CN100416381C - Liquid crystal display device - Google Patents

Liquid crystal display device Download PDF

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Publication number
CN100416381C
CN100416381C CNB2005101188428A CN200510118842A CN100416381C CN 100416381 C CN100416381 C CN 100416381C CN B2005101188428 A CNB2005101188428 A CN B2005101188428A CN 200510118842 A CN200510118842 A CN 200510118842A CN 100416381 C CN100416381 C CN 100416381C
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liquid crystal
lcd
ridge
substrate
electrode
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CN1769983A (en
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荻岛清志
久保真澄
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Sharp Corp
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Sharp Corp
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Abstract

The liquid crystal display device of this invention includes a vertical alignment type liquid crystal layer between a first substrate and a second substrate. A picture element region is defined by a first electrode provided on the surface of the first substrate facing the liquid crystal layer and a second electrode provided on the surface of the second substrate facing the liquid crystal layer. The first substrate has at least one first protrusion with an inclined side face on the surface thereof facing the liquid crystal layer in each of the plurality of picture element regions. A portion of the liquid crystal layer included in each of the plurality of picture element regions is in a substantially vertical orientation state under application of no voltage, and includes at least a part of a first liquid crystal domain placed in a radially-inclined orientation state about the first protrusion under voltage application. A display is produced by changing the orientation state of the liquid crystal layer in accordance with an applied voltage.

Description

LCD
The application be that April 11, application number in 2002 are 021246920 the applying date, denomination of invention divides an application for the application for a patent for invention of " LCD ".
Invention field
The present invention relates to LCD, relate in particular to LCD with wide visual angle characteristic and high display quality.
Recently, the LCD of Bao Heliang is used as the display of personal computer demonstration or the display unit of portable information terminal equipment.But traditional twisted-nematic (TN) or supertwist have the shortcoming at narrow visual angle to row (STN) LCD, and have developed various technology and be used to overcome this shortcoming.
The typical technology that improves TN or stn liquid crystal display viewing angles feature is the additional method that optical compensator is provided.Another kind of technology is will be applied to the transverse field method of substrate surface at the electric field of horizontal direction by liquid crystal layer.The LCD of transverse field method is produced in enormous quantities recently and is looked at as device likely.Another technology is DAP (distortion of perpendicular alignmnet phase place), and the nematic liquid crystal material that wherein has the negativity medium anisotropy is used as liquid crystal material, and the perpendicular alignmnet film is used as aligning film.DAP is a kind of ECB electrically controlled birefringence (ECB) method, and wherein transmissivity is to control by the birefringent characteristic that utilizes liquid crystal molecule.
Although the transverse field method is to be used to one of effective ways that reach at wide visual angle, with comparing of general TN LCD, its production surplus is very little in production run, and therefore, the steady production of such LCD is inconvenient.This is because the gap scrambling between substrate and the polarising sheet axis of homology (polaxis) depart from brightness and contrast's coefficient that the liquid crystal molecular orientation axle greatly influences demonstration.In order stably to produce the LCD of transverse field method by highly precisely controlling these factors, this technology should further be developed to heavens.
And, in order to produce the even demonstration of breaking away from by the demonstration unevenness of the LCD of DAP method, control get be both necessary.In order to control orientation, registration process is to realize by the surface of grinding aligning film.But, when the process milled processed of the surface of perpendicular alignmnet film, in the image that shows, cause the grinding striped easily.Therefore, this processing is not suitable for batch process.
On the other hand, for without milled processed control orientation, (for example illustrating) proposed in Japanese laid-open patent publication number JP6-301036 and 2000-47217 by method by the tilting electric field control liquid crystal molecular orientation direction that forms narrow slit (opening) generation at electrode.But the inventor has been found that following check result: the state of orientation corresponding to a part of liquid crystal layer of electrode opening describes in detail in these publication disclosed methods, and the continuity of liquid crystal molecular orientation is inadequate.Therefore, it is difficult obtaining the stable orientations state on whole image cell, and therefore shown image becomes non-homogeneous unfriendly.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is used for overcoming aforesaid drawbacks, the purpose of this invention is to provide the LCD with wide visual angle characteristic and high display quality.
LCD of the present invention comprises first substrate; Second substrate; Be arranged in the liquid crystal layer between first substrate and second substrate; And a plurality of image cells district, each image cell district is by in the face of first electrode that provides on first substrate surface of liquid crystal layer with in the face of second electrode definition that provides on second substrate surface of liquid crystal layer, and first substrate has each first the protruding of inclined side corresponding to this a plurality of image cells district at it in the face of having at least one on the surface of liquid crystal layer, and a part of liquid crystal layer that comprises in each in this a plurality of image cells district is to be in not have the perpendicular state of orientation of voltage under applying, with comprise at least a portion first liquid crystal territory, its be positioned in voltage apply under about the radial skew state of orientation of at least one first protrusion, be used for by changing the aligned liquid crystal layer state and produce demonstration according to applying voltage.Therefore can realize above-mentioned purpose.
At least one first protrusion can be formed in each of a plurality of image cells district.
First to protrude quantitatively can be a plurality of at least one, and the liquid crystal layer part that comprises in each of a plurality of image cells district can comprise a plurality of first liquid crystal territories, and it all is positioned in the radial skew state of orientation of voltage under applying.
First electrode can comprise at least one first opening, and at least one first protrusion can be formed within this at least one first opening.
Face on the surface of liquid crystal layer at it, second substrate preferably has at least one second protrusion, it has the inclined side corresponding to each of a plurality of image cells district, and the liquid crystal layer that comprises in each of a plurality of image cells district part comprises at least a portion second liquid crystal territory under voltage applies, it is in about at least one second radial skew state of orientation of protruding, and making the vergence direction of the liquid crystal molecule in the liquid crystal territory of winning can be continuous with the vergence direction of liquid crystal molecule in the second liquid crystal territory.
Second electrode can have at least one second opening, the liquid crystal layer part that comprises in each of a plurality of image cells district can comprise the second liquid crystal territory under voltage applies, the radial skew state of orientation that it is in about at least one second opening, making the vergence direction of the liquid crystal molecule in the liquid crystal territory of winning can be continuous with the vergence direction of liquid crystal molecule in the second liquid crystal territory.
Second electrode can have at least one second opening, and at least one second protrusion can be formed at least one second opening.
At least one second protrudes a plurality of second protruding of forming outside each that can be included in a plurality of image cells district.
This at least one first section of doing along first substrate surface that protrudes is preferably has rotational symmetric shape.
In addition, this at least one first section of doing along first substrate surface that protrudes can be for round-shaped basically.
In addition, this at least one first section of doing along first substrate surface that protrudes can be cross-like shape basically, and it is by constituting with the cross one another cross spider in right angle basically of stretching along first direction and second direction.
LCD can also comprise a pair of polarising sheet that is provided at respectively on first substrate and the second substrate outside surface, so that this can be arranged in such a way polarising sheet, make this polaxis to one of polarising sheet be parallel to first direction, this another polaxis to polarising sheet is parallel to second direction.
The shape of at least one first opening of looking from the first substrate normal direction has rotational symmetry.
This at least one second section of doing along second substrate surface that protrudes is preferably has rotational symmetric shape.
The shape of at least one second opening of looking from the second substrate normal direction has rotational symmetry.
It quantitatively is a plurality of that at least one first protrusion is preferably, and at least some these a plurality of first protrusions are configured to have rotational symmetry.
It quantitatively is a plurality of that at least one first opening is preferably, and at least some these a plurality of first openings are configured to have rotational symmetry.
It quantitatively is a plurality of that at least one second protrusion is preferably, and at least some these a plurality of second protrusions are configured to have rotational symmetry.
It quantitatively is a plurality of that at least one second opening is preferably, and at least some these a plurality of second openings are configured to have rotational symmetry.
First protrudes and/or second inclined side that protrudes is tilted facing to the surface of the surface of first substrate and/or second substrate and is preferably 5 and spends to 85 degree and most preferably be 50 degree or littler angles.
Each of a plurality of image cells district can have a plurality of parts, it has the liquid crystal layer of different-thickness, at least one of first substrate and second substrate can have differential (leveldifferences) between a plurality of parts, and this differential can covering by first electrode or second electrode.In this case, at least some these at least one first protrusions are preferably with this differential encirclement.
This structure is adopted in LCD effectively especially, wherein first electrode comprises transparency electrode and reflecting electrode, each of this a plurality of image cells zone comprises and is used for the regional transmission that produce to show with transmission mode and produces the reflector space that shows with reflective-mode, and liquid crystal layer has than at the bigger thickness of reflector space at regional transmission.
First substrate can also comprise the active cell that each provided corresponding to this a plurality of image cells zone, first electrode can be corresponding to being provided at respectively by the image cell electrode in a plurality of image cells zone of active cell conversion, and second electrode can corresponding to facing at least one of image cell electrode to electrode.Electrode generally is formed in the single electrode that stretches on the whole viewing area.
Second substrate can also comprise the active cell that each provided corresponding to this a plurality of image cells zone, second electrode can be corresponding to being provided at respectively by the image cell electrode in a plurality of image cells zone of active cell conversion, and first electrode can corresponding to facing at least one of image cell electrode to electrode.
Function of the present invention is as follows:
LCD of the present invention is the LCD of vertical alignment mode, and wherein liquid crystal layer is in vertical orientated state basically not applying under the voltage.The perpendicular alignmnet type liquid crystal layer generally obtains by the nematic liquid crystal material that comes orientation to have the negativity medium anisotropy with the perpendicular alignmnet film.Each a plurality of protrusion that all have an inclined side is provided at and is arranged such that on one of the pair of substrate of clamping this liquid crystal layer (for example TFT substrate).Because facing to inclined side (generally being covered by the perpendicular alignmnet film) orientation of ridge, the liquid crystal molecule that occurs around protruding is about protruding radially to be tilted by vertically for liquid crystal molecule.Except near the liquid crystal molecule that occurs the ridge inclined side, most of liquid crystal molecules are to be in vertical orientated state.
When voltage was applied to liquid crystal layer, liquid crystal molecule tilted in these directions, and these directions are matched with the direction of orientation that causes the liquid crystal molecule that tilts because of ridge inclined side effect (orientation adjusting power or so-called pull-out capacity).The inclined degree of liquid crystal molecule (being the angle of inclination) depends on the intensity of electric field, and along with electric field is stronger, liquid crystal molecule is tilted biglyyer and is oriented as comparison near on the direction of horizontal direction.The vergence direction of the liquid crystal molecule that the vergence direction of liquid crystal molecule with pull-out capacity by the ridge inclined side and radially tilts about ridge is consistent.Therefore, applying under the voltage, the liquid crystal territory in the radial skew state of orientation is formed in the liquid crystal layer.In being placed in the liquid crystal territory of radial skew state of orientation, liquid crystal molecule is orientated along all azimuth directions.As a result, on all azimuth directions, the visual angle characteristic of LCD can be enhanced.
Provide a plurality of protrusions corresponding to the image cell zone, make territory can be formed in each image cell zone of liquid crystal layer with radial skew orientation.For example, at least one protrusion is provided in each image cell zone, so that form the territory that has about the radial skew orientation of this protrusion in the image cell zone of liquid crystal layer.In addition, a plurality of protrusions be provided at this image cell zone around (for example corresponding to source electrode line, the part of gate line etc.), make the image cell zone of liquid crystal layer can comprise one group of area part in a plurality of territories, it has the radial skew orientation that forms about this protrusion respectively.Much less, these two structures can make up.
In LCD of the present invention, the territory with radial skew orientation is to form by the orientation adjusting power of utilizing the ridge inclined side.Because the orientation that is caused by inclined side is regulated power and is also acted on not applying under the voltage, even the orientation of liquid crystal layer is for example disturbed owing to LCD is impacted, when being removed, the external force that is applied to liquid crystal material can recover about the radial skew orientation of this protrusion.Therefore, LCD of the present invention is advantageous to traditional LCD, and wherein the radial skew orientation is by utilizing the tilting electric field that is produced by the electrode with opening (slit) to form.
The indicating characteristic of LCD has been showed the position angle relation that comes from liquid crystal molecular orientation state (optical anisotropy).In order to reduce the position angle relation of indicating characteristic, liquid crystal molecule preferably is orientated along each azimuth direction with equal probability.And the liquid crystal molecule within each image cell zone preferably is orientated along each azimuth direction with equal probability.Therefore, ridge preferably has this shape, makes the liquid crystal territory to be formed and makes with equal probability along each azimuth direction aligned liquid-crystal molecule in each image cell zone.
