The single phase power factor correcting circuit that series compensation boosts
Technical field
The present invention relates to the single phase power factor correcting circuit that a kind of series compensation boosts, relate in particular to a kind of single-phase active power factor corrector (APFC), employing magnetic energy of being applicable to and recover switch series connection compensation scheme, can obtain the more single-phase AC-DC circuit that has the source calibration function of High Level DC Voltage output, have application scenario very widely.
Background technology
In the small-power electric power electronic converter field of adopting single-phase uncontrollable rectifier as the power prime, for example frequency conversion household appliance technical field, its final products must satisfy Chinese 3C authentication and relevant world authentication, comprise electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) authentication.In this authentication, harmonic current number of times that the frequency conversion household electrical appliance inject to electrical network and content standard have wherein been stipulated and to the conduction interference strength criterion of electrical network propagation.In order to build a conservation-minded society, must improve the utilance of net capacity simultaneously.In these household electrical appliance, must take harmonic current to suppress and the electromagnetic interference braking measure for this reason, and improve its power factor, be generically and collectively referred to as power factor correction (PFC) technology.For household electrical appliance, only on electric index, the target of power factor correction can be presented as 1. to satisfy under the each harmonic current standard prerequisite and improve input power factor as far as possible; 2. improve the amplitude of direct voltage so that improve load capacity; 3. avoid the power factor correction link to introduce the too high electromagnetic disturbance level of amplitude.Along with every development of technologies, multiple passive alignment technique and active correction technology have appearred.Through comparing, two kinds of The Application of Technology respectively have merits and demerits.Adopt the active correction technology, calibration result is good, but it is too high to increase cost, also needs to handle well problems such as heat radiation and high-frequency electromagnetic interference.Adopt passive alignment technique, suitable parameters configuration can obtain calibration result preferably, and it is lower to increase cost, is convenient to handle well problems such as heat radiation and electromagnetic interference, but the pressure drop that causes owing to filter reactor when load is big is bigger, influences the increase of load capacity.Based on above actual conditions, select which kind of correcting scheme and different parameter configuration, make circuit of power factor correction can either obtain good calibration result, simultaneously can obtain higher VD again, both can reach low fringe cost, do not introduce high-intensity electromagnetic interference again, become a new pursuit direction in power factor correction field.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is at the deficiencies in the prior art, the single phase power factor correcting circuit that design provides a kind of series compensation to boost has that calibration result is good, output dc voltage is high, an advantage such as simple in structure, with low cost, highly versatile.
For achieving the above object, the single phase power factor correcting circuit that the series compensation of the present invention's design boosts is by reactor circuit, magnetic energy recovers switch and current rectifying and wave filtering circuit constitutes, reactor circuit carries out filtering to line current, obtain lagging behind and the input current of near sinusoidal waveform, magnetic energy recovers switch by four power switchs, four power diodes, electrochemical capacitor and control and driver constitute, line current is carried out capacitive compensation, and remedy the pressure drop that reactor causes, obtain and the synchronous near sinusoidal waveform electric current of supply voltage, the alternating voltage of current rectifying and wave filtering circuit pairing approximation square wave carries out rectification and filtering, obtains the VD of high mean value and low ripple voltage.
Reactor circuit of the present invention is made of a reactor, and the input of reactor connects the live wire of single-phase sine ac power supply, and the other end is that output is connected with the input that magnetic energy recovers switch.
Magnetic energy of the present invention recovers switch and is made of four power switchs, four power diodes, electrochemical capacitor and control and driver, wherein, four power switchs are corresponding in twos four contrary type switches of leading of reverse parallel connection formation with four power diodes, two contrary left brachium pontis of type switch formation in sequential series of leading, two contrary right brachium pontis of type switch formation in sequential series of leading in addition, the upper end of left and right sides brachium pontis is connected to positive pole, and the lower end is connected to negative pole, constitutes a H bridge.Left side brachium pontis mid point links to each other with the output of reactor circuit as input, and right brachium pontis mid point exchanges end as output and current rectifying and wave filtering circuit one and links to each other the anode of the anodal connection in H bridge upper end electrochemical capacitor, the negative electrode of its lower end negative pole connection electrochemical capacitor.Control and driver produce four road pulse drive signals according to the polarity of single-phase sine ac power supply, and the gate pole with four power switchs links to each other respectively.
