CN100399265C - Software process main body automatic consulting system and method based on rulls - Google Patents
Software process main body automatic consulting system and method based on rulls Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention provides a rule based automatic software process body consultative system and method. The system consists of equal software process bodies interconnected, and each of the software process bodies includes the following functional modules: consultative rule editor, consultative model analyzer, consultative rule engine, consultative process engine and consultative rule library. The method includes the following steps: treating received messages successively and detecting the validity of the messages; converting process body's state by means of the state conversion function according to the valid messages; triggering the consultative rule engine to load consultative rule and relative data; matching the data with consultative rules according to promised algorithm for sorting, detecting collision and solving; and executing treated rules to create new data and delivering the result to the consultative process engine. The present invention has low cost, high flexibility and high dynamic performance.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of software process modelling technology, particularly a kind of automatic negotiating system of rule-based software process main body and method belong to the computer software production technical field.
Background technology
In recent years, development of computer more and more lays particular emphasis on the development and application of software, and the development of software engineering has become one of important symbol of weighing the computer technology level.The production scale of software is increasing, makes the software process modelling technology become the key factor that is related to Software Production cost and quality day by day.Traditional software process modelling method often is the mutual relationship between activity or the task with software process modelling, and the mutual relationship between these activities is predefined.In the software development process of reality, software process usually by one group of developer as the basic composition element, these developers consult the task of bearing separately at first mutually, and the back of reaching an agreement forms development group, thereby cooperation is to finish the target of software process mutually.Is the one group of mutual cooperation relation that can represent software developer's (can be single developer, also can be team or tissue), have software process knowledge, can implement the software process activity between the main body of (as system design, coding and test etc.) based on the software process modelling method of main body (agent) with software process modelling, these main bodys are called as the software process main body, are called for short the process main body.The software developer is the main composition element in this software intensive process, and constitutes the software process of relation by consulting initiatively, flexibly to set up between the element, more near the actual conditions of software development, has better flexibility and to the adaptability of environment.
In known systems, consider three fundamentals based on the automatic machinery of consultation of main body: agreement protocol, consultation parameter and decision policy.At present all right and wrong are flexibly based on most machinery of consultation of main body: predefine and fixedly agreement protocol, the fixing quantity of consultation parameter, even all negotiation participants all adopt single, identical decision policy, when these factors changed, the maintenance cost of corresponding system was just very expensive.The negotiations process of process main body is multi-form and changes, depends on factors such as environment, business objective, project characteristic.For example, about the foundation of the cooperation relation of software outsourcing project, can adopt the auction formula of one-to-many to consult between tissue, also can adopt man-to-man negotiation formula to consult; And the negotiation between the negotiation main body of different brackets (the negotiation main body that just belongs to different brackets such as individual, team and tissue) is obviously different.Therefore, in the process of consulting, the process main body (Agent) that main body is consulted in representative needs autonomous decision its employed agreement protocol, the negotiation target of being consulted and the decision policy that is adopted, and those are non-flexibly, static, the arm and a leg machinery of consultation of change obviously is not suitable for the process main body.
Also have certain methods will control the rule and the discrete representation of negotiations process own of some aspect of negotiations process, consult to have obtained certain achievement aspect dirigibility and the dynamic obtaining, represent respectively with auction process and handle as controlling the time, thereby obtaining certain dirigibility aspect the time control; Represent decision policy with rule, and adopt relevant art to make rule dynamically be added and revises at system operation time, thus decision policy can be dynamically, variation neatly; With some Rule Extraction, the classification in the agreement protocol, for agreement protocol provides certain dirigibility.Yet, when these methods are applied to the process main body, have two subject matters: (1) they only provide consult in a certain respect dirigibility and dynamic, and the process main body needs a total solution, can be based on self-demand, factors such as environmental change adapt to ground, neatly, dynamically determine the agreement protocol of their required employings, negotiation target and the quantity and the employed decision policy of needs negotiation; (2) they are mostly at e-commerce field, thereby the demand of procedure of adaptation main body fully.
Summary of the invention
In order to address the above problem, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of automatic negotiating system of rule-based software process main body and method, be used for software process modelling.Inventive concept is: interconnecting the terminal deploy software process main body (Agent) of forming distributed network, each process main body all has unique sign, and can rule-basedly set up protocol model independently.All software process main bodys both can be consulted target by this system's issue, also can respond according to the negotiation target of other process main body issues.