When the section of doing along substrate surface when ridge had the rotation symmetry, it was uniform that visual angle characteristic can be made into along all azimuth directions.Section shape preferably has high rotational symmetry, has dual turning axle or more preferably has four or more multiple turning axle (for example as in square and circle).
And, along with the area of ridge inclined side is bigger, just heal big to the orientation of the liquid crystal molecule power of regulating.For example, when ridge had basically criss-cross section, the area of inclined side can comparatively increase, and made that comparatively increasing the orientation of liquid crystal molecule regulates power.Therefore, radial skew orientation can be increased by further stable and response speed.And, when ridge has basically criss-cross section, be arranged to by making that to intersect the polaxis direction of a pair of polarising sheet of Nicols state and the cross spider direction of intersecting (promptly with the cross one another direction in right angle) basically consistent, also can improve transmitance and contrast rating.
When a plurality of ridge was provided, by a plurality of ridges being arranged to rotate symmetric offset spread (for example in grid square is arranged), the liquid crystal territory with radial skew orientation can be formed uniformly.
Except the set effect of ridge inclined side, the orientation adjusting power that the orientation of liquid crystal molecule can also cause by the tilting electric field that utilization is produced by the electrode with opening is stabilized.When ridge is formed in the opening of electrode, the orientation that causes by tilting electric field regulate power direction can to regulate the direction of power consistent with the orientation that is caused by inclined side, and therefore, liquid crystal molecule can be placed on the radial skew state of orientation with being stabilized.See that from normal direction in the past opening shape also is preferably and has rotational symmetry, and be preferably identical with the ridge section shape (similar).Much less, opening can be placed on the position that is different from ridge.But under the situation that a plurality of openings are provided, they preferably are arranged such that to have rotational symmetry.And ridge and opening preferably are arranged in the arrangement with complementary rotational symmetry.For example, suppose that opening is replaced by ridge, then they preferably are arranged such that and are comprised that these a plurality of ridges that are replaced ridge can have the rotation symmetry.
Be provided under the situation in the image cell zone at a plurality of ridges and/or opening, arrange them and make that to have rotation symmetry on whole image cell zone always not necessary.For example, square lattice (symmetry with quadruple turning axle) is used as least unit, so that form the image cell zone from the combination of this square lattice, liquid crystal molecule can be directed along all azimuth directions with the probability that equates basically on all image cell zones.In other words, a part of liquid crystal layer that comprises in each image cell zone can be formed one group of liquid crystal territory, and it is aligned to (perhaps axial symmetry) (a plurality of liquid crystal territory during for example, square lattice is arranged) that have rotational symmetry.
In LCD of the present invention, the orientation of liquid crystal molecule can be by also providing ridge and/or opening further to be stablized on second substrate (for example to substrate or color filter substrate), and this substrate is facing to first substrate that ridge and/or opening are provided on it.Because by regulating power in the orientation that causes in the face of the ridge that provides on second substrate surface of liquid crystal layer and/or opening, the liquid crystal territory with radial skew orientation is formed applying under the voltage.
Radial skew orientation about each ridge of second substrate and/or opening preferably is formed mutually continuous with the radial skew orientation about each ridge of first substrate and/or opening.For this purpose, when when the vertical direction substrate is seen, preferably be aligned at the ridge that provides on first substrate and/or opening ridge and/or the opening that provides on second substrate is not provided.Each ridge and/or opening preferably are arranged in has above-mentioned rotational symmetry.Therefore, when they were arranged to square grillages row, the lattice point that ridge that provides on each substrate and/or opening are arranged such that the square lattice that formed by the ridge of second substrate and/or opening was laid respectively at the square center of a lattice that ridge and/or opening by first substrate form.Much less, first substrate and second substrate can mutual alternative.
Reveal owing to can be caused light in part corresponding to ridge, thus ridge be preferably provided in the image cell zone around in (for example in part) or the zone such as the unit of storage capacitance line of not transmitting light that in corresponding to the image cell zone, comprises corresponding to sweep trace or signal wire.When ridge is disposed in this part, can suppress the reduction of display quality.
In LCD of the present invention, protrusion is formed on the substrate (for example TFT substrate or colored substrate) at least, and the stabilizing solution domain that therefore, is placed in the radial skew state of orientation under applying voltage can be formed in the perpendicular alignmnet type liquid crystal layer.
Especially, have in so-called many clearance systems LCD of different-thickness liquid crystal layer at an image cell intra-zone, such as have in each image cell zone see through district and echo area through/combinations of reflections type LCD (for example disclosed in day disclosure unexamined patent JP11-101992), the orientation of its liquid crystal molecule easily is subjected to the interference that causes because of differential effect.Therefore, in this LCD, the liquid crystal territory with enough stable radial skew orientation is only by using the orientation adjusting power that is caused by tilting electric field to be difficult to form.But, according to the present invention, liquid crystal molecular orientation is by being suppressed by the electric field that is produced by the electrode of differential covering because of the differential uncontinuity that causes, and by using the orientation that is caused by inclined side to regulate power, the ridge with suitable inclined side is provided as the center that forms the radial skew orientation that makes.As a result, can realize stable radial skew orientation.Particularly, when ridge surrounded with the basis that is coated with electrode, liquid crystal molecular orientation can be suppressed effectively because of the differential uncontinuity that causes.
By this way, the visual angle characteristic of LCD can improve by the present invention.Therefore, when the present invention is applied to active matrix liquid crystal display especially, can produces and have very high-quality demonstration.
The accompanying drawing summary
Figure 1A is the schematic top view that is used to represent according to the structure in an image cell zone of the LCD 100 of the embodiment of the invention 1, and Figure 1B is its sectional view that the line 1B-1B ' along Figure 1A does;
Fig. 2 A and 2B are the fragmentary cross-sectional views according to another LCD 110 of embodiment 1, and Figure 1A especially schematically express do not have voltage apply under the state of orientation of liquid crystal molecule 31, Figure 1B schematically is illustrated in the situation (middle gray step voltage) of voltage under applying;
Fig. 3 A is the schematic top view of structure in an image cell zone that is used to represent another LCD 120 of embodiment 1, and Fig. 3 B is its sectional view that the line 3B-3B ' along Fig. 3 A does;
Fig. 4 A is the schematic top view of structure in an image cell zone that is used to represent another LCD 130 of embodiment 1, and Fig. 4 B is its sectional view that the line 4B-4B ' along Fig. 4 A does;
Fig. 5 A is the schematic top view of structure in an image cell zone that is used to represent another LCD 150 of embodiment 1, and Fig. 5 B is its sectional view that the line 5B-5B ' along Fig. 5 A does;
Fig. 6 is the synoptic diagram that is used to represent by voltage being added to the electric field that use equipotential line EQ that Fig. 5 B liquid crystal layer 30 produces expresses;
Fig. 7 A, 7B, 7C and 7D are used to explain the synoptic diagram that is applied to the orientation adjusting power of liquid crystal molecule 31 by electric field;
Fig. 8 A and 8B are the fragmentary cross-sectional views of LCD 150, and Fig. 8 A especially schematically express do not have voltage apply under the state of orientation of liquid crystal molecule 31, Fig. 8 B schematically is illustrated in the situation (middle gray step voltage) of voltage under applying;
Fig. 9 A and 9B are the synoptic diagram of the state of orientation of the liquid crystal molecule 31 seen from LCD 150 substrate top surface, and Fig. 9 A expresses especially and do not having the situation of voltage under applying, and Fig. 9 B is illustrated in the situation of voltage under applying;
Figure 10 A, 10B and 10C are used for explaining at the protrusion 16 that LCD of the present invention is used and the synoptic diagram of the relation of the position between the opening 12a;
Figure 11 A is the top view of structure in an image cell zone that is used for schematically representing another LCD 160 of embodiment 1, and Figure 11 B is its sectional view that the line 11B-11B ' along Figure 11 A does;
Figure 12 is the synoptic diagram that applied under the liquid crystal layer 30 of LCD 160 state of orientation of the liquid crystal molecule of seeing from substrate top surface 31 at voltage;
Figure 13 A is the top view of structure in an image cell zone that is used for schematically representing another LCD 170 of embodiment 1, and Figure 13 B is its sectional view that the line 13B-13B ' along Figure 13 A does;
Figure 14 is the synoptic diagram that is used to represent by voltage being added to the electric field that use equipotential line EQ that Figure 13 B liquid crystal layer 30 produces expresses;
Figure 15 is the synoptic diagram that applied under the liquid crystal layer 30 of LCD 170 state of orientation of the liquid crystal molecule of seeing from substrate top surface 31 at voltage;
Figure 16 A is the top view of structure in an image cell zone that is used for schematically representing another LCD 180 of embodiment 1, and Figure 16 B is its sectional view that the line 16B-16B ' along Figure 16 A does;
Figure 17 A, 17B and 17C are used for the synoptic diagram of expression according to the structure in the image cell zone of embodiment 2 composite type LCD 200 and 200 ', especially, Figure 17 A is the top view of composite type LCD 200, and Figure 17 B is that the top view of composite type LCD 200 ' and Figure 17 C are the sectional views that the line 17C-17C ' along Figure 17 A and 17B does;
Figure 18 A is the top view of structure in an image cell zone that is used for schematically representing another composite type LCD 210 of embodiment 2, and Figure 18 B is its sectional view that the line 18B-18B ' along Figure 18 A does;
Figure 19 A is the top view of structure in an image cell zone that is used for schematically representing another composite type LCD 220 of embodiment 2, and Figure 19 B is its sectional view that the line 19B-19B ' along Figure 19 A does;
Figure 20 A and 20B are respectively the top views of composite type LCD 210 and 220;
Figure 21 A, 21B, 21C and 21D are respectively the top views that is used for schematically representing the structure in other composite type LCD 240,250,260 of embodiment 2 and an image cell zone of 270;
Figure 22 A is the top view of structure in an image cell zone that is used for schematically representing another composite type LCD 280 of embodiment 2, and Figure 22 B is its sectional view that the line 22B-22B ' along Figure 22 A does;
Figure 23 is the top view of structure in an image cell zone that is used for schematically representing another composite type LCD 300 of embodiment 2;
Figure 24 is the top view of structure in an image cell zone that is used for schematically representing another composite type LCD 310 of embodiment 2;
Figure 25 is the sectional view of structure that is used for schematically an image cell zone of the composite type LCD 310 done along the line 25A-25A ' of Figure 24;
Figure 26 is the top view of structure in an image cell zone that is used for schematically representing another composite type LCD 320 of embodiment 2;
Figure 27 A is the top view of structure in an image cell zone that is used for schematically representing another composite type LCD 300A of embodiment 2, and Figure 27 B is its sectional view;
Figure 28 A is the top view of structure in an image cell zone that is used for schematically representing another composite type LCD 300B of embodiment 2, and Figure 28 B is its sectional view;
Figure 29 A is the top view of structure in an image cell zone that is used for schematically representing another composite type LCD 300C of embodiment 2, and Figure 29 B is its sectional view;
Figure 30 A is the top view of structure in an image cell zone that is used for schematically representing another composite type LCD 300D of embodiment 2, and Figure 30 B is its sectional view;
Figure 31 is the synoptic diagram that is used to be illustrated in the state of orientation of liquid crystal molecule 31 under the liquid crystal layer 330 that voltage applied composite type LCD 300D;
Figure 32 A is the top view of structure in an image cell zone that is used for schematically representing another composite type LCD 300E of embodiment 2, and Figure 32 B is its sectional view;
Figure 33 A is the top view of structure in an image cell zone that is used for schematically representing another composite type LCD 300F of embodiment 2, and Figure 33 B is its sectional view;
Figure 34 A is the top view of structure in an image cell zone that is used for schematically representing another composite type LCD 300G of embodiment 2, and Figure 34 B is its sectional view;
Figure 35 A is the top view of structure in an image cell zone that is used for schematically representing another composite type LCD 300H of embodiment 2, and Figure 35 B is its sectional view;
Figure 36 A is the top view of structure in an image cell zone that is used for schematically representing another composite type LCD 300I of embodiment 2, and Figure 36 B is its sectional view;
Figure 37 A is the top view of structure in an image cell zone that is used for schematically representing another composite type LCD 300J of embodiment 2, and Figure 37 B is its sectional view;
Figure 38 A is the top view of structure in an image cell zone that is used for schematically representing another composite type LCD 300K of embodiment 2, and Figure 38 B is its sectional view;
Figure 39 A is the top view of structure in an image cell zone that is used for schematically representing another composite type LCD 300L of embodiment 2, and Figure 39 B is its sectional view;
Figure 40 A is the top view of structure in an image cell zone that is used for schematically representing another composite type LCD 300M of embodiment 2, and Figure 40 B is its sectional view;
Figure 41 A and 41B are the top views that is used for schematically being illustrated in spendable other ridge 16 ' of LCD of the present invention, and Figure 41 C is the sectional view that the line 41C-41C ' along Figure 41 A and 41B does;
Figure 42 is used to represent to comprise the curve that has the LCD that is essentially the circular section ridge and comprise the corresponding speed with the LCD that is essentially cruciform section ridge;
Figure 43 be used to be illustrated in ridge has circular section basically and the transmitance intensity directivity that obtains under the situation of cruciform section basically to the curve of applying voltage (V);
Figure 44 A, 44B and 44C are used to be illustrated in the synoptic diagram that does not apply the state of orientation of liquid crystal molecule 31 under the voltage, especially, Figure 44 A is when the top view with the orientation that obtains when the ridge of cross shape section is provided basically, Figure 44 B is the top view of the orientation that obtains when having that the ridge of circular section is provided basically, and Figure 44 C is the sectional view that the line 44C-44C ' along Figure 44 A and 44B does;
Figure 45 A and 45B are used to be illustrated in the synoptic diagram that applies the state of orientation of liquid crystal molecule 31 under the voltage, especially, Figure 45 A is when the top view with the orientation that obtains when the ridge of circular section is provided basically, and Figure 45 B is when the top view with the orientation that obtains when the ridge of cross shape section is provided basically;
Figure 46 A and 46B are the top schematic view of spendable other ridge 16 ' in LCD of the present invention;
Figure 47 A and 47B are the top schematic view of structure that is used for representing respectively the image cell zone of other composite type LCD 290a of embodiment 2 and 290b;
Figure 48 A and 48B are the top schematic view of structure that is used for representing respectively the image cell zone of other composite type LCD 290c of embodiment 2 and 290d;
Figure 49 is the top view of structure in an image cell zone that is used for schematically representing other composite type LCD 330 of embodiment 2;
Figure 50 is the cross section view of structure that is used for schematically representing an image cell zone of the composite type LCD 330 done along the line 50A-50A ' of Figure 49;
Figure 51 is the top view of structure in an image cell zone that is used for schematically representing other composite type LCD 340 of embodiment 2;
Figure 52 is the top view of structure in an image cell zone that is used for schematically representing other composite type LCD 350 of embodiment 2;
Figure 53 A and 53B are the cross section views of structure that is used for schematically representing respectively an image cell zone of the composite type LCD 350 done along the line 53B-53B ' of the line 53A-53A ' of Figure 52 and Figure 52;
Figure 54 is the top view of structure in an image cell zone that is used for schematically representing other composite type LCD 360 of embodiment 2;
Figure 55 A is used for schematically representing the top view of the structure in an image cell zone of LCD 190 in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention, and Figure 55 B is its sectional view that the line 55B-55B ' along Figure 55 A is done; With
Figure 56 is used for schematically representing the top view of the structure in an image cell zone of composite type LCD 370 in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED
With reference now to the description of drawings preferred embodiment.