Current rectifying and wave filtering circuit of the present invention is made of a single-phase rectification bridge and an electrochemical capacitor, an ac capacitor, wherein, an ac input end of single-phase rectification bridge links to each other with the output that magnetic energy recovers switch, another ac input end links to each other with the zero line of single-phase sine ac power supply, cathode output end links to each other with an end of ac capacitor, the anode of electrochemical capacitor, and cathode output end links to each other with the other end of ac capacitor, the negative electrode of electrochemical capacitor.
Reactor circuit of the present invention is series on the power firestreak, and it is input as single-phase sinusoidal voltage, line current is carried out filtering after, output non-sine alternating voltage.Magnetic energy recovers switch series and is coupled on the power firestreak, line current is carried out the capacitive compensation effect, and remedy the pressure drop that reactor causes, obtains and the synchronous near sinusoidal waveform electric current of supply voltage.Reactor circuit and magnetic energy recover the double action of switch, produce the alternating voltage of approximate square wave, and the envelope of square-wave voltage is an a upward negative positive sinusoidal voltage waveform down complete cycle, the twice supply frequency, that amplitude is the output voltage peak value.The current rectifying and wave filtering circuit input should be similar to square-wave voltage, after the filtering of over commutation and electrochemical capacitor, obtain the VD of high mean value and low ripple voltage, its ripple is the sinusoidal voltage waveform of a twice supply frequency, simultaneously the rectifier bridge input obtains a current waveform with the synchronous near sinusoidal of line voltage, realize power factor correction and improve output voltage amplitude, and because magnetic energy recovers the switching frequency of switch is supply frequency only, and the additional electromagnetic that causes is disturbed very slight.
The harmonic current that the present invention produces single-phase rectification bridge according to reactor viscous flow characteristic carries out filtering and obtains near sinusoidal ripple electric current, utilize magnetic energy to recover the electric current phase shift effect that switch seals in electric capacity simultaneously, the electric current hysteresis that compensation reactor causes, obtain the power factor of approximate unit, and the pressure drop of compensation reactor, thereby improve the output voltage of current rectifying and wave filtering circuit electrochemical capacitor, and minimizing direct voltage ripple amplitude, strengthen the load capacity of whole single-phase AC-DC circuit, thereby it is good to have a calibration result, features such as highly versatile, have simple in structure simultaneously, fringe cost is low, realize advantages such as easy, can also realize bigger power output.
The present invention can be used in the wind power generation of single-phase AC-DC converter, single-phase output, the direct voltage source of better quality and higher average value is provided for the back level as power circuit, the input power factor of the unit of approaching can be obtained, and the effect that reduces electromagnetic interference intensity can be played.
The present invention also can be used in the wind power generation of three-phase AC-DC converter or three-phase output, the direct voltage source of better quality and higher average value is provided for the back level as power circuit, can obtain the input power factor of the unit of approaching, and can play the effect that reduces electromagnetic interference intensity, only need this moment to adopt three groups of reactor circuits and magnetic energy to recover switch, change the single-phase rectification bridge in the current rectifying and wave filtering circuit into three-phase commutation bridge and get final product.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is circuit theory diagrams of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is applied to embodiment circuit theory diagrams in the single-phase active power factor corrector (PFC) for the present invention.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples technical scheme of the present invention is further described.Following examples are to further specify of the present invention, and do not constitute limitation of the invention.
