CN100403093C - Spatial 3D sand table - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention discloses a spatial three-dimensional sand table which belongs to the technical field of photology. The purpose is that by using the sand table, the present invention can have high spatial figure resolution, and bigger displaying volume can be assembled and generated in a modular mode. The sand table comprises a micro laser array scanning engine, an optical fiber micro lens array and a specially designed 2D to 3D demodulator, wherein the 2D to 3D demodulator is composed of a plurality of independent optical fiber posts. The structure and the quantity of every optical fiber post determine the volume and the resolution which are displayed by system space. A plurality of 2D to 3D demodulators are assembled on an XY planes, and the displayed volume of the space can be increased. A two-dimensional image light beam generated by the micro laser array scanning engine is coupled on the inputting surface of the 2D to 3D demodulator through the optical fiber micro lens array by addressing and is transmitted through optical fiber with different lengths. A spatial distribution 3D body prime image is demodulated on an optical fiber outputting port. The present invention can be used for displaying a three-dimensional image.

Description

A kind of spatial 3 D sand table

Technical field

The invention belongs to optical technical field, relate to optics and show that specifically a kind of space three-dimensional 3D sand table is used to show 3-D view.

Background technology

Space 3D sand table is on the basis of various means acquired informations such as satellite reconaissance, radar-reconnaissance, aerial reconnaissance, pass through Computer Processing, with these information fusion and demonstration, set up proportional with true battlefield surroundings, as correctly to show a various actual atural objects and space maneuver object photoelectron device.This understands situation of battlefield, the action of commander army or have military drill for the commander all is very important.Since the nineties, because technology such as computing machine, microelectronics, computer graphical processing, photoelectron, micromechanics develop rapidly, the patent of space 3D display and the innovation frequency of prototype obtain quickening.The representational space 3D displaying scheme that occurred over past ten years has: people's such as I.I.Kim in 1989 the double laser beam addressing rubidium steam that utilizes realizes that double frequency two goes on foot upward conversion (two-frequency, two-step upconversion) display packing, people's such as E.Downi ng in 1994 ZBLAN glass doping Er3+ realizes two step of double frequency up-conversion lasing addressing method, its ultimate principle is to utilize the infrared laser cross action of the crossing different wave length of two bundles in material of frequency up conversion, in two bundle laser point of crossing, the electronics of luminescent center is through the two-stage pump excitation, be energized into higher excitation level from ground state level, when the downward energy level transition of these electronics, produce VISIBLE LIGHT EMISSION, corresponding space three-dimensional address scan is done by shown solid figure in the point of crossing of two bundle laser in up-conversion, promptly can show various three-dimensional stereo images; The optical fiber voxel addressing method of people's such as D.L.MacFarlane in 1994 liquid crystal light valve control, prototype shows volume 300cm ³, can show 11 * 11 * 5 monochromatic voxel, use the plane liquid crystal to do light valve, laser or mercury lamp are done light source, and its main advantage is the optical fiber voxel to be shown simultaneously by liquid crystal array, thereby has higher image refreshing frequency; People's such as M.S.Leung in 1998 single light source (laser or xenon lamp) stratified liquid crystal 3D shows; The FELIX 3D Display of Germany Braunschweig university and the Perspecta 3D System of ActualitySystems company, this two complete equipment all belongs to the frequency sweep volume display system of precise light type, based on rotating screw target screen principle, that is: helicoid can be regarded as along the set of the stem line of helical arrangement on the Z direction.When its high speed rotating, every the stem line has just marked a disc, on this disc, just can show one the image on XY plane of corresponding Z coordinate figure, the effect of utilizing human eye vision to persist, make the pairing disc epigraph combination of all Z coordinates, just demonstrate the image on X, Y, three dimensions of Z.Calendar year 2001, second generation Perspecta 3D System shows that voxel reaches 40,000, diameter 91.4cm, and spiral target screen weighs 125 pounds, rotates with 600rpm.This class has two: one based on the shortcoming of rotating screw target screen principle equipment, and spiral target screen is excessive, will bring mechanical shaking that the observed image sharpness is descended; The 2nd, the demonstration dead band of principle can appear in the central shaft zone.In addition, above all devices all can not adopt the modular system assembly unit, so that it has bigger demonstration volume.That China at first notices space 3D display technique is people such as Chen Xiaobo.They have studied ZBLAN:Pr, and the Yb glass material is up-conversion luminescence spectrum under two bundle laser pump (ing)s, has repeated people's such as E.Downing test and achieving success.But subject matter is: the topology layout of twin-beam scanning, can not adopt the modular system assembly unit so that display has bigger demonstration volume on the principle; The conversion efficiency of material is less than 1%; For make its visible light luminous under indoor dim condition as seen, the infrared laser output power must be brought up on the 10W order of magnitude, thereby be existed the potential harm of human body.

