CN100406320C - Energy-storing drive of vehicle brake - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a ZY starting and driving system with braking energy storage. The lost kinetic energy of vehicles is converted into high hydraulic potential energy to be stored by one part of a transmission system, a hydraulic pump, a control valve and a hydraulic energy storage device in decelerating brake. The energy stored in the energy storage device is used for the vehicle starting and the acceleration drive again through the same conversion and transmission system by a hydraulic motor and the transmission system which are formed by the reverse drive of the hydraulic pump. The present invention can use low engineering manufacture cost to obtain the drive performance exceeding speed variators, and obtain fuel saving effect of 30% to 50% when the vehicles run on urban highway conditions.

Description

The vehicle braked energy storage drives

One, affiliated technical field

This is the invention about car brakeing energy storage drive system, belongs to vehicle and mechanical transmissioning technology field.

Two, background technology

The contriver formerly has patent documentation US4932504, CN85200239U, JP60-4425, CN2063495U and US4872536, US5161961, US5489244, continue research on the basis of background technology such as US5232412, find major cause that prior art still is difficult to carry out so far be to use the complicated cost of hydraulic accumulation energy system architecture of plunger pump too high and in most times that non-energy storage drives Hydraulic Pump still drive liquid idle loop wasted work, make the clear or vehicle of overall average energy-saving effect also may produce the negative effects of many power consumptions when on the road of non-frequent start-stop, travelling continuously, but proposed before the contriver about the volume gear pump with variable capacity, though volume variable balanced impeller pump and corresponding pump efficiency answer the invention of power-transfer clutch to solve the problems referred to above, but produced the current engineering realization condition and may be difficult to reach the new problem that the hydraulic braking energy storage drives high workload pressure in the desired short time down, the contriver is through continuing in-depth study, proposition answers the removable sealing block of power-transfer clutch to be subjected to the with joint efforts following spacing automatic compensation structure of elasticity of force vector to solve above-mentioned key technical problem with pump efficiency, has proposed the present invention.

Three, summary of the invention

The groundwork of ZY braking, energy-storing, starting and driving system ZYBEST (ZY-BRAKE ENERGY STORESTART SYSTEM) and goal of the invention are that kinetic energy during with brake snub is by driving system with have the gear type pump of high pressure in short-term that the pump/motor effect power-transfer clutch of the spacing automatic compensation structure of elasticity constitutes and store up into hydraulic energy storage device, discharge gear motor powered vehicle of high pressure in short-term or engine starting that the pump/motor effect power-transfer clutch through having the spacing automatic compensation structure of elasticity constitutes again when vehicle or engine starting, implementing this novel system just can be in existing easy realization, accomplish under the engineering specifications of low cost: be used for general vehicle and can access vehicle to play the stopping time significantly energy-conservation, additionally power consumption and avoid continuously the possible creative techno-economic effects such as inefficacy of existing frictin braek during descending when cruising; Be used for electric vehicle capable and access the shortening discharge capacity of the cell that the heavy-current discharge of battery causes when avoiding starting to walk, improve endurance, and shorten the creative techno-economic effects such as pick-up time of battery-driven car with the high-power release of energy storage; Be used for the oil-electric engine group then can access do not rely on combustion engine and make the unit band at full capacity rapidly starting reach the electric voltage frequency of regulation, thereby avoided the instantaneous band of combustion engine to start the creative techno-economic effects such as high exhaust emission discharging that cause at full capacity.

The high-pressure gear pump/motor that has the pump/motor effect power-transfer clutch of the spacing automatic compensation structure of elasticity of the present invention has avoided that current engineering uses is intended to obtain the Hydraulic Pump gold charging system and the complicated accurate manufacturing process thereof of the complexity of high workload pressure, is easy to realize under the current engineering condition.

So just solved the technical barrier of always failing to obtain fine solution recent decades in above-mentioned engineering field.

Four, description of drawings

Fig. 1 has illustrated the principle of balance pump effect power-transfer clutch internal gear pump and motor.

Fig. 2 has illustrated the braking stored-energy drive system of balance pump effect power-transfer clutch internal gear pump and motor and accumulator and control cock formation.

Fig. 3 has illustrated balance pump effect external clutch gear pump and motor.

Fig. 4 illustrates the installation site of ZYBEST on vehicle.

Fig. 5 has illustrated the ZYBEST change-speed box.

Five, the specific embodiment

Progressively illustrate below in conjunction with accompanying drawing. earlier please referring to Fig. 1.External gear 1 is meshed with inner gear 2, and is thickly sealed by the axial lateral plate liquid of both sides in the axial direction. and sealing block 4 can rotate with sealing block axle 3, is also all thickly sealed by axial lateral plate liquid.Be filled with fluid in the inner gear 2, when sealing block is positioned at the position of Fig. 1, with the tooth top of gear distance arranged, can not form radial seal, gear dallies in oil.When sealing block 4 clockwise rotates the position of Fig. 2 with sealing block axle 3, the tooth top of sealing block and inside and outside gear forms radial seal, promptly constituting internal gear pump and motor. above-mentioned movable sealing block can the control pump effect occur, disappear and power, constitutes pump/motor effect power-transfer clutch.The complete sealing station that pump efficiency answers power-transfer clutch to be positioned at Fig. 2 is that full pump efficiency is answered the position, and when gear rotated by direction as shown, oil was arranged to interval 6 from interval 5.In the braking stored-energy operating mode, the gear 2 that links to each other with wheel (also can be gear 1) driving gear wheel set, the full pump efficiency that pump efficiency answers power-transfer clutch to be positioned at Fig. 2 is answered the position, fluid asks that from the district 5 are compressed to interval 6, through oil pipe 76, control cock 7, oil pipe 78 is transfused within the accumulator shell 8, compression has been full of the air bag 9 of unreactable gas (as helium), until the very little volume that air bag is compressed to high voltage limit state 10, the automobile kinetic energy that wheel is transmitted, be converted into the high pressure potential energy in the accumulator. during this, gear type pump will overcome the high hydraulic pressure in the interval 6--accumulator, produce very big driving resistance, make wheel obtain enough lock torques, vehicle is braked, can be from decelerate at a high speed zero always. during this, control cock 7 through oil pipe 7A from oil sump suck oil and replenish through oil pipe 75 interval 5, guarantee pump efficiency should during the working cycle of fluid. oil sump can the dual-purpose change-speed box or drive axle in oil sump.