Embodiment 1
LCD of the present invention is suitable for being used in the active matrix liquid crystal display with good display characteristic.The active matrix liquid crystal display of using thin film transistor (TFT) (TFT) below in the preferred embodiment by example, it does not limit the present invention.The present invention also is applicable to active matrix liquid crystal display and the passive matrix liquid crystal display that uses MIM.And, in the following embodiments, seeing through the type LCD and see through/combinations of reflections type LCD is by example, and it does not limit the present invention.The present invention also is applicable to the reflection type LCD.
Here, corresponding to the zone of the LCD of " image cell ", promptly the least unit of Xian Shiing is designated as " image cell zone ".In colour liquid crystal display device, R, three " image cells " of G and B are together corresponding to one " pixel ".In active matrix liquid crystal display, image cell zone be by the image cell electrode and facing to this image cell electrode to electrode definition.In addition, in passive matrix liquid crystal display, each intersection region between the row electrode of bar shaped and the column electrode that provides perpendicular to this row electrode is defined as the image cell zone.In the structure that adopts black matrix (blackmatrix), strictly speaking, the whole zone that applies voltage according to the state that will be shown corresponding to the zone of black matrix opening corresponding to the image cell zone.
Now, with reference to the structure of Figure 1A and 1B explanation according to an image cell zone of the LCD 100 of embodiment 1.In following explanation, chromatic filter and black matrix have been omitted for the sake of simplicity.Figure 1A is the top view of seeing from substrate method direction, and Figure 1B is the sectional view that the line 1B-1B ' along Figure 1A does, and Figure 1B represents that liquid crystal layer does not apply the state of voltage.
LCD 100 comprises active matrix substrate (being called " TFT substrate " later on) 10, to substrate (counter substrate) (also being " color filter substrate ") 20 be arranged in TFT substrate 10 and to the liquid crystal layer between the substrate 20 30.The liquid crystal molecule 31 of liquid crystal layer 30 has negative medium anisotropy, and because at TFT substrate 10 and perpendicular alignmnet film (not shown) in the face of providing on the surface to substrate 20 of liquid crystal layer 30, when not having voltage to be applied to liquid crystal layer 30, the surface of perpendicular alignmnet film shown in 31 couples of Figure 1B of liquid crystal molecule is by vertically directed.This state of liquid crystal layer 30 is called vertical orientated state.But, depending on the kind of perpendicular alignmnet film and liquid crystal material, the liquid crystal molecule 31 that is in the liquid crystal layer 30 of vertical orientated state can tilt against the normal on perpendicular alignmnet film surface (substrate surface) a little.Usually, be called vertical orientated state at liquid crystal molecule with state facing to about 85 degree of perpendicular alignmnet film surface tilt or more liquid crystal molecule axle (also crying " axially ") orientation.
The TFT substrate 10 of LCD 100 comprises transparent substrate (such as glass substrate) 11 and the image cell electrode 12 that forms on it.To substrate 20 comprise transparent substrate (such as glass substrate) 21 and its go up formation to electrode 22.According to liquid crystal layer therebetween 30 is applied to the every pair of image cell electrode 12 facing toward mutually and to the voltage of electrode 22, the state of orientation of the liquid crystal layer 30 in each image cell zone is changed by being clipped in.Demonstration is by utilizing following phenomenon to produce, and the variation that promptly sees through the polarized state of light of liquid crystal layer 30 and light quantity and be according to liquid crystal layer 30 state of orientation is changed.
Ridge 16 is formed on the center of the image cell electrode 12 of LCD 100.Ridge 16 is the truncated cone with inclined side 16s and end face 16t.Inclined side 16s is tilted the θ angle against the surface (surface that is parallel to substrate 11) of image cell electrode 12.Ridge 16 can have the cone-shaped that does not have end face 16t.
The surface of ridge 16 has perpendicular alignmnet characteristic (typical case causes because of the perpendicular alignmnet film (not shown) that covers ridge 16), and liquid crystal molecule 31 is vertically directed facing to inclined side 16s and end face 16t because of the set effect quilt of these faces.Because ridge 16 has the circular section of doing along substrate 11 surfaces (shown in Figure 1A), the liquid crystal molecule of location radially is orientated about ridge 16 around ridge 16.Other most of liquid crystal molecules 31 are in vertical orientated state.
When voltage was applied to liquid crystal layer 30 with this state, liquid crystal molecule 31 was tilted to set effects feasible and because of ridge 16 inclined side 16s cause the radial skew orientation of formation and is complementary.As a result, form the liquid crystal territory of radial skew state of orientation.This will be with reference to figure 2A and 2B explanation.Here, liquid crystal molecule 31 is oriented to and applies under the voltage to radially tilting.Therefore, this state of orientation is called " radial skew state of orientation " here.And wherein to be in about a center be that a part of liquid crystal layer of radial skew state of orientation is called the liquid crystal territory here to liquid crystal molecule.
Fig. 2 A and 2B are the fragmentary cross-sectional views that has the LCD 110 of a plurality of ridges 16 in an image cell zone.Fig. 2 A schematically is illustrated in the state of orientation that does not apply liquid crystal molecule 31 under the voltage, and Fig. 2 B schematically is illustrated in the situation under the voltage that applied (middle gray step voltage).
Shown in Fig. 2 A, when not having voltage to apply, only be positioned near each ridge 16 liquid crystal molecule 31 and be oriented to about axis of symmetry SA radially to tilt corresponding to ridge 16 centers.When voltage was applied to liquid crystal layer 30, shown in Fig. 2 B, other liquid crystal molecule that comprises in the image cell zone was oriented to and is complementary about the radial skew of ridge 16 orientation, so that form the liquid crystal territory.In Fig. 2 B, form the center have two ridges 16 respectively as two liquid crystal territories of axis of symmetry SA with have a liquid crystal territory at the axis of symmetry SB at two ridge 16 centers.Have in the liquid crystal territory of the axis of symmetry SB at adjacent ridge 16 centers in order stably to form, a plurality of ridges 16 preferably are arranged in has rotational symmetry.For example, when four ridges 16 are aligned to when having square lattice, radial skew orientation and have in the liquid crystal territory of the axis of symmetry SB at four ridge 16 centers and can form with being stabilized.By this way, being oriented between the liquid crystal territory of liquid crystal molecule 31 is continuous, and this liquid crystal territory is placed in the radial skew state of orientation in the liquid crystal layer of LCD of the present invention.As a result, can realize highly stable radial skew orientation.
Although ridge 16 is truncated cone in the above description, ridge 16 sections of doing along the face of substrate 11 are not limited to circle.But in order to form the liquid crystal territory with stable radial skew orientation, the section of ridge preferably is in the rotation symmetric shape and is more preferably highly rotated symmetric shape, has double turning axle or more preferably has quadruple or rotating multi axle more.
The tiltangle of ridge 16 inclined side 16s is the scope between 5 degree and 85 degree preferably, is used to realize the stable tilted alignment of liquid crystal molecule 31.Do not applying under the voltage, revealing because of the two-fold effect of the liquid crystal molecule 31 of the set effect tilted alignment by inclined side 16s causes causing light, it can reduce contrast rating.Consider this, the tiltangle of ridge 16 inclined side 16s is preferably 50 degree or littler.
Ridge 16 with inclined side can be made from the dielectric material with high permeability.In addition, when ridge 16 is when making with transparent dielectric material, comes from because of the light of the optical path difference of the liquid crystal molecule 31 of the set effect tilted alignment of ridge 16 inclined side 16s and reveal and advantageously to be prevented.Based on the application of LCD, can determine to use the dielectric material of which kind of type.In both of these case, when dielectric material is photosensitive resin, come the step of this dielectric material of composition advantageously to be oversimplified according to the figure of the described opening 12a in back.Regulate power in order to obtain enough orientation, the height with ridge 16 of inclined side is preferably at approximate 05 μ m when liquid crystal layer 30 has approximate 3 μ m thickness and is similar to scope between the 3 μ m.Usually, the height with ridge 16 of inclined side be preferably less than the thickness of liquid crystal layer 30 and greater than approximate its 1/6.
Below, with reference to the structure in an image cell zone of another LCD 120 of figure 3A and 3B explanation embodiment 1.Fig. 3 A is the top view of seeing from the substrate normal direction, and Fig. 3 B is the sectional view that the line 3B-3B ' along Fig. 3 A does.
Except being formed on TFT substrate 10 lip-deep a plurality of first ridges 16 in the face of liquid crystal layer 30, LCD 120 also comprise be formed in the face of liquid crystal layer 30 to substrate 20 lip-deep a plurality of second ridges 26.First ridge 16 ridge 16 with LCD 100 basically is identical, and second ridge 26 is identical with first ridge 16 basically.
As shown in Figure 3A, nine first ridges 16 are arranged to form four square lattice, and second ridge 26 is disposed in four corresponding square centers of a lattice.Four second ridges 26 also form square lattice together.When first ridge 16 and second ridge 26 were so arranged, the radial skew in the liquid crystal territory that forms in the liquid crystal layer 30 under applying voltage orientation can be stablized further.
