CN100408261C - New technological process for forging super large pipe plate - Google Patents
New technological process for forging super large pipe plate Download PDFInfo
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- CN100408261C CN100408261C CNB2005100180715A CN200510018071A CN100408261C CN 100408261 C CN100408261 C CN 100408261C CN B2005100180715 A CNB2005100180715 A CN B2005100180715A CN 200510018071 A CN200510018071 A CN 200510018071A CN 100408261 C CN100408261 C CN 100408261C
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Abstract
The present invention relates to the technical field of pressure vessel tube plate forging, particularly to a new technological method for forging super large tube plates. The appearance variation of impurities in steel is controlled, and the occurrence of inclusion cracks is prevented; the main impurities in the steel used for tube plates are sulfides and silicates. Because the sulfides and the silicates have preferable plasticity in the range of hot processing forming temperature, the impurities can be used as rigid bodies to participate in metallic flow, and the deformation of the impurities is reduced. The deformation technology comprises the following steps: steel ingot upsetting, WHF forging method drawing out baiting, blank preupsetting, rotary extrusion deformation, roll forging excircles, continuous rotary extrusion to definite size, entering a furnace and heating to definite time, air cooling to definite temperature and rotary extrusion forming. The present invention has pointed and purposeful control to the deformation and the distribution of the impurities in the steel of super large tube plates. The present invention avoids the flaky close defects of large area, enhances the reliability of product quality and reduces waste product rate.
Description
Technical field:
The present invention relates to pressure vessel tube sheet technical field of forging, a kind of new process that forges super-huge tube sheet.
Background technology:
At present, it manufactures used tube sheet forging large pressurized vessel, and in occupation of crucial status, this series products is mainly used in departments such as the chemical industry that involves the interests of the state and the people, energy industry on the one hand in the national economic development; Because majority is used for high temperature and high pressure environment, the quality of product quality is directly connected to the people's lives and property safety on the other hand.For this reason, country has formulated strict detection method and acceptance criteria to the detection of product quality.How to satisfy the quality requirement of tube sheet forging, become the target that each is explored and studies.
The form that the tube sheet forging mainly exceeds standard with flaw detection intensive defective and end ripple reduction amount and cause scrapping, percent defective be 10%～25%, have up to 40%～50%.Along with the expansion of the market demand, it is very urgent that the reliability of improving the quality of products, the rate of reducing the number of rejects and seconds seem.The analysis of causes of comprehensive tube sheet waste product mainly contains: 1, inclusion crack mainly is because steel inclusion causes; 2, produce " RST " effect in the forging process, promptly the deformed area rigid region intersects and causes that intermetallic tears 3 in the forging process, hydrogen content is too high in the steel, and heat treatment is not fully expanded hydrogen and produced " white point ".
Summary of the invention:
For overcoming the deficiencies in the prior art, the invention provides a kind of process of forging super-huge tube sheet, can be to the distortion of the steel inclusion of super-huge tube sheet, distribute and carry out targeted, autotelic control, avoid forming large-area sheet close defect, the reliability of improving the quality of products, the rate of reducing the number of rejects and seconds.
For achieving the above object, the present invention adopts following technical scheme:
The process of the super-huge tube sheet of described forging, the pattern of control steel inclusion changes and prevents to be mingled with the appearance of crackle; Tube sheet with steel in main inclusions be sulfide and silicate, utilize them in the heat processing and forming temperature range, to have plasticity preferably, field trash is participated in the flowing of metal as rigid body goes, reduce the distortion of field trash itself; Its deformation technique is: steel ingot jumping-up-WHF forging method pulling blanking-blank pre-upsets-after rotary pressure deformation-roll forging cylindrical-continuations spinning is heated to certain hour to certain size-go into stove air cooling to uniform temperature-mould pressing, its concrete technology go on foot gather as follows:
1), steel ingot jumping-up and WHF forging method pulling blanking: bar hold at first, chamfered edge, file steel ingot tail; The steel ingot jumping-up is depressed forging method pulling blanking with the wide anvil brute force of WHF more then, selects the WHF pulling than 〉=2; Pulling ratio behind the control steel ingot jumping-up, the assurance blank was fully forged in this stage, and the forging that makes later distortion operation no longer bear metal acts on thoroughly;
2), blank is pre-upset: jumping-up, is avoided producing the slip of RST rigidity and is torn effect by the ratio of height to diameter of control blank to certain altitude in forging process; Satisfy height and diameter ratio 〉=1;
3), the main points of processes control in mould pressing stage: the spinning jumping-up is to certain altitude, ratio≤3.5 of control diameter and height, control is advanced anvil amount and drafts technological parameter in the deformation process, can effectively improve the distribution situation of steel inclusion, improves the uniformity of distortion;
Anvil amount and drafts are advanced in strict control in a, the spinning process: its drafts is controlled to be presses 15% of preceding height, advance the anvil amount and be controlled to be half of pressing the back height, under local deformation that causes blank and situation in local deformation, according to law of minimum resistance, metal serves as main keeping away with local overall flow substantially, thereby has avoided sheet close defect; The very high hydrostatic pressure in blank center significantly reduces the tendency that forms the sheet inclusion defects;
Need in b, the rotary pressure deformation process to overturn 180 ° once, guaranteed the uniformity of tube plate deformation;
4), roll forging cylindrical: its deflection is 15%, smooth its end face, reparation is tending towards the field trash of sheet in distortion, the intensity of utilizing field trash generally less than these characteristics of matrix, is farthest improved by the roll forging cylindrical and to be out of shape the field trash that is tending towards sheet under the condition of high temperature.