When vehicle will be from static starting-up to speed to running at high speed, or accelerate at a high speed from low speed, or upward slope needs to drive, can emit high-voltage oil liquid in the accumulator by control cock 7, gear motor: this moment, air bag was expanded by the internal high pressure gas-powered, expand into complete stretched condition 9 from high voltage limit state 10 always, high-voltage oil liquid is extruded accumulator, arrive interval 5 through oil pipe 78--control cock 7--oil pipe 75, pump efficiency is answered power-transfer clutch to be in full pump efficiency and is answered the position, thereby high-voltage oil liquid driving gear wheel set is rotated, the formative gear motor, and by the gear wheel shaft drive wheels. fluid is discharged to interval 6, through oil pipe 76--control cock 7--oil pipe 7A, be discharged to oil sump. after vehicle accelerates at a high speed, pump efficiency is answered power-transfer clutch to get back to the zero pump efficiency that sealing block shown in Figure 1 leaves the enough distances of tooth top and is answered the position, and gear pair dallies in oil, substantially consumption of power not. to less important to the high speed glancing impact down, pump efficiency is answered power-transfer clutch to come back to full pump efficiency and is answered the position, and vehicle energy such as above-mentioned process are converted into the high pressure potential energy in the accumulator.

Answer power-transfer clutch to be handled easily in order to make pump efficiency, notice that direction that gear pair rotates and high hydraulic pressure interval are that the manipulation that promotes sealing block is moved to the hydraulic resultant force direction of sealing block, rather than antagonism handle to be moved, for example high hydraulic pressure should promote the sealing block dextrorotation to the resultant direction of sealing block effect and turns to tooth top to press close among Fig. 2, otherwise will be difficult to make the sealing block action and produce effective seal.

Pump efficiency answers the correct pressure balance of power-transfer clutch very important. and the full pump efficiency of Fig. 2 is answered the position, high-voltage oil liquid is interval 5 o'clock in the left side, gear type pump works in the motor driven operating mode, the design of the curve form in sealing block 4 left sides, make high-voltage oil liquid act on the moment that distribution of forces produced makes sealing block clockwise rotate around the axis of sealing block axle 3 of sealing block left side curved surface, should be slightly greater than the moment that sealing block is rotated counterclockwise around the axis of sealing block axle 3 that is produced, the power that sealing block is had clockwise rotate slightly, sealing block is inside automatically, the tooth top of external gear compresses, to obtain the needed good tooth top radial seal of high-pressure gear pump, and rotation～pump efficiency of make handling sealing block answers the power-transfer clutch need not servomechanism, light flexibly. as a same reason, when high-voltage oil liquid is interval 6 the time on the right side, gear type pump works in the operating mode of pump braking, the design of the curve form on sealing block 4 right sides, make high-voltage oil liquid act on the moment that distribution of forces produced makes sealing block clockwise rotate around the axis of sealing block axle 3 of sealing block right side curved surface, should be slightly greater than the moment that sealing block is rotated counterclockwise around the axis of sealing block axle 3 that is produced, the power that sealing block is had clockwise rotate slightly. if this to make sealing block be tending towards leak free power excessive, then can make the heavy compressing tooth top of sealing block, causing violent wearing and tearing. this just relates to accurate Calculation and the accurately processing that sealing block curved surface and the suffered hydraulic coupling vector of between cog part are made a concerted effort. for avoiding the expensive of high-precision requirement thus, can make more roughly sealing block to be tending towards leak free stressed bigger, simultaneously for fear of to the violent friction of the excessive generation of the thrust of tooth top, can make the inhibiting device of a machinery to sealing block to the clamping stroke of tooth top, and make spacing certain elasticity that has, sealing block overcomes spacing elasticity to the tooth top slight compression, and therefore can be in sealing block and the automatic compensation wearing and tearing of tooth top wearing and tearing back, ensureing sealing. one of embodiment that this elasticity is spacing is stop nut and the elastic spacer thereof that Fig. 3 narrates. obtained like this can compressing automatically and answered power-transfer clutch, but be called for short compensated pump effect power-transfer clutch with the pump efficiency of automatic compensation gap.

Any external meshing tooth pair in the transmission system can double as ZYBEST gear type pump. for example for the vehicle of driving engine-drive axle one, because one-level garden stud wheel main reduction gear is arranged, but dual-purpose is used as the gear type pump of ZYBEST. as shown in Figure 3. and in the casing 11 of change-speed box-drive axle one, driving gear 1 is the gearbox output gear, ring gear 2 is drive axle input gear (including diff), the two constitutes garden stud wheel main reduction gear. and this gear pair is by side seal side plate liquid side seal (can only do local sealing in the zone that dotted line is irised out) thickly, when braking sealing piece 4A as shown the 4A1 direction push to engage and form radial seal with the gear pair tooth top, drive sealing block 4B then as shown the 4B2 direction draw back, fluid is pressed towards interval 6 from interval 5, and is pressed into accumulator through control cock as described above and carries out energy storage; And starting is when driving, then be that braking sealing piece 4A draws back by the 4A2 direction, drive sealing block and push joint by the 4B1 direction, high-voltage oil liquid discharges from accumulator, as described above through control cock to interval 5, promoting gear pair rotates and powered vehicle. and stop nut 3A and 3B are respectively to braking sealing piece 4A with drive sealing block 4B and do maximum to push the position spacing, though this is because the high hydraulic oil that is subjected to of sealing block makes that along the high back pressure of 4A1 and 4B1 direction pushing of sealing block is automatic, need not power-assisted make manipulation light, but it is not as spacing, then sealing block can produce violent friction with gear teeth tips. can be encased inside the suitable elastomeric pad of tool under the stop nut, as suitable engineering nylon pad, radial seal gap with automatic compensation sealing piece and tooth top, forming the required effective sealing of high-pressure gear pump. this sealing block elasticity is spacing--the design of back pressure automatic compensation gap, but be an example of aforesaid compensated pump effect power-transfer clutch. the side seal side plate should use the back pressure compensation, belongs to known technology, does not give unnecessary details.