Although second ridge 26 have basically with present embodiment in the equal height of first ridge 16 and identical shaped, height and shape can suitably be improved.But second ridge 26 also preferably satisfies about first pitch angle of ridge 16 in above-mentioned, section shape, height and the condition of arranging.
Below, with reference to the structure in an image cell zone of another LCD 130 of figure 4A and 4B explanation embodiment 1.Fig. 4 A is the top view of seeing from the substrate normal direction, and Fig. 4 B is the sectional view that the line 4B-4B ' along Fig. 4 A does.
Except being formed on TFT substrate 10 lip-deep a plurality of first ridges 16 in the face of liquid crystal layer 30, LCD 130 comprise be formed on to substrate 20 to a plurality of opening 22a in the electrode 22.Opening 22a corresponding to a part of wherein having removed conducting film of making by conducting film (such as the ITO film) to electrode 22.First ridge 16 ridge 16 with LCD 100 basically is identical.Opening 22a is used for stablizing the radial skew orientation, is similar to second ridge 26 of LCD 120, but only works under the voltage that is different from second ridge 26 applies.The shape of opening 22a and the condition of arranging preferred satisfied second ridge 26.The size of opening 22a is not stipulated especially.And second ridge 26 and opening 22a can be used together.
Below, with reference to the structure in an image cell zone of another LCD 150 of figure 5A and 5B explanation embodiment 1.Fig. 5 A is the top view of seeing from the substrate normal direction, and Fig. 5 B is the sectional view that the line 5B-5B ' along Fig. 5 A does.
LCD 150 is not similar to the orientation that is used to obtain to be used for being formed on radial skew orientation on the substrate 20 of LCD 100 and 200 and regulates the unit of power, but the ridge 16 on TFT substrate 10, has the opening 12a that is formed in the image cell electrode 12.
Shown in Fig. 5 A, nine opening 12a are aligned to and form four square lattice, and a ridge 16 is formed among each opening 12a.Opening 12a is when being toroidal when the substrate normal direction is looked, and ridge 16 also is a toroidal in the section of getting along the direction that is parallel to substrate surface.And the center of opening 12a is consistent with the center of ridge 16.
When not having electric field to be applied to liquid crystal layer 30, only being positioned at ridge 16 liquid crystal molecule on every side is to be in radial skew state of orientation (it is corresponding to fixation layer), shown in Fig. 5 B.This state is identical with the state of Figure 1B, and among Figure 1B, ridge 16 is formed on not to be had on the image cell of the opening 12a electrode 12.When voltage be applied in image cell electrode 12 and to electrode 22 between the time, the electric field that around opening 12a edge, produces, the radial skew of stabilizing liquid crystal molecule 31 orientation thus.The effect of this tilting electric field is with reference now to Fig. 6, and 7A is to 7D, and 8A and 8B describe.
Fig. 6 represents the electric field by the use equipotential line EQ expression that voltage is added to 30 generations of Fig. 5 B liquid crystal layer.Equipotential line EQ is parallel at the image cell electrode 12 in a part of liquid crystal layer at image cell electrode 12 and between to electrode 22 with to the surface of electrode 22.And, equipotential line EQ is descending corresponding to the part of image cell electrode 12 opening 12a, and is formed in a part of liquid crystal layer 30 on the opening 12a edge part (interior periphery that promptly comprises the opening 12a on its border) by the tilting electric field that equipotential line EQ sloping portion is represented.To liquid crystal molecule 31, applied and be used to make the direction of principal axis of liquid crystal molecule 31 to be orientated the moment that is parallel to equipotential line EQ (perpendicular to line of electric force) with negativity medium anisotropy.Therefore, the liquid crystal molecule of arranging in opening 12a edge part 31 is tilted (rotation) in a clockwise direction in the edge part of opening 12a right-hand side, and the edge part of side makes to be parallel to equipotential line EQ orientation counterclockwise to be tilted (rotation) leftward.
Now, explain the variation of liquid crystal molecule 31 orientations to 7D with reference to figure 7A.When in liquid crystal molecule 31, producing electric field, be used to make the direction of principal axis of liquid crystal molecule 31 to be orientated the moment that is parallel to equipotential line EQ and be applied to liquid crystal molecule 31 with negativity medium anisotropy.Shown in Fig. 7 A, when having produced by the electric field of expressing perpendicular to the axial equipotential line EQ of liquid crystal molecule 31, moment is applied to liquid crystal molecule 31, is used to make it to tilt in the clockwise direction or in the counterclockwise direction with identical probability.Therefore, in a part of liquid crystal layer 30 of arranging between the parallel-plate electrode that faces toward mutually, moment is applied to some liquid crystal molecules 31 in a clockwise direction and is applied to other liquid crystal molecule 31 with counter clockwise direction.As a result, according to the voltage that is applied to liquid crystal layer 30, orientation can not be level and smooth the change sometimes.
When the electric field (being tilting electric field) of expressing by equipotential line EQ that tilts facing to liquid crystal molecule 31 direction of principal axis when the edge of the opening 12a of the LCD of representing as Fig. 6 150 part produces, liquid crystal molecule 31 is tilted with less degree of tilt in the direction of orientation that is used for being parallel to equipotential line EQ (counter clockwise direction of figure), shown in Fig. 7 B.And, be positioned in generation by the liquid crystal molecule 31 in the part of the electric field of expressing perpendicular to axial equipotential line EQ to be tilted with the equidirectional that is positioned in another liquid crystal molecule 31 on the equipotential line EQ sloping portion, make their orientation continuously (coupling), shown in Fig. 7 C.
When having applied the electric field of being expressed by the equipotential line EQ with continuous and uneven shown in Fig. 7 D, the liquid crystal molecule 31 that is positioned on the equipotential line EQ flat is oriented on the direction that is complementary with the direction of orientation of being regulated by other liquid crystal molecule 31 that is positioned on the equipotential line EQ sloping portion.Here, " to be positioned on the equipotential line EQ " and mean " will be positioned in the electric field of expressing " by equipotential line EQ.
Because LCD 150 has the ridge 16 that forms in opening 12a, when not having voltage to apply, some liquid crystal molecules 31 vertically are directed to inclined side, and other liquid crystal molecule 31 vertically is directed to horizontal surface, shown in Fig. 8 A.
But when voltage is applied to liquid crystal layer 30, in liquid crystal layer 30, produce the electric field of expressing, and therefore, the liquid crystal molecule 31 in the edge of image cell electrode 12 opening 12a part location is tilted because of the effect of tilting electric field by equipotential line EQ.Although several liquid crystal molecules 31 are only arranged because the set effect of ridge 16 inclined sides is oriented as inclination, scope by the tilting electric field effect is bigger, and even tilts because of the tilting electric field effect at the liquid crystal molecule 31 that does not have voltage to be orientated by perpendicular under applying.The vergence direction of the liquid crystal molecule 31 that is tilted by the tilting electric field that produces in opening 12a edge part mates with the vergence direction of the liquid crystal molecule 31 that is tilted by the set effect of ridge 16 inclined sides that form in opening 12a.Therefore, the radial skew of radial skew orientation ratio Fig. 2 B of Fig. 8 B orientation more stable (although because of Fig. 2 B and 8B be that synoptic diagram does not illustrate difference).
Fig. 9 A and 9B show from the state of orientation of Fig. 8 A that the substrate normal direction of substrate 20 is seen and the liquid crystal molecule 31 shown in the 8B.
Not applying under the voltage shown in Fig. 9 A, only the minority liquid crystal molecule of locating on every side at ridge 16 is oriented inclination, and other liquid crystal molecule of locating in remainder substantially perpendicularly is orientated the accompanying drawing surface.In Fig. 9 A, liquid crystal molecule is not shown for oversimplifying.
Applying under the voltage, liquid crystal molecule 31 is radially tilted about ridge 16, shown in Fig. 9 B.The black end that is drawn as each liquid crystal molecule 31 of elliptical shape means that liquid crystal molecule 31 is tilted feasible black end and should have formed the substrate 10 of the image cell electrode 12 with opening 12a at this than other end is more close.This also is applicable to other following accompanying drawing.
From Fig. 9 B obviously as seen, applying under the voltage, having 9 ridges 16 respectively as 9 liquid crystal territories of their axis of symmetry with have four square centers of a lattice forming by 9 ridges 16 respectively and be formed in the image cell zone of LCD 150 as 4 liquid crystal territories of axis of symmetry.Being oriented between these 13 liquid crystal territories of liquid crystal molecule 31 is continuous (coupling).
The orientation that is caused by tilting electric field is regulated power and is only worked applying under the voltage inevitably, and its intensity depends on the intensity (that is, applying the amplitude of voltage) of electric field.Therefore, and when a little less than the electric field (, it is low applying voltage), the orientation adjusting power that is caused by tilting electric field is weak.So when external force was applied to liquid crystal board, what radial skew orientation can be because of liquid crystal material was unsteady destroyed., enough take by force till the voltage of the tilting electric field of adjusting power in case when destroyed, it can not recover when radial skew orientation up to having applied to be used to produce to show.On the contrary, the effect that the orientation that is caused by ridge 16 inclined sides is regulated power with apply independent from voltage, and be very strong, with identical known to the set effect of aligning film.Therefore, even during, be arranged in identical that near ridge 16 inclined sides liquid crystal molecule 31 keeps that their directions of orientation and radial skew be orientated when radial skew orientation in case because of liquid crystal material unsteady destroyed.So when unsteady the stopping of liquid crystal material, the radial skew orientation can easily be resumed.
In the LCD 150 of embodiment 1, the radial skew orientation causes than only having bigger stability by (for example, the situation in the LCD 120 of Fig. 2) under the situation that forms ridge 16 because of the tilting electric field that the image cell electrode 12 with opening 12a produces.
So far, example has illustrated the image cell electrode 12 of square shape, and is square but the shape of image cell electrode 12 is not limited to.The common shape of image cell electrode 12 is approximately rectangle (comprising square), and therefore, opening 12a can be arranged to square grillages row regularly.Even when image cell electrode 12 is in the shape of non-rectangular shape, opening 12a is arranged (for example being above-mentioned square grillages row) regularly so that be formed on the liquid crystal territory on the whole image cell zone, also can obtain effect of the present invention.
Ridge 16 with inclined side preferably is formed in the opening 12a shown in Figure 10 A and can be formed the marginal portion that makes the periphery of ridge 16 cover opening 12a, shown in Figure 10 B.But undesirable is that the edge 12e of the image cell electrode 12 of close opening 12a is formed on the inclined side of ridge 16, shown in Figure 10 C.When the edge of image cell electrode 12 12e is formed on the inclined side of ridge 16, the orientation power of regulating that is caused by the electric field that produces in this part acts on the orientation that the inclined side by ridge 16 causes and regulates power on contrary direction, cause disturbing the radial skew orientation of liquid crystal molecule.
When clockwise or counterclockwise spiral radial skew orientation, it be that simple radial skew is more stable when being orientated for the radial skew orientation ratio of liquid crystal molecule 31, shown in Fig. 9 B.Here the screw orientation meaning is the state of orientation of the liquid crystal molecule that (being on the substrate plane) does on the liquid crystal layer plane.By will chiral reagent in a small amount being added in the screw orientation that liquid crystal material shows, thickness direction along the liquid crystal layer 30 that is different from general twisted-oriented, the direction of orientation of liquid crystal molecule 31 is that minimum spiral changes, but when seeing in the zonule, the direction of orientation of liquid crystal molecule 31 is minimum changes along the thickness direction of liquid crystal layer 30.Specifically, in the section of being done along any position of liquid crystal layer 30 thickness directions (promptly in any section of doing along the plane that is parallel to this laminar surface), liquid crystal molecule is in identical state of orientation, and to change along the distortion of liquid crystal layer 30 thickness directions be minimum being caused.But, in whole liquid crystal territory, to cause that to a certain degree distortion changes.
When chiral reagent is added in the nematic liquid crystal material with negativity medium anisotropy, applying formation liquid crystal territory under the voltage, in each this liquid crystal territory, liquid crystal molecule 31 is that being in about opening 12a is counterclockwise or clockwise spiral radial skew state of orientation.The hand of spiral depends on the kind of employed chiral reagent.Therefore, apply the liquid crystal territory that is positioned at spiral radial skew state of orientation under the voltage by being formed on, can be made in all liquid crystal territories in the hand of spiral perpendicular to the radial skew liquid crystal molecule 31 around the liquid crystal molecule 31 of substrate surface orientation is identical, causes realizing not having the even demonstration of unevenness.And, owing to, therefore can improve the response speed that voltage is applied to liquid crystal layer 30 being so to determine perpendicular to the hand of spiral around the liquid crystal molecule 31 of substrate surface orientation.