5), jumping-up for the second time: the spinning jumping-up is to certain altitude, before its drafts is controlled to be and presses 15% of height, advances the anvil amount and is controlled to be half of pressing the back height, need overturn 180 ° in the rotary pressure deformation process more once.
6), insulation back jumping-up moulding: the centre is gone into stove and at high temperature is incubated, adopt High temperature diffusion to repair the intergranular defective by heating process, alleviate in the steel hydrogen in segregation and the diffusion steel, help alleviating hydrogen in microscopic segregation and the diffusion steel, and partly improve the character of dendrite boundary, and for follow-up distortion creates favorable conditions, the motion by molecule under the condition of high temperature simultaneously, effectively improve the segregation of blank, obtaining reparation for fine crack by diffusion has good result; Come out of the stove the back air cooling to uniform temperature, through the spinning jumping-up, repair, go out finished product, for next distortion operation and heat treatment step provide advantage.
Because adopt technique scheme, the present invention has following superiority:
This forges the process of super-huge tube sheet, owing to by the generation reason of tube sheet forging waste product is carried out dissection and analysis, defects property, position and shape have been grasped, thereby optimized the Forging Technology of tube sheet, make corresponding process program, adopted the appearance of controlling the pattern of steel inclusion and preventing to be mingled with crackle, satisfy the requirement of ultrasonic examination standard, being the principal element of Forging Technology, also is the main contents that the Forging Technology scheme is considered; Tube sheet is sulfide and silicate with main inclusions in the steel, utilizes them to have plasticity preferably in the heat processing and forming temperature range, field trash is participated in the flowing of metal as rigid body go, and reduces the distortion of field trash itself.
Control the field trash topographical transition effectively, prevent that field trash from becoming the generation of sheet crackle, thereby avoid, improve the inclusion crack that steel inclusion causes targetedly, generation of defects, overcome and produced " RST " effect in the forging process, be in the forging process, the deformed area rigid region is crossing to cause intermetallic to be torn, and control heat treatment is not fully expanded hydrogen and produced " white point ".Satisfy tube sheet flaw detection requirement, improved the forging qualification rate, reduced loss, targeted, autotelic control has been carried out in distortion, the distribution of steel inclusion, avoided forming large-area sheet close defect.Through practical proof, the super-huge tube sheet forging qualification rate that adopts this process program to produce surpasses 95%, and internal soundness satisfies the non-destructive testing standard requirement fully, has obtained good social benefit and economic benefit.
The specific embodiment:
The process that this forges super-huge tube sheet is that two tube sheets that flaw detection is scrapped carry out comprehensive dissection and analysis according to the reason of research tube sheet waste product; Tube sheet material is 20MnMo, the flaw detection that is of a size of Ф 1420 * 165, Ф 2000 * 320 shows: be positioned at tube sheet centre 2/3 diameter range and have a large amount of sheet close defects, end ripple reduces severe overweight, and on the short transverse, defective is positioned at 1/2 position of height; After the dissection, find, existing a large amount of sheet field trashes perpendicular to deformation direction according to high low power analysis, and folded mutually layer by layer; The defective of this character had both influenced result of detection, and each that has also influenced part causes the directionality difference of tensile strength, the contraction percentage of area, impact value to mechanical performance.
By dissection and analysis to tube sheet forging waste product, substantially position, shape, character that defective exists have been grasped, at the feature of defect situation, made matched Forging Technology scheme, the pattern of control steel inclusion changes and prevents to be mingled with the appearance of crackle; Tube sheet with steel in main inclusions be sulfide and silicate, utilize them in the heat processing and forming temperature range, to have plasticity preferably, field trash is participated in the flowing of metal as rigid body goes, reduce the distortion of field trash itself; Its deformation technique is: the steel ingot jumping-up---WHF forging method pulling blanking---blank is pre-upset---rotary pressure deformation---the roll forging cylindrical---continue spinning to certain size---go into stove be heated to certain hour after air cooling arrive uniform temperature---mould pressing, its concrete process is as follows:
1), steel ingot jumping-up and WHF forging method pulling blanking: bar hold at first, chamfered edge, file steel ingot tail; Then steel ingot is forged jumping-up, the wide anvil brute force of WHF that reaches behind the control steel ingot jumping-up is depressed the pulling ratio that forging method pulls out blanking, the assurance blank was fully forged in this stage, the forging that makes later distortion operation no longer bear metal acts on thoroughly, the general WHF of selection pulls out and is advisable than 〉=2, satisfying the saturating effect of forging of blank, make subsequent handling no longer bear the effect of forging saturating metal, is the main purpose of WHF forging method pulling blanking operation.
