CN100399719C - Calibrating method for intelligent antenna array and radio frequency receiving-transmitting machine - Google Patents
Calibrating method for intelligent antenna array and radio frequency receiving-transmitting machine Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a calibrating method for an intelligent antenna array, and a radio frequency transceiver with calibration function, and the present invention does not need to arrange a special transceiver for calibration or a special calibration link. Besides the normal receiving and transmitting channel states of a traditional transceiver, the radio frequency transceiver with the calibration function has receiving and transmitting channel calibration states. When the calibration of transmitting channels is carried out, two of the radio frequency transceivers with the calibration function work in the receiving channel calibration state in order for receiving a calibration signal, the other radio frequency transceivers work in the normal transmitting channel state for transmitting the calibration signal, and the test data of each of the transmitting channels in two times is obtained respectively; when the calibration of receiving channels is carried out two of the radio frequency transceivers with the calibration function work in the transmitting channel calibration state for transmitting a calibration signal, the other radio frequency transceivers work in the normal receiving channel state for receiving the calibration signal, and the test data of each of the receiving channels in two times is obtained. The calibration of the transmitting channels and the receiving channels are realized according to the test data in each of the channels in two times.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the mobile communication technology field, relate to intelligent antenna technology or rather, is that the calibration steps of smart antenna array reaches employed radio-frequency (RF) transceiver with calibration function in this calibration steps.
Background technology
Using smart antenna in 3-G (Generation Three mobile communication system) has been the common recognition of industry, and in intelligent antenna technology, the emission path is again the key link with the calibration that receives path.At present, the technical scheme that is used for the smart antenna array calibration is existing multiple, and has obtained application in existing mobile communications system.
Shown in Figure 1 is wherein a kind of calibration program that generally adopts, and is that example illustrates its calibration process with the antenna array with 4 antenna elements.4 antenna elements 101,102,103,104 and calibration network 150 are installed on the exterior aerial tower, on the exterior aerial tower, can also comprise be connected with each antenna element, be in the power amplifier in the emission path and be in the low noise amplifier that receives in the path.Calibration network 150 is realized weak coupling at each antenna element interface place by coupling circuit and each antenna element, and coupling circuit 151,152,153 and 154 as shown in FIG., this coupling circuit 151,152,153 and 154 connect branch/mixer 155 again.The exterior aerial tower is connected with the indoor unit 100 of base station equipment by 5 radio frequency cables 111,112,113,114 and 115.Radio frequency cable 111,112,113 and 114 is connected to the radio-frequency (RF) transceiver 131,132,133 and 134 of indoor unit respectively.Radio frequency cable 115 then is connected to the radio-frequency (RF) transceiver 135 that is specifically designed to calibration.Radio-frequency (RF) transceiver 131,132,133,134,135 is connected with digital baseband treatment circuit 140.Whole base station equipment is connected to mobile communications network by Iub interface 160, as radio network controller (RNC).
When receiving the path calibration, allow the calibration usefulness radio-frequency (RF) transceiver 135 transmitting calibration signals, allow other radio-frequency (RF) transceiver 131,132,133 and 134 are in accepting state, the calibrating signal of emission is by coupling circuit 151,152,153,154 weakly couple to radio-frequency (RF) transceiver 131,132,133 and 134, radio-frequency (RF) transceiver 131,132,133 and 134 receive this calibrating signal and send digital baseband treatment circuit 140, each receives the amplitude and the phase difference of the calibrating signal that path received for digital baseband treatment circuit 140 records, again the reception transmission coefficient r that respectively receives path according to the amplitude and the phase difference calculating of each received signal.
When launching the path calibration, allow the radio-frequency (RF) transceiver 135 of calibration usefulness be in accepting state, allow other radio-frequency (RF) transceiver 131,132,133 and 134 be in emission state respectively, and emission has the calibrating signal of same level.The calibrating signal of this emission weakly couples to calibration radio-frequency (RF) transceiver 135 by coupling circuit 151,152,153,154 respectively, calibration receives this calibrating signal and send digital baseband treatment circuit 140 with radio-frequency (RF) transceiver 135, launched the amplitude and the phase difference of the calibrating signal of path, the emission transmission coefficient t that respectively launches path according to the amplitude and the phase difference calculating of each received signal again for what digital baseband treatment circuit 140 records received from each.
Then, determine that arbitrarily an emission is a reference path with receiving path, receive the reception transmission coefficient r of path and the emission transmission coefficient t of each emission path according to each again, calculate reception transmission coefficient that respectively receives path and the ratio that receives transmission coefficient with reference to the reception path, respectively launch the emission transmission coefficient of path and, just can realize the reception calibration and the transmitting calibration of each path with calculating with reference to the ratio of launching path emission transmission coefficient.
