CN100409978C - Cobalt powder contg. rare-earth nano-crystal enhancement phase and its prepn. method - Google Patents
Cobalt powder contg. rare-earth nano-crystal enhancement phase and its prepn. method Download PDFInfo
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- CN100409978C CN100409978C CNB2006100610309A CN200610061030A CN100409978C CN 100409978 C CN100409978 C CN 100409978C CN B2006100610309 A CNB2006100610309 A CN B2006100610309A CN 200610061030 A CN200610061030 A CN 200610061030A CN 100409978 C CN100409978 C CN 100409978C
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Abstract
The present invention relates to cobalt powder containing a rare earth nanometer crystal enhancement phase and a preparing method thereof. The cobalt powder comprises a corresponding alloy phase which is prepared from a main raw material portion and an auxiliary raw material portion. The main raw material portion comprises a cobalt oxide component, a tungsten component and a rare earth component, wherein the weight portion of the cobalt oxide component which is composed of Co2O3 and Co3O4 is from 92.5 to 98.3, the weight portion of the tungsten component which is composed of W and WC is from 0.5 to 1.5, and the weight portion of the rare earth component which is composed of Y2O3, CeO2 and La2O3 is from 0.2 to 2.5. The auxiliary raw material portion comprises the weight portion of surplus amount which comprises one or a plurality of kinds of a nickel component Ni, a vanadium carbide component VC, a vanadium carbide component Cr3C2 and combined type carbide components (Ti and WC). The size of a crystal particle of a rare earth nanometer crystal enhancement phase in the cobalt powder is from 2 to 10 mu m. The production process of the cobalt powder of the present invention is simple, the hcp structure of an alloy cobalt phase can be reduced or restrained, and the quality of a hard alloy finished product is enhanced.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of carbide alloy raw material, more particularly, the invention particularly relates to a kind of cobalt powder that contains the rare earth wild phase and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
China is CEMENTED CARBIDE PRODUCTION big country, but is not CEMENTED CARBIDE PRODUCTION power.And cobalt is one of important source material of producing in carbide alloy.The cobalt ore rareness of China, but rare-earth ore resource is very abundant.Exploitation contains the Co powder of rare earth wild phase, and to the hart metal product of preparation high, precision and frontier, it is significant to improve China's CEMENTED CARBIDE PRODUCTION industrial level.Because the domestic production technical merit falls behind, to compare with the developed country level, the hart metal product of China is second-rate, most of properties of product are on the low side, still belong to low technical content and low value-added primary product, service life is shorter, low 1～2 times approximately of average price more developed country.This one of them main cause is: what domestic enterprise added in hard alloy material all is common cobalt powder, and common cobalt powder is hcp (close-packed hexagonal) phase structure under service condition, thereby greatly influenced toughness, bending strength, hardness and the anti-wear performance of hard alloy finished product, cause that hard alloy finished product is of poor quality, service life is lower.
Summary of the invention
At the above-mentioned shortcoming of prior art, the technical purpose that the present invention will reach be to provide that a kind of production technology is simple, the hcp structure that can reduce or suppress alloy cobalt phase, cobalt powder that contains the rare-earth nano-crystal wild phase of raising hard alloy finished product quality and preparation method thereof.
For this reason, one of technical solution of the present invention is a kind of cobalt powder that contains the rare-earth nano-crystal wild phase, comprises the respective alloy that made by main material part and auxiliary material part in this cobalt powder mutually, and described main material part comprises cobalt oxide component, tungsten component and rare earth component, wherein, by Co
2O
3With Co
3O
4The weight portion of the cobalt oxide component of forming is: 92.5～98.3, and the weight portion of the tungsten component of being made up of W and WC is: 0.5～1.5, by Y
2O
3, CeO
2With La
2O
3The weight portion of the rare earth component of forming is: 0.2～2.5, and the weight portion of described auxiliary material part is: surplus, described auxiliary material part comprises following one or more components: nickel component Ni, vanadium carbide component VC, chromium carbide component C r
3C
2With composite carbide component (Ti, W) C; The crystallite dimension of the nanocrystalline wild phase of described cobalt powder middle rare earth is 2～10nm.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has following outstanding advantage:
1, the present invention is through the Co powder of exploring, experiment obtains that contains the rare-earth nano-crystal wild phase, the rare earth, W+WC, Ni and other carbide powder that contain trace, these one-tenth are grouped into contains the rare-earth nano-crystal wild phase, to reduce or suppress the hcp structure appearance of alloy cobalt phase, and carbide alloy will be had effects such as dispersion-strengtherning and purification crystal boundary impurity.