And same in the liquid crystal layer of screw orientation state when having added a large amount of chiral reagents, when as the same when seeing in the zonule in twisted-oriented, the orientation of liquid crystal molecule 31 is spiral changes along the thickness direction of liquid crystal layer 30.
In the orientation of liquid crystal molecule 31 is not under the state of orientation of spiral when changing along the thickness direction of liquid crystal layer 30, perpendicular to or the liquid crystal molecule 31 that is parallel to the polaxis orientation of polarising sheet do not cause the phase place difference of incident light, and therefore, the incident light of the part by being in this orientation is to not contribution of transmitance.For example, when observation comprises when being arranged to intersect the image cell zone of LCD white show state of polarising sheet of N1cols, can be clear that the blanking figure of cross shape at the center, liquid crystal territory of radial skew state of orientation.
On the contrary, in the orientation of liquid crystal molecule 31 is under the state of orientation of spiral when changing along the thickness direction of liquid crystal layer 30, perpendicular to or the liquid crystal molecule 31 that is parallel to the polaxis orientation of polarising sheet also cause the phase place difference of incident light, and can utilize the optical activities of light.Therefore, the incident light of the part by being in this state of orientation can have contribution to transmitance, cause realizing can bright demonstration LCD.For example, when observation comprises when being arranged to intersect the image cell zone of LCD white show state of polarising sheet of N1cols state, at the center, liquid crystal territory of radial skew state of orientation, the blanking figure of cross shape is unclear, and shows it is bright as a whole.In order to improve light utilization efficiency effectively by photo-activity, the twist angle of liquid crystal layer is preferably approximate 90 degree.
Not only under the situation that has formed opening 12a, and forming by the ridge 26 that uses ridge 16 and/or do not forming opening 12a under the situation of radial skew orientation, spiral radial skew orientation is preferred.
Below, with reference to the structure in an image cell zone of another LCD 160 of figure 11A and 11B explanation embodiment 1.Figure 11 A is the top view of seeing from substrate method direction, and Figure 11 B is the sectional view that the line 11B-11B ' along Figure 11 A does.
LCD 160 is corresponding to the device that obtains by the TFT substrate 10 with the TFT substrate 10 replacement liquid crystal displays 120 of LCD 150, and therefore comprise have basically with the TFT substrate 10 of TFT substrate 10 same structures of LCD 150 and have basically with LCD 120 to substrate 20 same structures to substrate 20.
A plurality of opening 12a are disposed in the image cell electrode 12 of TFT substrate 10 with the lattice square arrangement, and one first ridge 16 is formed among each opening 12a.A plurality of second ridges 26 are formed on the surface to substrate 20 in the face of liquid crystal layer 30, make to be arranged in the square center of a lattice that first ridge 16 (with opening 12a) by TFT substrate 10 forms.
Figure 12 is illustrated in LCD 160 and applies under the voltage from the state of orientation of the liquid crystal molecule 31 that the substrate method direction of substrate 20 is observed.As conspicuous from Figure 12, have nine first ridges 16 (with opening 12a) respectively as nine liquid crystal territories of axis of symmetry with have among second ridge 26 that is arranged in four square lattice centers that form by nine first ridges 16 four liquid crystal territories of the heart respectively and apply in LCD 160 and be formed under the voltage in the image cell zone.Liquid crystal molecule 31 to be oriented on the border between these 13 liquid crystal territories be continuous (coupling).
Because the TFT substrate 10 of LCD 160 not only has first ridge 16 but also has opening 12a, more stable in the LCD 120 of radial skew orientation ratio Fig. 3, and response speed can also be enhanced.
Below, with reference to the structure in an image cell zone of another LCD 170 of figure 13A and 13B explanation embodiment 1.Figure 13 A is the top view of seeing from substrate method direction, and Figure 13 B is the sectional view that the line 13B-13B ' along Figure 13 A does.
LCD 170 is included in the opening 22a that forms in the electrode 22, and it replaces second ridge 26 of LCD 160.Opening 22a effect makes that stablize radial skew is orientated, and it is similar to second ridge 26 with reference to the above-mentioned LCD 160 of 4A and 4B.This will illustrate with reference to Figure 14.
Figure 14 represents the electric field by the use equipotential line EQ expression that voltage is added to 30 generations of Figure 13 B liquid crystal layer.As apparent, produce tilting electric field in the marginal portion of opening 12a and opening 22a from Figure 14.The direction that the orientation that is caused by the electric field that produces in opening 22a marginal portion is regulated power is that to regulate the direction of power identical with the orientation that is caused by ridge 26 inclined sides, and this orientation adjusting power effect makes stablizes the radial skew orientation, and it is similar to ridge 26.But the orientation that is caused by electric field is regulated power and is only acted on applying under the voltage, and it is different from the orientation that is caused by ridge 26 inclined sides and regulates power.The shape of opening 22a, size and arrange the same terms that preferably satisfies with to second ridge 26.And second ridge 26 and opening 22a can use together.
When Figure 15 is illustrated in voltage and is applied to LCD 170 times from the state of orientation of liquid crystal molecule 31 that the substrate method direction of substrate 20 is seen.As conspicuous from Figure 15, have nine first ridges 16 (with opening 12a) respectively as nine liquid crystal territories of axis of symmetry with have among the opening 22a that is arranged in four square lattice centers that form by nine first ridges 16 four liquid crystal territories of the heart respectively and apply in LCD 170 and be formed under the voltage in the image cell zone.Liquid crystal molecule 31 to be oriented on the border between these 13 liquid crystal territories be continuous (coupling).
And, in order to increase the orientation on the substrate 20 is regulated power, opening 22a can be formed on have second ridge 26 that is formed in the opening 22a in the electrode 22, as the LCD 180 shown in Figure 16 A and the 16B.
Embodiment 2
The stability of liquid crystal molecule radial skew orientation can be enhanced according to the present invention, and therefore, and when the present invention was applied to having the orientation of liquid crystal molecule wherein and becomes the LCD of structure of instability easily, advantage can show significantly.For example, comprising that an image cell zone has in the LCD of so-called multigap system of liquid crystal layer of different-thickness, such as in each image cell zone, have see through zone and reflector space through in/combinations of reflections type the LCD, therefore the orientation of liquid crystal molecule causes disturbedly easily because of differential, and obtains stablize that radial skew is orientated is difficult.For example, have been found that, even be formed on when being used for producing the electrode of tilting electric field when opening that it is difficult obtaining in this LCD that sufficiently stable radial skew is orientated as the check result of doing by the present invention.
Among the embodiment 2, the present invention is applied to seeing through/combinations of reflections type (being called " composite type " later on) LCD.
With reference now to Figure 17 A,, the structure of the composite type LCD of 17B and 17C explanation embodiment 2.
Figure 17 A is the top view of composite type LCD 200, and Figure 17 B is the top view of composite type LCD 200 ', and Figure 17 C is the sectional view that the line 17C-17C ' along Figure 17 A or 17B does.In these accompanying drawings, color filter, black matrix, TFT etc. are for simply being omitted.
Composite type LCD 200 or 200 ' image cell electrode 212 comprise transparency electrode 212t and reflecting electrode 212r.Transparency electrode 212t has defined and has been used for to see through the regional T that sees through of mode producing demonstration, and reflecting electrode 212r has defined and has been used for producing the reflector space R that shows with reflective-mode.Transparency electrode 212t is for example formed by the ITO layer, and reflecting electrode 212r is for example formed by aluminium lamination.Replace reflecting electrode 212r, can use the combination in transparency conducting layer and reflection horizon.
Liquid crystal layer 230 has than at the bigger thickness of reflector space R seeing through regional T.This is in order to regulate by optical path difference that sees through light that sees through the liquid crystal layer 230 among the regional T and the catoptrical optical path difference of passing through the liquid crystal layer 230 among the reflector space R.It is the thickness of the approximate twice among the reflector space R that liquid crystal layer 230 preferably has in seeing through regional T.
For example form transparency electrode 212t forming reflecting electrode 212r on the insulation course 213 and be formed among the opening 213a of insulation course 213, caused this difference of liquid crystal layer 230 thickness.Transparency electrode 212t is electrically connected to the drain electrode (not shown) of TFT, and reflecting electrode 212r is connected to the transparency electrode 212t among the insulation course 213 opening 213a.Reflecting electrode 212r be formed make to cover by opening 213a cause differential.Much less, opening 213a can be a recess.
More understandable as between Figure 17 A and the 17B, composite type LCD 200 and 200 ' are at reflector space R and see through in the mutual arrangement of regional T and differ from one another.This arrangement is not limited to represented those in the accompanying drawing, but can adopt various arrangements any one.But, can not be used as through regional T in the zone that does not see through the unit of light that has formed such as line (for example sweep trace and signal wire) and TFT.Therefore, when reflector space R was formed in the zone that has formed the unit that does not see through light, the area that can be used for the image cell zone that shows in fact can advantageously be increased.
Composite type LCD 200 or 200 ' have the opening 212a that is formed among the reflecting electrode 212r and be formed in the face of first ridge 216 on the transparency electrode 212t on the TFT substrate surface of liquid crystal layer 230 and also have be formed in the face of liquid crystal layer 230 to electrode 222 lip-deep second ridges 226.As described in detail in embodiment 1, the radial skew of liquid crystal layer 230 liquid crystal molecules orientation can be stabilized by the orientation adjusting power that opening and ridge cause.Self-evident, this structure is not limited in the accompanying drawing represented, but ridge and in electrode or on the opening that forms can be carried out various combinations, as described in example 1 above.
But, when ridge 216 is formed on the transparency electrode 212t, ridge 216 can form in the step of composition transparent resin layer (preferably having photosensitivity), and this transparent resin layer is corresponding to the insulation course 213 that is formed on the transparency electrode 212t that is used to form opening 213a.Therefore, production technology can advantageously be oversimplified.
Equally, reflecting electrode 212r covers preferably that this is differential.When covering like this this when differential, can produce the electric field that is used to form the equipotential line that is parallel to reflecting electrode 212r.Therefore, the radial skew orientation can be than more stable under the situation about covering at differential reflecting electrode 212r of no use.
By this way, according to the present invention, electrode is formed and covers differential so that by using the electric field function to suppress to come from noncontinuity in the differential liquid crystal molecular orientation, and the ridge 216 with suitable inclined side is provided so that by using the orientation adjusting power that is caused by its inclined side to form the center of radial skew orientation.As a result, can realize stable radial skew orientation.
The effect that is formed on the opening 212a among the reflector space R and second ridge 226 is identical in the LCD 130 with Fig. 4 A and the represented embodiment 1 of 4B, and therefore explanation is removed.
Below, with reference to the structure in an image cell zone of another composite type LCD 210 of figure 18A and 18B explanation embodiment 2.Figure 18 A is the top view of seeing from the substrate normal direction, and Figure 18 B is the sectional view that the line 18B-18B ' along Figure 18 A does.
The center and the reflector space R that are formed on the image cell zone through regional T are formed on through around the regional T.Be different from composite type LCD 200 and 200 ', do not have opening 212a to be formed among the reflecting electrode 212r.Six second ridges 226 be formed on reflector space R in the electrode 222.Six second ridges 226 are aligned to and form two square lattice, and first ridge 216 is arranged in square center of a lattice.Because first ridge 216 and second ridge 226 are so arranged, eight liquid crystal territories that have about corresponding ridge radial skew orientation can form with being stabilized.
Below, with reference to the structure in an image cell zone of another composite type LCD 220 of figure 19A and 19B explanation embodiment 2.Figure 19 A is the top view of seeing from the substrate normal direction, and Figure 19 B is the sectional view that the line 19B-19B ' along Figure 19 A does.
Composite type LCD 210 parts that composite type LCD 220 is different from Figure 18 A and 18B are that second ridge 226 is disposed in outside the image cell zone.