The major defect of above-mentioned calibration steps is: need to set up one independently between the chamber of base station equipment, inside and outside unit, be connected to the radio-frequency feed cable (as 115) of calibration network, because it is indoor that all active circuits of calibration path all place, this cable is difficult to lay under many circumstances; Need to increase a radio-frequency (RF) transceiver (as 135) that is specifically designed to calibration, after using the far end radio frequency transceiver to realize numeral or analog intermediate frequency remote technology, also this calibration will be placed far-end with radio-frequency (RF) transceiver especially, increased the base station cost; Calibration result can't verification, can only reduce error by the method that calibration testing repeatedly averages then usually.
Summary of the invention
An object of the present invention is to design a kind of calibration steps of smart antenna array, need not to be provided with in this calibration steps and independently calibrate the radio frequency cable that connects calibration network and this calibration usefulness radio-frequency (RF) transceiver with radio-frequency (RF) transceiver and laying.
Another object of the present invention is a kind of radio-frequency (RF) transceiver with calibration function of design, and said method is achieved.
The technical scheme that realizes first purpose of the present invention is: a kind of calibration steps of smart antenna array, comprise the calibration of emission path and receive the path calibration, the emission path comprises that radio-frequency (RF) transceiver is interfaced to normal transmission passage, radio frequency cable and the antenna element of antennal interface from intermediate frequency, receive path and comprise antenna element, radio frequency cable and radio-frequency (RF) transceiver normal receive path from antennal interface to IF interface, IF interface is connected with digital baseband processing system, be provided with weak coupling between each antenna element of smart antenna array and a calibration network and be connected, this method comprises:
A. from radio-frequency (RF) transceiver, select two radio-frequency (RF) transceiver arbitrarily and make it become radio-frequency (RF) transceiver with calibration function, under its reception path align mode, have from calibration interface through the calibration reception path of described normal receive path to IF interface, launch path with under its emission path align mode, having through described normal transmission passage to the calibration of calibration interface, and allow calibration interface be connected with described calibration network from IF interface;
When B. launching the path calibration, allow in two radio-frequency (RF) transceiver with calibration function one be operated in successively and receive the path align mode, allow another radio-frequency (RF) transceiver and other radio-frequency (RF) transceiver be operated in the normal transmission channel status with calibration function; Be in the radio-frequency (RF) transceiver of normal transmission channel status, send calibrating signal through described normal transmission passage, be operated in the radio-frequency (RF) transceiver that receives the path align mode and receive the calibrating signal that is coupled by calibration network by calibration interface, and receive path by calibration and send digital baseband processing system to, obtain respectively to launch each twice test data of path respectively;
When C. receiving the path calibration, allow one in two radio-frequency (RF) transceiver with calibration function to be operated in emission path align mode successively, allow another radio-frequency (RF) transceiver and other radio-frequency (RF) transceiver be operated in normal reception channel status with calibration function, be in the radio-frequency (RF) transceiver of emission path align mode, send calibrating signal through described calibration emission path, the radio-frequency (RF) transceiver that is in normal reception channel status receives the calibrating signal that is coupled by calibration network by antennal interface, and send digital baseband processing system to by normal receive path, obtain respectively to receive each twice test data of path respectively;
D. digital baseband processing system realizes described reception path calibration and the calibration of described emission path according to each second test data of step B, C.
Among the described step D, realize that described reception path calibration and the calibration of described emission path comprise:
D1. respectively launch the emission transmission coefficient of path and calculate the reception transmission coefficient that respectively receives path according to each twice test data calculating of each emission path by digital baseband processing system according to each each twice test data that receives path;
D2. selecting a reception path is reference path, calculate other respectively and receive the reception transmission coefficient of path and the ratio of the reception transmission coefficient of this reference path, realize described reception path calibration, with selecting an emission path is reference path, calculate the emission transmission coefficient of other emission paths and the ratio of the emission transmission coefficient of this reference path respectively, realize described emission path calibration.
Among the described step D, further comprise: use each twice test data that respectively receives path and each twice test data that each launches path, utilize emission path verification formula and reception path verification formula to carry out verification respectively; Emission path verification formula is to compare with the test data result calculated of respectively launching path for the first time and with the test data result calculated of respectively launching path for the second time; Receiving path verification formula, is to compare with the test data result calculated that respectively receives for the first time path and with the test data result calculated that respectively receives for the second time path; When relatively difference during, judge that calibration testing is correct less than a preset value.