The basic mode of the ZYBEST constituted mode is except that transmission system--Hydraulic Pump--hydraulic bladder formula accumulator,--flywheel energy storage and transmission system--flow of metal energy storage two class schemes that also have transmission system from the feasible consideration of cost engineering.

The flywheel energy storage scheme is to pick out a raising speed machine from the vehicle transmission system link, gear raising speed machine normally, insert a power-transfer clutch between the high-speed output end of raising speed machine or the high speed shaft of its in-to-in, be connected on the high speed shaft is in order to reduce the moment of clutch transmits, raising speed machine mouth (through power-transfer clutch) inserts flywheel, during car brakeing, and clutch engagement, vehicle energy is through transmission system--raising speed machine--, and power-transfer clutch is passed to flywheel, makes the energy storage of flywheel raising speed; The braking deceleration process finishes then throw-out-of clutch. when starting drives, clutch engagement, the flywheel of high speed rotating is through reductor (being the contrary transmission of raising speed machine) and transmission system powered vehicle. and flywheel energy storage will solve high efficiency big speed ratio gear transmission problem, the 5232412 described high efficiency double-layer gear combination transmissions of available U.S. patent of invention solve, also to solve the low decay rotational problems of the long-time energy storage of flywheel, flywheel can be placed in the vacuum tank and rotate.

The deformation energy scheme is to pick out a driver train from the vehicle transmission system link, this driver train can drive the deformations deformation energy. but driver train can be the hydraulic pump/motor that has compensated pump effect power-transfer clutch of the present invention, be communicated with hydraulic actuating cylinder through control cock, the piston of hydraulic actuating cylinder can promote (metal) deformations deformation energy. when the car retardation glancing impact, but compensated pump effect clutch engagement, vehicle energy drives Hydraulic Pump through transmission system, high-voltage oil liquid makes the energy storage of flow of metal composition deformation through control cock to cylinder pushes piston, the brake snub process finishes, but compensated pump effect throw-out-of clutch then, control cock is closed, the fluid of hydraulic actuating cylinder can't be got rid of, energy is stored in the flow of metal thing. when needs ZYBEST powered vehicle, but compensated pump effect clutch engagement, control cock is connected, the recovery of flow of metal composition deformation releases energy and promotes the interior high-voltage oil liquid driving HM Hydraulic Motor of piston discharge hydraulic actuating cylinder, through the transmission system powered vehicle. driver train also can be the high efficiency reductor of large speed ratio, its output shaft connects the flow of metal thing, for example output shaft tool certain-length and axle head are fixed. when braking stored-energy, vehicle energy is through transmission system--and reductor reverses output shaft, energy storage is the torsional deflection energy of output shaft, when vehicle start drives, the torsional deflection of output shaft can discharge, contrary drive speed reducer drives transmission system and vehicle as the raising speed machine. and in order to increase flow of metal thing stored energy capacitance, can use memorial alloy as the flow of metal thing.

Hydraulic energy storage device also can use other various ways, but the storage volume of air sac is big and product is ripe, is preferred option. the feasibility of its Project Realization such as following examples.

Heavy passenger vehicle embodiment:

If 20 tons of the fully loaded gross weights of heavy passenger vehicle, having kinetic energy E1=.5*20000* (72000M/3600S) ^2=4000KJ when 72 kilometers/hour of speed per hours establishes ZYBEST and is operated in bus and meets the station to stop, the common operating mode that the traffic lights of normal density are arranged on the running route, the compression and the expansion of accumulator air bag are similar to adiabatic process, the time of expanding to next time in the compression back is shorter, the accumulator conversion efficiency is higher, deduct wheel successively--the loss of ground friction pair, total machinery loss of the gear wheel shaft from the wheel to the pump, pump and pipeline, the loss of control cock, total conversion efficiency from vehicle energy to the accumulator potential energy by η=0.7 about. then accumulator potential energy E2=E1* η=4000KJ*0.7=2800KJ establishes the highest inflation pressure P1=150MPA of accumulator air bag (newton/square millimeter), primordial inflation pressure P 0=0.3*P1, press accumulator sap cavity effective volume VE=0.67* total volume V0, press isothermal, linear approximation, accumulator intracavity diameter 35CM, long 45CM, already enough. if the highest inflation pressure P1 is 80MPA, then the accumulator intracavity diameter is wanted 40CM, long 45CM is just enough. and the highest inflation pressure of accumulator product can reach 200MPA, limiting factor is the top pressure of gear type pump, because but compensated pump effect clutch engagement answers the position can compensate for clearance to full pump efficiency, back pressure reasonably is set, and to answer the position at full pump efficiency all be short-term operation at every turn, the high pressure in short-term of gear type pump is that engineering is feasible. when bus from static starting, drive acceleration with ZYBEST, the total conversion efficiency of the kinetic energy from the accumulator potential energy to bus is still by 0.7, potential energy in the then above-mentioned accumulator can drive bus and reach 72 kilometers/hour * 0.7=50.4 kilometers/hour, and this speed of a motor vehicle has allowed change-speed box to hang direct speed.