In the automatic negotiating system of described process main body, it is as follows to set up the main process prescription of consulting between the software process main body: when the process main body receives a target, at first this target is planned, according to the knowledge base of self, foundation is based on the task tree of this target, and each node on the tree represents to satisfy required finishing of the task of this target.The knowledge base that level of described task tree and granularity depend on the process main body.For example, a certain process main body a receives a target A about exploitation Web, and this target needs 10 man months (that is one month workload of 10 developers).This process main body analyzes and realizes that this target needs 4 subtasks: demand, analysis, realization, test according to the experience that knowledge base provided; Then further according to the information about this process main body self-ability that knowledge base provided, decision is demand, analysis and the realization task as self, and the test that self can't finish is distributed to other process main bodys in the system as consulting target B.All process main bodys that receive this negotiation target B all repeat the identical step with process main body a, suppose that process main body b wherein splits into unit testing and integration testing two parts with test assignment, and judge the task of self being merely able to finish integration testing, then another task is released again.At this moment, suppose the feedback information that process main body c has accepted this task and determined, then process main body b and c hold consultation and reach an agreement such as workload, the quality of this task with regard to the attribute of this task.In the process of consulting, the process main body is made a strategic decision according to rule base separately.After process main body b and c were consensus, b sent to a and determines the message that receives an assignment, and b and a hold consultation with regard to the attribute of test assignment then.
For each process main body, it at first will set up an executable protocol model, participates in then consulting.Described protocol model comprises three fundamental elements and two control elements, and two control elements are puppy parc and negotiation rules.Described three fundamental elements are: the main body set that may participate in consulting, the set of negotiation primitive, contract of cooperation template.Consult primitive and gather the language communication that is used between the process main body, by puppy parc control, puppy parc is as the static state control of information flow, but the big multi-form negotiations process of supporting process main body.The contract of cooperation template is at the fixing a kind of mode of consulting target of organizing of consulting the problem of target and negotiation destination number and proposing of conventional model, contract template comprises consults target and consultation parameter, control by negotiation rules, the negotiations process of process main body is that the process main body alternately sends the parameter value of oneself approving with regard to some parameter in the contract template, until consulting the process that the participant reaches an agreement to these parameter values.Because of consult the participant to this structure and in have consistent understanding, when consulting target when be added into working time, the negotiation target of this passive interpolation can be known and handle to the process main body.Provide bigger negotiation dirigibility for the user like this.
As shown in Figure 3, after protocol model was set up, the concrete steps that the process main body participates in consulting comprised:
1, handles the message that receives successively, check the legitimacy of message, and give state converter transmission of messages;
2, after state converter receives message, according to the state of state transition function transfer process main body;
3, after the state variation of process main body, negotiation rules is depended in its behavior subsequently, therefore this moment, regular trigger triggered the negotiation rules engine, and the information transmission that the negotiation rules engine is required is to regular task manager, by task manager trigger data loader;
4, the data loader is written into negotiation rules and related data, uses for the reasoning of rule match device;
5, rule match device algorithm according to a preconcerted arrangement mates data and negotiation rules, and the rule of being mated enters the rule match formation;
6, the rule match queue management device receive rule that the rule match device generates and to its sort, collision detection and solution etc., the rule after handling is submitted to regular actuator carry out;
7, the regular actuator rule that passes over of executing rule coupling queue management device successively generates new data, and the result is submitted to the negotiations process engine.
Correspondingly, the software process main body in the automatic negotiating system comprises following functional module:
The negotiation rules editing machine is used for editor, management negotiation rules, comprises control law and decision rule, shows the analysis result of negotiation rules, and the prompting user carries out rule conflict and handles;
The protocol model analyzer is used to check the correctness and the rationality of the protocol model that is made of puppy parc and the defined negotiation rules of negotiation rules editing machine;
The negotiation rules engine is used for negotiation rules is carried out reasoning, and given parameter value during according to the negotiations process engine calling returns to the negotiations process engine with the result, to realize control and the decision-making to negotiations process;
The negotiations process engine is used to drive executable negotiations process model, comprises calling the negotiation rules engine; It is equivalent to a workflow engine, resolves the full-motion of negotiations process according to puppy parc, and triggers the activity that meets negotiation rules by calling the negotiation rules engine;
The negotiation rules storehouse is used to store negotiation rules, comprises process control rule and decision rule;
The negotiations process storehouse is used to store the message flow data that negotiations process produces, and mainly comprises each mutual process main body, negotiation primitive, contract of cooperation and the transmitting time etc. of transmission.