The technical scheme that realizes second purpose of the present invention is: a kind of radio-frequency (RF) transceiver with calibration function, radio-frequency (RF) transceiver has IF interface, antennal interface, comprise the normal transmission passage of upconverter and comprise the normal receive path of low-converter, the normal transmission passage is connected IF interface with normal receive path one end, and the other end connects antennal interface; Also comprise a calibration interface and first, second, third calibration switch, each calibration switch is provided with active channel 1 and active channel 2; Be operated in when receiving the path align mode in this radio-frequency (RF) transceiver, send described normal receive path to through the active channel 2 of second calibration switch, the active channel 2 of first calibration switch from the radiofrequency signal of calibration interface with calibration function; When this radio-frequency (RF) transceiver with calibration function is operated in emission path align mode, send described calibration interface to by the active channel 1 of the 3rd calibration switch, the active channel 1 of second calibration switch from the radiofrequency signal of normal transmission passage; When this radio-frequency (RF) transceiver with calibration function is operated in the normal transmission channel status, send antennal interface to through the 3rd calibration switch active channel 2 from the radiofrequency signal of normal transmission passage; When this radio-frequency (RF) transceiver with calibration function is operated in normal reception channel status, send described normal receive path to through the active channel 1 of first calibration switch from the radiofrequency signal of antennal interface.
The present invention is by being arranged to have the radio-frequency (RF) transceiver of calibration function with two radio-frequency (RF) transceiver in a plurality of radio-frequency (RF) transceiver, the operating state of this radio-frequency (RF) transceiver, except the normal transmission channel status with conventional radio frequency transceiver receives the channel status with normal, also have the path of reception align mode and emission path align mode.
When launching the path calibration, the radio-frequency (RF) transceiver that one of controller control has calibration function is operated in reception path align mode, another radio-frequency (RF) transceiver and other radio-frequency (RF) transceiver with calibration function then is operated in the normal transmission channel status, carry out the transmission and the reception of calibrating signal, record is test data for the first time, then under controller control, allow these two radio-frequency (RF) transceiver exchange operating state with calibration function, carry out the transmission and the reception of calibrating signal by same process, record is test data for the second time.
When receiving the path calibration, the radio-frequency (RF) transceiver that one of controller control has calibration function is operated in emission path align mode, another radio-frequency (RF) transceiver and other radio-frequency (RF) transceiver with calibration function then is operated in normal reception channel status, carry out the transmission and the reception of calibrating signal, record is test data for the first time, then under controller control, allow these two radio-frequency (RF) transceiver exchange operating state with calibration function, carry out the transmission and the reception of calibrating signal by same process, record is test data for the second time.
The digital baseband processing section is calibrated each second test data according to receiving the path calibration with the emission path, calculates the emission transmission coefficient and receives transmission coefficient, finally finishes the calibration to whole smart antenna array.
Use method and apparatus of the present invention, no longer need independently to calibrate and use radio-frequency (RF) transceiver; Do not need to be provided with special calibration link between Radio Frequency Subsystem of base station outdoor unit (comprising radio-frequency (RF) transceiver, power amplifier, low noise amplifier and antenna) and the base station indoor unit; And, this twice calibration calculations result verification mutually, the accuracy of assurance calibration testing.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the intelligent antenna calibration scheme schematic diagram that generally uses at present;
Fig. 2 is that the smart antenna with four antenna elements is an example, calibration program schematic diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the radio-frequency (RF) transceiver structured flowchart that the present invention has the smart antenna function.
Embodiment
The present invention proposes a kind of calibration steps of new smart antenna array and realizes the radio-frequency (RF) transceiver with calibration function of this calibration steps.
Fig. 2 illustrates a kind of in base station equipment, adopts the intermediate frequency transmission technology to realize the far end radio frequency subsystem structure that radio frequency zooms out.The radio-frequency (RF) transceiver part that is about to base station equipment is separated from intermediate frequency with digital baseband processing section (comprising digital baseband signal processing and control and interface unit etc.), to be positioned at outdoor radio-frequency (RF) transceiver partly is arranged near the antenna, connect antenna with short as far as possible radio frequency cable, in radio-frequency (RF) transceiver IF interface is set partly, constitutes the far end radio frequency subsystem.IF interface also is set being positioned at indoor digital baseband processing section, connect with immediate frequency cable or optical fiber (wired mode) or microwave relay unit intermediate frequency transmission mediums such as (wireless modes) between two IF interfaces, what transmit is intermediate frequency analog or digital signal, so can reduce the base station construction cost, make one to be positioned at indoor digital baseband processing section and to connect a plurality of far end radio frequency subsystems, and can realize Y-connection between a plurality of far end radio frequency subsystems and digital Base-Band Processing part or connected in series neatly.