Small passenger car embodiment:

If small passenger car gr.wt. 1500KG, at 72 kilometers/hour speed of a motor vehicle tool kinetic energy 300KJ, total conversion efficiency is still by 0.7, accumulator potential energy 210KJ is by the liquid gas energy storage device setting of last example, when the highest inflation pressure is 150MPA, need accumulator intracavity diameter 15CM, long 14CM gets final product. if the highest inflation pressure is 80MPA, then need accumulator intracavity diameter 20CM, long 22CM.

Connecting of ZYBEST and car load, i.e. the setting of ZYBEST in car load mainly contains following several:

Settle in the wheel:

Suit for heavy-duty vehicle and overland vehicle. avoided the extension transmission of lock torque. generally should adopt internal gear pump/motor, inner gear 2 double as are the wheel hub of wheel, (please referring to Fig. 1) external gear 1 can directly be driven by semiaxis, both but the internal gear pump double as was a wheel reduction gear, can alleviate the moment load of transmission system transmission before this. in order to strengthen the ground Clearance, external gear 1 should place top, but compensated pump effect power-transfer clutch can place the bottom. each wheel gear pump/motor is answered shared accumulator and control cock, each wheel gear type pump is usually operated at state in parallel, it is the equipressure state, keep being subjected to waiting hydraulic pressure, for preventing unnecessary braking deviation or driving sideslip is favourable. but make each wheel gear type pump/motor operations series connection (interval 6 of previous motor connects the interval 5 of next motor) by control cock at sunken Che Shike, promptly wait flow status, forcing each wheel constant speed to rotate none skids, vehicle is displaced mire. settling in the wheel is to accomplish easily to settle the ZYBEST hydraulic pump/motor in each wheel, thereby is easy to accomplish the needed all-wheel drive of cross-country car.

Settle in the drive axle:

When drive axle was provided with the secondary retarding stage of garden stud wheel before the bevel-gear pair, this garden stud wheel pair can be also used as the gear pair of the gear pump/motor of ZYBEST. and for the external meshing tooth pair, but compensated pump effect power-transfer clutch can be by Fig. 3 setting.

Drive axle is gone into end and is settled:

Be one of suitable scheme of the vehicle of--transmission shaft--drive axle postposition for engine behind front wheel. please referring to Fig. 4. driving engine 19 is through change-speed box 18--universal-joint 16--transmission shaft 17--universal-joint 15, self-driven bridge power intake I, bevel-gear pair in drive axle 23 and diff--semiaxis, drive hub 24 and 25. is not from change parts such as existing drive axle as far as possible, so that the consideration that comes into the market is set out, but the compensated pump effect clutch gear pump/motor 2A of ZYBEST is not installed in the drive axle, consider with the bang path length that shortens lock torque near the transmission system end from gear type pump again as far as possible, gear type pump is placed in drive axle and goes into to hold the I place to suit so, 2A is the gear pump case, can connect with I end interface flange easily, transmission shaft 17 is as long as shorten a little length, be easily on engineering. reduce in order to make the angularity of propeller shaft degree, improve the driving efficiency and the life-span of transmission shaft and universal-joint, when mechanical torque by the input of the external gear of gear type pump when inner gear is exported, should make on the external gear 1 of gear type pump and put, to raise the axis of external tooth wheel shaft 1A, otherwise when exporting, external gear then should make the external gear underlying, to raise the axis of inner gear. this moment is not in order to influence the overall gear ratio of transmission system, must make the number of teeth difference of the gear type pump inner gear of ZYBEST and external gear as far as possible little, 101 teeth of inner gear for example, 99 teeth of external gear, relate to the design of few tooth difference internal gear pair of aforementioned patent solution. after ZYBEST solves the starting driving problems, the top-gear of change-speed box (gear of corresponding vehicle maximum speed) allows littler transmitting ratio, promptly improve the transmitting ratio of the speed of a motor vehicle, the gear pair that the external gear way of output makes gear type pump is raising speed slightly, suit. certainly, external tooth wheel shaft 1A also can hold input shaft by direct-connected drive axle I, the machinery that gear type pump is equivalent to transmission shaft extends, transmitting ratio is constant, still direct-connected with drive axle input shaft 1: 1, and the gear type pump inner gear 2 of ZYBEST still meshes with external gear 1, as depicted in figs. 1 and 2, external gear 1 right-hand member axle 1A connects universal-joint 15--transmission shaft 17, and its left end drive axle I end input shaft that is coupling, " hang up " gear type pump of the inner gear 2 formation ZYBEST that are meshed on the external gear 1. this " straight-through gear type pump " do not influence the transmitting ratio of transmission system, be easy to get involved the transmission system link of being transformed vehicle, also come into the market easily with stand-alone product.

Change-speed box goes out end to be settled:

Same consideration, the gear type pump of ZYBEST places the gearbox output end (right-hand member of the universal-joint 16 of Fig. 4, the left end of change-speed box 18 is the 16A place) also be feasible, light-duty vehicle in being suitable for. just slightly shorten propeller shaft length, it is still to belong in the parts outside and connects, needn't change existing parts greatly, thereby be convenient to come into the market in the early stage. this moment gears for internal gear pump subtask (inner gear output) when deceleration regime, external gear should on put, to reduce the inner gear axis, improve transmission shaft transmission shaft transmission quality, in like manner, gear pair works in the raising speed state, and then external gear is answered underlying. and also can use above-mentioned transmitting ratio 1: 1 " straight-through gear type pump ", be convenient to come into the market.

