CN100422639C - Catalytic combustion control system - Google Patents

Catalytic combustion control system Download PDF

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CN100422639C
CN100422639C CNB2006102012418A CN200610201241A CN100422639C CN 100422639 C CN100422639 C CN 100422639C CN B2006102012418 A CNB2006102012418 A CN B2006102012418A CN 200610201241 A CN200610201241 A CN 200610201241A CN 100422639 C CN100422639 C CN 100422639C
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combustion
temperature
catalytic
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CN1971135A (en
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周琦
王燕京
张世红
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Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture
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Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture
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一种催化燃烧控制系统,由流体预混控制系统和PLC控制器件两大部分连接组成,流体预混控制系统包括一台串联文丘里混合器的风机,文丘里混合器的喉管吸风口与比例调节阀连接,比例调节阀的进口与零压阀的出口连接,零压阀并联针阀,PLC控制器件包括一个PLC控制器CPU。采用流体控制与PLC自动控制相结合的技术,在一套流体预混系统中,只需通过PLC控制器件控制风机的输入频率来控制风机的输出风量,实现控制催化燃烧过程所需要的不同的燃气-空气混合浓度;可直接在催化燃烧器的催化剂载体上实现自动控制点火、预热有焰燃烧和催化燃烧;简化了催化燃烧器的结构,减小了体积,降低了成本,提高了自动化程度和控制精度。

Figure 200610201241

A catalytic combustion control system, which is composed of a fluid premix control system and a PLC control device. The fluid premix control system includes a fan with a Venturi mixer connected in series, and the throat suction port of the Venturi mixer is proportional to the The regulating valve is connected, the inlet of the proportional regulating valve is connected with the outlet of the zero pressure valve, the zero pressure valve is connected in parallel with the needle valve, and the PLC control device includes a PLC controller CPU. Using the combination of fluid control and PLC automatic control technology, in a fluid premixing system, only need to control the input frequency of the fan through the PLC control device to control the output air volume of the fan, so as to realize the control of different gas required for the catalytic combustion process -Air mixed concentration; automatic control ignition, preheating flame combustion and catalytic combustion can be realized directly on the catalyst carrier of the catalytic burner; the structure of the catalytic burner is simplified, the volume is reduced, the cost is reduced, and the degree of automation is improved and control accuracy.

Figure 200610201241

Description

催化燃烧控制系统 Catalytic combustion control system

(一)技术领域 (1) Technical field

本发明涉及燃气催化燃烧器的催化燃烧控制系统和方法。The invention relates to a catalytic combustion control system and method of a gas catalytic burner.

(二)背景技术 (2) Background technology

人类的生存和发展依赖着能源的开发和利用,但由能源开发和利用带来的环境污染等负面影响,也日益威胁着人类的生存和社会的可持续发展。如由矿物燃料普通燃烧产生的排放物SO2、NOx、CO2、CO和未完全燃烧的碳氢化合物UHC,造成酸雨、光化学烟雾和温室效应,对生态造成严重破坏并威胁着人类健康。要解决由于燃烧造成的环境污染问题,必须改变传统落后的燃烧方式,提高燃烧效率,开发研制新的燃烧器和燃烧控制技术,对燃烧污染进行综合防治。The survival and development of human beings depend on the development and utilization of energy, but the negative effects such as environmental pollution brought about by the development and utilization of energy are increasingly threatening the survival of human beings and the sustainable development of society. For example, the emissions of SO 2 , NOx, CO 2 , CO and incompletely burned hydrocarbons UHC produced by common combustion of fossil fuels cause acid rain, photochemical smog and greenhouse effect, causing serious damage to the ecology and threatening human health. To solve the problem of environmental pollution caused by combustion, it is necessary to change the traditional and backward combustion methods, improve combustion efficiency, develop new burners and combustion control technologies, and carry out comprehensive prevention and control of combustion pollution.

催化燃烧能从根本上解决普通燃烧带来的燃烧效率低和污染排放高的新技术,它是借助催化剂,在一定条件下控制燃烧化学反应过程并释放出热量。催化燃烧能降低活化能,加速必要的化学反应,使有害的或不必要的反应降低到最低限度。目前天然气催化燃烧已实现燃烧效率高于99.99%,而烟气排放的有害物NOx、CO、UHC均小于10×10-6,由此可见,催化燃烧能对燃料完全燃烧并对污染物进行有效控制,是非常理想和环境友好的燃烧方式。Catalytic combustion is a new technology that can fundamentally solve the low combustion efficiency and high pollution emissions caused by ordinary combustion. It uses catalysts to control the combustion chemical reaction process and release heat under certain conditions. Catalytic combustion can reduce activation energy, accelerate necessary chemical reactions, and minimize harmful or unnecessary reactions. At present, the catalytic combustion of natural gas has achieved a combustion efficiency higher than 99.99%, and the harmful substances NOx, CO, and UHC emitted by the flue gas are all less than 10×10 -6 , so it can be seen that catalytic combustion can completely burn the fuel and effectively eliminate pollutants. Control is a very ideal and environmentally friendly combustion method.

催化燃烧机理复杂,条件苛刻,必须在一定条件下才能发生反应,其核心技术是催化剂组分、制备工艺和催化燃烧控制技术。以甲烷为主要成分的天然气的催化燃烧,多采用蜂窝陶瓷为载体,在多孔蜂窝载体的壁面上涂一层多孔的活性水洗层,使其形成粗糙多孔的表面以增大催化反应的表面积,选用适合天然气高温催化燃烧的稀土材料和贵金属催化剂常用Pd、Pt及涂层制备工艺,将催化剂负载在蜂窝陶瓷体表面,再将该陶瓷体安装在催化燃烧器上,然后根据催化剂的活性和催化燃烧机理,应用流体和PLC控制技术来控制催化燃烧的全过程。催化燃烧控制技术是控制和完成催化燃烧反应的必要条件之一,它主要包括空气与燃气按所需要的比例均匀混合、点火、预热、催化燃烧温度和安全控制等。The mechanism of catalytic combustion is complex, the conditions are harsh, and the reaction must occur under certain conditions. The core technology is catalyst components, preparation technology and catalytic combustion control technology. For the catalytic combustion of natural gas with methane as the main component, honeycomb ceramics are often used as the carrier, and a porous active water washing layer is coated on the wall of the porous honeycomb carrier to form a rough and porous surface to increase the surface area of the catalytic reaction. Rare earth materials and noble metal catalysts suitable for high-temperature catalytic combustion of natural gas usually use Pd, Pt and coating preparation processes. The catalyst is loaded on the surface of the honeycomb ceramic body, and then the ceramic body is installed on the catalytic burner, and then according to the activity of the catalyst and catalytic combustion Mechanism, application of fluid and PLC control technology to control the whole process of catalytic combustion. Catalytic combustion control technology is one of the necessary conditions to control and complete the catalytic combustion reaction. It mainly includes uniform mixing of air and gas according to the required ratio, ignition, preheating, catalytic combustion temperature and safety control.

天然气催化燃烧为贫燃料、全预混无焰燃烧,空气与天然气混合浓度为5%左右,混合气体通过负载催化剂的蜂窝陶瓷体的温度大于催化剂的起燃温度T1,才能发生催化燃烧反应,在燃气混合浓度一定的情况下,催化燃烧的燃烧功率或温度T正比于混合气体的标准体积流量,而催化燃烧温度的上限必须控制在催化剂的最高限制温度T2以下,因此工业催化燃烧要求有较高的自动化控制程度。文献曾报道的甲烷蜂窝陶瓷催化燃烧器(V.Dopont,F.Moallemi,A.Williamas and S.-H.Zhang,Int.J.Energy Res.2000;24:1181-1201),以及中国专利局所公开的发明专利申请说明书“催化燃烧装置”CN1173919A和“催化燃烧体系”CN1695002A在负载催化剂载体或催化燃烧器前,都需要一个预热燃烧器,或另设一套燃气混合系统提供启动燃料,催化燃烧前,先点燃预热燃烧器,由预热燃烧器加热催化剂,等催化剂的温度达到起燃温度时,再关闭预热燃烧器,然后再向催化燃烧器通贫燃料进行催化燃烧,因为贫燃料在常温条件下无法点燃和燃烧,因此先有的催化燃烧技术不但使催化燃烧器结构复杂、体积庞大,还增加了催化燃烧控制系统成本和技术难度。The catalytic combustion of natural gas is fuel-lean, fully premixed flameless combustion, the mixed concentration of air and natural gas is about 5%, and the temperature of the mixed gas passing through the catalyst-loaded honeycomb ceramic body is greater than the light-off temperature T1 of the catalyst, so that the catalytic combustion reaction can occur. When the gas mixture concentration is constant, the combustion power or temperature T of catalytic combustion is proportional to the standard volume flow rate of the mixed gas, and the upper limit of the catalytic combustion temperature must be controlled below the maximum limit temperature T2 of the catalyst, so the requirements for industrial catalytic combustion are relatively high. degree of automation control. The methane honeycomb ceramic catalytic burner reported in the literature (V.Dopont, F.Moallemi, A.Williamas and S.-H.Zhang, Int.J.Energy Res.2000; 24:1181-1201), and the Chinese Patent Office The disclosed invention patent application specification "catalytic combustion device" CN1173919A and "catalytic combustion system" CN1695002A need a preheating burner before loading the catalyst carrier or catalytic burner, or set up another set of gas mixing system to provide start-up fuel, Before the catalytic combustion, the preheating burner is ignited first, and the catalyst is heated by the preheating burner. When the temperature of the catalyst reaches the light-off temperature, the preheating burner is turned off, and then the lean fuel is passed to the catalytic burner for catalytic combustion, because Lean fuel cannot be ignited and burned at room temperature. Therefore, the existing catalytic combustion technology not only makes the structure of the catalytic burner complex and bulky, but also increases the cost and technical difficulty of the catalytic combustion control system.