Only a part is positioned in the image cell zone so that to showing contribution, other parts are then to showing not contribution about the liquid crystal territory of each second ridge, 226 formation.But because ridge 226 is arranged the feasible square lattice that form, when the liquid crystal territory part that is positioned at the image cell zone was added up, two liquid crystal territories were formed in the image cell zone altogether.Particularly, near the approximate 1/4 liquid crystal territory that forms each angle, rectangle image unit area is positioned in ((1/4) * 4) in the image cell zone, and near the approximate 1/2 liquid crystal territory that forms the center of each longer side of image cell zone is positioned in ((1/2) * 2) in the image cell zone.Therefore, the viewing angle characteristic of composite type LCD 220 is extraordinary, and it is equal to the viewing angle characteristic of composite type LCD 210.
When ridge 226 during as the outside that in composite type LCD 220, is formed on the image cell zone (in the zone of facing mutually between the image cell zone), even come under the situation that the light that is positioned near the liquid crystal molecule the ridge 226 reveals causing, also can suppress the reduction of display quality.
And, as conspicuous in the comparison between the composite type LCD 220 of the composite type LCD 210 of Figure 20 A and Figure 20 B, because ridge 226 is not positioned at the image cell zone, the useful area that is used to show in composite type LCD 220 is big, so that realize brighter demonstration.
Much less, the arrangement of ridge 226 is not limited to above-mentioned situation, but can carry out various changes according to the shape and the size in image cell zone.For example, ridge 226 can be configured to any of composite type LCD 240,250,260 and 270, and it is indicated on Figure 21 A respectively, and 21B is among 21C and the 21D.
In the image cell zone is under the situation of the square shape represented in as Figure 21 A and 21B, square sees through the center that zone (zone that transparency electrode 212t is exposed) is formed on the image cell zone, it has around seeing through the reflector space (being reflecting electrode 212r) that the zone forms, and be formed on to second ridge 226 on the electrode can be configured to make in the image cell zone (represented) as Figure 21 A or outside the image cell zone (represented) as Figure 21 B form square lattice.Much less, this arrangement can suitably improve according to the size (ratio is in the size of reflector space) that sees through the zone.
Particularly, when image cell zone when being big, wish that a plurality of zones (zone that transparency electrode 212t is exposed) that see through are formed and have around seeing through the reflector space (reflecting electrode 212r) that the zone forms, the situation in the composite type LCD of representing respectively as Figure 21 C and 21D 260 and 270.In other words, when image cell zone when being big, the number in liquid crystal territory must be increased so that stably form the radial skew orientation.In this case, the second all ridges 226 can be formed in the image cell zone of representing as Figure 21 C, the ridge 226 that perhaps is disposed in outermost portion can be formed outside the image cell zone of representing as Figure 21 D, is preferably configured to also make that considering to be orientated ridge 226 stable and that be formed in the image cell zone comes together to form square lattice and be formed on the extra-regional ridge 226 of image cell.Replace second ridge, opening can be formed in the electrode 222.
Under the image cell zone was little situation, even when second ridge of representing as Figure 21 A or 21B 226 is removed, the radial skew orientation can form by utilizing the tilting electric field that produces in image cell electrode 212 marginal portions with being stabilized.
In addition, as in the LCD 280 that Figure 22 A and 22B represent, be formed on on-chip first ridge 216 of TFT and can be removed and make the radial skew orientation to see through on-chip second ridge 226 is realized among the regional T by being formed on.
Below, with reference to Figure 23,24 and 25 illustrate the ad hoc structure of composite type LCD 300 and 310.
Composite type LCD 300 or 310 comprises TFT342, with the integrally formed signal wire 343 of TFT342 source electrode with the integrally formed sweep trace 344 of TFT342 gate electrode.Transparency electrode 312t is connected to the drain electrode of TFT342, and reflecting electrode 312r is connected on the transparency electrode 312t in the opening 312a that insulation course 313 forms (Figure 25 represents).Reflecting electrode 312r is formed and makes covering TFT342 and overlap its signal wire 343 and sweep trace 344 on every side. Composite type LCD 300 or 310 also comprises storage capacitance line 345, and it is connected to the reflecting electrode 312r in the contact hole 347 that insulation course forms.
The composite type LCD 300 of Figure 23 has two and sees through regional T (seeing Figure 25), and first ridge 316 is formed on the center that each sees through regional T.Be formed on on-chip second ridge 326 is disposed in corresponding to outside the image cell zone in the part of signal wire 343 and sweep trace 344.
The composite type LCD 310 of Figure 24 and 25 expressions is different from composite type LCD 300, and it is to comprise a large amount of regional T that sees through.And second ridge 326 also is formed in the part corresponding to contact hole 347.When second ridge 326 also was formed in this part, the regularity during arrange in the liquid crystal territory can be enhanced, and causes increasing the stability of radial skew orientation.Make that second ridge 326 (perhaps first ridge 316 or the opening) is arranged such that the mutual arrangement in liquid crystal territory is regular as far as possible as being when high rotation symmetry is difficult by this way, even in configuration liquid crystal territory in square grillages is listed as.And because storage capacitance line 345 is to be made by lighttight material, even when causing that light is revealed near second ridge of arranging corresponding to storage capacitance line 345 326 when, display quality can not reduce.And, represented as Figure 25, even when causing that light is revealed near second ridge of arranging corresponding to signal wire 343 326 when, display quality can not reduce, because light is covered by signal wire 343.
And, in the LCD of representing at Figure 26 320, be formed on on-chip first ridge 316 of TFT and can be removed and make radial skew orientation to see through on-chip second ridge 326 is realized among the regional T by being formed on.
Image cell zone comprises that liquid crystal layer has in the multigap system LCD of a plurality of parts of different-thickness therein, and differential (border) that occurs between these a plurality of parts is by preferably with above-mentioned electrode covering.Be formed under the differential situation as the border that has by the electrode covering at ridge, this ridge can be provided on two substrates in addition or can only be provided on the substrate.
Wherein ridge is provided at two on-chip composite type LCD 300A and 300B schematically is illustrated in Figure 27 A, and 27B is among 28A and the 28B.
Composite type LCD 300A has on-chip first ridge 316 of the TFT of being formed on and is formed on on-chip second ridge 326, and is represented as Figure 27 A and 27B.First ridge 316 is disposed in and sees through among the regional T, and second ridge 326 is disposed among the reflector space R.In other words, by by be clipped in that therebetween reflecting electrode 312r covers differential 306 and mutually close ridge be respectively formed on the different substrates.
Regulate power and mate mutually by being arranged in orientation that first ridge 316 that sees through regional T causes by the orientation that second ridge 326 that is arranged in reflector space R the causes power of regulating.And, seeing through differential 306 between regional T and the reflector space R is with reflecting electrode 312r covering, and the uncontinuity that therefore comes from the differential liquid crystal molecular orientation can be suppressed by the electric field that is parallel to differential 306 surfaces that is produced by the electrode that covers differential 306.Therefore, be level and smooth continuous at liquid crystal layer 330 through the liquid crystal territory radial skew orientation that the liquid crystal territory radial skew that forms among the regional T is orientated and forms in liquid crystal layer 330 reflector space R, cause realizing stable radial skew orientation.
The composite type LCD 300B that represents among Figure 28 A and the 28B is different from composite type LCD 300A, it is that first ridge 316 that forms is provided among the reflector space R on the TFT substrate, second ridge 326 that forms on to substrate is provided at and sees through among the regional T, but can realize stable radial skew orientation similarly.
Wherein ridge only is provided at an on-chip composite type LCD 300C and 300D schematically is illustrated in Figure 29 A, 29B, 30A and 30B.
The composite type LCD 300C that Figure 29 A and 29B represent have be formed on composite type LCD 300D that on-chip first ridge 316 of TFT that sees through among regional T and the reflector space R and Figure 30 A and 30B represent have be formed on see through among regional T and the reflector space R to on-chip second ridge 326.In other words, by cover by reflecting electrode 312r differential 306 and mutually close ridge be formed on the same substrate among composite type LCD 300C and the 300D.
If do not consider to be positioned at the state of orientation of the liquid crystal molecule above differential 306, seemingly, be formed on the radial skew orientation that sees through the liquid crystal territory among the regional T and the radial skew orientation that is formed on the liquid crystal territory among the reflector space R is unmatched mutually.But, in composite type LCD 300C or 300D, differential 306 be cover with electrode (in this example for reflecting electrode 312r) and therefore work be the point of situation change.Therefore, liquid crystal territory in seeing through regional T and the liquid crystal territory in reflector space R obtain stable radial skew orientation.
This is because following reason: small imbalance is that the electric field (equipotential surface) that is caused by differential given shape and be parallel to differential 306 surfaces is to be produced by the electrode that covers differential 306.Therefore, represented as Figure 31, the liquid crystal molecule 31 on differential 306 is tilting for being parallel to substrate surface for certain perpendicular to (promptly on the direction perpendicular to Figure 31 figure surface) quilt on the direction of the line that stretches between first ridge 316.Be formed on see through the liquid crystal territory among the regional T and be formed on liquid crystal territory among the reflector space R be oriented make by be positioned at be clipped in therebetween as the border differential 306 above the liquid crystal molecule 31 of inclination like this and three-dimensional mutually coupling.
As above-mentioned, image cell zone comprises that liquid crystal layer has in the multigap system LCD of a plurality of parts of different-thickness therein, and stable radial skew orientation can obtain by cover differential (border) that occur between these a plurality of parts with electrode.Consider to come from effective inhibition of differential orientation uncontinuity, wish that ridge is by differential encirclement (when when substrate method direction is seen).
Although example has illustrated and comprised the composite type LCD that sees through regional T and reflector space R here, much less the present invention also can realize stable radial skew orientation by seeing through of the differential multigap system of electrode covering in type LCD and the reflection type LCD.Be used to cover differential electrode and be not limited to reflecting electrode.Differential can the covering with transparency electrode, perhaps transparency electrode and reflecting electrode can be stacked on differential on.
And, because the perpendicular alignmnet film is handled without friction in the present embodiment, the hangover that in the image that shows, do not cause friction, and can produce good demonstration with high-contrast.On the contrary, in orientation is by the perpendicular alignmnet film being carried out under the situation that friction treatment controls, at the pitch angle in advance that near the liquid crystal molecule that is arranged in the substrate surface causes approximate 90 degree (for example 88 to 89 degree), and therefore black level can change because of the subtle change at pitch angle in advance.So contrast change to be made to cause the friction hangover partly.This be because the variation of black level than the variation of white level earth effect contrast more.
Another composite type LCD 300E and 300F schematically are illustrated in Figure 32 A, and 32B is among 33A and the 33B.Ridge in being formed on reflector space R is as at Figure 32 A, 32B, when composite type LCD 300E that 33A and 33B represent and 300F were removed, the area of a part of reflector space R that can be used for showing can be increased, the feasible reflectivity that improves reflector space R.
The composite type LCD 300E of Figure 32 A and 33B comprises being formed on and sees through regional T to on-chip second ridge 326, and the composite type LCD 300F of Figure 33 A and 33B comprises and is formed on on-chip first ridge 316 of TFT that sees through regional T.
In the composite type LCD 300F of Figure 33 A and 33B, ridge (i.e. first ridge 316) is provided at and has differential substrate subordinate part (promptly corresponding to the part that sees through regional T with TFT substrate of differential 306).Therefore, this ridge can form in the pattern step corresponding to the transparent resin layer (preferably having photosensitivity) of the insulation course 313 that is used to form opening 313a, and therefore can advantageously oversimplify production technology.
And the ridge that is used to form liquid crystal molecule radial skew orientation can act as the isolated body (being the thickness of liquid crystal layer) that is used for keeping the gap between substrate.For example, as at Figure 34 A, 34B, 35A, 35B, the composite type LCD 300G that represents among 36A and the 36B, among 300H and the 300I, second ridge 326 ' that also is used as the isolated body of definition liquid crystal layer 300 thickness can be formed the ridge that is arranged among the reflector space R.As the expression of Figure 34 A to 36B, second ridge 326 ' is provided at the TFT substrate and to (particularly at reflecting electrode 312r with between to electrode 322) between the substrate, so that keep the gap betwixt, and act as the isolated body that defines liquid crystal layer 330 thickness.
When adopting this structure, do not need to be provided for discretely defining the isolated body of liquid crystal layer 330 thickness, therefore, production technology can advantageously be oversimplified to reduce production costs.And, additionally being offered at isolated body under the situation of ridge, the part that isolated body is provided is basically to showing not contribution.But when second ridge 326 ' also act as composite type LCD 300G, during the same isolated body, the area of the part that can be used for showing can increase among 300H and the 300I, makes the aperture rate that improves.
