valve 9 this moment.
Step 4: catalytic burner igniting, after igniter 11 is lighted, open main thermoelectricity magnet valve 8, combustion gas from combustion gas be responsible for 20 converge by zero-pressure valve 6 and needle-valve 7 after, passing ratio control valve 5 enters venturi mixer 4 evenly to be mixed with air, combustion gas and Air mixing concentration L1 are slightly larger than the explosion ratio upper limit of combustion gas, and combustion gas mixing gas enters catalytic burner 1, is lighted by igniter 11 during by catalyst carrier 2; If catalyst carrier 2 is not lighted, then can close main thermoelectricity magnet valve 8, blower fan 3 carries out post-purge, again igniting.
Step 5: preheating, after lighting a fire successfully, increase the frequency of blower fan 3, after frequency reaches preheating control point frequency f 2, combustion gas and Air mixing concentration are slightly less than combustion gas theoretically complete combustion concentration L2, it is constant to keep frequency, closes igniter solenoid valve 9, and catalyst carrier 2 is in common flaming combustion warm-up phase.
Step 6: initiation temperature detects, if the detected temperatures of temperature sensor 13 is lower than the initiation temperature t1 of catalyst, it is constant to keep preheating control point frequency f 2, continue preheated burning, along with preheat temperature raises gradually, when reaching initiation temperature t1, increase blower fan 3 frequencies, arrive catalytic combustion until frequency and stablize initial frequency f3 or setting catalytic combustion temperature T d (the pairing frequency f d of T2＞Td 〉=T1).
Step 7: design temperature is judged, make blower fan keep the pairing frequency f d of temperature t c that catalytic combustion is stablized initial frequency f3 or setting by the PLC control system, if the ignition temperature that temperature sensor 13 detects catalyst carrier 2 is lower than design temperature, then increase the blower fan controlled frequency, if ignition temperature is higher than design temperature, then reduce the blower fan controlled frequency, the increment of blower fan control increase and decrease frequency is 0.01～1Hz/s.
Step 8: catalytic combustion control, burning enters catalytic combustion after the stabilization sub stage, and repeating step 7 is judged by temperature, and the frequency of increase and decrease blower fan makes catalytic burner 1 automatic control constant temperature catalytic combustion between initiation temperature t1 and maximum limit temperature t 2.
Step 9: stop or misfire detection, in the catalytic combustion stabilization sub stage, if order is flame-out or visible-light detector 16 to detect catalyst carrier 2 flame-out, then can enter step 10, if not, then return step 7.
Step 10: close main thermoelectricity magnet valve 8, blower fan enters step 11 after purging catalytic burner 1.
Step 11: finish, blower fan stops.
The selection of control parameter is relevant with the combustion power of burner, and embodiment is as follows:
IGNITION CONTROL frequency range f1=5～10Hz;
Preheated burning frequency range f2=11～19Hz;
Catalytic combustion section controlled frequency scope f3-f4 is 20～50Hz;
Purge frequency f 4＞fb 〉=f3;
The catalyst initiation temperature is relevant with catalytic component, t1=360～600 ℃;
2=1160 ℃ of the highest control temperature t of catalyst;
Normal temperature t0=40～50 ℃.
The operation control procedure of catalytic burner 1:
PLC controller CPU 14 sends instruction, start blower fan 3 by frequency converter 15, regulate the air quantity Qa of the output frequency control blower fan 3 of frequency converter 15 by EM232 module 18, starting frequency is increased to gradually from 0 and purges frequency f b (f4＞fb 〉=f3), the increment that frequency converter frequency increases is 0.1～1Hz/S, and blower fan is kept frequency f b, air enters in the catalytic burner 1 by venturi mixer 4, finishes preceding purging.
After preceding purging is finished, PLC controller CPU 14 is regulated the output frequency f of frequency converter 15 by EM232 module 18, the incoming frequency of blower fan is dropped to f1 by fb, reduce the flow of blower fan, the increment that frequency converter frequency reduces is 0.1～1Hz/S, and PLC controller CPU 14 sends the ignition signal instruction then, the 10 discharge sparkings of conducting ignition transformer, PLC controller CPU 14 sends signal and opens igniter solenoid valve 9 simultaneously, makes one gas-flow through igniter 11 places, and combustion gas is met ignition transformer 10 sparkings and lighted; When ignition transformer 10 begins to strike sparks, ultraviolet ray probe 12 begins igniter 11 is detected simultaneously, if ultraviolet ray probe 12 test point firearms 11 are not lighted in 8 seconds, PLC controller CPU 14 will stop ignition transformer 10 discharges, turn-off igniter solenoid valve 9 simultaneously.