(三)发明内容 (3) Contents of the invention

本发明的目的是提供一种催化燃烧控制系统,采用流体控制与PLC自动控制相结合的技术,解决在一套流体预混系统中,只需通过PLC控制器件控制风机的输入频率f来控制风机的输出风量Qa,实现控制催化燃烧过程所需要的不同的燃气-空气混合浓度的问题;解决直接在催化燃烧器的催化剂载体上实现点火、预热有焰燃烧和催化燃烧问题;同时解决催化燃烧过程的吹扫、预热有焰燃烧、催化燃烧和安全自动控制问题,使催化燃烧器的结构得到简化,体积减小,成本降低,控制系统的自动化程度和控制精度得到提高。The purpose of the present invention is to provide a catalytic combustion control system, which adopts the technology of combining fluid control and PLC automatic control to solve the problem that in a set of fluid premixing system, only the input frequency f of the fan needs to be controlled by the PLC control device to control the fan The output air volume Qa can achieve the problem of controlling the different gas-air mixing concentrations required in the catalytic combustion process; solve the problems of ignition, preheating, flaming combustion and catalytic combustion directly on the catalyst carrier of the catalytic burner; solve the problem of catalytic combustion at the same time Process purging, preheating flaming combustion, catalytic combustion and safety automatic control issues simplify the structure of the catalytic burner, reduce the volume, reduce the cost, and improve the degree of automation and control accuracy of the control system.

为了实现上述目的,本发明提出以下技术方案:In order to achieve the above object, the present invention proposes the following technical solutions:

一种催化燃烧控制系统,用于控制催化燃烧器1的燃烧反应,其特征在于:它由流体预混控制系统和PLC控制器件两大部分连接组成;A catalytic combustion control system, used to control the combustion reaction of the catalytic burner 1, is characterized in that it is composed of two parts connected by a fluid premixing control system and a PLC control device;

流体预混控制系统包括:一台风机3串联一个文丘里混合器4,用来吹扫催化燃烧器1和利用文丘里混合器4引射燃气并进行均匀预混,文丘里混合器4的出风口与催化燃烧器1的进风口连接,文丘里混合器4的喉管吸风口与一个比例调节阀5连接,用来设定催化燃烧的燃气与空气的预混浓度,比例调节阀5的进口与一个零压阀6的出口连接,用来保证燃气接近常压,零压阀6的进出口两端并联一个针阀7,用来设定点火到预热普通燃烧的最佳燃气与空气的预混浓度;The fluid premixing control system includes: a blower 3 connected in series with a Venturi mixer 4, which is used to purge the catalytic burner 1 and use the Venturi mixer 4 to introduce gas and perform uniform premixing. The output of the Venturi mixer 4 The tuyere is connected to the air inlet of the catalytic burner 1, the throat suction port of the Venturi mixer 4 is connected to a proportional regulating valve 5, which is used to set the premixed concentration of catalytic combustion gas and air, and the inlet of the proportional regulating valve 5 It is connected to the outlet of a zero pressure valve 6 to ensure that the gas is close to normal pressure. The two ends of the inlet and outlet of the zero pressure valve 6 are connected in parallel with a needle valve 7 to set the optimum gas and air ratio from ignition to preheating for ordinary combustion. Premix concentration;

PLC控制器件包括:PLC control devices include:

一个PLC控制器CPU14;A PLC controller CPU14;

一个与PLC控制器CPU14控制信号输出端连接、并用于控制风机3输入频率f的变频器15;A frequency converter 15 connected to the control signal output end of the PLC controller CPU14 and used to control the input frequency f of the blower fan 3;

一个分别连接PLC控制器CPU控制信号输出端和变频器15的输入端的数/模转换模块18;A digital/analog conversion module 18 connected to the output terminal of the control signal of the PLC controller CPU and the input terminal of the frequency converter 15;

一个用于检测催化剂载体的温度、用于控制恒温催化燃烧的温度传感器13;A temperature sensor 13 for detecting the temperature of the catalyst carrier and for controlling the constant temperature catalytic combustion;

一个与温度传感器信号连接、并与PLC控制器CPU信号输入端连接的模/数转换模块17;An analog/digital conversion module 17 connected with the signal of the temperature sensor and connected with the signal input end of the PLC controller CPU;

一个连接于燃气主管20中、用于控制燃气预混开关、并与零压阀6连接的主火电磁阀8;A main fire solenoid valve 8 connected to the gas main pipe 20 for controlling the gas premix switch and connected to the zero pressure valve 6;

一个用于控制点火器11的燃气开关、连接在燃气支管21中的点火电磁阀9:A gas switch for controlling the igniter 11, the ignition solenoid valve 9 connected in the gas branch pipe 21:

一个用于对点火器11放电点火的点火变压器10;An ignition transformer 10 for discharging and igniting the igniter 11;

一个置于点火器附近、用于判断点火器11和催化剂载体2是否被点燃的紫外线探头12;An ultraviolet probe 12 placed near the igniter for judging whether the igniter 11 and the catalyst carrier 2 are ignited;

一个置于催化剂载体2前方、并与PLC控制器CPU14信号连接的可见光探测器16;A visible light detector 16 placed in front of the catalyst carrier 2 and connected with the PLC controller CPU14 signal;

一个与PLC控制器CPU14信号连接的文本显示器。A text display with a signal connection to the PLC controller CPU14.

上述催化剂载体2是蜂窝陶瓷载体或金属载体,载体上负载着催化剂。The above-mentioned catalyst carrier 2 is a honeycomb ceramic carrier or a metal carrier, and the catalyst is loaded on the carrier.

一种应用上述催化燃烧控制系统的催化燃烧控制方法:由PLC控制器CPU14通过变频器15控制风机3的输入频率,风机3的输入频率与输出的空气流量Qa成正比,当空气通过文丘里混合器4的喷嘴时,在喷嘴周围形成负压引射燃气,被引射的燃气一股通过零压阀6,通过零压阀6的燃气标准流量与引射燃气的空气标准流量成等比关系;另一股燃气通过与零压阀6并联的针阀7,通过针阀7的标准燃气流量基本恒定,两股燃气合并后经过比例调节阀5进入文丘里的混合腔和渐扩段与空气均匀预混,燃气与空气的预混浓度Qg/Qg+Qa与空气通过文丘里喷嘴的雷诺数或流量有关,当雷诺数较小时,燃气与空气的混合浓度较高,随着雷诺数的逐渐增加,燃气与空气的混合浓度会逐渐降低,当雷诺数大于一值后,燃气与空气的混合浓度不再随雷诺数的增加而改变,参见图3和图5,根据本发明流体混合控制的雷诺数与燃气混合浓度的关系和变频器的输出频率与燃气混合浓度Qg/Qg+Qa的关系,通过控制风机3的输入频率,分别控制点火、预热、催化燃烧所需的不同的燃气与空气混合浓度,以及在催化燃烧阶段控制催化燃烧功率或温度。A catalytic combustion control method using the above catalytic combustion control system: the input frequency of the fan 3 is controlled by the PLC controller CPU14 through the frequency converter 15, the input frequency of the fan 3 is proportional to the output air flow Qa, when the air passes through the Venturi mixing When using the nozzle of the device 4, a negative pressure is formed around the nozzle to inject gas, and the injected gas passes through the zero pressure valve 6, and the standard flow rate of the gas passing through the zero pressure valve 6 is proportional to the air standard flow rate of the injected gas. Another gas passes through the needle valve 7 connected in parallel with the zero pressure valve 6, and the standard gas flow rate through the needle valve 7 is basically constant. Uniform premixing, the premixing concentration Qg/Qg+Qa of gas and air is related to the Reynolds number or flow rate of air passing through the Venturi nozzle. When the Reynolds number is small, the mixing concentration of gas and air is high. increases, the mixed concentration of gas and air will gradually decrease, and when the Reynolds number is greater than a value, the mixed concentration of gas and air will no longer change with the increase of Reynolds number, see Figure 3 and Figure 5, according to the fluid mixing control of the present invention The relationship between the Reynolds number and the gas mixture concentration and the relationship between the output frequency of the frequency converter and the gas mixture concentration Qg/Qg+Qa, by controlling the input frequency of the fan 3, the different gas and gas required for ignition, preheating, and catalytic combustion are respectively controlled. Air mixture concentration, and control of catalytic combustion power or temperature in the catalytic combustion stage.