Among Fig. 2, the smart antenna of forming with four antenna elements is an example, and its far end radio frequency subsystem structure and smart antenna array calibration program are described.4 antenna elements 281,282,283 and 284 directly are connected to 4 radio-frequency (RF) transceiver 231,232,233 and 234 by radio frequency cable 221,222,223 and 224 on the one hand; On the other hand, on the port of these 4 antennas, be connected to attenuator 214 and branch/mixer 215 by the loose circuit on the calibration network 200 201,202,203,204.Calibration network 200 is connected to 2 radio-frequency (RF) transceiver with calibration function by two radio frequency cables 213, the calibration interface 350 as 231 and 234.This radio-frequency (RF) transceiver 231 and 234 with calibration function also is provided with calibration interface 350 except having the wave point 340 of finishing the normal radio frequency transmission-receiving function.And other radio-frequency (RF) transceiver 232 and 233 has only a wave point 340 of finishing the normal radio frequency transmission-receiving function.The selection of transmitting-receiving path when the selection of alignment unit and calibration path and operate as normal when controller 240 control radio-frequency (RF) transceiver 231,232,233 and 234 are finished align mode.
Because among this embodiment, radio-frequency (RF) transceiver 231,232,233 and 234 has adopted the intermediate frequency transmission technology to realize the design of base station radio frequency remoter, thereby in this far end radio frequency subsystem, be connected with indoor heating system by intermediate frequency transmission interface circuit 250 and intermediate frequency transmission medium 260, finish the transmission of intermediate-freuqncy signal, control unit 240 also adopts corresponding intermediate frequency transmission interface circuit 250 and intermediate frequency transmission medium 260 to be connected with indoor heating system.
Before explanation utilizes Fig. 2 scheme to carry out transmitting calibration and receives the principle of calibration, in conjunction with Fig. 3 the radio-frequency (RF) transceiver structure with calibration function of the present invention is described earlier.Transmit-receive switch 303,304,305 has two active channels among the figure: active channel 1 and active channel 2, it selects the control of controlled device 240.Calibration switch 301,302,306 has two active channels: active channel 1 and active channel 2, it selects the control of controlled device 240.
Comprise in the receive path of radio-frequency (RF) transceiver: antennal interface 340, circulator or transmit-receive switch 308, transmit-receive switch 304, low noise amplifier 315, radio-frequency filter 317, calibration switch 302, low-converter 311, intermediate-frequency filter 312, intermediate frequency amplifier 313, transmit-receive switch 303 and IF interface.
Comprise in the sendaisle of radio-frequency (RF) transceiver: IF interface, transmit-receive switch 303, intermediate frequency amplifier 321, intermediate-frequency filter 322, upconverter 323, variable gain amplifier 307, calibration switch 306, driving amplifier 324, power amplifier 325, circulator or transmit-receive switch 308, antennal interface 340.
Among the figure, local oscillator or reference source amplify, after the frequency synthesis, select active channels 1 or 2 by transmit-receive switch 305, during emission through amplifier and frequency synthesizer 330, the fixed frequency signal of 330 outputs is served frequency converter 323 through active channel 2, be used for the intermediate frequency input is transformed into radio frequency output; During reception, send low-converter 311 through active channel 1, be used for the radio frequency input is transformed into intermediate frequency output 330 fixed frequency signals of exporting.
The 318th, matched load is used to protect low noise amplifier 315.
Controller is according to the needs output control signal corresponding of radio-frequency (RF) transceiver operating state, through power supply, monitoring and control interface control calibration switch 301,302,306 and transmit-receive switch 303,304,305, finish the selection of normal sending and receiving path and calibration sending and receiving path; The gain adjusting unit 310 that control is connected to form by low-converter 311, intermediate-frequency filter 312, intermediate frequency amplifier 313, the gain adjusting unit 320 that connects to form by intermediate frequency amplifier 321, intermediate-frequency filter 322, upconverter 323, with 307, finish gain adjustment.Need to prove that if the calibration switch among the figure 301,302,306 is left out, holding wire directly connects, then is a radio-frequency (RF) transceiver that does not have the traditional structure of calibration function.
Below respectively by its four kinds of operating states: normally receive channel status, normal transmission path state, calibration reception channel status and calibration transmission path state, further specify its structure and operation principle.