Settle in the change-speed box:

For middle light-duty vehicle car particularly, this is one of the highest product form of cost-performance ratio. a large speed ratio low grade only is set in the change-speed box, reverse gear and direct speed, the gear pump gear pair that wherein a pair of gear pair dual-purpose is ZYBEST. one of embodiment is please referring to part sectional view Fig. 5. in the transmission case 18, input gear 181 is housed, can on the spline of input shaft 180, endwisely slip, slide left its left side awl end is engaged with the right-hand member tapered sleeve of output gear 184, the input shaft 180 of change-speed box is just direct-connected with output shaft 16A, change-speed box is positioned at direct speed. when input gear 181 is positioned at position shown in Figure 5, be meshed with passive big gear wheel 182, drive output big gear wheel 184 through gear 183, but change-speed box is in the large speed ratio low gear position. the gear pump gear pair of output gear wheel set 183-184 dual-purpose power ZYBEST, but the braking sealing piece 4A of compensated pump effect power-transfer clutch shown in Figure 3 and driving sealing block 4B place both sides radially, gear pair 183-184 engagement place, not shown in Fig. 5, side seal side plate left side is the casing dual-purpose, right side floating seal side plate 185, it has unsteady back pressure to form the actv. side seal, belong to known technology, but it is not shown among Fig. 5. the general sealing block that only needs sealing compensated pump effect power-transfer clutch of side seal side plate, the tooth top seal area, meshing zone and interval 5, zone around 6, as Fig. 3 dotted line iris out the zone in get final product, be convenient to arrange back-pressure balance. but the oil sump dual-purpose of change-speed box is the oil sump of ZYBEST, corresponding construction is simplified. the oil sealing 187 in bearing 188 left sides and oil sealing cover plate 186 are still the sealing of formation normal pressure and get final product. arrangement scheme in the change-speed box, can with ZYBEST with simplify after variable gear such as above-mentionedly make 1 complete ZYBEST production transmissions, itself and power-transfer clutch and transmission shaft to connect the interface relative dimensions in full accord with the traditional change-speed box that is replaced, like this as long as simply traditional change-speed box of this type automobile is changed to the ZYBEST change-speed box, can obtain the excellent properties of ZYBEST, also be the scheme of being convenient to come into the market. arrangement also can be used aforesaid " straight-through gear type pump " mode in the change-speed box, what be meshed with straight-through gear can be inner gear or external gear, constitute corresponding internal gear pump or external gear pump. when hydraulic oil during not with the gear oil dual-purpose, it is independent that the oil sump of ZYBEST is also wanted.

Arrangement scheme to driving engine-change-speed box-drive axle one vehicle:

The drive axle of many cars is preposition, driving engine is horizontally placed on the drive axle, gearbox output gear and drive axle input gear (built-in diff) form the secondary main reduction gear of garden stud wheel, avoided bevel-gear pair. many buses also are such driving engine and drive axle one, but generally be rearmounted. the arrangement scheme of this situation is Fig. 3 as described above, certainly use " straight-through gear type pump " also to be fine on certain axle, whether the visual space allows.

The independent arrangement:

The gear type pump of ZYBEST can not be a necessary link of transmission system, the gear pair of gear type pump is the dual-purpose transferring power not, but be parallel on the transmission system link, obtain power at glancing impact from this link in modes such as gear or chains, when driving to this link transmitting power. can use aforementioned " straight-through gear type pump " mode, in any suitable transmission system link, hang up the gear type pump of ZYBEST.

The used Hydraulic Pump of ZYBEST is except that gear type pump, also can adopt blade-type pump, screw pump, the pump of patterns such as plunger pump and respective motors. as long as use principle of the present invention, formation leak free important document can be moved, it moves and has constituted the leak free appearing and subsiding, make pump efficiency answer corresponding appearing and subsiding, formation has the Hydraulic Pump and the motor of " but compensated pump effect power-transfer clutch ", just can constitute ZYBEST. still with accumulator and control cock, consider from cost and top pressure, gear type pump and blade-type pump suit, if dual-purpose is the transmission link of a certain change transmitting ratio of transmission system, then gear type pump suits.

Initial in the braking stored-energy stage, accumulator is in energy and discharges the back low-pressure state, and the lock torque that Hydraulic Pump produces is also just corresponding very little, and the braking force that vehicle obtains is often not enough; Along with the carrying out of braking stored-energy, the accumulator self-energy is gradually long and pressure is cumulative, and the lock torque of Hydraulic Pump increases thereupon, and the braking force that vehicle obtains is gradually long; End to the braking stored-energy stage, it is maximum that accumulator energy--pressure reaches, Hydraulic Pump lock torque maximum, the braking force that vehicle obtains may surpass needs. from the effective and traveling comfort of brake snub, vehicles whose braking forces brake snub begin promptly should reach certain level, after this cumulative but can not increase too fast, and maxim should be less than the threshold value of tyre skidding. this and above-mentioned Hydraulic Pump lock torque are not the same with the process that accumulator pressure increases. in like manner, starting driving process from preliminary examination to the end, the accumulator pressure maximum is from being up to minimum, the drive torque of HM Hydraulic Motor is thereupon from being up to minimum, the optimal drive force function that need to quicken with vehicle causes not to the utmost. and make the braking force of ZYBEST and propulsive effort suit the requirements, and avoid the loss of throttle style to energy, but one of main method is to use the Hydraulic Pump of volume variable. prostatitis U.S. patent of invention 4872536,4932504 and 5161961 have invented volume gear pump with variable capacity and volume variable balanced impeller pump, and the volume gear pump with variable capacity of complete equilibrium, these Hydraulic Pumps can following basic mode be used for the present invention: from the brake snub stage initially to the end, along with increasing of accumulator pressure, the revolution discharge capacity of Hydraulic Pump reduces one by one, and the function of time that control mechanism makes the revolution discharge capacity reduce meets the needs that obtain the vehicle optimum braking force function of time; From the starting-up to speed stage initially to the end, reduction along with accumulator pressure, the revolution discharge capacity of Hydraulic Pump increases one by one, the function of time that control mechanism makes the revolution discharge capacity increase meets the needs that obtain the vehicle optimal drive power function of time. because the zero displacement position of above-mentioned volume adjustable hydraulic pump can replace pump efficiency to answer the zero pump efficiency of power-transfer clutch to answer the position, displacement can replace pump efficiency to answer the full pump efficiency of power-transfer clutch to answer the position, so when using above-mentioned volume adjustable hydraulic pump, pump efficiency answers power-transfer clutch to merge with the change displacement control mechanism of volume adjustable hydraulic pump and to simplify. promptly with volume adjustable hydraulic pump from the zero delivery to the max.cap. effect and control corresponding replacement pump efficiency and answer power-transfer clutch to answer the position to answer the effect and the control of position to full pump efficiency from zero pump efficiency.