The single phase power factor correcting circuit that the series compensation of the present invention's design boosts is made of reactor circuit 1, magnetic energy recovery switch 2 and current rectifying and wave filtering circuit 3 as shown in Figure 1.Reactor circuit 1 is made up of a reactor L1, connects the live wire of single phase alternating current power supply.Magnetic energy recovers switch 2 and is made up of four power switch S1~S4, four power diode D1~D4, electrochemical capacitor E1 and control and driver, power switch and power diode constitute four contrary type switches of leading through reverse parallel connection, and form a H bridge construction, the electrochemical capacitor cross-over connection is in the two ends of H bridge, and four power switchs are accepted from the gate electrode drive signals of control with driver.Current rectifying and wave filtering circuit 3 is made up of a single-phase rectification bridge B1, an ac capacitor C1 and an electrochemical capacitor E2, and two electric capacity are connected across respectively between the output cathode and negative pole of rectifier bridge.
In the reactor circuit 1, the end of reactor L1 links to each other with the live wire of single-phase sine ac power supply, and the other end links to each other with the input that magnetic energy recovers in the switch.
Magnetic energy recovers in the switch 2, power switch S1 and power diode D1, power switch S2 and power diode D2, power switch S3 and power diode D3, power switch S4 and power diode D4, corresponding in twos four contrary type switches of leading of reverse parallel connection formation, wherein, two contrary left brachium pontis of type switch formation in sequential series of leading, two contrary right brachium pontis of type switch formation in sequential series of leading in addition, the upper end of left and right sides brachium pontis (positive pole) links to each other, lower end (negative pole) links to each other, and constitutes a H bridge.Left side brachium pontis mid point IN links to each other with the output of reactor circuit as input, and right brachium pontis mid point OUT exchanges end as output and current rectifying and wave filtering circuit one and links to each other the anode of the anodal connection of H bridge electrochemical capacitor E1, the negative electrode of H bridge negative pole connection electrochemical capacitor E1.Control and driver produce four road pulse drive signal P1~P4 according to the polarity of single-phase sine ac power supply, directly link to each other with the gate pole of four power switchs respectively.
In the current rectifying and wave filtering circuit 3, two ac input ends of single-phase rectification bridge B1 recover the output of switch with magnetic energy respectively and the zero line of single-phase sine ac power supply links to each other, its dc output end positive pole links to each other with the end of ac capacitor C1 and the anode of electrochemical capacitor E2, constitute output direct-flow positive pole P, its dc output end negative pole links to each other with the other end of ac capacitor C1 and the negative electrode of electrochemical capacitor E2, constitutes output direct-flow positive pole N.
Operation principle of the present invention is:
(1) in the reactor circuit 1, reactor L1 plays the viscous flow effect as the time spent separately, and the nonlinear distortion electric current of current rectifying and wave filtering circuit is carried out filtering, obtains the input current that near sinusoidal waveform and phase shift lag behind, and when the inductance value of reactor was big, effect was better.
(2) magnetic energy recovers in the switch 2, and in single-phase AC power source of sine wave-90 °~+ 90 ° of intervals, power switch S2 and S3 are open-minded, and power switch S1 and S4 close.In single-phase AC power source of sine wave+90 °~and+270 ° of intervals, power switch S1 and S4 are open-minded, and power switch S2 and S3 close.Electrochemical capacitor E1 is equivalent to connect and inserts live wire and connect with reactor L1 in the reactor circuit like this, input current phase difference that can compensation reactor L1 causes and voltage landing, two ac input ends of final rectifier B1 in current rectifying and wave filtering circuit 3 obtain the alternating voltage that an instantaneous value exceeds the approximate square wave of VD twice diode drop, and the envelope of square-wave voltage is that twice supply frequency, the amplitude of a complete cycle is the negative positive sinusoidal voltage waveform down of going up of output voltage peak value.After this voltage acts on current rectifying and wave filtering circuit 3, obtain near sinusoidal waveform and the input current synchronous, realize the input power factor of the unit of approaching with single-phase sinusoidal voltage.Because the switching frequency of magnetic energy recovery switch only is a supply frequency, caused additional electromagnetic is disturbed very slight simultaneously.
(3) in the current rectifying and wave filtering circuit 3, after two ac input end inputs of single-phase rectifier B1 come self-magnetic energy to recover the approximate square-wave voltage of switch 2, obtain a VD after the energy storage filter action through rectified action and back level electrochemical capacitor E2, its ripple is a twice supply frequency sinusoidal voltage waveform, waveform is steady, average value of output voltage improves, and maximum ripple voltage peak-to-peak value reduces greatly.