The normal channel status that receives.Controller control transmit-receive switch 303,304,305 is selected active channel 1, and control calibration switch 301,302,306 is selected active channel 1.But signal flow is shown to simple table: antennal interface 340 → 308 → 304 → 315 → 317 → 302 → 311 → 312 → 313 → 303 → IF interface, local oscillator or reference source → 330 → 305 → 311.
Normal transmission path state.Controller control transmit-receive switch 303,304,305 is selected active channel 2, and control calibration switch 301,302,306 is selected active channel 2.But signal flow is shown to simple table: IF interface → 303 → 321 → 322 → 323 → 307 → 306 → 324 → 325 → 308 → antennal interface, local oscillator or reference source → 330 → 305 → 323, matched load 318 → 304 → 308 (when 325 emissions, preventing electric leakage damage 315) because of 308.
Calibration receives channel status.Controller control transmit-receive switch 303,304,305 is selected active channel 1, and control calibration switch 301,302,306 is selected active channel 2.But signal flow is shown to simple table: calibration interface 350 → 301 → 302 → 311 → 312 → 313 → 303 → IF interface, local oscillator or reference source → 330 → 305 → 311.
Calibration transmission path state.Controller control transmit-receive switch 303,304,305 is selected active channel 2, and control calibration switch 301,302,306 is selected active channel 1.IF interface → 303 → 321 → 322 → 323 → 307 → 306 → 301 → calibration interface 350, local oscillator or reference source → 330 → 305 → 323, matched load 318 → 304 → 308 (when 325 emissions, preventing electric leakage damage 315) because of 308.
Calibration steps of the present invention is based on that the radio-frequency (RF) transceiver structure with calibration function of the system configuration of Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 makes.Calibration steps will be described in detail in conjunction with Fig. 2,3.At this antenna system, the emission path all must respectively carry out twice with the calibration that receives path, and calibration result is verification mutually each other.
The calibration of each transceiver transmit path, calibration is carried out at twice.Finish by transceiver 231,232,233 and 234 in the control chart 2 respectively.
The calibration first time of each transceiver transmit path: with reference to figure 2, the transceiver 231 that controller 240 control has a calibration function is operated in and receives path align mode transceiver 232,233 and 234 and then be operated in the normal transmission channel status, just can carry out respectively launching the first time path and calibrate.Indoor heating system sends to identical calibrating signal respectively the IF interface of transceiver 232,233,234, through processing such as its transmission channel amplification, filtering, up-conversions, deliver to antenna element 282,283 and 284 respectively through too short radio frequency cable 222,223 and 224 again, on these three antenna ports, by loose circuit 202,203 and 204, be connected to the calibration interface 350 of transceiver 231 again through attenuator 214 and branch/mixer 215 with calibration function.Received signal on 231 pairs of calibrations of transceiver receive path is carried out processing such as down-conversion, intermediate frequency filtering, amplification, the intermediate-freuqncy signal that forms is sent to indoor heating system through IF interface, write down the test data of the emission path of transceiver 232,233 and 234 respectively by the digital baseband processing unit of indoor heating system, comprise signal amplitude, phase place etc., be expressed as Rt
121, Rt
131And Rt
141Certainly, it is identical also can to send into amplitude to transceiver 232,233,234 simultaneously, but the different calibrating signal of encoding, and simultaneously by being operated in transceiver 231 receptions that calibration receives channel status, the intermediate-freuqncy signal that forms is sent to indoor heating system, the digital baseband processing unit of indoor heating system writes down the test data of the emission path of transceiver 232,233 and 234 simultaneously, is expressed as Rt
121, Rt
131And Rt
141
The calibration second time of each transceiver transmit path: with reference to figure 2, the transceiver 234 that controller 240 control has a calibration function is operated in calibration receive path state transceiver 231,232 and 233 and then is operated in the normal transmission channel status, just can carry out respectively launching the second time path and calibrate.Indoor heating system sends to transceiver 231 respectively with identical calibrating signal, 232,233, amplify through its transmission channel, filtering, processing such as up-conversion, pass through stub cable 221 again, 222 and 223 deliver to antenna element 281 respectively, 282 and 283, on these three antenna element ports, pass through loose circuit 201,202 and 203, be connected to the calibration interface 350 of transceiver 234 again with calibration function through attenuator 214 and branch/mixer 215, the received signal that 234 pairs of calibrations of transceiver receive on the path is carried out down-conversion, intermediate frequency filtering, processing such as amplification, the intermediate-freuqncy signal that forms is sent to indoor heating system through IF interface, digital baseband processing unit by indoor heating system writes down transceiver 231 respectively, the test data of 232 and 233 emission path is expressed as Rt
214, Rt
224And Rt
234Certainly, it is identical also can to send into amplitude to transceiver 231,232,233 simultaneously, but the different calibrating signal of encoding, and simultaneously by being operated in transceiver 234 receptions that calibration receives channel status, the intermediate-freuqncy signal that forms is sent to indoor heating system, the digital baseband processing unit of indoor heating system writes down the test data of the emission path of transceiver 231,232 and 233 simultaneously, is expressed as Rt
214, Rt
224And Rt
234
Each transceiver receives the calibration of path, and calibration is also carried out at twice.Finish by transceiver 231,232,233 and 234 in the control chart 2 respectively.