Summary of the invention

The objective of the invention is provides a kind of space 3D sand table in order to solve the problem that prior art exists, and makes it have space diagram resolution height, and can produce bigger demonstration volume with the modular system assembly unit.

The technical scheme that realizes the object of the invention is: make up a space 3D sand table, this sand table comprises little laser array scanning engine, optical fibre microlens array and specially designed 2D-3D detuner.Wherein little laser array scanning engine comprises little laser array, acousto-optic modulator and lens; The optical fibre microlens array is arranged by a plurality of optical fibre microlens and is formed; The 2D-3D detuner is made up of a plurality of individual fibers posts, one end of these optical fiber cylinders is arranged as the XY more two-dimensional shape on the input surface of detuner, the other end ends on the inner different three-dimensional coordinate position of display body, volume and resolution that the structure of optical fiber cylinder and quantity decision systems space show, the number of the arrangement that the assembly unit on the XY plane of several 2D-3D detuners has been equivalent to increase original optical fiber cylinder, thereby increased the demonstration volume of 2D-3D detuner, also improved the resolution of display on the XY plane in the space.The two dimensional image light beam that little laser array scanning engine produces is coupled to by the optical fibre microlens array address on the input face of 2D-3D detuner, and through the optical fiber transmission of different length, being demodulated on the fiber-optic output mouth is the 3D voxel image of a space distribution.

Above-mentioned space 3D sand table, said optical fiber cylinder, by going up the square fiber array that several or the set of dozens of optical fiber of homeotropic alignment are formed with the input plane XY of 2D-3D detuner, square fiber array is rearranged by individual fibers, adjacent optical fiber is along the unit height of successively decreasing of the height on the counterclockwise or clockwise Z direction, a coordinate points in the XY plane in the corresponding two dimensional image in one of them optical fiber cylinder position, the voxel that the z height of this two-dimensional coordinate is lighted respective heights by the addressing in optical fiber cylinder of computer-controlled laser array is realized.

Above-mentioned space 3D sand table, said 2D-3D detuner is made up of a plurality of independently optical fiber cylinders, when the quantity that in optical fiber cylinder, strengthens optical fiber when increasing image resolution ratio, because the refractive index of optical fiber and air dielectric is different, cause the repeatedly refraction of optical fiber and air can cause display performance to descend, influence human eye observation, the interpolation silicone oil close with the refractive index of fibre cladding material is done and is added topping up in the fiber array container, the refractive index of 2D-3D detuner inside is tending towards evenly, to weaken the influence that refraction action brings.

The advantage that the present invention compared with prior art has:

The present invention has adopted optical fiber cylinder as display unit, has realized combinable display device on this basis, can at random adjust resolution sizes fast.Show intactly display image with fiber unit, avoided demonstration dead band phenomenon.Adopt little laser scanning, sweep speed is fast, and the optics demodulation cycle is short, and image update is rapid, and the 2D-3D demodulation mode can truly accurately reflect battlefield 3D information, adapts to the needs of operational commanding.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a structural representation of the present invention

Fig. 2 is that the input of laser and optical fiber does not collimate and causes the optical loss synoptic diagram among the present invention