2, contain carbide alloy wearability and the hardness that the wild phase cobalt powder is prepared with of the present invention, bending strength and fracture toughness all improve a lot.
3, the preparation of product of the present invention is simple, with low cost, is suitable for conventional production process.
The further improvement that contains the cobalt powder of rare-earth nano-crystal wild phase of the present invention comprises:
The weight portion of the described relatively main and auxiliary raw material total amount of each component described in auxiliary material part is as follows respectively: nickel component Ni:0.5～1.0, vanadium carbide component VC:0.2～0.5, chromium carbide component C r
3C
2: 0.2～0.5, composite carbide component (Ti, W) C:0.1～0.5.
Wherein, (Ti, W) C is directly made through after the high temperature cabonization by the mixture of C+TiO2+TiC+WC composite carbide, can regard a kind of material as.Because raw material is all different with technology, so, TiC+WC and (Ti, W) character of C is also inequality, joins inside the metal, the effect of generation is also different.
Described auxiliary material part also comprises carbide combination part of being made up of TiC+TaC+NbC, and the weight portion of this carbide combination part main and auxiliary relatively raw material total amount is: 0～1.
Make the mutually made carbide alloy block material of bonding with cobalt powder of the present invention, its cobalt phase structure is mainly fcc (face-centered cube).With ordinary rigid alloy phase ratio, the alloy block wearability improves 20～50%, and HRA improves 1～3, and bending strength improves 15～30%, fracture toughness improves 20～25%, can be widely used in carbide alloy and make cutter, drilling tool, mould, measurer and various wear part.
Correspondingly, another technical solution of the present invention is a kind of preparation method who contains rare-earth nano-crystal wild phase cobalt powder, and this preparation method comprises following processing step:
This preparation method comprises following processing step:
Steps A is prepared burden to each raw material part of micron granularity by following part by weight, wherein, and main material part: Co
2O
3+ Co
3O
4The cobalt oxide component that is mixed and forms: 92.5～98.3, the tungsten component that W+WC is mixed and forms: 0.5～1.5, Y
2O
3+ CeO
2+ La
2O
3The rare earth component that is mixed and forms: 0.2～2.5; And comprise nickel component Ni, vanadium carbide component VC, chromium carbide component C r3C2 and composite carbide component (Ti, W) the C part by weight of one or more auxiliary material part: 0-3.5 wherein; The weight portion that relative raw material part total amount is added following material is respectively: grind dispersant: 0.5～2, and auxiliary agent: 5～15; Preparation obtains micro mist then;
Step B adds the micro mist for preparing in the high-energy ball milling jar, and according to micro mist: the part by weight of ball=1: 10～30 adds the carbide alloy abrading-ball, and ball radius is φ 3～φ 30mm;
Step C will vacuumize in the ball grinder, feeds argon shield then;
Step D, will be full of the ball grinder sealing of argon gas after, carry out high-energy ball milling, control ball grinder rotating speed is that 200～500 rev/mins, ball milling time are 40～80 hours, obtains containing the Co of rare-earth nano-crystal wild phase
2O
3+ Co
3O
4Powder; Wherein, the ball grinder rotating speed is low excessively, cause the ball energy too little, and the too high abrading-ball that can produce of ball grinder rotating speed is attached to phenomenon on the barrel, and the two all can have influence on crushing effect and reduce.
Step e will contain the Co of rare-earth nano-crystal wild phase
2O
3+ Co
3O
43Powder is at H
2The middle reduction obtains being of a size of the Co powder that contains the rare-earth nano-crystal wild phase of 2～10nm.