Wherein, the negotiations process engine also comprises: message handling device is used for receiving, sending message, and the legitimacy of received message is checked; State converter is used for the state exchange control of process main body, and puppy parc GProtocol is followed in this control; The rule trigger is used to trigger the negotiation rules engine.The negotiation rules engine modules also comprises: regular task manager is used to respond the trigger event of negotiations process engine to the negotiation rules engine; The data loader is used to be written into negotiation rules and related data; The rule match device is used for data and negotiation rules are mated; The rule match queue management device is used to receive the instantiation data queue that the rule match device generates, and carries out collision detection and solution, submits to the negotiations process engine; The rule actuator is used to carry out negotiation rules, and executing rule mates the rule that queue management device passes over successively, generates new data, and the result is submitted to the negotiations process engine.
Technique effect of the present invention is: (1) is divided into two parts with traditional agreement protocol: puppy parc and rule.Puppy parc is static, can support the negotiations process of various ways.Rule changes, for agreement protocol brings dirigibility and changeability; (2) decision policy is expressed as rule, thus decision policy can by fixed with the variation of revising with influence factors such as the states of conforming; (3) consult target and organize, can dynamically be added in the mode of structuring contract of cooperation; (4) negotiation rules separate, stored and evolution, mutual with the other parts of model in a kind of mode of low coupling, thus be that the negotiation of software process agent provides dirigibility and dynamic with lower cost.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is based on the puppy parc in the regular software process protocol model;
Fig. 2 is the framework synoptic diagram of system;
Fig. 3 is the main functional modules detailed structure synoptic diagram of the execution in step and the system of negotiations process.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention is further illustrated by preferred embodiment, but be not construed as limiting the invention.
With the process of holding consultation with regard to the software outsourcing project between enterprise is example, the process that enterprise holds consultation with regard to the software outsourcing project generally is: certain enterprise that certain software project outwards need be contracted sends agreement request to other enterprise, after relation is consulted in the enterprise of response and its foundation, the consultation parameter value that beginning just is concerned about is each other held consultation, until the suggestion of reaching an agreement with regard to these values each other, thereby set up each other cooperative relationship.
The foundation of the automatic negotiating system of software process main body in the time of at first, all enterprises that participate in consulting are modeled as the software process main body and are interconnected into an automatic negotiating system, and each process main body all has unique sign in system.As shown in Figure 2, the basic function module of process main body comprises: negotiation rules editing machine, protocol model analyzer, negotiation rules engine and the negotiation rules storehouse that has thereof, negotiations process engine and negotiations process storehouse that has and the Web server that is used to give out information.Wherein, negotiation rules editing machine and protocol model analyzer are positioned at the visible access interface of user.
Next is to set up executable negotiations process model, and each process main body can be based on knowledge and ability definition and the modification negotiation rules of self; Described knowledge and ability can comprise: the organizational capacity ability of certain intermediate item (as bear), profile's (as code capacity), resource (time resource) etc.; The editor of negotiation rules, management function are realized by the negotiation rules editing machine, and negotiation rules is stored in the negotiation rules storehouse.Negotiation rules comprises control law and decision rule, and control law can be defined by negotiation initiator, for example: consult unexpected termination the under fair termination, what condition under the time-out time of negotiations process, the time-out time of answer, what condition.Decision rule can be self-defined by consulting the participant, for example: accept to revise under refusal under parameter value that the other side proposes, what condition and what condition the parameter value that the other side proposes and the new parameter value of own proposition under what condition and how to determine etc.After the negotiation rules definition, the regular legitimacy analysis of need holding consultation after analysis is correct, outputs to negotiations process engine and negotiation rules engine with negotiation rules.
The fundamental element of described protocol model is by puppy parc and negotiation rules control, to carry out negotiations process.Described puppy parc called after GProtocol is the static state of negotiations process, immutable control section, and its versatility makes its can the supporting process main body big multi-form negotiations process.Described puppy parc represented by a state transition graph, as shown in Figure 1, and wherein:
(1) GProtocol comprises 5 states, and state set is represented by s, S={Start, S
1, S
2, S
3, End}, wherein, state Start is an original state, and state End is a done state, and state S1, S2, S3 are three kinds of intermediatenesses;
(2) GProtocol comprises 9 kinds of state exchanges:
State exchange among the figure (1) shows: negotiation initiator proposes an agreement request;
State exchange among the figure (2) shows: negotiation initiator is initiated another agreement request, does not also receive the answer of other agent to its last agreement request;
State exchange among the figure (3) shows: the agent that receives message accepts agreement request;
State exchange among the figure (4) shows: the agent refusal agreement request of receiving message;
State exchange among the figure (5) shows: negotiations process finishes, if reach limiting time, the agent that perhaps participates in consulting stops this process;
State exchange among the figure (6) shows: negotiation initiator proposes initial contract of cooperation;
State exchange among the figure (7) shows: consult both sides and alternately send contract of cooperation, can add, revise or refuse negotiation desired value wherein;
State exchange among the figure (8) shows: negotiations process finishes, if reach limiting time, the agent that perhaps participates in consulting stops this process;
State exchange among the figure (9) shows: negotiations process finishes, if reach limiting time, perhaps agent accepts the content of contract of cooperation, and perhaps agent stops this process.