After ultraviolet ray probe 12 judging point firearms 11 are lighted, igniter 11 sustained combustions, the main thermoelectricity magnet valve 8 of PLC controller CPU 14 controls is simultaneously opened, and through ratio adjusting valve 5, enters venturi mixer 4 and mixes with air after combustion gas converges by needle-valve 7 and zero-pressure valve 6 respectively.With reference to Fig. 5, the 1 pairing combustion gas of blower fan frequency f and the Air mixing concentration of igniting are L1 (for natural gas, about L1=17%), and uniform mixing gas mixture enters catalytic burner 1, are lighted by igniter 11 during honeycomb ceramic carrier 2 by supported catalyst; If the honeycomb ceramic carrier 2 that ultraviolet ray probe 12 detects supported catalyst is not lighted, PLC controller 15 will turn-off main thermoelectricity magnet valve 8, and carry out post-purge, close blower fan after several minutes, wait to be checked or igniting again.
After the ultraviolet ray probe 12 judging point pyrogene merits, PLC controller CPU 14 is regulated the incoming frequency f that frequency converter 15 increases blower fan by EM232 module 18, improve the air mass flow Qa of blower fan, the increment that frequency converter frequency increases is 0.01～1Hz/S, when the incoming frequency of frequency converter reaches f2, corresponding combustion gas mixing concentration is that L2 is (for natural gas, about L2=10%), it is constant to keep frequency converter frequency f2, close igniter solenoid valve 9 simultaneously, catalyst carrier 2 is in the ordinary combustion warm-up phase, and temperature raises gradually, and the preheat temperature that detects catalyst carrier 2 when temperature sensor 13 reaches the initiation temperature t of catalyst
1The time, PLC controller CPU 14 is regulated frequency converter 15 by EM232 module 18, the incoming frequency f of control blower fan, frequency is increased to f3 or fd (f4＞fd 〉=f3) by f2, corresponding combustion gas and Air mixing concentration are that L3 is (for natural gas, about L3=5%), the increment that frequency converter frequency increases is 0.01～1Hz/S, catalytic burner enters the catalytic combustion stage, in the catalytic combustion stage, increase the incoming frequency of blower fan, combustion gas mixing concentration is constant substantially, but combustion power increases or ignition temperature increases.
In the catalytic combustion stage, PLC controller CPU 14 judges by temperature sensor 13 and mould/number conversion module 17 whether catalyst carrier 2 reaches setting ignition temperature tc, if be higher or lower than design temperature, PLC controller CPU 14 subtracts or increases the blower fan frequency by D/A conversion module 18 and frequency converter 15 control blower fans and controls the catalytic combustion temperature, reaches constant temperature combustion.
In the catalytic combustion stage, if artificial order is flame-out or visible-light detector 16 detect catalytic carrier 2 flame-out after, PLC controller CPU 14 will be closed main thermoelectricity magnet valve 8, and carry out post purge, when the temperature of temperature sensor 13 detection catalyst carriers 2 reaches normal temperature T0, PLC controller CPU 14 will send instruction and stop blower fan 3 operations.