Fig. 3 is that laser makes pixel light incide the index path of optical fiber by the optical fibre microlens array among the present invention

Fig. 4 is the 2D-3D detuner of fiber array of the present invention

Fig. 5 is optical fiber cylinder space structure figure of the present invention

Fig. 6 is the floor map that optical fiber cylinder of the present invention is arranged

Fig. 7 is the X of demodulation gained 3-D view before the optical fiber cylinder of the present invention position refinement, the Y coordinate diagram

Fig. 8 is the x of demodulation gained 3-D view after the optical fiber cylinder of the present invention position refinement, the y coordinate diagram

Embodiment

With reference to Fig. 1, it is a structural representation of the present invention, and the present invention is made up of little laser array scanning engine 1, optical fibre microlens array 2 and 2D-3D detuner 3.Little laser array scanning engine 1 comprises little laser array 7, acousto-optic modulator 6 and lens 5.The visible light array laser light source that little laser array scanning engine 1 is a small size, compact conformation, optical parametric is identical.This laser array light source can be formed a line a plurality of laser instruments by the integrated circuit production technology and obtain.The pixel light that little laser array 7 sends, change the direction of its scanning by acousto-optic modulator 6, incide on the lens 5, acousto-optic modulator 6 is placed on the focus of lens 5, then outgoing is directional light, this directional light has certain dispersion angle, is not issued third contact of a total solar or lunar eclipse loss phenomenon if do not collimate to cause at certain aperture number from spindle guide because of light, as shown in Figure 2.Therefore after allowing directional light converge, incide the optical fiber 4 in the 2D-3D detuner 3, as Fig. 3 by optical fibre microlens array 2.

With reference to Fig. 1, Fig. 2 and Fig. 3, Fig. 2 is that the input of laser and optical fiber does not collimate that to cause optical loss synoptic diagram, Fig. 3 be that laser makes pixel light incide the index path of optical fiber by the optical fibre microlens array among the present invention among the present invention.The arrangement of the optical fibre microlens in the optical fibre microlens array 2 is corresponding one by one with the optical fiber arrangements in the 2D-3D detuner, make pixel light can converge on the optical fiber input end face with certain dispersion angle, satisfy the numerical aperture requirement of fiber optic conduction, avoid issuing the phenomenon of third contact of a total solar or lunar eclipse loss because of the numerical aperture that coupling light causes from spindle guide certain.

With reference to Fig. 1, Fig. 4～Fig. 6,2D-3D detuner 3 is made up of many individual fibers posts, and an end of these optical fiber cylinders is arranged as the XY more two-dimensional shape on the input surface, and the other end ends on the inner different three-dimensional coordinate position XYZ of display body, as Fig. 4.Optical fiber cylinder is by going up the square fiber array that several or the set of dozens of optical fiber of homeotropic alignment are formed with input plane XY, adjacent optical fiber is along the unit height of successively decreasing of the height on the counterclockwise or clockwise Z direction, the design of so bigger similar pagoda of root can effectively prevent the optical fiber lodging, as shown in Figure 5.Coordinate points in the XY plane in the corresponding two dimensional image in one of them optical fiber cylinder position, the voxel that the z height of this two-dimensional coordinate is lighted respective heights by the addressing in optical fiber cylinder of computer-controlled laser array is realized.The resolution that the structure of optical fiber cylinder and quantity decision systems space show.If forming the quantity of optical fiber cylinder is p * q, arrange as Fig. 6, then each post has p * q unit height, and the hierarchy number of 2D-3D detuner on the Z direction is F _Z=p * q; Arrange if optical fiber cylinder is r * s on the XY plane, then the 2D-3D detuner is (r * s * F in the resolution of space maximum _Z).The design difference of optical fiber cylinder can produce different resolution on the Z direction; The resolution that optical fiber cylinder produces on the quantity of XY planar alignment does not coexist the XY plane is also different.Therefore, the assembly unit on the XY plane of several 2D-3D detuners 3 has been equivalent to increase the number of the arrangement of original optical fiber cylinder, thereby has increased the demonstration volume of 2D-3D detuner 3, also improved the resolution of display on the XY plane in the space.