2), blank is pre-upset: blank progressively reaches and pre-upsets then, and jumping-up by the ratio of height to diameter of control blank, satisfies height and diameter ratio 〉=1 to certain altitude, avoids producing the slip of RST rigidity and tear effect in forging process.
3), the main points of processes control in mould pressing stage: the spinning jumping-up is to certain altitude, ratio≤3.5 of control diameter and height, control is advanced anvil amount and drafts technological parameter in the deformation process, can effectively improve the distribution situation of steel inclusion, improves the uniformity of distortion;
Anvil amount and drafts are advanced in strict control in a, the spinning process: its drafts is controlled to be presses 15% of preceding height, advance the anvil amount and be controlled to be half of pressing the back height, under local deformation that causes blank and situation in local deformation, according to law of minimum resistance, metal serves as main keeping away with local overall flow substantially, thereby has avoided sheet close defect; The very high hydrostatic pressure in blank center significantly reduces the tendency that forms the sheet inclusion defects; Need in b, the rotary pressure deformation process to overturn 180 ° once, guaranteed the uniformity of tube plate deformation;
In the autotelic control deformation process of rotary pressure deformation, advance technological parameters such as anvil amount and drafts, can effectively improve the distribution situation of steel inclusion, improve the uniformity of distortion; Rotary pressure deformation is the core of whole process program.
4), roll forging cylindrical: its deflection is 15%, smooth its end face, reparation is tending towards the field trash of sheet in distortion, the intensity of utilizing field trash under the condition of high temperature generally less than these characteristics of matrix, farthest improve by the roll forging cylindrical and to be out of shape the field trash that is tending towards sheet, can repair the field trash that is tending towards sheet in distortion, be operation important in the technical process.
5), jumping-up for the second time: the spinning jumping-up is to certain altitude, before its drafts is controlled to be and presses 15% of height, advances the anvil amount and is controlled to be half of pressing the back height, need overturn 180 ° in the rotary pressure deformation process more once.
6), insulation back jumping-up moulding: go into the stove heating process in the middle of last and at high temperature be incubated, adopt High temperature diffusion to repair the intergranular defective by heating process, alleviate in the steel hydrogen in segregation and the diffusion steel, help alleviating hydrogen in microscopic segregation and the diffusion steel, and partly improve the character of dendrite boundary, and for follow-up distortion creates favorable conditions, the motion by molecule under the condition of high temperature simultaneously, effectively improve the segregation of blank, obtaining reparation for fine crack by diffusion has good result; Come out of the stove the back air cooling to uniform temperature, through the spinning jumping-up, repair, go out finished product, for next distortion operation and heat treatment step provide advantage.
Super-huge tube sheet forging by above process program production is controlled the field trash topographical transition effectively, prevents that field trash from becoming the generation of sheet crackle, and its qualification rate surpasses 95%, and internal soundness satisfies the standard-required of excusing from death wave inspection fully.