The foregoing description is that natural gas catalytic combustion is described at combustion gas, but the invention is not restricted to the foregoing description.The present invention is fit to all types of combustion gas catalytic combustion controls, as coal bed gas, biogas, coal gas, oil liquefied gas, thermal cracking oil gas, catalytic pyrolysis oil gas etc.Only need according to different gas components, select the catalyst and corresponding igniting combustion gas mixing concentration L1 (being slightly larger than the gas explosion upper limit of concentration), preheating ordinary combustion combustion gas mixing concentration L2 (being slightly less than theoretically complete combustion concentration) and the catalytic combustion combustion gas mixing concentration L3 (best catalytic combustion concentration) that are fit to this gas component for use, reset the aperture of ratio adjusting valve 5 and needle-valve 7, can reach the purpose of catalytic combustion control by control system for catalytic combustion of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. a control system for catalytic combustion is used to control the combustion reaction of catalytic burner (1), it is characterized in that: it is connected to form by fluid premix control system and PLC control device two large divisions;
Fluid premix control system comprises: a typhoon machine (a 3) series connection venturi mixer (4), be used for purging catalytic burner (1) and utilize venturi mixer (4) injection gas and carry out even premix, the air outlet of venturi mixer (4) is connected with the air inlet of catalytic burner (1), the trunnion inlet scoop of venturi mixer (4) is connected with a ratio adjusting valve (5), be used for setting best combustion gas of catalytic combustion stage-air pre-mixing concentration, the import of ratio adjusting valve (5) is connected with the outlet of a zero-pressure valve (6), be used for guaranteeing that combustion gas is near normal pressure, the import and export two ends of zero-pressure valve (a 6) needle-valve (7) in parallel is used for setting the best combustion gas-air pre-mixing concentration of preheating flaming phase of lighting a fire;
The PLC control device comprises:
A PLC controller CPU (14);
One is connected and is used to control the frequency converter (15) of blower fan (3) incoming frequency f with PLC controller CPU (14) control signal output;
A D/A switch module (18) that connects the input of PLC controller CPU (14) control signal output and frequency converter (15) respectively;
Temperature that is used to detect catalyst carrier, be used to control the temperature sensor (13) of constant temperature catalytic combustion;
A mould/number conversion module (17) that is connected and is connected with temperature sensor (13) signal with PLC controller CPU (14) signal input part;
One is connected in combustion gas and is responsible in (20), is used to the main thermoelectricity magnet valve (8) controlling combustion gas premix switch and be connected with zero-pressure valve (6);
Switch that is used for control point firearm (11), be connected the igniter solenoid valve (9) of combustion gas arm (21);
An ignition transformer (10) that is used for igniter (11) discharge igniting;
One places near the igniter, is used for ultraviolet ray that whether judging point firearm (11) and catalyst carrier (2) lighted pop one's head in (12);
A visible-light detector (16) that places catalyst carrier (2) the place ahead and be connected with PLC controller CPU (14) signal;
A text display that is connected with PLC controller CPU (14) signal.
2. control system for catalytic combustion according to claim 1 is characterized in that: said catalyst carrier (2) is honeycomb ceramic carrier or metallic carrier, and catalyst in load on the carrier.
3. an application rights requires the catalytic combustion control method of 1 described control system for catalytic combustion, it is characterized in that: by the incoming frequency of PLC controller CPU (14) by frequency converter (15) control blower fan (3), the incoming frequency of blower fan (3) is directly proportional with the air mass flow of output, when air passes through the nozzle of venturi mixer (4), around nozzle, form the negative pressure injection gas, by the combustion gas of injection one by zero-pressure valve (6), the combustion gas normal flow by zero-pressure valve (6) becomes geometric ratio to concern with the standard air flow of injection gas; Another burst combustion gas is by the needle-valve (7) in parallel with zero-pressure valve (6), standard gas flow substantially constant by needle-valve (7), after merging, two bursts of combustion gas enter hybrid chamber and the divergent segment and the even premix of air of venturi through ratio adjusting valve (5), combustion gas is relevant by the Reynolds number or the flow of Venturi nozzle with the premix concentration and the air of air, when Reynolds number hour, combustion gas and Air mixing concentration are bigger, increase gradually along with Reynolds number, combustion gas and Air mixing concentration reduce gradually, after Reynolds number is greater than a value, combustion gas and Air mixing concentration no longer change with the increase of Reynolds number, mix the Reynolds number of control and the relation of combustion gas mixing concentration according to fluid, incoming frequency by control blower fan (3), control igniting respectively, preheating, different combustion gas that catalytic combustion is required and air melting concn, and in catalytic combustion stage control catalytic combustion power or temperature.