When the quantity of increasing optical fiber 4 is with the increase image resolution ratio in optical fiber cylinder,, cause the optical fiber 4 and the repeatedly refraction of air can cause display performance to descend, influence human eye observation because the refractive index of optical fiber 4 and air dielectric is different.The interpolation silicone oil close with the refractive index of fibre cladding material is done and is added topping up in the fiber array container, and the refractive index of 2D-3D detuner 3 inside is tending towards evenly, to weaken the influence that refraction action brings.

With reference to Fig. 6, Fig. 7 and Fig. 8, the process of display addressing is as follows: a width of cloth two dimensional image, wherein the coordinate of each pixel is that (x, y), its elevation information z is used during for addressing by computer recording.In 2D-3D detuner 3, corresponding pixel coordinate be (X, Y, Z).Suppose that designed optical fiber cylinder is that a p * q arranges, promptly detuner can demodulate p * q height value on the Z direction.The distribution of these height values can be expressed as a height profile matrix:

Height value in this matrix for increasing progressively successively clockwise.Corresponding have a location matrix:

$Z_{(i,j)}=\left[\begin{array}{cccccc}\left(\mathrm{1,1}\right)& \left(\mathrm{1,2}\right)& \left(\mathrm{1,3}\right)& ...& (1,p-1)& (1,p)\\ \left(2.1\right)& \left(\mathrm{2,2}\right)& \left(\mathrm{2,3}\right)& ...& (2,p-1)& (2,p)\\ \left(\mathrm{3,1}\right)& (3,2)& \left(\mathrm{3,3}\right)& ...& (3,p-1)& (3,p)\\ .& .& .& .& .& .\\ .& .& .& .& .& .\\ .& .& .& .& .& .\\ (q-\mathrm{1,1})& (q-\mathrm{1,2})& (q-\mathrm{1,3})& ...& (q-1,p-1)& (q-1,p)\\ (q,1)& (q,2)& (q,3)& ...& (q,p-1)& (q,p)\end{array}\right]$

In the matrix (i, j) corresponding one by one with element in the height profile matrix, reflected the position of this height in optical fiber cylinder.Add (X to the 3-D view after the demodulation, Y, Z) coordinate, Fig. 7 has provided at (X, Y) coordinate on the plane, each lattice is corresponding to a pixel in the two dimensional image among the figure, and all by the optical fiber cylinder demodulation of a p * q, promptly the shade grid among the figure has been represented the position of an optical fiber cylinder to each pixel.Fig. 8 provided coordinate diagram after the refinement of optical fiber cylinder position (x, y), a lattice representative among Fig. 7 be an optical fiber, obviously, (X, Y) coordinate and (x, y) coordinate has following relation:

$X=\left[\frac{x}{p}\right]$

$Y=\left[\frac{y}{q}\right]$

For the pixel of each two dimensional image (X, Y), computing machine according to its coordinate be addressed to earlier 2D-3D detuner 3 (X, Y) position, this position be corresponding to p * q height value, again by being recorded in pixels tall information in the computer at height profile matrix Z _hIn find respective heights, search Z in the location matrix _{(i, j)}It is corresponding that (i, j), the optical fiber of this position is exactly the target of the addressing of wanting.In that (x, y) on the coordinate plane, the coordinate of this optical fiber is (p * X+I, q * Y+j).Light coordinate for (p * X+I, q * Y+j) locate voxel on the optical fiber 4 and just finished the addressing of this pixel and show by computer-controlled little laser array 7.Computing machine is finished addressing to all pixels in the two dimensional image are disposable, obtains optical fiber 4 positional informations at the voxel place that need light, and little laser array 7 just can be finished the demonstration of a two field picture quickly and accurately under the control of computing machine.