Preparation technology of the present invention adopts the high-energy ball milling machine equipment, peculiar component and proportion raw material powder are made mechanical mixture according to a certain ratio, and running for a long time in doing, rotary machine in the ball mill equipment can be passed to material powder, and micron-sized material powder is under the collision repeatedly of ball-milling medium, withstand shocks, shear, friction and compress the effect of multiple power, experience pulverizing repeatedly, extruding, crystal damage, courses such as crystal reconstruct and coldwelding, the powder interface energy level raises to impel phase counterdiffusion or solid-state reaction takes place between the near interface atom, thereby form the nano level ultrafine particle alloy powder that disperse distributes, promptly so-called ma process.And the material powder of peculiar component of the present invention and prescription is in the ma process that is experienced, and finally having formed fcc is the Co powder of host crystal structure, confirms that through test it can significantly improve the hardness and the bending strength of carbide alloy block material.
Clearly, preparation technology of the present invention is simple, and is with low cost, is suitable for conventional production process, except that high-energy ball milling equipment, do not need other extras.
Cobalt powder preparation method of the present invention further comprises following operation and content:
In the described steps A, the part by weight of each component is described in auxiliary material part: Ni:0～1.0, VC:0～0.5, Cr
3C
2: 0～0.5, (part by weight of above-mentioned each component is not zero to the composite carbide component simultaneously for Ti, W) C:0～0.5.
Described auxiliary material part also comprises carbide combination part of being made up of TiC+TaC+NbC, and its part by weight is: 0～1.
In the described steps A, the Fei Shi particle mean size of W+WC powder is 0.5～5 μ m, Co
2O
3+ Co
3O
4The Fei Shi particle mean size of powder is 0.5～5 μ m, Y
2O
3+ CeO
2+ La
2O
3The Fei Shi particle mean size of powder is 0.1～3 μ m.
In the described steps A, the Fei Shi particle mean size of the each component in described auxiliary material part is 0.1～5 μ m.
In the described steps A, described grinding dispersant is a stearic acid, and described auxiliary agent is a paraffin.Grinding the dispersant stearic acid is stearic acid, it is a kind of amphipathic organic acid, remove and have the surface-active effect, and the carboxylic acid group of its end group almost has stronger coordination with all metal ions, moreover, stearic fusing point lower (about 70 ℃), the stearic acid of watery fusion can be used as the solvent of metal oxide, hydroxide, nitrate or organic carboxylate etc., makes each metal ion species reach highly uniform and stable mixing in its liquid phase.Process of the present invention is chosen stearic acid (stearic acid) and is made to grind dispersant, made full use of even, the stable dual immixture that stearic acid has compounding ingredient and surfactant concurrently exactly, avoided fully simultaneously in mechanical milling process with water as dispersant, thereby prevented the hydrolytic precipitation phenomenon of metal ion effectively, improved the efficient and the Technological adaptability of the inventive method greatly.
Among the described step C, ball grinder is evacuated to 10
-2～10
-5Pa, the pressure of the protection argon gas of feeding is 10
2～10
3Pa.
Described high-energy ball milling jar is the parts of planetary high-energy ball mill.
The invention will be further described below in conjunction with specific embodiment.
The specific embodiment
Embodiment 1:
1, prepares burden by following component and content (weight portion): Co
2O
3+ Co
3O
4: 96, W+WC:0.5, Y
2O
3+ CeO
2+ La
2O
3: 1.5, Ni:1.0, TiC+TaC+NbC:0.5, VC:0.2, Cr
3C
2: 0.2, (wherein, W and WC powder particle mean size (Fei Shi) separately is respectively 2 μ m, 5 μ m, Co to the composite carbide component for Ti, W) C:0.1
2O
3+ Co
3O
4The particle mean size of powder (Fei Shi) is 2 μ m, Y
2O
3+ CeO
2+ La
2O
3The particle mean size of powder (Fei Shi) is 0.5 μ m, and the particle mean size of Ni powder (Fei Shi) is 2 μ m.Add the content (weight portion) that grinds dispersant stearic acid and auxiliary agent paraffin and be respectively 0.5 and 12;
2, the micro mist for preparing is added in the high-energy ball milling jar, by (weight ratio) micro mist: the ratio adding YG10 carbide alloy abrading-ball of ball=1: 30, ball radius is φ 3～φ 30mm, φ 30: φ 3=7: 3;
3, ball grinder is evacuated to 10
-3Pa feeds argon shield, and argon pressure is 10
3Pa;
4, will be full of the ball batch can sealing of argon gas tight after, begin to carry out high-energy ball milling, equipment is planetary high-energy ball mill, control ball grinder rotating speed is that 300 rev/mins, ball milling time are 50 hours, obtains containing the Co of rare-earth nano-crystal wild phase
2O
3+ Co
3O
4Powder.