Claims (1)
1. process of forging super-huge tube sheet, the pattern of control steel inclusion changes and prevents to be mingled with the appearance of crackle; Tube sheet with steel in main inclusions be sulfide and silicate, utilize them in the heat processing and forming temperature range, to have plasticity preferably, field trash is participated in the flowing of metal as rigid body goes, reduce the distortion of field trash itself; Its deformation technique is: and steel ingot jumping-up-WHF forging method pulling blanking-blank pre-upsets-and air cooling arrives uniform temperature-mould pressing after rotary pressure deformation-roll forging cylindrical-continuations spinning is heated to certain hour to certain size-go into stove, and it is characterized in that: its concrete technology is as follows:
1), steel ingot jumping-up and WHF forging method pulling blanking: bar hold at first, chamfered edge, file steel ingot tail; The steel ingot jumping-up is depressed forging method pulling blanking with the wide anvil brute force of WHF more then, selects the WHF pulling than 〉=2; Pulling ratio behind the control steel ingot jumping-up, the assurance blank was fully forged in this stage, and the forging that makes later distortion operation no longer bear metal acts on thoroughly;
2), blank is pre-upset: jumping-up, is avoided producing the slip of RST rigidity and is torn effect by the ratio of height to diameter of control blank to certain altitude in forging process; Satisfy height and diameter ratio 〉=1;
3), the main points of processes control in mould pressing stage: the spinning jumping-up is to certain altitude, ratio≤3.5 of control diameter and height, control is advanced anvil amount and drafts technological parameter in the deformation process, can effectively improve the distribution situation of steel inclusion, improves the uniformity of distortion;
Anvil amount and drafts are advanced in strict control in a, the spinning process: its drafts is controlled to be presses 15% of preceding height, advance the anvil amount and be controlled to be half of pressing the back height, under local deformation that causes blank and situation in local deformation, according to law of minimum resistance, metal serves as main keeping away with local overall flow substantially, thereby has avoided sheet close defect; The very high hydrostatic pressure in blank center significantly reduces the tendency that forms the sheet inclusion defects;
Need in b, the rotary pressure deformation process to overturn 180 ° once, guaranteed the uniformity of tube plate deformation;
4), roll forging cylindrical: its deflection is 15%, smooth its end face, reparation is tending towards the field trash of sheet in distortion, the intensity of utilizing field trash generally less than these characteristics of matrix, is farthest improved by the roll forging cylindrical and to be out of shape the field trash that is tending towards sheet under the condition of high temperature;
5), jumping-up for the second time: the spinning jumping-up is to certain altitude, before its drafts is controlled to be and presses 15% of height, advances the anvil amount and is controlled to be half of pressing the back height, need overturn 180 ° in the rotary pressure deformation process more once;
6), insulation back jumping-up moulding: the centre is gone into stove and at high temperature is incubated, adopt High temperature diffusion to repair the intergranular defective by heating process, alleviate in the steel hydrogen in segregation and the diffusion steel, help alleviating hydrogen in microscopic segregation and the diffusion steel, and partly improve the character of dendrite boundary, and for follow-up distortion creates favorable conditions, the motion by molecule under the condition of high temperature simultaneously, effectively improve the segregation of blank, obtaining reparation for fine crack by diffusion has good result; Come out of the stove the back air cooling to uniform temperature, through the spinning jumping-up, repair, go out finished product, for next distortion operation and heat treatment step provide advantage.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CNB2005100180715A CN100408261C (en) | 2005-09-30 | 2005-09-30 | New technological process for forging super large pipe plate |
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| CNB2005100180715A CN100408261C (en) | 2005-09-30 | 2005-09-30 | New technological process for forging super large pipe plate |
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| CN100408261C true CN100408261C (en) | 2008-08-06 |
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Families Citing this family (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101898224B (en) * | 2009-06-01 | 2012-10-03 | 上海重型机器厂有限公司 | Forging method of lower sealing head forge piece of one-mega kilowatt nuclear-power reactor pressure vessel |
| CN101987342B (en) * | 2009-08-07 | 2012-12-05 | 上海重型机器厂有限公司 | Forging method of tube sheet of nuclear power equipment |
| CN102825190B (en) * | 2011-06-17 | 2015-08-19 | 上海重型机器厂有限公司 | The forging debulking methods of the thick tube sheet of nuclear power generating equipment |
| CN103624199A (en) * | 2012-08-28 | 2014-03-12 | 苏州宝业锻造有限公司 | Reverse forging method of forged pipes and plates |
| CN103290192B (en) * | 2013-06-27 | 2015-05-06 | 洛阳中创重型机械有限公司 | Thermal treatment process of spliced-welding type large tube plate forging of pressure container |
| CN104624900B (en) * | 2015-02-11 | 2017-04-19 | 中国科学院金属研究所 | Forging method for efficiently recovering internal defects of thin plate forged pieces |
| CN104690514A (en) * | 2015-02-27 | 2015-06-10 | 电子科技大学中山学院 | Process for manufacturing tube plate by using hollow steel ingot |
| CN104722687A (en) * | 2015-03-03 | 2015-06-24 | 江苏凌飞锻造有限公司 | Forging method for 55NiCrMoV7 die steel |
| CN105170853B (en) * | 2015-11-16 | 2017-05-17 | 中信重工机械股份有限公司 | Integral forging forming method for ultra-large type hollow disc forgings |
| CN113265576A (en) * | 2021-05-17 | 2021-08-17 | 无锡市法兰锻造有限公司 | High-performance 20MnMo large-scale tube plate forging and manufacturing process thereof |
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| CN1311065A (en) * | 2000-03-01 | 2001-09-05 | 石川岛播磨重工业株式会社 | Equipment for prodn. of hot rolled steel plate, and device and method for thickness forging therefor |
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Patent Citations (1)
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1311065A (en) * | 2000-03-01 | 2001-09-05 | 石川岛播磨重工业株式会社 | Equipment for prodn. of hot rolled steel plate, and device and method for thickness forging therefor |
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