Here be the process that example further specifies a pixel of addressing with 10 * 10 optical fiber cylinders of arranging.At this height profile matrix Z is arranged respectively _hWith location matrix Z _{(i, j)}:

$Z_h=\left[\begin{array}{cccccccccc}1& 2& 3& 4& 5& 6& 7& 8& 9& 10\\ 36& 37& 38& 39& 40& 41& 42& 43& 44& 11\\ 35& 64& 65& 66& 67& 68& 69& 70& 45& 12\\ 34& 63& 84& 85& 86& 87& 88& 71& 46& 13\\ 33& 62& 83& 96& 97& 98& 89& 72& 47& 14\\ 32& 61& 82& 95& 100& 99& 90& 73& 48& 15\\ 31& 60& 81& 94& 93& 92& 91& 74& 49& 16\\ 30& 59& 80& 79& 78& 77& 76& 75& 50& 17\\ 29& 58& 57& 56& 55& 54& 53& 52& 51& 18\\ 28& 27& 26& 25& 24& 23& 22& 21& 20& 19\end{array}\right]$

$Z_{(i,j)}=\left[\begin{array}{cccccccccc}\left(\mathrm{1,1}\right)& \left(\mathrm{1,2}\right)& \left(\mathrm{1,3}\right)& \left(\mathrm{1,4}\right)& \left(\mathrm{1,5}\right)& \left(\mathrm{1,6}\right)& \left(\mathrm{1,7}\right)& \left(\mathrm{1,8}\right)& \left(1.9\right)& \left(1.10\right)\\ \left(\mathrm{2,1}\right)& \left(\mathrm{2,2}\right)& \left(\mathrm{2,3}\right)& \left(\mathrm{2,4}\right)& \left(\mathrm{2,5}\right)& \left(\mathrm{2,6}\right)& \left(\mathrm{2,7}\right)& \left(\mathrm{2,8}\right)& \left(\mathrm{2,9}\right)& \left(\mathrm{2,10}\right)\\ \left(\mathrm{3,1}\right)& \left(\mathrm{3,2}\right)& \left(\mathrm{3,3}\right)& \left(\mathrm{3,4}\right)& \left(\mathrm{3,5}\right)& \left(\mathrm{3,6}\right)& \left(\mathrm{3,7}\right)& \left(\mathrm{3,8}\right)& \left(\mathrm{3,9}\right)& \left(\mathrm{3,10}\right)\\ \left(\mathrm{4,1}\right)& \left(\mathrm{4,2}\right)& \left(\mathrm{4,3}\right)& \left(\mathrm{4,4}\right)& \left(\mathrm{4,5}\right)& \left(\mathrm{4,6}\right)& \left(\mathrm{4,7}\right)& \left(\mathrm{4,8}\right)& \left(\mathrm{4,9}\right)& \left(\mathrm{4,10}\right)\\ \left(\mathrm{5,1}\right)& \left(\mathrm{5,2}\right)& \left(\mathrm{5,3}\right)& (5,4)& \left(\mathrm{5,5}\right)& \left(\mathrm{5,6}\right)& (5,7)& \left(\mathrm{5,8}\right)& \left(\mathrm{5,9}\right)& \left(\mathrm{5,10}\right)\\ \left(\mathrm{6,1}\right)& \left(\mathrm{6,2}\right)& (6,3)& \left(\mathrm{6,4}\right)& \left(\mathrm{6,5}\right)& \left(\mathrm{6,6}\right)& \left(\mathrm{6,7}\right)& \left(\mathrm{6,8}\right)& \left(\mathrm{6,9}\right)& \left(\mathrm{6,10}\right)\\ \left(\mathrm{7,1}\right)& \left(\mathrm{7,2}\right)& (7,3)& \left(\mathrm{7,4}\right)& \left(\mathrm{7,5}\right)& \left(\mathrm{7,6}\right)& \left(\mathrm{7,7}\right)& \left(\mathrm{7,8}\right)& \left(\mathrm{7,9}\right)& \left(\mathrm{7,10}\right)\\ \left(\mathrm{8,1}\right)& \left(\mathrm{8,2}\right)& (8,3)& \left(\mathrm{8,4}\right)& \left(\mathrm{8,5}\right)& \left(\mathrm{8,6}\right)& \left(\mathrm{8,7}\right)& (8,8)& \left(\mathrm{8,9}\right)& \left(\mathrm{8,10}\right)\\ \left(\mathrm{9,1}\right)& \left(\mathrm{9,2}\right)& \left(\mathrm{9,3}\right)& \left(\mathrm{9,4}\right)& \left(\mathrm{9,5}\right)& \left(\mathrm{9,6}\right)& \left(\mathrm{9,7}\right)& \left(\mathrm{9,8}\right)& \left(\mathrm{9,9}\right)& \left(\mathrm{9,10}\right)\\ \left(\mathrm{10,1}\right)& \left(\mathrm{10,2}\right)& \left(\mathrm{10,3}\right)& \left(\mathrm{10,4}\right)& \left(\mathrm{10,5}\right)& \left(\mathrm{10,6}\right)& \left(\mathrm{10,7}\right)& \left(\mathrm{10,8}\right)& \left(\mathrm{10,9}\right)& \left(\mathrm{10,10}\right)\end{array}\right]$