5, reduce, will contain the Co of rare-earth nano-crystal wild phase
2O
3+ Co
3O
4Powder is at H
2In reduction, the crystallite dimension that obtains containing the rare-earth nano-crystal wild phase is the Co powder finished product of 8nm; Because auxiliary material part ratio change to some extent in finished product in the batching, other components are only done corresponding moving within narrow limits in the finished product.
Present embodiment obtains contains rare-earth nano-crystal wild phase Co powder finished product, through with after general commercial WC powder mixes, obtain the carbide alloy mixed-powder of WC90%-Co10%, through conventional compacting, dewaxing and sintering process, make rare-earth nano-crystal wild phase carbide alloy block material, its performance is as follows: the nanocrystalline wild phase crystallite dimension of Co powder middle rare earth records D=8nm through with TEM, SEM and X-ray diffraction and Scherrer formula calculating (D=K λ/β cos θ); The structure of cobalt phase detects with X-ray diffraction and all is mainly fcc in the alloy; Compare with the carbide alloy block material made from common Co powder, its Carbide Cobalt phase structure is mainly fcc, and hardness improves 3HRA, and bending strength improves 15%.
Embodiment 2:
1, prepares burden by following component and content (weight portion): Co
2O
3+ Co
3O
4: 97, W+WC:1.0, Y
2O
3+ CeO
2+ La
2O
3: 0.5, Ni:1.0, VC:0.2, Cr
3C
2: 0.2, (wherein, W and WC powder particle mean size (Fei Shi) separately is respectively 3 μ m, 5 μ m, Co to the composite carbide component for Ti, W) C:0.1
2O
3+ Co
3O
4The particle mean size of powder (Fei Shi) is 1 μ m, Y
2O
3+ CeO
2+ La
2O
3The particle mean size of powder (Fei Shi) is 0.2 μ m, and the particle mean size of Ni powder (Fei Shi) is 1 μ m.Add the content (weight portion) that grinds dispersant stearic acid and auxiliary agent paraffin and be respectively 0.5 and 12;
2, the micro mist for preparing is added in the high-energy ball milling jar, by (weight ratio) micro mist: the ratio adding YG10 carbide alloy abrading-ball of ball=1: 30, ball radius is φ 3～φ 30mm, φ 30: φ 3=7: 3;
3, ball grinder is evacuated to 10
-3Pa feeds argon shield, and argon pressure is 10
3Pa;
4, will be full of the ball batch can sealing of argon gas tight after, begin to carry out high-energy ball milling, equipment is planetary high-energy ball mill, control ball grinder rotating speed is that 400 rev/mins, ball milling time are 70 hours, obtains containing the Co of rare-earth nano-crystal wild phase
2O
3+ Co
3O
4Powder.
5, reduce, will contain the Co of rare-earth nano-crystal wild phase
2O
3+ Co
3O
4Powder is at H
2In reduction, the crystallite dimension that obtains containing the rare-earth nano-crystal wild phase is the Co powder finished product of 5nm; Because auxiliary material part ratio change to some extent in finished product in the batching, other components are only done corresponding moving within narrow limits in the finished product.
Present embodiment obtains contains rare-earth nano-crystal wild phase Co powder finished product, through with after general commercial WC powder mixes, obtain the carbide alloy mixed-powder of WC90%-Co10%, through conventional compacting, dewaxing and sintering process, make rare-earth nano-crystal wild phase carbide alloy block material, its performance is as follows: the nanocrystalline wild phase crystallite dimension of Co powder middle rare earth records D=5nm through with TEM, SEM and X-ray diffraction and Scherrer formula calculating (D=K λ/β cos θ); The structure of cobalt phase detects with X-ray diffraction and all is mainly fcc in the alloy; Compare with the WC90%-Co10% carbide alloy block material that is mixed and made into common Co powder, its Carbide Cobalt phase structure is mainly fcc, and hardness improves 1.5HRA, and bending strength improves 25%.