这种应用上述催化燃烧控制系统的催化燃烧控制方法,其特征在于步骤如下:This catalytic combustion control method using the above-mentioned catalytic combustion control system is characterized in that the steps are as follows:

步骤1:运行开始,PLC控制器CPU14通过变频器15启动风机3。Step 1: Start the operation, and the PLC controller CPU14 starts the fan 3 through the frequency converter 15 .

步骤2:前吹扫,通过变频器15控制风机频率不断增加,变频器15的输入频率f与风机3的输出流量Qa成正比,空气通过文丘里混合器4进入催化燃烧器1完成前吹扫;在步骤2中,变频器频率的增量为0.1~1Hz/S。Step 2: Pre-purging, the frequency of the fan is controlled by the frequency converter 15 to increase continuously, the input frequency f of the frequency converter 15 is proportional to the output flow Qa of the fan 3, and the air enters the catalytic burner 1 through the Venturi mixer 4 to complete the pre-purging ; In step 2, the increment of frequency converter frequency is 0.1~1Hz/S.

步骤3:点火器点火,前吹扫完成后,PLC控制器CPU14通过变频器15将风机3的输入频率降低,并导通点火变压器10放电打火,同时打开点火电磁阀9,燃气通过燃气支管21进入点火器11,点火器11被点燃,若点火器11没有点燃,则关闭点火电磁阀9。Step 3: The igniter is ignited. After the pre-purge is completed, the PLC controller CPU14 reduces the input frequency of the fan 3 through the frequency converter 15, and conducts the ignition transformer 10 to discharge and ignite. At the same time, the ignition solenoid valve 9 is opened, and the gas passes through the gas branch pipe 21 enters the igniter 11, the igniter 11 is ignited, if the igniter 11 is not ignited, then close the ignition solenoid valve 9.

在步骤3中,在点火变压器10接通8秒内,由紫外线探头12判断点火器11是否点着火,当点着火时,PLC控制器CPU14命令主火电磁阀8开启,燃气通过针阀7和零压阀6汇合后经过比例调节阀5,被文丘里混合器4的空气引射而混合,均匀预混气体进入催化燃烧器1,通过催化剂载体2被点火器11点燃;催化燃烧器1被点燃后,PLC控制器CPU14通过变频器15将风机的In step 3, within 8 seconds of turning on the ignition transformer 10, it is judged by the ultraviolet probe 12 whether the igniter 11 is on fire. After the zero pressure valve 6 converges, it passes through the proportional regulating valve 5 and is mixed by the air injection of the Venturi mixer 4. The uniform premixed gas enters the catalytic burner 1 and is ignited by the igniter 11 through the catalyst carrier 2; the catalytic burner 1 is ignited by After being ignited, the PLC controller CPU14 converts the fan's

输入频率提高,此时关闭点火电磁阀9,催化剂载体2处于普通燃烧预热阶段。When the input frequency increases, the ignition solenoid valve 9 is closed at this time, and the catalyst carrier 2 is in the normal combustion preheating stage.

步骤4:催化燃烧器点火,点火器11点燃后,打开主火电磁阀8,燃气从燃气主管20通过零压阀6和针阀7汇合后,通过比例调节阀5进入文丘里混合器4与空气进行均匀混合,燃气与空气的混合浓度略大于燃气的爆炸上限,燃气混合气体进入催化燃烧器1,通过催化剂载体2时被点火器11点燃;若催化剂载体2没有被点燃,则会关闭主火电磁阀8,风机3进行后吹扫,重新点火。Step 4: The catalytic burner is ignited. After the igniter 11 is ignited, the main fire solenoid valve 8 is opened. After the gas is merged from the gas main pipe 20 through the zero pressure valve 6 and the needle valve 7, it enters the Venturi mixer 4 through the proportional control valve 5 and The air is evenly mixed, the mixed concentration of gas and air is slightly greater than the explosion limit of the gas, the gas mixture enters the catalytic burner 1, and is ignited by the igniter 11 when passing through the catalyst carrier 2; if the catalyst carrier 2 is not ignited, the main Fire solenoid valve 8, blower fan 3 carry out back-purging, re-ignition.

步骤5:预热,点火成功后,增加风机3的频率,当频率达到预热控制点频率后,燃气与空气的混合浓度略小于燃气理论完全燃烧浓度,维持预热频率不变,关闭点火电磁阀9,催化剂载体2处于普通燃烧预热阶段。Step 5: Preheating, after successful ignition, increase the frequency of fan 3, when the frequency reaches the frequency of the preheating control point, the mixed concentration of gas and air is slightly less than the theoretical complete combustion concentration of gas, keep the preheating frequency unchanged, turn off the ignition solenoid Valve 9, catalyst carrier 2 is in the normal combustion preheating stage.

步骤6:起燃温度检测,若温度传感器13的检测温度低于催化剂的起燃温度,维持预热控制点频率不变,继续普通燃烧预热,随着预热温度逐渐升高,达到起燃温度时,增加风机3频率,直至频率到达催化燃烧稳定起始频率或设定催化燃烧温度所对应的频率。Step 6: Detection of the light-off temperature. If the temperature detected by the temperature sensor 13 is lower than the light-off temperature of the catalyst, keep the frequency of the preheating control point unchanged, continue the normal combustion preheating, and gradually increase the preheating temperature to reach the light-off temperature. When the temperature is high, increase the frequency of fan 3 until the frequency reaches the stable initial frequency of catalytic combustion or the frequency corresponding to the set catalytic combustion temperature.

步骤7:设定温度判断,通过催化燃烧控制系统使风机维持催化燃烧稳定起始频率或设定的温度所对应的频率,若燃烧温度低于设定温度,则增加风机控制频率,若燃烧温度高于设定温度,则降低风机控制频率,风机控制增减频率的增量为0.01~1Hz/s;在步骤7中,由温度传感器13检测催化剂载体2的设定温度,进行设定温度判断。Step 7: Set the temperature to judge, through the catalytic combustion control system, make the fan maintain the stable starting frequency of catalytic combustion or the frequency corresponding to the set temperature. If the combustion temperature is lower than the set temperature, increase the control frequency of the fan. If the combustion temperature If the temperature is higher than the set temperature, reduce the control frequency of the fan, and the increment of the increase or decrease frequency of the fan control is 0.01 to 1 Hz/s; in step 7, the temperature sensor 13 detects the set temperature of the catalyst carrier 2 to judge the set temperature .

步骤8:催化燃烧控制,燃烧进入催化燃烧段后,重复步骤7,增减风机的频率,催化燃烧控制系统在催化剂的起燃温度和最高限制温度之间自动控制恒温催化燃烧。Step 8: Catalytic combustion control. After the combustion enters the catalytic combustion section, repeat step 7 to increase or decrease the frequency of the fan. The catalytic combustion control system automatically controls the constant temperature catalytic combustion between the light-off temperature of the catalyst and the maximum limit temperature.

步骤9:停止或熄火检测,在催化燃烧稳定阶段,若人工命令熄火或催化剂载体2故障等原因熄火,则会进入步骤10,若否,则返回步骤7;在步骤9中,由可见光探测器16在催化燃烧阶段进行停止或熄火检测。Step 9: Stop or flameout detection. In the stable stage of catalytic combustion, if the flameout is manually ordered or the catalyst carrier 2 is faulty, etc., it will enter step 10. If not, return to step 7; in step 9, the visible light detector 16 Stop or flameout detection during the catalytic combustion phase.

步骤10:关闭主火电磁阀8,风机吹扫催化燃烧器1后进入步骤11。Step 10: Turn off the main fire solenoid valve 8, and proceed to step 11 after blowing the catalytic burner 1 by the blower.

步骤11:结束,风机停止。Step 11: End, the fan stops.