It is 75 pixel that an elevation information is arranged on (20,30) position of two dimensional image, computing machine according to elevation information at Z _hIn find 75, and at location matrix Z _{(i, j)}In find corresponding position coordinates (8,8), therefore the fiber position at the voxel place that will light here should (20 * 10+8,30 * 10+8), promptly on (208,308) position.

Claims (3)

1. spatial 3 D sand table, comprise by little laser array (7), little laser array scanning engine (1) that acousto-optic modulator (6) and lens (5) are formed, optical fibre microlens array (2), it is characterized in that also comprising 2D-3D detuner (3), 2D-3D detuner (3) is made up of a plurality of independently optical fiber cylinders, one end of these optical fiber cylinders is arranged as the XY more two-dimensional shape on the input surface of detuner (3), the other end ends on the inner different three-dimensional coordinate position of the display body that is made of this 2D-3D detuner (3), volume and resolution that the structure of optical fiber cylinder and quantity decision systems space show, the number of the arrangement that several 2D-3D detuners (3) assembly unit on the XY plane has been equivalent to increase original optical fiber cylinder, thereby increased the demonstration volume of 2D-3D detuner (3), also improved the resolution of display on the XY plane in the space; The two dimensional image light beam that little laser array scanning engine (1) produces is coupled on the input face of 2D-3D detuner (3) by optical fibre microlens array (2) addressing, optical fiber (4) through different length transmits, and being demodulated on optical fiber (4) output port is the 3D voxel image of a space distribution.

2. according to right 1 described a kind of spatial 3 D sand table, it is characterized in that said optical fiber cylinder, by going up the square fiber array that several or the set of dozens of optical fiber of homeotropic alignment are formed with the input plane XY of 2D-3D detuner (3), square fiber array is made up of optical fiber arrangements independently, from square fiber array center, adjacent optical fiber is along the unit height of successively decreasing of the height on the counterclockwise or clockwise Z direction, a coordinate points in the XY plane in the corresponding two dimensional image in one of them optical fiber cylinder position, the voxel that the z height of this two-dimensional coordinate is lighted respective heights by the addressing in optical fiber cylinder of computer-controlled laser array is realized.

3. according to right 1 described a kind of spatial 3 D sand table, it is characterized in that said 2D-3D detuner (3) is made up of a plurality of independently optical fiber cylinders, when the quantity that in optical fiber cylinder, strengthens optical fiber (4) when increasing image resolution ratio, because the refractive index of optical fiber (4) and air dielectric is different, cause the optical fiber (4) and the repeatedly refraction of air can cause display performance to descend, influence human eye observation, the interpolation silicone oil close with the refractive index of fibre cladding material is done and is added topping up in the fiber array container, the inner refractive index of 2D-3D detuner (3) is tending towards evenly, to weaken the influence that refraction action brings.

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