Embodiment 3:
1, prepares burden by following component and content (weight portion): Co
2O
3+ Co
3O
4: 98, W+WC:0.5, Y
2O
3+ CeO
2+ La
2O
3: 0.5, Ni:0.5, VC:0.2, Cr
3C
2: 0.2, (wherein, W and WC powder particle mean size (Fei Shi) separately is respectively 5 μ m, 5 μ m, Co to the composite carbide component for Ti, W) C:0.1
2O
3+ Co
3O
4The particle mean size of powder (Fei Shi) is 3 μ m, Y
2O
3+ CeO
2+ La
2O
3The particle mean size of powder (Fei Shi) is 1 μ m, and the particle mean size of Ni powder (Fei Shi) is 2 μ m.Add the content (weight portion) that grinds dispersant stearic acid and auxiliary agent paraffin and be respectively 0.5 and 12;
2, the micro mist for preparing is added in the high-energy ball milling jar, by (weight ratio) micro mist: the ratio adding YG10 carbide alloy abrading-ball of ball=1: 30, ball radius is φ 3～φ 30mm, φ 30: φ 3=7: 3;
3, ball grinder is evacuated to 10
-3Pa feeds argon shield, and argon pressure is 10
3Pa;
4, will be full of the ball batch can sealing of argon gas tight after, begin to carry out high-energy ball milling, equipment is planetary high-energy ball mill, control ball grinder rotating speed is that 500 rev/mins, ball milling time are 80 hours, obtains containing the Co of rare-earth nano-crystal wild phase
2O
3+ Co
3O
4Powder.
5, reduce, will contain the Co of rare-earth nano-crystal wild phase
2O
3+ Co
3O
4Powder is at H
2In reduction, the crystallite dimension that obtains containing the rare-earth nano-crystal wild phase is the Co powder finished product of 3nm; Because auxiliary material part ratio change to some extent in finished product in the batching, other components are only done corresponding moving within narrow limits in the finished product.
Present embodiment obtains contains rare-earth nano-crystal wild phase Co powder finished product, through with after general commercial WC powder mixes, obtain the carbide alloy mixed-powder of WC90%-Co10%, through conventional compacting, dewaxing and sintering process, make rare-earth nano-crystal wild phase carbide alloy block material, its performance is as follows: the nanocrystalline wild phase crystallite dimension of Co powder middle rare earth records D=3nm through with TEM, SEM and X-ray diffraction and Scherrer formula calculating (D=K λ/β cos θ); The structure of cobalt phase detects with X-ray diffraction and all is mainly fcc in the alloy; Compare with the carbide alloy block material made from common Co powder, its Carbide Cobalt phase structure is mainly fcc, and hardness improves 2HRA, and bending strength improves 30%.
Claims (10)
1. cobalt powder that contains the rare-earth nano-crystal wild phase is characterized in that: comprise the respective alloy that made by main material part and auxiliary material part in this cobalt powder mutually, described main material part comprises cobalt oxide component, tungsten component and rare earth component, wherein, and by Co
2O
3With Co
3O
4The weight portion of the cobalt oxide component of forming is: 92.5～98.3, and the weight portion of the tungsten component of being made up of W and WC is: 0.5～1.5, by Y
2O
3, CeO
2With La
2O
3The weight portion of the rare earth component of forming is: 0.2～2.5, and the weight portion of described auxiliary material part is: surplus, described auxiliary material part comprises following one or more components: nickel component Ni, vanadium carbide component VC, chromium carbide component C r
3C
2, composite carbide component (Ti, W) C; The crystallite dimension of the nanocrystalline wild phase of described cobalt powder middle rare earth is 2～10nm.
2. the cobalt powder that contains the rare-earth nano-crystal wild phase as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: the weight portion of the described relatively main and auxiliary raw material total amount of each component described in auxiliary material part is as follows respectively: nickel component Ni:0.5～1.0, vanadium carbide component VC:0.2～0.5, chromium carbide component C r
3C
2: 0.2～0.5, composite carbide component (Ti, W) C:0.1～0.5.