本发明的有益效果:请参见图3,已有的文丘里抓零压阀混合技术,只能提供等比例预混气体,本发明可按需要提供连续不同比例的预混气体,满足点火、预热普通燃烧、催化燃烧的燃气与空气不同混合浓度的特殊要求。本发明在零压阀旁并联一个针阀,用来设定流经它的燃气流量,当空气流量Qa或雷诺数Re较小时,一股与空气流量等比例的燃气通过零压阀,另一股等流量的燃气通过针阀,两股燃气汇合后经过比例调节阀进入文丘里与空气混合,此时空气与燃气混合浓度较高,随着空气流量Qa或雷诺数Re的逐渐提高,空气与燃气的混合浓度会逐渐平滑的下降,当雷诺数大于一值后,空气与燃气的混合浓度为一常数,不再随雷诺数增加而改变。因此通过控制风机的流量Qa或雷诺数,就可达到所需要的点火、预热普通燃烧、催化燃烧不同的空气与燃气的混合比,同时在催化燃烧段控制燃烧功率或燃烧温度。Beneficial effects of the present invention: please refer to Fig. 3, the existing Venturi zero-pressure valve mixing technology can only provide equal proportion premixed gas, and the present invention can provide continuous premixed gas with different proportions as required to meet the requirements of ignition, premixed gas Special requirements for different mixing concentrations of hot ordinary combustion, catalytic combustion gas and air. In the present invention, a needle valve is connected in parallel next to the zero-pressure valve to set the flow of gas flowing through it. When the air flow Qa or Reynolds number Re is small, one gas flow in proportion to the air flow passes through the zero-pressure valve, and the other The gas with the same flow rate passes through the needle valve. After the two gas streams meet, they enter the Venturi and mix with the air through the proportional control valve. At this time, the mixing concentration of the air and the gas is relatively high. The mixed concentration of gas will gradually and smoothly decrease. When the Reynolds number is greater than a certain value, the mixed concentration of air and gas will be a constant and will no longer change with the increase of Reynolds number. Therefore, by controlling the flow Qa or Reynolds number of the fan, the required mixing ratio of air and gas for ignition, preheating, common combustion and catalytic combustion can be achieved, and at the same time, the combustion power or combustion temperature can be controlled in the catalytic combustion section.

为了使催化燃烧器的结构得到简化,体积减小,控制系统的自动化程度和控制精度得到提高,本发明采用流体控制与PLC自动控制相结合的技术,提供了一种流体预混控制系统,它包括:一个风机,用来吹扫和提供燃气预混所需要的空气;一个与风机串连的文丘里混合器;一个与文丘里混合器连接的比例调节阀,一个零压阀和一个与零压阀并联的针阀,共同用来控制空气与燃气的混合比,当空气(Qa)通过文丘里混合器的喷嘴时,在喷嘴周围形成负压而引射燃气(Qg),被引射的燃气一股通过零压阀,另一股通过与零压阀并联的针阀,两股燃气汇合后通过比例调节阀进入文丘里混合器与空气在混合腔和渐扩段混合,均匀混合气体进入催化燃烧器整流后,再通过负载催化剂的蜂窝陶瓷载体即可燃烧。本发明的空气与燃气的混合比或燃气混合浓度(Qg/(Qa+Qg)与文丘里喷嘴的空气雷诺数Re有关,而该雷诺数Re是空气流量Qa的函数Re∝f(Qa),换句话说,只要控制了空气流量Qa,就能控制燃气混合浓度和燃气与空气的混合气总流量。In order to simplify the structure of the catalytic burner, reduce the volume, and improve the degree of automation and control precision of the control system, the present invention adopts the technology of combining fluid control and PLC automatic control to provide a fluid premix control system, which Including: a blower for blowing and providing the air required for gas premixing; a Venturi mixer connected in series with the blower; a proportional regulating valve connected with the Venturi mixer, a zero pressure valve and a zero pressure valve The needle valves connected in parallel with the pressure valve are used to control the mixing ratio of air and gas. When the air (Qa) passes through the nozzle of the Venturi mixer, a negative pressure is formed around the nozzle to inject gas (Qg). One of the gas passes through the zero-pressure valve, and the other passes through the needle valve connected in parallel with the zero-pressure valve. After the two gases are combined, they enter the Venturi mixer through the proportional regulating valve and mix with the air in the mixing chamber and the gradual expansion section. The uniformly mixed gas enters the After the catalytic burner is rectified, it can burn through the honeycomb ceramic carrier loaded with catalyst. The mixing ratio of air and gas or the gas mixing concentration (Qg/(Qa+Qg) of the present invention is related to the air Reynolds number Re of the Venturi nozzle, and the Reynolds number Re is a function Re∝f(Qa) of the air flow rate Qa, In other words, as long as the air flow Qa is controlled, the gas mixture concentration and the total flow of the gas-air mixture can be controlled.

本发明采用流体控制与PLC自动控制相结合的技术,其PLC控制系统由一组可编程序控制器和一个变频器组成,可以完成以下五个功能:①用来控制风机的输入频率f来控制风机的输出流量Qa,从而达到吹扫、燃气混合浓度和燃烧功率或温度的控制;②用来控制燃气电磁阀的开或关;③用来控制点火器变压器的开或关;④通过温度传感器判别温度,控制催化燃烧过程;⑤通过紫外线探头和可见光检测器来判断点火、熄火和安全控制。The present invention adopts the technology combining fluid control and PLC automatic control, and its PLC control system is composed of a group of programmable controllers and a frequency converter, which can complete the following five functions: ① used to control the input frequency f of the fan to control The output flow Qa of the fan, so as to achieve the control of purge, gas mixing concentration and combustion power or temperature; ② used to control the opening or closing of the gas solenoid valve; ③ used to control the opening or closing of the igniter transformer; ④ through the temperature sensor Distinguish temperature and control catalytic combustion process; ⑤Use ultraviolet probe and visible light detector to judge ignition, flameout and safety control.

本发明仅须设置一套燃气预混系统,通过控制风机的输入频率f来控制风机的输出风量Qa,可实现催化燃烧所需要的不同混合比,仅在一套燃气预混系统中即可实现直接在催化燃烧器的催化剂载体上实现点火、有焰燃烧预热和催化燃烧。解决了催化燃烧器结构复杂、体积庞大,催化燃烧控制系统成本高和技术难度大的技术问题,无需像已有的催化燃烧器必须设置一个预热燃烧器和两套燃气预混系统。因此本发明使催化燃烧器的结构得到简化,体积减小,而控制系统的自动化程度和控制精度得到提高,成本大幅降低,尤其适合工业大功率燃气催化燃烧器的控制。The present invention only needs to set up a set of gas premixing system, and by controlling the input frequency f of the fan to control the output air volume Qa of the fan, different mixing ratios required for catalytic combustion can be realized, which can be realized only in a set of gas premixing system The ignition, flaming combustion preheating and catalytic combustion are realized directly on the catalyst carrier of the catalytic burner. It solves the technical problems of complex structure and bulky catalytic burner, high cost and technical difficulty of the catalytic combustion control system, and there is no need to set up a preheating burner and two sets of gas premixing systems like the existing catalytic burner. Therefore, the present invention simplifies the structure of the catalytic burner, reduces the volume, improves the degree of automation and control precision of the control system, and greatly reduces the cost, and is especially suitable for the control of industrial high-power gas catalytic burners.

(四)附图说明 (4) Description of drawings

图1是本发明催化燃烧控制系统的结构示意图。Fig. 1 is a structural schematic diagram of the catalytic combustion control system of the present invention.

图2是催化燃烧可编程序控制器与被控制器件关系的示意图。Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the relationship between the catalytic combustion programmable controller and the controlled device.

图3是已有技术与本发明技术效果对比的曲线示意图。Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram showing the comparison of the technical effects of the prior art and the present invention.

图4是表示变频器的输出频率f与风机的输出流量Qa成线性关系的曲线图。Fig. 4 is a graph showing the linear relationship between the output frequency f of the inverter and the output flow Qa of the fan.

图5是表示本发明变频器的输出频率f与燃气混合浓度的控制关系的曲线图。Fig. 5 is a graph showing the control relationship between the output frequency f of the inverter of the present invention and the gas mixture concentration.

图6是本发明的催化燃烧控制执行流程图。Fig. 6 is a flowchart of catalytic combustion control execution in the present invention.