Each transceiver receives the calibration first time of path: with reference to figure 2, the transceiver 231 that controller 240 control has a calibration function is operated in emission path align mode transceiver 232,233 and 234 and then is operated in normal reception channel status, just can carry out receiving path the first time and calibrate.
Indoor heating system sends to transceiver 231 by IF interface with calibrating signal, through amplifying, intermediate frequency filtering, up-conversion, variable gain is amplified to calibration interface 350, and be sent to calibration network 200 by radio frequency cable 213, through branch/mixer 215 and attenuator 214, by loose circuit 202,203,204 are coupled to antenna element 282,283 and 284 port, again through stub cable 222,223 and 224 are sent to transceiver 232,233 and 234 antenna port 340, in these three receiver channels, signal is carried out down-conversion, intermediate frequency filtering, processing such as intermediate frequency amplification, and the intermediate-freuqncy signal that forms sent to indoor heating system, the digital baseband processing unit of indoor heating system writes down transceiver 232 simultaneously, each of 233 and 234 calibrations for the first time receives the test data of path, is expressed as Rr
121, Rr
131And Rr
141
The procedure declaration that each transceiver reception path is calibrated for the second time is as follows: with reference to figure 2, the radio-frequency (RF) transceiver 234 that controller 240 controls have calibration function is operated in emission path align mode, transceiver 231,232 and 233 then is operated in normal receive path state, just can carry out receive path then and calibrate.Indoor heating system sends to calibrating signal the IF interface of the transceiver 234 with calibration function, through amplifying, intermediate frequency filtering, up-conversion, variable gain is amplified to calibration interface 350, and be sent to calibration network 200 by radio frequency cable 213, through branch/mixer 215 and attenuator 214, by loose circuit 201,202,203 are coupled to antenna element 281,282 and 283 port, again through stub cable 221,222 and 223 are sent to transceiver 231,232 and 233 antenna port 340, in these three receiver channels, signal is carried out down-conversion, intermediate frequency filtering, processing such as intermediate frequency amplification, and the intermediate-freuqncy signal that forms sent to indoor heating system, the digital baseband processing unit of indoor heating system writes down transceiver 231 simultaneously, each of 232 and 233 calibrations for the second time receives the test data of path, is expressed as Rr
214, Rr
224And Rr
234
Each twice test data according to above-mentioned emission path calibration and the calibration of reception path can calculate the relative data with respect to any one path by the calculating of relativeness, by relatively carrying out mutual verification.
As an example, with reference to figure 2, establishing by antenna 281, short radio frequency cable 221 and transceiver 231 formed passages 1 is reference path, and its emission transmission coefficient is t
1, the reception transmission coefficient is r
1, the emission transmission coefficient of its excess-three path is t
2, t
3, t
4, the reception transmission coefficient is r
2, r
3, r
4Then the purpose of transmitting calibration is to obtain t
2/ t
1, t
3/ t
1And t
4/ t
1And the purpose that receives calibration is to obtain r
2/ r
1, r
3/ r
1And r
4/ r
1According to above-mentioned calibration measurement process, can obtain:
t
2/t
1＝Rt
224/Rt
214 (1)
t
3/t
1＝Rt
234/Rt
214 (2)
t
4/t
1＝(Rt
131×Rt
224)/(Rt
121×Rt
214) (3)
r
2/r
1＝Rr
224/Rr
214 (4)
r
3/r
1＝Rr
234/Rr
214 (5)
r
4/r
1＝(Rr
131×Rr
224)/(Rr
121×Rr
214) (6)
Simultaneously, also can derive emission path verification formula and receive path verification formula, be respectively:
Rt
234/Rt
224＝Rt
131/Rt
121 (7)
Rr
234/Rr
224＝Rr
131/Rr
121 (8)
The equation left side is with the test data result calculated of respectively launching path for the second time in the above-mentioned formula (7), equation the right is with the test data result calculated of respectively launching path for the first time, the equation left side is with the test data result calculated that respectively receives for the second time path in the above-mentioned formula (8), and equation the right is with the test data result calculated that respectively receives for the first time path.If above-mentioned formula (7) all is false with formula (8), promptly the difference of both members is bigger, for example, surpasses 10%, and then this time calibration measurement is incorrect, and all test datas can not adopt.Otherwise, if above-mentioned formula (7) is set up with formula (8) is basic, the difference that is both members is smaller, for example, is no more than 10%, then this time calibration measurement is in the main true, all test datas can adopt, can recording (1) to the result of formula (6), repeat identical calibration measurement process again, the result who gets repeatedly calibration measurement averages, and just can obtain good relatively calibration result.