Basic control method:

But Das Gaspedal links with the control that compensated pump effect power-transfer clutch drives operating mode and control cock, but brake pedal and compensated pump effect clutch brake operating mode and control cock interlock, be the basic skills that ZYBEST realizes control. just illustrated this manipulation to link as the interlock dotted line 37 of Fig. 2. the car retardation glancing impact, the initial a bit of stroke that depresses brake pedal is a braking stored-energy operating mode of opening ZYBEST, down step on then friction brake effect again, normally need emergency brake this moment, energy storage is inessential. when vehicle start quickens, depress Das Gaspedal, initial a bit of stroke is a driving operating mode of opening ZYBEST, reach the high speed of a motor vehicle to vehicle, continue to depress the then driving operating mode end of ZYBEST of Das Gaspedal, the relay of driving engine speedup drives, available method such as the centrifugal clutch joined speed variator top gear automatically at this moment that is provided with, make drive simple. the stroke of brake pedal can design with aforementioned optimum braking force function need consistent, the stroke of Das Gaspedal can design with aforementioned optimal drive force function need consistent, helping obtaining easily the corresponding optimum function. relevant stroke design belongs to known technology, does not give unnecessary details here.

ZYBEST also is easy to obtain following excellent function and respective design:

The accumulator dual-purpose of ZYBEST for turn to, power-transfer clutch, drg power-assisted hydraulic power source, economization force aid system or increase power-assisted--the reliability of riding manipulation, during the hydraulic system dual-purpose of accumulator and construction machinery and equipment and engineering truck, can improve the Performance And Reliability of hydraulic system equally;

ZYBEST can make vehicle and boats and ships hinder for some reason or emergency situation is still possessed one section propulsive effort after flame-out at driving engine, makes vehicle and boats and ships obtain Pitted-vehicle self-help, the flame-out valuable performance such as travel of wading across a river and save oneself;

The moment reflection that ZYBEST is used for special car drives--the ability that makes vehicle be obtained flat-out acceleration or brake rapidly. and main application can be: when armored vehicle senses enemy's aiming symbol by induction installations such as laser inductors, enemy's armour-piercing shell will in seconds fly to, can open (being installed in wheel or the track sprocket) ZYBEST this moment and make it to work in the maximum operating mode of quickening propulsive effort or maximum braking force or maximum reverse-drive power, make armored vehicle be made the avoiding action that moment quickens or moment brakes or moment falls back, and driving engine and present traditional driving system are depended merely in the moment avoiding action of this tens of tons of vehicle, are difficult to accomplish;

ZYBEST is used for making vehicle to obtain bigger hill climbing ability, heavily loaded starting ability, uphill starting ability, super large tractive force in short-term and brake overheating lost efficacy when avoiding continuous descending that (accumulator of ZYBEST has been full of energy, but control cock can be reached throttle position and the fluid of Hydraulic Pump output is imported oil sump, the throttling action of high-voltage oil liquid is made Hydraulic Pump obtain lock torque and makes vehicle obtain the braking force that long failure-free does not rely on traditional friction-type braking); ZYBEST can be used for start the engine, the propulsive effort that is about to HM Hydraulic Motor is directed to driving engine through transmission system and comes start the engine, thereby can be with existing storage battery--the DC motor start-up system to prolong battery age, increases the reliability of engine starting as standby cranking system;

Particularly ZYBEST can be used as the instantaneous starting power generating system of oil-electric engine group. the high performance internal combustion engine generator set of using when for example cutting off the power supply fully; moment starts and generating at full capacity to require band; moment reaches the frequency of regulation; this often is the problem of its production firm's worries; and during diesel engine band full load moment startup; the large quantity of exhaust gas of discharging often is to surpass the limit that legislations of environmental protection allows. use ZYBEST auxiliary; release energy to come moment to drive generator belt by driver trains such as HM Hydraulic Motor to send with assigned frequency at full capacity by accumulator; and combustion engine calmly No Load Start drive at the end relay again at ZYBEST and drive; just solve this difficult problem .ZYBEST and be used for absorbed power pulsation; regulate peak load; for example as the peak load compensator of generator set; burning voltage and frequency; also be very useful; be that ZYBEST can be equivalent to the huge huge flywheel of rotor inertia, play the effect of corresponding load compensation and balance.

ZYBEST cooperates the centrifugal friction formula step change transmission or the toric transmission of the inventor's prostatitis patented invention, can obtain better transmission performance, be used to solve optimization braking force function and propulsive effort function specific question and other senior occasion that requires the transmitting ratio function of time to optimize of aforementioned liquid gas energy storage, flywheel energy storage and deformation energy.

The cost that the ZYBEST car load is transformed and the embodiment of performance analysis:

Typical middle-grade car " Santana " type that produces with Chinese Shanghai is an example, after price is reduced to world level, about 60,000 yuans of cost price of coventional type--4 D Drive change-speed boxs, 1.6 liters of driving engines--, about 110,000 yuans of automatic speed changing type--eddy current type automatic transmission with hydraulic torque converter, 2-2.3 rise driving engine--cost price.