1-催化燃烧器;2-负载催化剂载体;3-风机;4-文丘里混合器;5-比例调节阀;6-零压阀;7-针阀;8-主火电磁阀;9-点火电磁阀;10-点火变压器;11-点火器;12-紫外线探头;13-温度传感器。14-PLC控制器CPU;15-变频器;16-可见光探测器;17-模/数转换模块;18-数/模转换模块;19-文本显示器;20-燃气主管;21-燃气支管。1-catalytic burner; 2-loaded catalyst carrier; 3-fan; 4-venturi mixer; 5-proportional control valve; 6-zero pressure valve; 7-needle valve; 8-main fire solenoid valve; 9-ignition Solenoid valve; 10-ignition transformer; 11-igniter; 12-ultraviolet probe; 13-temperature sensor. 14-PLC controller CPU; 15-inverter; 16-visible light detector; 17-analog/digital conversion module; 18-digital/analog conversion module; 19-text display; 20-gas main pipe; 21-gas branch pipe.

f-风机输入频率、f1-点火控制频率、f2-预热燃烧控制频率、f3-催化燃烧稳定起始频率、f4-最高温度控制频率、fb-吹扫控制频率。L1-点火燃气预混浓度、L2-预热普通燃烧燃气预混浓度、L3-催化燃烧燃气预混浓度。Qa-风机输出的标准空气流量、Qg-预混的燃气标准流量。T1一起燃温度、T2-最高限制温度、Tc-设定燃烧温度。f-fan input frequency, f1-ignition control frequency, f2-preheat combustion control frequency, f3-catalytic combustion stable initial frequency, f4-maximum temperature control frequency, fb-purge control frequency. L1-ignition gas premix concentration, L2-preheating common combustion gas premix concentration, L3-catalytic combustion gas premix concentration. Qa- standard air flow output by fan, Qg- standard flow of premixed gas. T1 is the ignition temperature, T2 is the maximum limit temperature, and Tc is the set combustion temperature.

(五)具体实施方式 (5) Specific implementation methods

参见图1、图2,本发明催化燃烧控制系统由流体预混控制系统和PLC控制器件两大部分连接组成。Referring to Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, the catalytic combustion control system of the present invention is composed of a fluid premix control system and a PLC control device.

流体预混控制系统包括;一台风机3串联一个文丘里混合器4,用来吹扫催化燃烧器1和利用文丘里混合器4引射燃气并进行均匀预混,文丘里混合器4的出风口与催化燃烧器1的进风口连接,文丘里混合器4的喉管吸风口与一个比例调节阀5连接,用来设定催化燃烧阶段最佳燃气预混浓度,比例调节阀5的进口与一个零压阀6的出口连接,用来保证进入比例调节阀5的燃气接近常压,零压阀6的进出口两端并联一个针阀7,用来设定点火到预热有焰燃烧的最佳燃气预混浓度。The fluid premixing control system includes; a blower 3 connected in series with a Venturi mixer 4, which is used to purge the catalytic burner 1 and use the Venturi mixer 4 to inject gas and perform uniform premixing. The outlet of the Venturi mixer 4 The tuyere is connected to the air inlet of the catalytic burner 1, and the throat suction port of the Venturi mixer 4 is connected to a proportional regulating valve 5, which is used to set the optimal gas premix concentration in the catalytic combustion stage. The inlet of the proportional regulating valve 5 is connected to the The outlet connection of a zero-pressure valve 6 is used to ensure that the gas entering the proportional regulating valve 5 is close to normal pressure. The inlet and outlet ends of the zero-pressure valve 6 are connected in parallel with a needle valve 7, which is used to set the ignition to preheating and flaming combustion. Optimum gas premix concentration.

PLC控制器件包括:PLC control devices include:

一个PLC控制器CPU14,具有存储器特性,I/O特性,集成的通信功能,电源特性,数字量输入输出特性,例如型号S7-200,CPU244。A PLC controller CPU14, with memory characteristics, I/O characteristics, integrated communication functions, power supply characteristics, digital input and output characteristics, such as model S7-200, CPU244.

一个与PLC控制器CPU14控制信号输出端连接、并用于控制风机3输入频率f的变频器15。A frequency converter 15 connected to the control signal output end of the PLC controller CPU14 and used to control the input frequency f of the blower fan 3 .

一个分别连接PLC控制器CPU14控制信号输出端和变频器15的输入端的数/模转换模块18,模块的型号例如EM232。A digital/analog conversion module 18 connected to the control signal output end of the PLC controller CPU14 and the input end of the frequency converter 15 respectively, the model of the module is EM232, for example.

一个用于检测负载催化剂载体的温度的温度传感器13。A temperature sensor 13 for detecting the temperature of the catalyst-loaded carrier.

一个与温度传感器13信号连接、并与PLC控制器CPU14信号输入端连接的模/数转换模块17,模块的型号例如EM235。An analog/digital conversion module 17 connected with the signal of the temperature sensor 13 and connected with the signal input end of the PLC controller CPU14, the model of the module is, for example, EM235.

一个连接于燃气主管20中、用于控制燃气预混开关、并与零压阀6连接的主火电磁阀8。A main fire solenoid valve 8 connected to the gas main pipe 20 for controlling the gas premix switch and connected to the zero pressure valve 6 .

一个用于控制点火器11的燃气开关、连接在燃气支管21中的点火电磁阀9。A gas switch for controlling the igniter 11, and an ignition solenoid valve 9 connected in the gas branch pipe 21.

一个用于对点火器11放电点火的点火变压器10。An ignition transformer 10 for discharging and igniting the igniter 11.

一个置于点火器附近、用于判断点火器11和负载催化剂载体2是否被点燃的紫外线探头12。An ultraviolet probe 12 placed near the igniter for judging whether the igniter 11 and the catalyst carrier 2 are ignited.

一个置于负载催化剂载体2前方、并与PLC控制器CPU14信号连接的可见光探测器16。A visible light detector 16 placed in front of the catalyst carrier 2 and connected with the PLC controller CPU14 for signal.

一个与PLC控制器CPU14信号连接的文本显示器19,用于参数设定、工作状态和数据显示,例如型号TD-200。A text display 19 connected with the PLC controller CPU14 signal, used for parameter setting, working status and data display, such as model TD-200.

一种应用上述催化燃烧控制系统的催化燃烧控制方法:由PLC控制器CPU14通过变频器15控制风机3的输入频率f,风机3的输入频率f与输出的空气流量Qa成正比,当空气通过文丘里混合器4的喷嘴时,在喷嘴周围形成负压引射燃气,被引射的燃气一股通过零压阀6,通过零压阀6的燃气标准流量与引射燃气的空气标准流量成等比关系;另一股燃气通过与零压阀6并联的针阀7,通过针阀7的标准燃气流量基本恒定,两股燃气合并后经过比例调节阀5进入文丘里的混合腔和渐扩段与空气均匀预混,燃气与空气的预混浓度Qg/Qg+Qa与空气通过文丘里喷嘴的雷诺数或流量有关,当雷诺数较小时,燃气与空气的混合浓度较高,随着雷诺数的逐渐增加,燃气与空气的混合浓度会逐渐降低,当雷诺数大于一值后,燃气与空气的混合浓度不再随雷诺数的增加而改变,参见图3和图5,根据本发明流体混合控制的雷诺数与燃气混合浓度的关系和变频器的输出频率f与燃气混合浓度Qg/Qg+Qa的关系,通过控制风机3的输入频率,分别控制点火、预热、催化燃烧所需的不同的燃气与空气混合浓度,以及在催化燃烧阶段控制催化燃烧功率或温度。A catalytic combustion control method using the above catalytic combustion control system: the input frequency f of the fan 3 is controlled by the PLC controller CPU14 through the frequency converter 15, the input frequency f of the fan 3 is proportional to the output air flow Qa, when the air passes through the Venturi When using the nozzle of the mixer 4, a negative pressure is formed around the nozzle to inject gas, and the injected gas passes through the zero pressure valve 6, and the standard flow rate of the gas passing through the zero pressure valve 6 is equal to the air standard flow rate of the injected gas. The other gas passes through the needle valve 7 connected in parallel with the zero pressure valve 6, and the standard gas flow rate through the needle valve 7 is basically constant. After the two gas streams are combined, they enter the mixing chamber and the gradual expansion section of the Venturi through the proportional regulating valve 5 Evenly premixed with air, the premixed concentration Qg/Qg+Qa of gas and air is related to the Reynolds number or flow rate of air passing through the Venturi nozzle. When the Reynolds number is small, the mixed concentration of gas and air is higher. gradually increases, the mixing concentration of gas and air will gradually decrease. When the Reynolds number is greater than a value, the mixing concentration of gas and air will no longer change with the increase of Reynolds number. See Figure 3 and Figure 5. The relationship between the controlled Reynolds number and the gas mixture concentration and the relationship between the output frequency f of the frequency converter and the gas mixture concentration Qg/Qg+Qa, by controlling the input frequency of the fan 3, the differences required for ignition, preheating, and catalytic combustion are respectively controlled. The mixed concentration of gas and air, and the control of catalytic combustion power or temperature in the catalytic combustion stage.