Below be the calibration program of the smart antenna array of 4 antenna elements for example, be equally applicable to the calibration of the smart antenna array of 8 antenna elements, 16 antenna elements, the verification formula difference that difference is just derived, but must follow: emission path verification formula, be with the test data result calculated of respectively launching path for the first time with carry out whether approaching comparison with the test data result calculated of respectively launching path the second time; Receive path verification formula, be with the test data result calculated that respectively receives for the first time path with carry out whether approaching comparison with the test data result calculated that respectively receives path the second time; When relatively difference during less than a preset value, judge that calibration testing is correct, the test data that is write down can be used, otherwise the test data of record is unavailable, need carry out calibration testing again.
The present invention allows any two in all radio-frequency (RF) transceiver have calibration function, and uses calibration network on each antenna element port.When carrying out the transmission channel calibration, calibration testing for the first time and computational process are to allow a radio-frequency (RF) transceiver with calibration function be operated in reception path align mode, allow other radio-frequency (RF) transceiver be operated in the normal transmission channel status; Calibration testing for the second time and computational process are that the radio-frequency (RF) transceiver that allows another have calibration function is operated in reception path align mode, allow other radio-frequency (RF) transceiver be operated in the normal transmission channel status.When carrying out the receive path calibration, calibration testing for the first time and computational process are to allow a radio-frequency (RF) transceiver with calibration function be operated in emission path align mode, allow other radio-frequency (RF) transceiver be operated in normal reception channel status; Calibration testing for the second time and computational process are that the radio-frequency (RF) transceiver that allows another have calibration function is operated in emission path align mode, allow other radio-frequency (RF) transceiver be operated in normal reception channel status.So reception path and the emission path to each transceiver respectively carries out twice calibration testing and calculating, just can finish the calibration to whole antenna system.
Use method of the present invention, no longer need to be provided with independently calibration radio-frequency (RF) transceiver in the far end radio frequency subsystem; Comprise between the Radio Frequency Subsystem of radio-frequency (RF) transceiver and antenna and the indoor base station and do not need to be provided with special calibration link; And twice calibration calculations result verification mutually is to guarantee the accuracy of calibration testing.
The listed prior art of technical solution of the present invention and this paper is compared, and has following advantage: the calibration accuracy that has improved smart antenna; Owing to do not need to set up special calibration link between far-end antenna and the indoor base station, reduced the base station cost.
Claims (9)
1. the calibration steps of a smart antenna array, comprise the calibration of emission path and receive the path calibration, the emission path comprises that radio-frequency (RF) transceiver is interfaced to normal transmission passage, radio frequency cable and the antenna element of antennal interface from intermediate frequency, receive path and comprise antenna element, radio frequency cable and radio-frequency (RF) transceiver normal receive path from antennal interface to IF interface, IF interface is connected with digital baseband processing system, be provided with weak coupling between each antenna element of smart antenna array and a calibration network and be connected, it is characterized in that this method comprises:
A. from radio-frequency (RF) transceiver, select two radio-frequency (RF) transceiver arbitrarily and make it become radio-frequency (RF) transceiver with calibration function, under its reception path align mode, have from calibration interface through the calibration reception path of described normal receive path to IF interface, launch path with under its emission path align mode, having through described normal transmission passage to the calibration of calibration interface, and allow calibration interface be connected with described calibration network from IF interface;
When B. launching the path calibration, allow in two radio-frequency (RF) transceiver with calibration function one be operated in successively and receive the path align mode, allow another radio-frequency (RF) transceiver and other radio-frequency (RF) transceiver be operated in the normal transmission channel status with calibration function; Be in the radio-frequency (RF) transceiver of normal transmission channel status, send calibrating signal through described normal transmission passage, be operated in the radio-frequency (RF) transceiver that receives the path align mode and receive the calibrating signal that is coupled by calibration network by calibration interface, and receive path by calibration and send digital baseband processing system to, obtain respectively to launch each twice test data of path respectively;
When C. receiving the path calibration, allow one in two radio-frequency (RF) transceiver with calibration function to be operated in emission path align mode successively, allow another radio-frequency (RF) transceiver and other radio-frequency (RF) transceiver be operated in normal reception channel status with calibration function, be in the radio-frequency (RF) transceiver of emission path align mode, send calibrating signal through described calibration emission path, the radio-frequency (RF) transceiver that is in normal reception channel status receives the calibrating signal that is coupled by calibration network by antennal interface, and send digital baseband processing system to by normal receive path, obtain respectively to receive each twice test data of path respectively;
D. digital baseband processing system realizes described reception path calibration and the calibration of described emission path according to each second test data of step B, C.