Coventional type adds ZYBEST and transforms: 4 D Drive change-speed boxs are changed to the described ZYBEST change-speed box of Fig. 5, cut 2 gears and reduce cost, but increase compensated pump effect power-transfer clutch and side seal side plate etc. and increase cost, the two offsets, the change-speed box cost slightly increases, air sac accumulator and control cock, control mechanisms etc. increase by 2500 yuan of the about Renminbi of cost (deduction dual-purpose and relevant economization), integral vehicle cost is still 60,000 yuans level. but its performance is considerably beyond former automatic speed changing type car: starting acceleration performance greatly improves, 0-100 kilometer/hour start-up time shortens dramatically, can reach the level of 3 liters of driving engines, starting drives the planetary wheel autoshift of soft smooth and easy no automatic transmission with hydraulic torque converter and impacts; Deceleration and stopping performance also greatly improves, and brake snub is the process of compressing gasbag, and more soft continuously with effectively reliable, overall deceleration and stopping performance surpasses the abs braking device; The cross-country through performance of vehicle, grade climbing performance improve, and have the more described excellent properties of B5, and these performances all are the factors that car fare improves.

Fuel-efficiently play main effect for improving the competition of car fare and promotion. establish the city road conditions and be per 300 meters parkings-startings 1 time (comprehensive traffic lights, crossing and other deceleration are amounted to). the former automatic speed changing type car 70 kilometers/hour need of starting to walk gave it the gun about 11 seconds, 109 meters, at the uniform velocity travel 141 meters 70 kilometers/hour speed, 50 meters of brake snub distances, use 1.6 liters of driving engine ordinary vehicle types of ZYBEST, the ZYBEST starting drives end of a period speed can reach 50 kilometers/hour by total conversion efficiency 0.71, about 55.6 meters of service range. this section engine operation is in idling, driving engine is driven into 70 kilometers/hour relays from 50 kilometers/hour relays and drives 53.3 meters of service ranges, the overall average fuel saving ratio that calculates the ZYBEST fuel saving ratio that whenever stops 300 meters and be the 31.1%.ZYBEST car is estimated by 30%, the car mea life is by 300,000 kilometers, 10 years, city and suburb overall average gas consumption rate are by 10 liters/hundred kilometers, oil price is pressed 2.5 yuan/liter of Renminbi, then lift 30000 liters of typical case car life-cycle consumption of fuels, 75000 yuan of Renminbi, be folded to initial time value by interest rate 3% and be 75000* (1+1/1.03+1/1.03^2+...1/1.03^9)/10=65900 unit, and ZYBEST car life-cycle oil consumption to be folded to that initial time is worth be 46127 yuan, the 65900-46127=19773 unit of saving constitutes the value added of car fare. ignored lubricating oil and wearing and tearing here--the equivalence saving of service expenditure.

Comprehensive aforementioned calculation, the Santana car of this typical case is done the improved vehicle of ZYBEST, cost is still about 60,000 yuans, and reasonable price, even ignore the price markup factor that performance improves, only press the price markup factor that fuel oil is saved, rationally car fare is ten thousand yuans of 11+1.9=12.9.Profit is about (12.9-6)/6=1.15 with the ratio of cost, and promptly the economic benefit that increases of ZYBEST technological advance can make the profit ratio of cost of car reach about 115%, and the profit ratio of cost of the existing car in world market 10-20%. only

As seen, ZYBEST can be auto consumer and the builder brings huge benefit, also the social benefit of bringing exhaust emission significantly to reduce.

Claims (13)

1. braking stored-energy drive system, comprise driving system and transformation of energy stocking system, comprise the equivalent hydraulic pump/HM Hydraulic Motor that constitutes by pump/motor effect power-transfer clutch, control cock and hydraulic energy storage device, pump/motor effect power-transfer clutch is by controlled mobile formation that constitutes the necessary sealing block of Hydraulic Pump leak free, this removable sealing block is shifted to sealing station formation sealing and is then constituted the pump/motor effect, break away from then pump/motor effect disappearance of sealing station, it is characterized in that, described hydraulic pump/motor is gear pump/motor or vane pump/motor, direction that the vector of the suffered hydraulic action of removable sealing block of described hydraulic pump/motor is made a concerted effort and size move to sealing station for promoting the sealing piece slightly, pump/motor effect power-transfer clutch also has the inhibiting device of sealing block shift motion, at the end limited at removable sealing block trend leak free stroke, and make spacing certain elasticity that has, removable sealing block overcomes the elasticity of inhibiting device to sealed slight compression under the effect of above-mentioned trend leak free hydraulic resultant force, obtain handling easily with being easy to Project Realization, automatically compress, automatic compensation gap and wearing and tearing, also avoided the violent friction between sealing block and sealed, constituted thus and can compensate pump/motor effect power-transfer clutch.

2. braking stored-energy drive system according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, be to be used for vehicle braked energy storage drive system, described hydraulic pump/motor is internal gear pump/motor or external gear pump/motor, a pair of gear pair in casing pushes at the removable sealing block of pump/motor effect power-transfer clutch and produces the pump/motor effect when engaging with gear pair, the pump/motor effect disappears when removable sealing block separates with gear pair, the inhibiting device of the sealing block shift motion of described pump/motor effect power-transfer clutch comprises at least 1 elastic element, constitutes compensated for the gear pump/motor effect power-transfer clutch with the spacing automatic compensation tooth top of elasticity radial seal gap.