Reactor circuit of the present invention, magnetic energy recover switch and current rectifying and wave filtering circuit is three inseparable parts, can not analyze separately simply, thereby constitute the single phase power factor correcting circuit that series compensation boosts.The essence of correction principle is: the current rectifying and wave filtering circuit of doing the time spent separately will produce serious input harmonic current, cause the mains by harmonics electric current to pollute and utilance decline, and the mean value of VD is low and the ripple voltage peak-to-peak value is bigger, and load capacity and quality of voltage are all lower.When adopting reactor circuit separately, big inductor filter effect is better, but the sinusoidal degree of input current is still lower, there is certain harmonic current content, and it is serious after the current hysteresis, input power factor is lower, and the pressure drop of reactor itself simultaneously is bigger, causes the dc voltage average value of current rectifying and wave filtering circuit output seriously to descend.After adopting magnetic energy to recover switch simultaneously, its equivalent electrochemical capacitor E1 can either energy storage, the pressure drop that again can compensation reactor causes, make final input current trend towards the sinusoidal waveform synchronous with single-phase sinusoidal voltage, reach the power factor correction purpose, can obtain the output dc voltage of higher average value and better quality again, the electromagnetic interference that causes is also very slight, increase under the limited prerequisite at cost and to have realized the single-phase AC-DC converter of high function, and can be generalized to three-phase AC-DC converter and wind power generation field, be applicable to than the high-power applications condition.
The present invention is used for the wind power generation field of three-phase AC-DC converter or three-phase output, only needs to adopt three groups of reactor circuits and magnetic energy to recover switch, changes the single-phase rectification bridge in the current rectifying and wave filtering circuit into three-phase commutation bridge and gets final product.
Reactor L1 is common reactor in the above-mentioned device, does not require precision; Power switch S1~S4 can select general IGBT, and the forward voltage blocking ability is 600V, and consistency is not done requirement; Power diode D1~D4 can select general power diode, and the reverse voltage blocking ability is 600V, and consistency is not done requirement; Control can be selected general analog circuit or Digital Analog Hybrid Circuits with driver, does not do specific requirement; Single-phase rectification bridge B1 can select general rectifier bridge, reverse withstand voltage 600V; Ac capacitor C1 is withstand voltage selection 630V, electrochemical capacitor E2 selects withstand voltage 400WV.The parameter of one embodiment of the invention is: L1 gets 25mH~100mH, and C1 gets 0.1nF~4.7 μ F, and E1 gets 1410 μ F, and power switch S1~S4 gets 50A/125 ℃, and power diode D1~D4 gets 50A/125 ℃, and single-phase rectification bridge B1 gets 25A/125 ℃.
The embodiment of single phase power factor correcting circuit in single-phase active power factor corrector (PFC)-inverter system that Fig. 2 boosts for series compensation of the present invention.
By shown in Figure 2, the single-phase active power factor corrector be input as single-phase sinusoidal ac potential source, the rated voltage effective value is 220V, about power output 2.5kW, is made of power circuit and control circuit.Its power circuit is formed for the single phase power factor correcting circuit, the three-phase inverter-electric motor system that are boosted by series compensation of the present invention, and its control circuit is included in the single phase power factor correcting circuit that series compensation of the present invention boosts.The present invention just provides one near the input power factor of unit and the output dc voltage of high output voltage mean value and low ripple voltage peak-to-peak value in the application purpose of single-phase active power factor corrector, can either reduce the mains by harmonics electric current pollutes, improve the power utilization rate, can improve load capacity again, improve the fundamental frequency of inverter.
Obviously, the single phase power factor correcting circuit that series compensation of the present invention boosts can be applied in single-phase AC-DC converter, three-phase AC-DC converter and wind power generation field, be applicable to than the high-power applications condition, play the effect that improves input power factor, increases output dc voltage and reduction EMI intensity.