When be arranged in second ridge 326 that sees through among the regional T be by with same material that is arranged in second ridge 326 ' among the reflector space R and same steps as in form and when also being used as the isolated body of representing among Figure 34 A and the 34B, production cost can be further reduced.And, be formed and be lower than when being arranged in second ridge 326 ' among the reflector space R and also being used as the isolated body of representing among Figure 35 A and the 35B when being arranged in second ridge 326 that sees through among the regional T, the area of ridge inclined side can be reduced so that reduces the probability that exists of the liquid crystal molecule that may cause the light leakage.Therefore, contrast can be enhanced.When be formed on that on-chip first ridge 316 of TFT represents in being disposed in as Figure 36 A and 36B see through among the regional T time, first ridge 316 can form in the step of the opening 313a in forming above-mentioned dielectric film 313, and therefore can further reduce production costs.
Although in each image cell zone of 36B display, see through the area of the area of regional T greater than reflector space R at Figure 27 A, much less conduct is at Figure 37 A, 37B, among the composite type LCD 300J and 300K that 38A and 38B represent, the area of reflector space R can be greater than the area that sees through regional T.Two reflector space R can be arranged such that to clip and see through regional T, represent as Figure 37 A and 37B, perhaps see through the rear end that regional T can be disposed in the image cell zone, represent as Figure 38 A and 38B.Can according to lighttight unit for example the design of line (sweep trace, signal wire, storage capacitance line etc.) and TFT determine the arrangement of reflector space R.See through regional T because the part that has formed light tight unit can not be used as, reflector space R is formed in the part that has formed light tight unit, makes the area that can be used for the image cell area part that shows basically to increase.
Each all includes the composite type LCD 300L and the 300M that are arranged to clip two reflector spaces that see through regional T and schematically is illustrated in Figure 39 A, and 39B is among 40A and the 40B.
The composite type LCD 300L of Figure 39 A and 39B comprise be respectively formed at see through among regional T and two the reflector space R to on-chip second ridge 326 and 326 ', and second ridge 326 ' that is arranged in one of reflector space R also act as isolated body.
The composite type LCD 300M of Figure 40 A and 40B comprise be formed on on-chip first ridge 316 of the TFT that sees through regional T and only be formed among the reflector space R to on-chip second ridge 326.Second ridge 326 ' that is arranged among the reflector space R also act as isolated body separately.Ridge in being arranged in another reflector space R is removed and is formed on on-chip first ridge 316 of TFT and is disposed in by this way when seeing through among the regional T, and the aperture rate can improve and production cost can reduce.
Although is truncated cone at the ridge that forms on the substrate in above-mentioned device, the shape of ridge is not limited to this.Can use to have as at Figure 41 A, the ridge 16 ' of the section of representing among 41B and the 41C of doing along substrate surface of cross shape basically replaces it.
Figure 41 A, the ridge 16 ' of 41B and 41C has inclined side 16s and end face 16t, and inclined side 16s is tilted the θ angle to the surface (surface that is parallel to substrate 11) of image cell electrode 12.Much less, ridge 16 ' can not have end face 16t.
In having the ridge 16 ' of cross shape section basically, the area of inclined side 16s of orientation adjusting power that causes liquid crystal layer 30 liquid crystal molecules 31 is greater than the ridge with circular section basically and occupy area identical basically.Therefore, ridge 16 ' can show the bigger orientation of liquid crystal molecule 31 is regulated power.Therefore, when use has Figure 41 A of cross shape section basically, during the ridge of 41B and 41C 16 ', the radial skew orientation can stablize more and the response speed under voltage applies can improve.
Figure 42 is illustrated in and comprises the LCD with ridge of circular section basically and comprise having the response speed of the LCD of the ridge of cross shape section basically.In the curve of Figure 42, transverse axis is represented element thickness (μ m), and the longitudinal axis is represented response speed (ms).Among Figure 42, the response speed that zero expression obtains when be round-shaped basically when section ,+represent when section be the response speed that obtains during cross shape basically.Represented as Figure 42, when section during for cross shape basically response speed to be higher than when the response speed of section when round-shaped basically.
Much less, when the size of ridge increased, the area of inclined side increased, and therefore was orientated adjusting power and can increases by the size that increases ridge.But when the size of ridge increased, the area that is occupied by ridge in the image cell zone also increased.Therefore, the area of the image cell area part that is used to show reduces, and causes reducing the aperture rate.On the contrary, when ridge has basically the cross shape section, have basically the situation of circular section with ridge and compare, the area of inclined side can be increased under situation about not increasing by the ridge occupied area.Therefore, the orientation of liquid crystal molecule 31 being regulated power can be increased under the situation that does not reduce the aperture rate.
And, when use has the ridge 16 ' of cross shape section basically, in the existing probability liquid crystal molecule of all azimuth directions orientations, can cause directive property.Therefore, when having that the ridge 16 ' of cross shape section is used in the LCD that polarising sheet is installed basically, transmitance can concern and improves by optimizing position between the cross spider direction of polarising sheet polaxis direction and intersection.Therefore, transmitance can improve, and makes it possible to realize brighter demonstration and can improve contrast.This will describe in detail.
When Figure 43 is illustrated in ridge and has circular section basically and the transmitance intensity that when ridge has cross shape section basically, obtains to applying voltage (V) point to probability.Among Figure 43, dotted line is illustrated in the transmitance intensity that obtains when ridge has circular section basically and points to probability, and solid line is illustrated in the transmitance intensity that obtains when ridge has cross shape section basically and points to probability.Transmitance intensity is pointed to probability and is expressed as I +/ (I ++ I x), I wherein +Be to be the transmitance intensity that obtains during for given the arrangement when intersecting a pair of polarising sheet of N1cols state, I xBe to be rotated the 45 transmitance intensity that obtain when spending from this arrangement when polaxis.Have at ridge under the situation of cross shape section basically, the transmitance intensity that obtains when polarising sheet polaxis direction is consistent with the cross spider direction of intersecting is defined as the transmitance intensity I +Under the situation of all azimuth directions with equal probability orientation, transmitance intensity probability is 0.5 at liquid crystal molecule, and is obtaining under the situation about fully separately being orientated, and transmitance intensity probability is 0 or 1.
When ridge had basically circular section, transmitance intensity probability was approximately 05, with the independent from voltage that applies, represents as Figure 43.This be because, when ridge has basically circular section, applying voltage or do not applying voltage under both, liquid crystal molecule along all azimuth directions to equate the probability orientation.
On the contrary, have at ridge under the situation of cross shape section basically, transmitance intensity probability when not applying voltage for working as when having applied enough high voltages for greater than 05 less than 05.This means when to intersect the polaxis of polarising sheet of N1cols state arrangement when consistent, can realize darker black display and brighter white demonstration, and can improve contrast with the cross spider direction of intersecting.This is because following reason:
With reference to figure 44A, 44B and 44C will illustrate and can realize the dark-coloured reason that shows.Figure 44 A, 44B and 44C have schematically represented in the state of orientation that does not apply liquid crystal molecule 31 under the voltage.Particularly, Figure 44 A is the top view of the state of orientation that obtains when the ridge 16 ' with cross shape section basically is provided, Figure 44 B is the top view of the state of orientation that obtains when the ridge 16 ' with circular section basically is provided, and Figure 44 C is the sectional view that the line 44C-44C ' along Figure 44 A and 44B does.
Represent when not applying voltage, have because the liquid crystal molecule that is tilted orientation 31 that the set effect of inclined side 16s causes as Figure 44 C, and therefore, reveal because of the birefringence effect of these inclination liquid crystal molecules 31 causes causing light.
Have at ridge under the situation of cross shape section basically, azimuth direction in liquid crystal molecule 31 orientations that do not have voltage to tilt under applying is to be parallel to or perpendicular to the cross spider direction (promptly with cross one another first direction FD in right angle and second direction SD) of intersecting, to represent as Figure 44 A.Therefore, when the direction of polarising sheet polaxis is consistent with the cross spider direction of intersecting, be to be parallel to or perpendicular to the polarising sheet polaxis at the azimuth direction of liquid crystal molecule 31 orientations that do not have voltage to tilt under applying.So, do not cause at the liquid crystal molecule 31 that does not have voltage to tilt under applying to cause the phase differential of incident light suppressing light and to reveal.
On the contrary, have at ridge under the situation of circular section basically, because of the liquid crystal molecule 31 that the effect of inclined side 16s causes tilting, is represented as Figure 44 B along all azimuth directions orientations to equate probability.Therefore, no matter how the polarising sheet polaxis is provided with, the liquid crystal molecule that is orientated along the direction to the polaxis inclination is arranged all.Therefore, can cause the light leakage.
As above-mentioned, when ridge has basically the cross shape section, by optimizing polarising sheet polaxis direction, can make it possible to realize dark-coloured the demonstration there not being voltage to suppress the generation that light is revealed under applying.
Below with reference to Figure 45 A and 45B the reason that can realize than the light tone demonstration is described.Figure 45 A and 45B schematically are illustrated in the state of orientation that applies liquid crystal molecule 31 under the voltage.Particularly, Figure 45 A is the top view of the state of orientation that obtains when the ridge 16 with circular section basically is provided, and Figure 45 B is the top view of the state of orientation of acquisition when the ridge 16 ' with cross shape section basically is provided.
Providing under the situation with ridge 16 of circular section basically, because of regulating power (set effect) in the orientation that does not apply inclined side 16s under the voltage, near the liquid crystal molecule 31 that occurs inclined side 16s is orientated to equate probability along all azimuth directions, and is represented as Figure 44 B.Therefore, when voltage is applied to liquid crystal molecule 31, except those liquid crystal molecules 31 near the liquid crystal molecule 31 that occurs the inclined side 16s are tilted along the direction that the direction of orientation with the liquid crystal molecule 31 that causes because of inclined side 16s orientation adjusting power tilting is complementary.As a result, represent that the liquid crystal molecule 31 of liquid crystal layer 30 is to equate that probability is oriented along all azimuth directions as Figure 45 A.
On the other hand, providing under the situation with ridge 16 ' of cross shape section basically, azimuth direction in liquid crystal molecule 31 orientations that do not have voltage to tilt under applying is to be parallel to or perpendicular to the cross spider direction (promptly with cross one another first direction FD in right angle and second direction SD) of intersecting, to represent as Figure 44 A.Therefore, when voltage is applied to liquid crystal layer 30, except those liquid crystal molecules 31 near the liquid crystal molecule 31 that occurs the inclined side 16s are tilted along the direction that the direction of orientation with the liquid crystal molecule 31 that causes because of inclined side 16s orientation adjusting power tilting is complementary.As a result,, represent than higher along the existing probability of the liquid crystal molecule 31 that the cross spider direction of intersecting is tilted with the direction of approximate miter angle as Figure 45 B.Therefore, when a pair of polarising sheet is arranged in such a way when making the direction of polarising sheet polaxis consistent with the cross spider direction of intersecting, be that polaxis that this mode makes the polaxis of a polarising sheet be parallel to first direction FD and another polarising sheet is when being parallel to second direction SD, light transmission rate can be enhanced, this be because along the existing probability of the liquid crystal molecule 31 that the polarising sheet polaxis is tilted with the direction of approximate miter angle than higher.
As above-mentioned, when ridge has basically the cross shape section,, can improve in that the light transmission rate of voltage under applying arranged by optimizing polarising sheet polaxis direction, make it possible to realize that brighter white shows.
Although represented to have the ridge 16 ' of the section of cross shape basically that is made of linear side in Figure 41 A and 41B, the shape of ridge 16 ' is not limited to this.Ridge with the section of cross shape basically that comprises the curve side can obtain identical effect.This section can be to comprise the basic cross shape of four 1/4th arcuate flanks of representing as Figure 46 A or can be the basic cross shape that only is made of four 1/4th arcuate flanks of representing as Figure 46 B.In order to increase orientation adjusting power under the situation that does not reduce the aperture rate, the cross shape section is preferably formed by the linear side of representing as Figure 41 A and 41B basically.
Have that the example arrangement of the ridge of cross shape section will be by illustrating the composite type LCD as an example basically.In following explanation, have basically that the ridge of cross shape section is formed on the substrate, but it can be formed on the TFT substrate or can the ridge of circular section uses with having basically, as the back explanation.