参见图1、图2、图5和图6,本发明的催化燃烧控制方法采用流体控制与PLC自动控制相结合的技术,其具体控制步骤如下:Referring to Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 5 and Fig. 6, the catalytic combustion control method of the present invention adopts the technology combining fluid control and PLC automatic control, and its specific control steps are as follows:

步骤1:运行前通过文本19设定参数如温度,发出运行指令,PLC控制器CPU 14通过变频器15启动风机3。Step 1: Before running, set parameters such as temperature through text 19, issue a running command, and the PLC controller CPU 14 starts the fan 3 through the frequency converter 15.

步骤2:前吹扫,通过数/模转换模块18调节变频器15的输出频率控制风机的输入频率,频率由0增加到fb,维持频率fb不变,空气通过文丘里混合器4进入催化燃烧器1,完成前吹扫。Step 2: Pre-purge, adjust the output frequency of the frequency converter 15 through the digital/analog conversion module 18 to control the input frequency of the fan, increase the frequency from 0 to fb, keep the frequency fb unchanged, and enter the catalytic combustion through the Venturi mixer 4 Unit 1, purge before completion.

步骤3:点火器点火,前吹扫完成后,PLC控制器CPU14通过变频器15将风机3的输入频率由fb降低到f1,频率递减的增量为0.1~1Hz/s,维持频率f1,并导通点火变压器10放电打火,同时打开点火电磁阀9,燃气通过燃气支管21进入点火器11,点火器11被点燃,若点火器11没有点燃,则关闭点火电磁阀9。Step 3: The igniter is ignited, and after the pre-purge is completed, the PLC controller CPU14 reduces the input frequency of the fan 3 from fb to f1 through the frequency converter 15, and the increment of frequency decrease is 0.1-1Hz/s, maintains the frequency f1, and Conduction ignition transformer 10 discharges ignition, opens ignition solenoid valve 9 simultaneously, gas enters igniter 11 by gas branch pipe 21, and igniter 11 is ignited, if igniter 11 does not ignite, then closes ignition solenoid valve 9.

本发明在点火变压器10接通8秒内,由紫外线探头12判断点火器11是否点着火后,当点着火时,PLC控制器CPU14命令主火电磁阀8开启,燃气通过针阀7和零压阀6汇合后经过比例调节阀5,被文丘里混合器4的空气引射而混合,均匀预混气体进入催化燃烧器1,通过催化剂载体2被点火器11点燃;催化燃烧器1被点燃后,PLC控制器CPU14通过变频器15将风机的输入频率由f1提高f2,频率增加的增量为0.01~1Hz/s,维持频率f2,催化剂载体2处于普通燃烧预热阶段,此时关闭点火电磁阀9。In the present invention, within 8 seconds after the ignition transformer 10 is turned on, after the ultraviolet probe 12 judges whether the igniter 11 is on fire, when the ignition is on, the PLC controller CPU14 commands the main fire solenoid valve 8 to open, and the gas passes through the needle valve 7 and zero pressure After the valves 6 converge, they pass through the proportional regulating valve 5 and are mixed by the air injection of the Venturi mixer 4. The uniform premixed gas enters the catalytic burner 1 and is ignited by the igniter 11 through the catalyst carrier 2; after the catalytic burner 1 is ignited , the PLC controller CPU14 increases the input frequency of the fan from f1 to f2 through the frequency converter 15, and the increment of the frequency increase is 0.01~1Hz/s, and the frequency f2 is maintained. The catalyst carrier 2 is in the normal combustion preheating stage, and the ignition electromagnetic is turned off at this time Valve 9.

步骤4:催化燃烧器点火,点火器11点燃后,打开主火电磁阀8,燃气从燃气主管20通过零压阀6和针阀7汇合后,通过比例调节阀5进入文丘里混合器4与空气进行均匀混合,燃气与空气的混合浓度L1略大于燃气的爆炸浓度上限,燃气混合气体进入催化燃烧器1,通过催化剂载体2时被点火器11点燃;若催化剂载体2没有被点燃,则会关闭主火电磁阀8,风机3进行后吹扫,重新点火。Step 4: The catalytic burner is ignited. After the igniter 11 is ignited, the main fire solenoid valve 8 is opened. After the gas is merged from the gas main pipe 20 through the zero pressure valve 6 and the needle valve 7, it enters the Venturi mixer 4 through the proportional control valve 5 and The air is uniformly mixed, and the mixed concentration L1 of the gas and air is slightly greater than the upper limit of the explosion concentration of the gas. The gas mixture enters the catalytic burner 1 and is ignited by the igniter 11 when passing through the catalyst carrier 2; if the catalyst carrier 2 is not ignited, it will Close the main fire electromagnetic valve 8, blower blower 3 carries out post-purging, and re-ignites.

步骤5:预热,点火成功后,增加风机3的频率,当频率达到预热控制点频率f2后,燃气与空气的混合浓度略小于燃气理论完全燃烧浓度L2,维持频率不变,关闭点火电磁阀9,催化剂载体2处于普通有焰燃烧预热阶段。Step 5: Preheating, after the ignition is successful, increase the frequency of fan 3, when the frequency reaches the frequency f2 of the preheating control point, the mixed concentration of gas and air is slightly less than the theoretical complete combustion concentration L2 of the gas, keep the frequency unchanged, and turn off the ignition solenoid The valve 9 and the catalyst carrier 2 are in the preheating stage of ordinary flaming combustion.

步骤6:起燃温度检测,若温度传感器13的检测温度低于催化剂的起燃温度t1,维持预热控制点频率f2不变,继续预热燃烧,随着预热温度逐渐升高,达到起燃温度t1时,增加风机3频率,直至频率到达催化燃烧稳定起始频率f3或设定催化燃烧温度Td(T2>Td≥T1)所对应的频率fd。Step 6: Detection of the light-off temperature. If the detection temperature of the temperature sensor 13 is lower than the light-off temperature t1 of the catalyst, keep the frequency f2 of the preheating control point unchanged, and continue the preheating combustion. When the combustion temperature is t1, increase the frequency of the fan 3 until the frequency reaches the catalytic combustion stable initial frequency f3 or the frequency fd corresponding to the set catalytic combustion temperature Td (T2>Td≥T1).

步骤7:设定温度判断,通过PLC控制系统使风机维持催化燃烧稳定起始频率f3或设定的温度tc所对应的频率fd,若温度传感器13检测催化剂载体2的燃烧温度低于设定温度,则增加风机控制频率,若燃烧温度高于设定温度,则降低风机控制频率,风机控制增减频率的增量为0.01~1Hz/s。Step 7: Set the temperature to judge, through the PLC control system, make the fan maintain the catalytic combustion stable initial frequency f3 or the frequency fd corresponding to the set temperature tc, if the temperature sensor 13 detects that the combustion temperature of the catalyst carrier 2 is lower than the set temperature , then increase the fan control frequency, if the combustion temperature is higher than the set temperature, then reduce the fan control frequency, the increment of the fan control increase or decrease frequency is 0.01~1Hz/s.

步骤8:催化燃烧控制,燃烧进入催化燃烧稳定阶段后,重复步骤7,通过温度判断,增减风机的频率,使催化燃烧器1在起燃温度t1和最高限制温度t2之间自动控制恒温催化燃烧。Step 8: Catalytic combustion control. After the combustion enters the stable stage of catalytic combustion, repeat step 7. Through temperature judgment, increase or decrease the frequency of the fan, so that the catalytic burner 1 can automatically control the constant temperature catalysis between the light-off temperature t1 and the maximum limit temperature t2. combustion.

步骤9:停止或熄火检测,在催化燃烧稳定阶段,若命令熄火或可见光探测器16检测到催化剂载体2熄火,则会进入步骤10,若否,则返回步骤7。Step 9: Stop or flameout detection. In the stable stage of catalytic combustion, if the flameout is commanded or the visible light detector 16 detects that the catalyst carrier 2 is flamed out, it will enter step 10, and if not, return to step 7.

步骤10:关闭主火电磁阀8,风机吹扫催化燃烧器1后进入步骤11。Step 10: Turn off the main fire solenoid valve 8, and proceed to step 11 after blowing the catalytic burner 1 by the blower.

步骤11:结束,风机停止。Step 11: End, the fan stops.

控制参数的选择与燃烧器的燃烧功率有关,实施例如下:The selection of control parameters is related to the combustion power of the burner. Examples are as follows:

点火控制频率范围f1=5~10Hz;Ignition control frequency range f1=5~10Hz;

预热燃烧频率范围f2=11~19Hz;Preheating combustion frequency range f2=11~19Hz;

催化燃烧段控制频率范围f3-f4为20~50Hz;The control frequency range f3-f4 of the catalytic combustion section is 20-50Hz;

吹扫频率f4>fb≥f3;Purge frequency f4>fb≥f3;

催化剂起燃温度与催化剂组分有关,t1=360~600℃;Catalyst light-off temperature is related to catalyst components, t1=360~600℃;

催化剂最高控制温度t2=1160℃;Catalyst maximum control temperature t2 = 1160°C;

常温t0=40~50℃。Normal temperature t0=40~50℃.