2. method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: among the described step B, the described radio-frequency (RF) transceiver that is in the normal transmission channel status, send calibrating signal simultaneously through described normal transmission passage, the calibrating signal on the different normal transmission passages has the different coding of identical amplitude.
3. method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: among the described step B, the described radio-frequency (RF) transceiver that is in the normal transmission channel status, send calibrating signal respectively through described normal transmission passage, the calibrating signal on the different normal transmission passages has identical amplitude and identical coding.
4. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that among the described step D, realizes that described reception path calibration and the calibration of described emission path comprise:
D1. respectively launch the emission transmission coefficient of path and calculate the reception transmission coefficient that respectively receives path according to each twice test data calculating of each emission path by digital baseband processing system according to each each twice test data that receives path;
D2. selecting a reception path is reference path, calculate other respectively and receive the reception transmission coefficient of path and the ratio of the reception transmission coefficient of this reference path, realize described reception path calibration, with selecting an emission path is reference path, calculate the emission transmission coefficient of other emission paths and the ratio of the emission transmission coefficient of this reference path respectively, realize described emission path calibration.
5. method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that among the described step D, further comprise: use each twice test data that respectively receives path and each twice test data that each launches path, utilize emission path verification formula and reception path verification formula to carry out verification respectively; Emission path verification formula is to compare with the test data result calculated of respectively launching path for the first time and with the test data result calculated of respectively launching path for the second time; Receiving path verification formula, is to compare with the test data result calculated that respectively receives for the first time path and with the test data result calculated that respectively receives for the second time path; When relatively difference during, judge that calibration testing is correct less than a preset value.
6. method according to claim 5, it is characterized in that: when judging that calibration testing is correct, the test data of recording step B, C, repeated execution of steps B, C, D again, and the test data of calibration record repeatedly averaged, as the test data of final reservation.
7. method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: among described step B, the C, be to control radio-frequency (RF) transceiver by controller to be operated in reception path align mode or emission path align mode, control other radio-frequency (RF) transceiver accordingly and be operated in the normal transmission channel status or normally receive channel status with calibration function.
8. radio-frequency (RF) transceiver with calibration function, radio-frequency (RF) transceiver has IF interface, antennal interface, comprise the normal transmission passage of upconverter and comprise the normal receive path of low-converter, the normal transmission passage is connected IF interface with normal receive path one end, the other end connects antennal interface, it is characterized in that: also comprise a calibration interface and first, second, third calibration switch, each calibration switch is provided with active channel 1 and active channel 2; Be operated in when receiving the path align mode in this radio-frequency (RF) transceiver, send described normal receive path to through the active channel 2 of second calibration switch, the active channel 2 of first calibration switch from the radiofrequency signal of calibration interface with calibration function; When this radio-frequency (RF) transceiver with calibration function is operated in emission path align mode, send described calibration interface to by the active channel 1 of the 3rd calibration switch, the active channel 1 of second calibration switch from the radiofrequency signal of normal transmission passage; When this radio-frequency (RF) transceiver with calibration function is operated in the normal transmission channel status, send antennal interface to through the 3rd calibration switch active channel 2 from the radiofrequency signal of normal transmission passage; When this radio-frequency (RF) transceiver with calibration function is operated in normal reception channel status, send described normal receive path to through the active channel 1 of first calibration switch from the radiofrequency signal of antennal interface.
9. radio-frequency (RF) transceiver according to claim 8, it is characterized in that: also comprise control interface, input control signal when launching the path calibration, is controlled described radio-frequency (RF) transceiver and is operated in reception path align mode or is operated in the normal transmission channel status; When receiving the path calibration, control described radio-frequency (RF) transceiver and be operated in emission path align mode or be operated in normal reception channel status.
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