Described negotiation rules called after NR is the dynamic control and the decision-making part of negotiations process.Negotiation rules is divided into control law (CR) and decision rule (DR).The definition of two kinds of rules is all based on Horn clause.Horn clause is made up of two parts: condition part and conclusion part, condition part comprise a plurality of Horn atoms, and conclusion part only allows to comprise a Horn atom.A negotiation rules represents that working as all conditions is true time, and conclusion is true.Control law is responsible for the public control of negotiations process message flow, is that with the key distinction of puppy parc GProtocol it can be changed with the variation of factors such as environment, target or adjust.It consults the participant openly to all usually.Decision rule is used to determine the negotiation primitive that (mostly under the situation in private) sends and comprises the contract of cooperation of consulting desired value, and is non-public usually, is sightless to the other side of negotiation.
The execution of protocol model and the execution of finite state machine are similar, comprise following steps:
Step 1: make up the state converting algorithm: s * NPrim → s, concrete state transition algorithm is by puppy parc GProtocol decision, shown in figure one:
Step 2: make up message adfluxion MF,
Mf
iBeing a message flow, is an a piece of news that participates in the main body of negotiation to another transmission, a message flow mf
iBy comprising following element:
(1) main body of transmission message;
(2) main body of reception message;
(3) the negotiation primitive that is sent out;
(4) contract of cooperation that is sent out;
(5) time point of transmission primitive and contract of cooperation.
Step 3: make up negotiate history H, H={h
1, h
2... h
n, h
iBe the subclass of MF, reflection be all message flows that main body sends and receives;
Step 4: make up knowledge K, K is made up of about the knowledge of software process some, as environment knowledge, tissue or profile (as code capacity) etc.;
Step 5: make up limited input set I:I=NPrim * CC * H * K;
Step 6: make up limited output collection: Out=NPrim * CC;
Step 7: make up state transition function GProtocol:s * NPrim → s;
Step 8: make up output function OF:I → Out, wherein, OF has two subfunction: CR:I → Out and DR:I → Out.OF is output as CR (I) ∩ DR (I) at last
Point at any time, an of negotiations process participates in the main body of consulting in the state in S set.When it receives a primitive, under the control of puppy parc GProtocol (referring to Fig. 1), be switched to another state.Further, defer to OF, primitive and contract of cooperation are consulted in one of its output, wherein, and subfunction CR and DR that is control law and decision rule.
After the negotiation rules definition, be written into as data source in the negotiations process engine through the correct and rational negotiation rules of protocol model analyzer analysis, a negotiations process begins.
Negotiations process language communication between the process main body is adopted and is consulted primitive, realizes that in the mode of message the classification of message is consistent with negotiation primitive title and consult primitive.The set called after NPrim:NPrim={Propose_N of described negotiation primitive, Accept_N, Reject_N, Terminate_N, Propose_CC, Accept_CC, Reject_CC, Modify_CC}, wherein the implication of each primitive is as follows: Propose_N represents to propose an agreement request, Accept_N represents to accept an agreement request, and Reject_N represents to refuse an agreement request, and Propose_CC represents to send a contract of cooperation, Accept_CC represents to accept the current contract of cooperation CC that receives (no longer making amendment), Reject_CC represents to refuse the current contract of cooperation of receiving, Modify_CC represents to revise the contract of cooperation of receiving, Terminate_N represents to stop current negotiations process.The analysis of negotiation primitive and processing are implemented in the message handling device in the negotiations process engine.
In the process of consulting, all process main bodys are held consultation based on identical contract of cooperation template, and described contract of cooperation template adopts XML (network SGML) document mode to realize, defines corresponding XML Schema; The analysis of contract of cooperation template and processing are implemented in the message handling device in the negotiations process engine.The contract of cooperation template is for consulting target, the i.e. organizational form of consultation parameter.Contract of cooperation template called after CC comprises following content:
(1) contract type: describe contract type, as classifications such as outsourcing between enterprise, project task distribution;
(2) contract is described: be used to the main contents of the contract that illustrates, show that as " J2EE " this contract is about a J2EE project;
(3) consultation parameter collection: consultation parameter shows consults the interested concrete negotiate content of participant, as the required man month number of project, code quality; The consultation parameter collection has reflected as a whole consults the common understanding of participant to interested negotiate content;
(4) consultation parameter value collection: the consultation parameter value is the value of consultation parameter correspondence; Consultation parameter value collection has shown the codomain of consultation parameter;
(5) consult target classification collection: consult the target classification and be used to show whether a negotiation target is negotiable, and N represents negotiable, and NN represents not negotiable.