3. braking stored-energy drive system according to claim 2, it is characterized in that, also has management system, comprise and the Das Gaspedal that can compensate the interlock of motor effect power-transfer clutch and control cock, but brake pedal with compensated pump effect power-transfer clutch and control cock interlock, when the car retardation glancing impact, the initial a bit of stroke that depresses brake pedal is a braking stored-energy operating mode of opening the braking stored-energy drive system, can compensate pump/motor effect clutch engagement, vehicle energy is through the hydraulic pump drive high-voltage oil liquid, enter accumulator through control cock and save as the high pressure potential energy, control cock during this (7) sucks oil and replenishes interval (5) through oil pipe (75) from oil sump through oil pipe (7A), guarantee the working cycle of fluid, but the oil sump in oil sump dual-purpose change-speed box or the drive axle, down then friction brake effect of brake-apply again, when vehicle need drive acceleration, the initial a bit of stroke that depresses Das Gaspedal is a driving operating mode of opening the braking stored-energy drive system, can compensate pump/motor effect clutch engagement, the motor effect occurs, emit the interior high-voltage oil liquid gear motor powered vehicle of accumulator by the control cock (7) of interlock simultaneously, described hydraulic energy storage device is a high-pressure liquid air air sac accumulator, continues to depress then driving engine speedup relay driving of Das Gaspedal.

4. braking stored-energy drive system according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described hydraulic pump/motor is volume gear pump with variable capacity/motor or volume variable balanced impeller pump/motor, from the brake snub stage initially to the end, along with increasing of accumulator pressure, the revolution discharge capacity of volume variable pump/motor reduces one by one, from the starting-up to speed stage initially to the end, reduction along with accumulator pressure, the revolution discharge capacity of volume gear pump with variable capacity/motor increases one by one, the zero pump/motor effect position that replaces pump/motor effect power-transfer clutch with the zero displacement position of volume variable pump/motor, replace the full pump/motor effect position of pump/motor effect power-transfer clutch with the displacement of volume variable pump/motor, make pump/motor effect clutch mechanism be able to quantitative control mechanism with volume variable pump/motor and merge and simplify.

5. braking stored-energy drive system according to claim 2, it is characterized in that, described Hydraulic Pump is that internal gear pump places within the wheel, inner gear (2) double as is the wheel hub of wheel, external gear (1) is directly driven by semiaxis, but the internal gear pump double as is a wheel reduction gear, for strengthening the ground Clearance, external gear (1) should place top, can compensate pump/motor effect power-transfer clutch and place the bottom, the gear pump/motor of each wheel is answered shared accumulator and control cock, be operated in parallel, the state that is subjected to waiting hydraulic pressure makes each wheel gear type pump/motor operations in series connection by control cock to prevent braking deviation or to drive sideslip when falling into car, and promptly (6) connect the flow status that waits of (5) between the meiobar of next motor between the higher-pressure region of previous motor, force each wheel constant speed to rotate none and skid, so that vehicle is displaced mire.

6. braking stored-energy drive system according to claim 2 is characterized in that, the gear pair of described formation gear pump/motor is the garden post speed reducing gear pair in the drive axle.

7. braking stored-energy drive system according to claim 2 is characterized in that described casing is a case of transmission, and a pair of gear pair dual-purpose of change-speed box is described gear type pump/motor gear pair.

8. braking stored-energy drive system according to claim 7, it is characterized in that, the large speed ratio low grade also is set in the change-speed box, reverse gear and direct speed, input gear (181) can endwisely slip on the spline of input shaft (180), slide left its left side awl end is engaged with the right-hand member tapered sleeve of output gear (184), change-speed box promptly is positioned at direct speed, when input gear (181) is positioned at the position that is meshed with passive big gear wheel (182), change-speed box promptly is in the large speed ratio low gear position, output gear wheel set (183,184) but dual-purpose is the gear pump gear pair, can compensate the braking sealing piece (4A) of pump/motor effect power-transfer clutch and drive sealing block (4B) and place gear pair (183,184) both sides radially, engagement place, the having of gear type pump have unsteady back pressure with the side seal side plate (185) that forms the actv. side seal to compensating pump/motor effect power-transfer clutch sealing block, the tooth top seal area, meshing zone and interval (5,6) peripheral region forms side seal in the zone.

9. braking stored-energy drive system according to claim 3, it is characterized in that, when the operating mode that needs such as the continuous descending of vehicle are braked continuously, control cock is reached throttle position and the fluid that gear type pump is exported is imported oil sump, utilize control cock that the throttling action of high-voltage oil liquid is made gear type pump and makes vehicle do not relied on the long failure-free lock torque of tradition friction.

10. braking stored-energy drive system according to claim 2, it is characterized in that, described vehicle is a military-designed vehicle, induction installations such as laser inductor also are housed, when induction installation senses the enemy when launching the aiming symbol of armour-piercing shell, open HM Hydraulic Motor and make it to work in the maximum operating mode of quickening propulsive effort or maximum braking force or maximum reverse-drive power, make the action of evading armour-piercing shell that vehicle is made that moment quickens or moment braking or moment fall back, obtain and depend merely on the motor-driven effect of evading armour-piercing shell of moment that driving engine and present traditional driving system are difficult to accomplish.

11. braking stored-energy drive system according to claim 2 is characterized in that, also comprises and gear pump/motor bonded assembly centrifugal friction formula step change transmission or centrifugal friction formula toric transmission.

12. braking stored-energy drive system according to claim 1 is characterized in that, also comprises and HM Hydraulic Motor bonded assembly oil-electric engine group, described accumulator releases energy to start with assigned frequency at full capacity by hydraulic motor-driving generator group band and send.

13. braking stored-energy drive system according to claim 2, it is characterized in that, described vehicle is an elec. vehicle, the starting that described braking stored-energy drive system is used for elec. vehicle drives, being used to provide starting drives needed high-power, shorten pickup time, and the bad image of the heavy-current discharge reduction battery discharging capacity when having avoided the elec. vehicle starting, prolong the travelled distance of battery-driven car.

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