催化燃烧器1的运行控制过程:Operation control process of catalytic burner 1:

PLC控制器CPU14发出指令,通过变频器15启动风机3,通过EM232模块18调节变频器15的输出频率控制风机3的风量Qa,启动频率从0逐渐增加到吹扫频率fb(f4>fb≥f3),变频器频率增加的增量为0.1~1Hz/S,风机维持频率fb,,空气通过文丘里混合器4进入催化燃烧器1中,完成前吹扫。The PLC controller CPU14 issues instructions to start the fan 3 through the frequency converter 15, adjust the output frequency of the frequency converter 15 through the EM232 module 18 to control the air volume Qa of the fan 3, and the starting frequency gradually increases from 0 to the blowing frequency fb (f4>fb≥f3 ), the increment of the inverter frequency is 0.1-1Hz/S, the fan maintains the frequency fb, the air enters the catalytic burner 1 through the Venturi mixer 4, and the pre-purging is completed.

前吹扫完成后,PLC控制器CPU14通过EM232模块18调节变频器15的输出频率f,将风机的输入频率由fb降到f1,减小风机的流量,变频器频率降低的增量为0.1~1Hz/S,然后PLC控制器CPU14发出点火信号指令,导通点火变压器10放电打火,同时PLC控制器CPU14发出信号打开点火电磁阀9,使一股燃气流经点火器11处,燃气遇点火变压器10打火点燃;点火变压器10开始打火时,紫外线探头12同时开始对点火器11进行检测,若8秒钟内紫外线探头12检测点火器11未被点燃,PLC控制器CPU14将停止点火变压器10放电,同时关断点火电磁阀9。After the pre-purge is completed, the PLC controller CPU14 adjusts the output frequency f of the frequency converter 15 through the EM232 module 18, reduces the input frequency of the fan from fb to f1, reduces the flow rate of the fan, and the increment of frequency converter frequency reduction is 0.1~ 1Hz/S, then the PLC controller CPU14 sends out an ignition signal command, conducts the ignition transformer 10 to discharge and ignite, and at the same time, the PLC controller CPU14 sends out a signal to open the ignition solenoid valve 9, so that a stream of gas flows through the igniter 11, and the gas meets the ignition The transformer 10 is ignited and ignited; when the ignition transformer 10 starts to ignite, the ultraviolet probe 12 starts to detect the igniter 11 at the same time, if the ultraviolet probe 12 detects that the igniter 11 is not ignited within 8 seconds, the PLC controller CPU14 will stop the ignition transformer 10 is discharged, and the ignition solenoid valve 9 is turned off at the same time.

紫外线探头12判断点火器11被点燃后,点火器11持续燃烧,同时PLC控制器CPU14控制主火电磁阀8开启,燃气分别通过针阀7和零压阀6汇合后经过比例调节阀5,进入文丘里混合器4与空气混合。参照图5,点火的风机频率f1所对应的燃气与空气的混合浓度为L1(对于天然气,L1=17%左右),均匀混合气体进入催化燃烧器1,通过负载催化剂的蜂窝陶瓷载体2时被点火器11点燃;若紫外线探头12检测负载催化剂的蜂窝陶瓷载体2未被点燃,PLC控制器15将关断主火电磁阀8,并进行后吹扫,数分钟后关闭风机,等待检查或重新点火。After the ultraviolet probe 12 judges that the igniter 11 is ignited, the igniter 11 continues to burn. At the same time, the PLC controller CPU14 controls the main fire solenoid valve 8 to open. Venturi mixer 4 mixes with air. Referring to Fig. 5, the gas and air mixed concentration corresponding to the blower fan frequency f1 of ignition is L1 (for natural gas, L1=about 17%), and evenly mixed gas enters catalytic burner 1, is passed through the honeycomb ceramic carrier 2 of loading catalyst The igniter 11 is lighted; if the honeycomb ceramic carrier 2 of the loaded catalyst is not ignited by the ultraviolet probe 12, the PLC controller 15 will shut off the main fire solenoid valve 8, and carry out post-purging, and turn off the fan after a few minutes, waiting for inspection or restarting ignition.

紫外线探头12判断点火成功后,PLC控制器CPU14通过EM232模块18调节变频器15增加风机的输入频率f,提高风机的空气流量Qa,变频器频率增加的增量为0.01~1Hz/S,当变频器的输入频率达到到f2时,对应的燃气混合浓度为L2(对于天然气,L2=10%左右),维持变频器频率f2不变,同时关闭点火电磁阀9,催化剂载体2处于普通燃烧预热阶段,温度逐渐升高,当温度传感器13检测到催化剂载体2的预热温度达到催化剂的起燃温度t1时,PLC控制器CPU14通过EM232模块18调节变频器15,控制风机的输入频率f,频率由f2增加到f3或fd(f4>fd≥f3),对应的燃气与空气的混合浓度为L3(对于天然气,L3=5%左右),变频器频率增加的增量为0.01~1Hz/S,催化燃烧器进入催化燃烧阶段,在催化燃烧阶段,增加风机的输入频率,燃气混合浓度基本不变,但燃烧功率增加或燃烧温度增加。After the ultraviolet probe 12 judges that the ignition is successful, the PLC controller CPU14 adjusts the frequency converter 15 through the EM232 module 18 to increase the input frequency f of the fan and the air flow Qa of the fan. When the input frequency of the inverter reaches f2, the corresponding gas mixture concentration is L2 (for natural gas, L2=about 10%), keep the frequency f2 of the frequency converter unchanged, and close the ignition solenoid valve 9 at the same time, and the catalyst carrier 2 is in normal combustion preheating stage, the temperature gradually increases, and when the temperature sensor 13 detects that the preheating temperature of the catalyst carrier 2 reaches the light-off temperature t1 of the catalyst, the PLC controller CPU14 adjusts the frequency converter 15 through the EM232 module 18 to control the input frequency f of the fan, The frequency increases from f2 to f3 or fd (f4>fd≥f3), the corresponding gas and air mixture concentration is L3 (for natural gas, L3=about 5%), and the increment of frequency converter frequency is 0.01~1Hz/S , the catalytic burner enters the catalytic combustion stage. In the catalytic combustion stage, the input frequency of the fan is increased, and the gas mixture concentration remains basically unchanged, but the combustion power or combustion temperature increases.

在催化燃烧阶段,PLC控制器CPU14通过温度传感器13和模/数转换模块17判断催化剂载体2是否达到设定燃烧温度tc,若高于或低于设定温度,PLC控制器CPU14通过数/模转化模块18和变频器15控制风机减或增加风机频率来控制催化燃烧温度,达到恒温燃烧。In the catalytic combustion stage, the PLC controller CPU14 judges whether the catalyst carrier 2 reaches the set combustion temperature tc through the temperature sensor 13 and the analog/digital conversion module 17. If it is higher or lower than the set temperature, the PLC controller CPU14 passes the digital/analog The conversion module 18 and the frequency converter 15 control the fan to reduce or increase the fan frequency to control the catalytic combustion temperature to achieve constant temperature combustion.

在催化燃烧阶段,若人为命令熄火或可见光探测器16检测到催化载体2熄火后,PLC控制器CPU14将关闭主火电磁阀8,并进行熄火后吹扫,当温度传感器13检测催化剂载体2的温度达到常温T0时,PLC控制器CPU14将发出指令停止风机3运行。In the catalytic combustion stage, if the flameout is artificially ordered or after the visible light detector 16 detects that the catalytic carrier 2 is flameout, the PLC controller CPU14 will close the main fire electromagnetic valve 8, and carry out purging after flameout. When the temperature reaches the normal temperature T0, the PLC controller CPU14 will issue an instruction to stop the fan 3 from running.