4. an application rights requires the catalytic combustion control method of 1 described control system for catalytic combustion, it is characterized in that step is as follows:
Step 1: the operation beginning, PLC controller CPU (14) starts blower fan (3) by frequency converter (15);
Step 2: preceding purging, be increased to the purging frequency by frequency converter (15) control blower fan frequency, the incoming frequency of frequency converter (15) is directly proportional with the output flow of blower fan (3), and air enters catalytic burner (1) by venturi mixer (4), finishes preceding purging;
Step 3: igniter igniting, after preceding purging is finished, PLC controller CPU (14) is reduced to spark rate by frequency converter (15) with the incoming frequency of blower fan (3), and conducting ignition transformer (10) discharge sparking, open igniter solenoid valve (9) simultaneously, combustion gas is by combustion gas arm (21) inlet point firearm (11), and igniter (11) is lighted, if igniter (11) is not lighted, then close igniter solenoid valve (9);
Step 4: catalytic burner igniting, after igniter (11) is lighted, open main thermoelectricity magnet valve (8), after combustion gas converges by zero-pressure valve (6) and needle-valve (7) from the combustion gas person in charge (20), passing ratio control valve (5) enters venturi mixer (4) evenly to be mixed with air, combustion gas and Air mixing concentration are slightly larger than the explosion ratio upper limit of combustion gas, and combustion gas mixing gas enters catalytic burner (1), are lighted by igniter (11) during by catalyst carrier (2); If catalyst carrier (2) is not lighted, then can close main thermoelectricity magnet valve (8), blower fan (3) carries out post-purge, again igniting;
Step 5: preheating, after lighting a fire successfully, increase the frequency of blower fan (3), after frequency reaches preheating control point frequency, combustion gas and Air mixing concentration are slightly less than combustion gas theoretically complete combustion concentration, it is constant to keep pre-heat frequency, closes igniter solenoid valve (9), and catalyst carrier (2) is in the ordinary combustion warm-up phase;
Step 6: initiation temperature detects, if the detected temperatures of temperature sensor (13) is lower than the initiation temperature of catalyst, it is constant to keep preheating control point frequency, continue the ordinary combustion preheating, along with preheat temperature raises gradually, when reaching initiation temperature, increase blower fan (3) frequency, arrive catalytic combustion until frequency and stablize initial frequency or set the pairing frequency of catalytic combustion temperature;
Step 7: design temperature is judged, make blower fan keep the pairing frequency of temperature that catalytic combustion is stablized initial frequency or setting by the PLC control system, if detecting ignition temperature, temperature sensor (13) is lower than design temperature, then increase the blower fan controlled frequency, if ignition temperature is higher than design temperature, then reduce the blower fan controlled frequency, the increment of blower fan control increase and decrease frequency is 0.01～1Hz/s;
Step 8: catalytic combustion control, burning enters catalytic combustion after the stage, and repeating step 7 is judged by temperature, and the frequency of increase and decrease blower fan makes catalytic burner (1) automatic control constant temperature catalytic combustion between initiation temperature and maximum limit temperature;
Step 9: stop or misfire detection, in the catalytic combustion stabilization sub stage, if order is flame-out or visible-light detector (16) to detect catalyst carrier (2) flame-out, then can enter step 10, if not, then return step 7;
Step 10: close main thermoelectricity magnet valve (8), blower fan enters step 11 after purging catalytic burner (1);
Step 11: finish, blower fan stops.
5. catalytic combustion control method according to claim 4 is characterized in that: in step 2, the frequency increment that frequency converter increases is 0.1～1Hz/s.
6. whether catalytic combustion control method according to claim 4 is characterized in that: in step 3, connect in 8 seconds at ignition transformer (10), put by ultraviolet ray probe (12) judging point firearm (11) and catch fire.
7. catalytic combustion control method according to claim 4 is characterized in that: in step 7, by the preheat temperature or the catalytic combustion temperature of temperature sensor (13) detection catalyst carrier (2), carry out temperature and judge.
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| CNB2006102012418A CN100422639C (en) | 2006-12-08 | 2006-12-08 | Control system for catalytic combustion |
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| CNB2006102012418A CN100422639C (en) | 2006-12-08 | 2006-12-08 | Control system for catalytic combustion |
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| CN100422639C true CN100422639C (en) | 2008-10-01 |
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| CNB2006102012418A Expired - Fee Related CN100422639C (en) | 2006-12-08 | 2006-12-08 | Control system for catalytic combustion |
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