For example, be formed on to be disposed in and see through in the zone (being transparency electrode 212t), as in composite type LCD 290a and 290b that Figure 47 A and 47B represent respectively on-chip ridge 226 '.In addition, be formed on and be arranged to seeing through extension on zone (being transparency electrode 212t) and the reflector space (being reflecting electrode 212r), as in composite type LCD 290c and 290d that Figure 48 A and 48B represent respectively on-chip ridge 226 '.Consider the aperture rate, the arrangement of Figure 47 A or 47B is preferred, regulates the increase of power in the orientation of considering to be used for to improve response speed, and the arrangement of 48A or 48B is preferred.
And ridge 226 ' can be arranged the cross spider with intersection, and it is vertical or parallel to the side that is used to define the image cell zone, represents as Figure 47 A and 48A.In addition, ridge 226 ' can be arranged the cross spider of the intersection that has to tilt to being used to define the side in image cell zone (for example with approximate miter angle), represents as Figure 47 B and 48B.In any arrangement, transmitance can be by making polarising sheet polaxis direction and consistent being enhanced of cross spider direction of intersecting with contrast.Say that on the contrary even when in the design at polarising sheet when restricted, transmitance can be enhanced by the arrangement (i.e. the cross spider direction of Jiao Chaing) of optimizing ridge 226 '.
Now, will be with reference to Figure 49, each all comprises 50 and 51 explanations having and is formed on the composite type LCD 330 of the ridge 326 ' of the on-chip section of cross shape basically and 340 ad hoc structure.Figure 49 is the top view that is used for schematically representing composite type LCD 330, and Figure 50 is the sectional view that the line 50A-50A ' along Figure 49 does, and Figure 51 is the top view that is used for schematically representing composite type LCD 340.In following explanation, similar reference marker is used to refer to have and Figure 23, the unit of the composite type LCD 300 of 24 and 25 expressions and 310 identical function, and purpose is to save explanation.
Figure 49, the composite type LCD 330 or 340 of 50 and 51 expressions has two and sees through regional T in an image cell zone, and have basically that the ridge 326 ' of cross shape section is formed on the electrode 322, so that be positioned in center that each sees through regional T.
In the composite type LCD 330 of Figure 49 and 50 expressions, ridge 326 ' is arranged the cross spider direction with intersection, and its extension is vertical or parallel to the side that is used to define the image cell zone.On the contrary, in the composite type LCD 340 that Figure 51 represents, ridge 326 ' is arranged the cross spider direction of the intersection that has to tilt to being used to define the side in image cell zone (for example with approximate miter angle).
Although at Figure 49, ridge 326 ' is disposed in and sees through regional T in the composite type LCD 330 and 340 of 50 and 51 expressions, and ridge 326 ' also can be disposed in reflector space R.In addition, ridge 326 ' can be arranged extend through and see through on regional T and the reflector space R, as at Figure 52, in the composite type LCD 350 that 53A and 53B represent.
And, ridge 326 ' can be arranged in each image cell zone independently, as at Figure 52, in the composite type LCD 350 that 53A and 53B represent, perhaps ridge 326 ' can face ridge 326 ' (comprising another ridge 326 ' that is formed in another image cell zone) mutually with another is integrally provided, in the composite type LCD of representing at Figure 54 360.
The ridge of cross shape section is provided in the above-mentioned device although only have basically, and it does not limit the present invention certainly.Has basically the use that can be combined with the ridge of section of the ridge of cross shape section with another shape.And, being provided at a substrate (to substrate) and going up and do not have ridge to be formed on another substrate (TFT substrate) although in above-mentioned device, have basically the ridge of cross shape section, it does not limit the present invention certainly.Be formed on have cross shape section basically on the substrate ridge can be formed on another on-chip another ridge and be used in combination.
Comprise first ridge 16 and have basically that the LCD 190 of second ridge 26 ' of cross shape section schematically is illustrated among Figure 55 A and the 55B with circular section basically, Figure 55 A is the top schematic view of LCD 190, and Figure 55 B is the sectional view that the line 55B-55B ' along Figure 55 A does.
LCD 190 comprise be formed in the face of lip-deep a plurality of first ridges 16 of the TFT substrate 10 of liquid crystal layer 30 and be formed in the face of liquid crystal layer 30 to substrate 20 lip-deep a plurality of second ridges 26 '.First ridge 16 has circular section basically, and second ridge 26 ' has cross shape section basically.
As representing among Figure 55 A, arrange four square lattice of nine ridges, 16 feasible formation, and second ridge 26 ' is laid respectively at four square centers of a lattice.And four second ridges 26 ' form square lattice together.And, at first ridge 16 with circular section basically with have basically second ridge 26 ' of cross shape section and be combined under the situation about using, the radial skew orientation that is formed on the liquid crystal territory in the liquid crystal layer 30 under applying voltage can further be stablized by so disposing first ridge 16 and second ridge 26 '.
Comprise first ridge 316 and have basically that the composite type LCD 370 of second ridge 326 ' of cross shape section schematically is illustrated among Figure 56 with circular section basically.
The composite type LCD 370 of Figure 56 has two and sees through regional T, and have basically second ridge 326 ' of cross shape section be formed on on the electrode 322 so that be positioned in center that each sees through regional T.Being formed on on-chip first ridge 316 of TFT is provided at corresponding to outside the image cell zone in the part of signal wire 343 and sweep trace 344.Represent that as Figure 56 six first ridges 316 are configured to make and form two square lattice, and second ridge 326 ' is positioned in this two square centers of a lattice respectively.Therefore, the radial skew orientation can further be stablized.
(configuration of polarising sheet and phase-plate)
In comprising the so-called perpendicular alignmnet type LCD of liquid crystal layer, can produce demonstration with various display modes; In this liquid crystal layer, the liquid crystal molecule with negativity medium anisotropy vertically is orientated not applying under the voltage.For example, not only be used for producing the birefringent mode of demonstration but also the combination of optics rotary mode and optics rotary mode and birefringent mode can both be used as display mode by birefringence with the electric field controls liquid crystal layer.When being provided at this outside surface to substrate (for example TFT substrate and to the substrate) surface of liquid crystal layer 30 (in the face of), a pair of polarising sheet in each LCD of explanation in embodiment 1 and 2 when going up, can obtain the LCD of birefringent mode.And, phase compensation device (being generally phase-plate) can be provided if desired.And, can become clear show LCD can Circular Polarisation light obtains by using basically.
According to the present invention, the stability of liquid crystal territory radial skew orientation can be enhanced, and makes further raising have the display quality of the conventional liquid crystal of wide viewing angle characteristics.And, the invention provides the LCD of high reliability, wherein the radial skew orientation can easily be recovered, even be also to be like this when it by outside destroy.
Although the present invention is illustrated in a preferred embodiment, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that disclosed invention can be modified in every way and can suppose many embodiment, and these embodiment do not propose in the above and illustrate.Therefore, wish to cover all improvement of the present invention that drop within true spirit of the present invention and the scope by claims.

Claims (23)

1. LCD comprises:
First substrate;
Second substrate;
Be arranged in the liquid crystal layer between first substrate and second substrate; And
A plurality of image cells district, each image cell district be by in the face of first electrode that provides on first substrate surface of liquid crystal layer with in the face of second electrode definition that provides on second substrate surface of liquid crystal layer,
Wherein first substrate has each first the protruding of inclined side corresponding to this a plurality of image cells district at it in the face of having at least one on the surface of liquid crystal layer, and
The a part of liquid crystal layer that comprises in each in this a plurality of image cells district is to be in not have the vertical orientated state of voltage under applying, with comprise at least a portion first liquid crystal territory, its be positioned in voltage apply under about the radial skew state of orientation of at least one first protrusion, be used for by producing demonstration according to applying voltage change aligned liquid crystal layer state
Wherein first electrode comprises transparency electrode and reflecting electrode,
Each of this a plurality of image cells zone comprises and is used for the regional transmission that produce to show with transmission mode and produces the reflector space that shows with reflective-mode, and
Liquid crystal layer has than at the bigger thickness of reflector space at regional transmission.
2. the LCD of claim 1,
Wherein at least one first ridge can be formed in each of a plurality of image cells district.
3. the LCD of claim 2,
Wherein at least one first ridge quantitatively be a plurality of and
The liquid crystal layer that comprises in each of a plurality of image cells district partly comprises a plurality of first liquid crystal territories, and it all is positioned in the radial skew state of orientation of voltage under applying.
4. the LCD of claim 2,
Wherein first electrode comprises at least one first opening, and
At least one first protrusion can be formed within this at least one first opening.
5. the LCD of claim 2,
Wherein face on the surface of liquid crystal layer at it, second substrate has at least one second protrusion, and it has the inclined side corresponding to each of a plurality of image cells district,
The liquid crystal layer part that comprises in each of a plurality of image cells district comprises at least a portion second liquid crystal territory under voltage applies, it is in about at least one second radial skew state of orientation of protruding, and
The vergence direction of the liquid crystal molecule in the first liquid crystal territory can be continuous with the vergence direction of liquid crystal molecule in the second liquid crystal territory.
6. the LCD of claim 2,
Wherein second electrode has at least one second opening,
The liquid crystal layer part that comprises in each of a plurality of image cells district comprises the second liquid crystal territory under voltage applies, its be in about the radial skew state of orientation of at least one second opening and
The vergence direction of the liquid crystal molecule in the vergence direction of the liquid crystal molecule in the first liquid crystal territory and the second liquid crystal territory is continuous.
7. the LCD of claim 5,
Wherein second electrode has at least one second opening, and
At least one second protrusion is formed at least one second opening.
8. the LCD of claim 5,
Wherein at least one second protrudes a plurality of second protruding of forming outside each that be included in a plurality of image cells district.
9. the LCD of claim 1,
Wherein this at least one first section of doing along first substrate surface that protrudes is for having rotational symmetric shape.
10. the LCD of claim 9,
Wherein this at least one first section of doing along first substrate surface that protrudes is round-shaped.
11. the LCD of claim 9,
Wherein this at least one first section of doing along first substrate surface that protrudes is a cross shape, and it is by constituting with the cross one another cross spider in right angle along first direction and second direction stretching, extension.
12. the LCD of claim 11 also comprises a pair of polarising sheet that is provided at respectively on first substrate and the second substrate outside surface,
Wherein this is arranged in such a way polarising sheet, makes this polaxis to one of polarising sheet be parallel to first direction, and this another polaxis to polarising sheet is parallel to second direction.
13. the LCD of claim 4,
Wherein the shape of at least one first opening of looking from the first substrate normal direction has rotational symmetry.
14. the LCD of claim 5,
Wherein this at least one second section of doing along second substrate surface that protrudes is for having rotational symmetric shape.
15. the LCD of claim 6,
Wherein the shape of at least one second opening of looking from the second substrate normal direction has rotational symmetry.
16. the LCD of claim 1,
Wherein at least one first protrudes for quantitatively being a plurality of, and
At least some these a plurality of first protrusions are configured to have rotational symmetry.
17. the LCD of claim 4,
Wherein at least one first opening is for quantitatively being a plurality of, and
At least some these a plurality of first openings are configured to have rotational symmetry.
18. the LCD of claim 5,
Wherein at least one second protrudes for quantitatively being a plurality of, and
At least some these a plurality of second protrusions are configured to have rotational symmetry.
19. the LCD of claim 6,
Wherein at least one second opening is for quantitatively being a plurality of, and
At least some these a plurality of second openings are configured to have rotational symmetry.
20. the LCD of claim 1,
Wherein to be tilted facing to the surface of first substrate be 5 to spend to the angle of 85 degree at least one first inclined side that protrudes.
21. the LCD of claim 5,
Wherein to be tilted facing to the surface of second substrate be 5 to spend to the angle of 85 degree at least one second inclined side that protrudes.
22. the LCD of claim 1,
Wherein first substrate also comprises the active cell that each provided corresponding to this a plurality of image cells zone,
First electrode is corresponding to being provided at respectively by the image cell electrode in a plurality of image cells zone of active cell conversion, and
Second electrode corresponding to facing at least one of image cell electrode to electrode.
23. the LCD of claim 1,
Wherein second substrate also comprises the active cell that each provided corresponding to this a plurality of image cells zone,
Second electrode is corresponding to being provided at respectively by the image cell electrode in a plurality of image cells zone of active cell conversion, and
First electrode corresponding to facing at least one of image cell electrode to electrode.
CNB2005101188428A 2001-04-11 2002-04-11 Liquid crystal display device Expired - Fee Related CN100416381C (en)

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JP2001112705 2001-04-11
JP112705/01 2001-04-11
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