Just become a contract of cooperation after having added particular content in the contract of cooperation template, represent by CC.In the present embodiment, consultation parameter comprise the required man month number of software outsourcing project, code quality, the number of documents submitted to etc.
As shown in Figure 3, negotiations process engine modules comprises message handling device, state exchange (control) device and regular trigger.After consulting beginning, message handling device receives message and contract of cooperation, and condition handler is deferred to state transition function GProtocol, the transfer process subjective situation; Condition handler is followed the triggering rule place and is sent out device, by sending out that device triggers the negotiation rules engine and to its transportation parameters value in the rule place, be message and contract of cooperation, wait for return results and the result is returned to condition handler, condition handler triggers message handling device, after treating that message handling device sends the message success, condition handler changes the process subjective situation and waits for the triggering of message handling device next time;
Negotiation rules control is implemented in the negotiation rules engine: the parameter that device passes over is sent out at the rule place that the data loader is written into negotiation rules, knowledge (promptly true), negotiate history and reception negotiations process engine, the rule match device mates the fact, parameter value and rule then, after the rule match queue management device is handled data after mating, the data after handling are given the regular trigger of negotiations process engine.
Said process repeats, and until consulting that both sides reach an agreement or overtime, negotiations process finishes.
Claims (7)
1. automatic negotiating system of software process main body is formed by the process main body interconnection of equality, it is characterized in that described process main body comprises following functional module:
The negotiation rules editing machine is used for editor and management negotiation rules, shows the analysis result of negotiation rules, and the prompting user carries out rule conflict and handles;
The protocol model analyzer is used to check correctness, enforceability, the terminability of the protocol model that is made of puppy parc and negotiation rules, and wherein said negotiation rules is defined by the negotiation rules editing machine;
The negotiation rules engine is used for carrying out reasoning through the negotiation rules of protocol model analyzer analysis, and given parameter value during according to the negotiations process engine calling returns to the negotiations process engine with the result, to realize control and the decision-making to negotiations process;
The negotiations process engine is equivalent to a workflow engine, resolves the full-motion of negotiations process according to puppy parc, and triggers the activity that meets negotiation rules by calling the negotiation rules engine;
The negotiation rules storehouse is used to store negotiation rules, comprises process control rule and decision rule;
The negotiations process storehouse is used to store the message flow data that negotiations process produces.
2. the system as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described negotiations process engine also comprises: message handling device is used for receiving, sending message, and the legitimacy of received message is checked; State converter is used for the state exchange control of process main body, and puppy parc is followed in this control; The rule trigger is used to trigger the negotiation rules engine.
3. the system as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described negotiation rules engine also comprises:
The rule task manager is used to respond the caused trigger event of negotiations process engine calling negotiation rules engine;
The data loader is used to be written into negotiation rules and related data;
The rule match device is used for data and negotiation rules are mated;
The rule match queue management device is used to receive the instantiation data queue that the rule match device generates, and carries out collision detection and solution, submits to regular actuator;
The rule actuator is used to carry out negotiation rules, and executing rule mates the rule that queue management device passes over successively, generates new data, and the result is submitted to the negotiations process engine.
4. the system as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, also comprises Web server, is used for the process main body and gives out information.
5. the system as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described protocol model comprises three fundamental elements: the main body set that may participate in consulting, the set of negotiation primitive, contract of cooperation template.
6. automatic machinery of consultation of process main body comprises step:
1) handles the message that receives successively, the legitimacy of check message;
2) according to legal message, by the state of state transition function transfer process main body;
3) trigger the negotiation rules engine, and be written into negotiation rules and related data;
4) algorithm according to a preconcerted arrangement mates described related data and negotiation rules, and to the negotiation rules after the coupling sort, collision detection and solution;
5) carry out the rule of handling, generate new data, the result is submitted to the negotiations process engine.
7. method as claimed in claim 6 is characterized in that, described message adopts consults primitive, and the semanteme substantially of session between the process main body stipulated in described negotiation primitive.
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| JP4643718B2 (en) * | 2009-02-06 | 2011-03-02 | 株式会社東芝 | Security enhancement program and security enhancement device |
| CN101741913A (en) * | 2010-01-06 | 2010-06-16 | 北京讯鸟软件有限公司 | Multi-main-body cooperating method |
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