3. the cobalt powder that contains the rare-earth nano-crystal wild phase as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that: described auxiliary material part also comprises carbide combination part of being made up of TiC+TaC+NbC, and the weight portion of this carbide combination part main and auxiliary relatively raw material total amount is: 0～1.
4. preparation method who contains rare-earth nano-crystal wild phase cobalt powder, this preparation method comprises following processing step:
Steps A is prepared burden to each raw material part of micron granularity by following part by weight, wherein, and main material part: Co
2O
3+ Co
3O
4The cobalt oxide component that is mixed and forms: 92.5～98.3, the tungsten component that W+WC is mixed and forms: 0.5～1.5, Y
2O
3+ CeO
2+ La
2O
3The rare earth component that is mixed and forms: 0.2～2.5; And comprise nickel component Ni, vanadium carbide component VC, chromium carbide component C r3C2 and composite carbide component (Ti, W) the C part by weight of one or more auxiliary material part: 0-3.5 wherein; The weight portion that relative raw material part total amount is added following material is respectively: grind dispersant: 0.5～2, and auxiliary agent: 5～15; Preparation obtains micro mist then;
Step B adds the micro mist for preparing in the high-energy ball milling jar, and according to micro mist: the part by weight of ball=1: 10～30 adds the carbide alloy abrading-ball, and ball radius is φ 3～φ 30mm;
Step C will vacuumize in the ball grinder, feeds argon shield then;
Step D, will be full of the ball grinder sealing of argon gas after, carry out high-energy ball milling, control ball grinder rotating speed is that 200～500 rev/mins, ball milling time are 40～80 hours, obtains containing the Co of rare-earth nano-crystal wild phase
2O
3+ Co
3O
4Powder;
Step e will contain the Co of rare-earth nano-crystal wild phase
2O
3+ Co
3O
43Powder is at H
2The middle reduction obtains being of a size of the Co powder that contains the rare-earth nano-crystal wild phase of 2～10nm.
5. the preparation method who contains the cobalt powder of rare-earth nano-crystal wild phase as claimed in claim 4 is characterized in that: in the described steps A, the part by weight of each component is described in auxiliary material part: Ni:0～1.0, VC:0～0.5, Cr
3C
2: 0～0.5, composite carbide component (Ti, W) C:0～0.5.
6. the preparation method who contains the cobalt powder of rare-earth nano-crystal wild phase as claimed in claim 4 is characterized in that: described auxiliary material part also comprises carbide combination part of being made up of TiC+TaC+NbC, and its part by weight is: 0～1.
7. the preparation method who contains the cobalt powder of rare-earth nano-crystal wild phase as claimed in claim 4 is characterized in that: in the described steps A, the Fei Shi particle mean size of W+WC powder is 0.5～5 μ m, Co
2O
3+ Co
3O
4The Fei Shi particle mean size of powder is 0.5～5 μ m, Y
2O
3+ CeO
2+ La
2O
3The Fei Shi particle mean size of powder is 0.1～3 μ m.
8. the preparation method who contains the cobalt powder of rare-earth nano-crystal wild phase as claimed in claim 4 is characterized in that: in the described steps A, the Fei Shi particle mean size of the each component in described auxiliary material part is 0.1～5 μ m.
9. the preparation method who contains the cobalt powder of rare-earth nano-crystal wild phase as claimed in claim 4 is characterized in that: in the described steps A, described grinding dispersant is a stearic acid, and described auxiliary agent is a paraffin.
10. the preparation method who contains the cobalt powder of rare-earth nano-crystal wild phase as claimed in claim 4 is characterized in that: among the described step C, ball grinder is evacuated to 10
-2～10
-5Pa, the pressure of the protection argon gas of feeding is 10
2～10
3Pa.
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| CN102732767B (en) * | 2012-07-06 | 2014-04-02 | 四川大学 | Coarse particle hard alloy material and preparation method thereof |
| CN102732772B (en) * | 2012-07-19 | 2013-10-02 | 镇江忆诺唯记忆合金有限公司 | Special compound rare-earth modifying agent for improving memory performance of CuZnAl memory alloy |
| CN103537702B (en) * | 2013-11-08 | 2016-03-23 | 河源泳兴硬质合金有限公司 | The preparation method of high-flexural strength nano WC-Co alloy powder and WC-Co alloy product |
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