上述实施例是针对燃气为天然气催化燃烧描述的,但本发明不限于上述实施例。本发明适合所有类型的燃气催化燃烧控制,如煤层气、沼气、煤气、石油液化气、热裂解油制气、催化裂解油制气等。只需根据不同的燃气成分,选用适合该燃气成分的催化剂和对应的点火燃气混合浓度L1(略大于燃气爆炸浓度上限)、预热普通燃烧燃气混合浓度L2(略小于理论完全燃烧浓度)和催化燃烧燃气混合浓度L3(最佳催化燃烧浓度),重新设定比例调节阀5和针阀7的开度,通过本发明的催化燃烧控制系统即可达到催化燃烧控制的目的。The above embodiments are described for the catalytic combustion of natural gas as the fuel gas, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The invention is suitable for all types of gas catalytic combustion control, such as coal bed methane, marsh gas, coal gas, petroleum liquefied gas, thermal cracking oil to gas, catalytic cracking oil to gas and the like. It is only necessary to select a catalyst suitable for the gas composition and the corresponding ignition gas mixing concentration L1 (slightly greater than the upper limit of the gas explosion concentration), preheating ordinary combustion gas mixing concentration L2 (slightly lower than the theoretical complete combustion concentration) and catalytic Combustion gas mixed concentration L3 (optimum catalytic combustion concentration), resetting the opening of the proportional control valve 5 and the needle valve 7, through the catalytic combustion control system of the present invention can achieve the purpose of catalytic combustion control.

Claims (7)

1. a control system for catalytic combustion is used to control the combustion reaction of catalytic burner (1), it is characterized in that: it is connected to form by fluid premix control system and PLC control device two large divisions;
Fluid premix control system comprises: a typhoon machine (a 3) series connection venturi mixer (4), be used for purging catalytic burner (1) and utilize venturi mixer (4) injection gas and carry out even premix, the air outlet of venturi mixer (4) is connected with the air inlet of catalytic burner (1), the trunnion inlet scoop of venturi mixer (4) is connected with a ratio adjusting valve (5), be used for setting best combustion gas of catalytic combustion stage-air pre-mixing concentration, the import of ratio adjusting valve (5) is connected with the outlet of a zero-pressure valve (6), be used for guaranteeing that combustion gas is near normal pressure, the import and export two ends of zero-pressure valve (a 6) needle-valve (7) in parallel is used for setting the best combustion gas-air pre-mixing concentration of preheating flaming phase of lighting a fire;
The PLC control device comprises:
A PLC controller CPU (14);
One is connected and is used to control the frequency converter (15) of blower fan (3) incoming frequency f with PLC controller CPU (14) control signal output;
A D/A switch module (18) that connects the input of PLC controller CPU (14) control signal output and frequency converter (15) respectively;
Temperature that is used to detect catalyst carrier, be used to control the temperature sensor (13) of constant temperature catalytic combustion;
A mould/number conversion module (17) that is connected and is connected with temperature sensor (13) signal with PLC controller CPU (14) signal input part;
One is connected in combustion gas and is responsible in (20), is used to the main thermoelectricity magnet valve (8) controlling combustion gas premix switch and be connected with zero-pressure valve (6);
Switch that is used for control point firearm (11), be connected the igniter solenoid valve (9) of combustion gas arm (21);
An ignition transformer (10) that is used for igniter (11) discharge igniting;
One places near the igniter, is used for ultraviolet ray that whether judging point firearm (11) and catalyst carrier (2) lighted pop one's head in (12);
A visible-light detector (16) that places catalyst carrier (2) the place ahead and be connected with PLC controller CPU (14) signal;
A text display that is connected with PLC controller CPU (14) signal.
2. control system for catalytic combustion according to claim 1 is characterized in that: said catalyst carrier (2) is honeycomb ceramic carrier or metallic carrier, and catalyst in load on the carrier.
3. an application rights requires the catalytic combustion control method of 1 described control system for catalytic combustion, it is characterized in that: by the incoming frequency of PLC controller CPU (14) by frequency converter (15) control blower fan (3), the incoming frequency of blower fan (3) is directly proportional with the air mass flow of output, when air passes through the nozzle of venturi mixer (4), around nozzle, form the negative pressure injection gas, by the combustion gas of injection one by zero-pressure valve (6), the combustion gas normal flow by zero-pressure valve (6) becomes geometric ratio to concern with the standard air flow of injection gas; Another burst combustion gas is by the needle-valve (7) in parallel with zero-pressure valve (6), standard gas flow substantially constant by needle-valve (7), after merging, two bursts of combustion gas enter hybrid chamber and the divergent segment and the even premix of air of venturi through ratio adjusting valve (5), combustion gas is relevant by the Reynolds number or the flow of Venturi nozzle with the premix concentration and the air of air, when Reynolds number hour, combustion gas and Air mixing concentration are bigger, increase gradually along with Reynolds number, combustion gas and Air mixing concentration reduce gradually, after Reynolds number is greater than a value, combustion gas and Air mixing concentration no longer change with the increase of Reynolds number, mix the Reynolds number of control and the relation of combustion gas mixing concentration according to fluid, incoming frequency by control blower fan (3), control igniting respectively, preheating, different combustion gas that catalytic combustion is required and air melting concn, and in catalytic combustion stage control catalytic combustion power or temperature.
4. an application rights requires the catalytic combustion control method of 1 described control system for catalytic combustion, it is characterized in that step is as follows:
Step 1: the operation beginning, PLC controller CPU (14) starts blower fan (3) by frequency converter (15);
Step 2: preceding purging, be increased to the purging frequency by frequency converter (15) control blower fan frequency, the incoming frequency of frequency converter (15) is directly proportional with the output flow of blower fan (3), and air enters catalytic burner (1) by venturi mixer (4), finishes preceding purging;
Step 3: igniter igniting, after preceding purging is finished, PLC controller CPU (14) is reduced to spark rate by frequency converter (15) with the incoming frequency of blower fan (3), and conducting ignition transformer (10) discharge sparking, open igniter solenoid valve (9) simultaneously, combustion gas is by combustion gas arm (21) inlet point firearm (11), and igniter (11) is lighted, if igniter (11) is not lighted, then close igniter solenoid valve (9);
Step 4: catalytic burner igniting, after igniter (11) is lighted, open main thermoelectricity magnet valve (8), after combustion gas converges by zero-pressure valve (6) and needle-valve (7) from the combustion gas person in charge (20), passing ratio control valve (5) enters venturi mixer (4) evenly to be mixed with air, combustion gas and Air mixing concentration are slightly larger than the explosion ratio upper limit of combustion gas, and combustion gas mixing gas enters catalytic burner (1), are lighted by igniter (11) during by catalyst carrier (2); If catalyst carrier (2) is not lighted, then can close main thermoelectricity magnet valve (8), blower fan (3) carries out post-purge, again igniting;
Step 5: preheating, after lighting a fire successfully, increase the frequency of blower fan (3), after frequency reaches preheating control point frequency, combustion gas and Air mixing concentration are slightly less than combustion gas theoretically complete combustion concentration, it is constant to keep pre-heat frequency, closes igniter solenoid valve (9), and catalyst carrier (2) is in the ordinary combustion warm-up phase;
Step 6: initiation temperature detects, if the detected temperatures of temperature sensor (13) is lower than the initiation temperature of catalyst, it is constant to keep preheating control point frequency, continue the ordinary combustion preheating, along with preheat temperature raises gradually, when reaching initiation temperature, increase blower fan (3) frequency, arrive catalytic combustion until frequency and stablize initial frequency or set the pairing frequency of catalytic combustion temperature;
Step 7: design temperature is judged, make blower fan keep the pairing frequency of temperature that catalytic combustion is stablized initial frequency or setting by the PLC control system, if detecting ignition temperature, temperature sensor (13) is lower than design temperature, then increase the blower fan controlled frequency, if ignition temperature is higher than design temperature, then reduce the blower fan controlled frequency, the increment of blower fan control increase and decrease frequency is 0.01~1Hz/s;
Step 8: catalytic combustion control, burning enters catalytic combustion after the stage, and repeating step 7 is judged by temperature, and the frequency of increase and decrease blower fan makes catalytic burner (1) automatic control constant temperature catalytic combustion between initiation temperature and maximum limit temperature;
Step 9: stop or misfire detection, in the catalytic combustion stabilization sub stage, if order is flame-out or visible-light detector (16) to detect catalyst carrier (2) flame-out, then can enter step 10, if not, then return step 7;
Step 10: close main thermoelectricity magnet valve (8), blower fan enters step 11 after purging catalytic burner (1);
Step 11: finish, blower fan stops.
5. catalytic combustion control method according to claim 4 is characterized in that: in step 2, the frequency increment that frequency converter increases is 0.1~1Hz/s.
6. whether catalytic combustion control method according to claim 4 is characterized in that: in step 3, connect in 8 seconds at ignition transformer (10), put by ultraviolet ray probe (12) judging point firearm (11) and catch fire.
7. catalytic combustion control method according to claim 4 is characterized in that: in step 7, by the preheat temperature or the catalytic combustion temperature of temperature sensor (13) detection catalyst carrier (2), carry out temperature and judge.
CNB2006102012418A 2006-12-08 2006-12-08 Catalytic combustion control system Expired - Fee Related CN100422639C (en)

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