CN1003980B - Apparatus for transferring particles from one zone to another - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a device for transferring a granule contact material to a lower region from an upper contact region by a gravitational force stream, wherein the contact material is in contact with a first radial gas steam in the upper contact region, and the contact material is in contact with a second gas stream in the lower region. The device is provided with a granule-containing transition region in an approximately ring shape, the upper contact region and the lower region are connected with each other, and the vertical height of the transition region can effectively prevent the second gas stream from contacting a granular material in the upper region. Granules of a catalyst can be sampled in an ideal executive plan using a catalyst regenerator, and the carbon containing level is checked in the transition region. The carbon on granules in an upper radial stream regenerator cushion layer is measured to be completely combusted or not by contacting with the first radial gas steam with a relatively low oxygen containing level.

Description

Apparatus for transferring particles from one zone to another

The relevant a kind of equipment that utilizes a kind of gas or steam that the granular pattern contact material is done reaction or handled of the present invention, contact material such as a kind of catalyst, from a kind of reaction or a zone, gravity flow enters another kind of reaction, or another zone.In the process of in this equipment, handling, comprise that for example reform, hydrogen is handled, dehydrogenation and dehydrocyclization polymerization, and relevant operations such as coke contaminated catalyst regeneration various catalytic hydrocarbon transformation technologies.Be presented to Green's Wood people's such as (Greenwood) United States Patent (USP) the 3rd, 652, in No. 231, disclose and narrated an object lesson of catalyst regeneration equipment, in this equipment, in the coking reforming process, covered the catalyst of coke on the surface, burnout by carbon and partly to flow downward, by a fontanelization partly, enter a dry part then, the subject content of this patent is quoted to some extent at this specification.In this concrete equipment, catalyst a pair of apart from one another by the filter screen of concentric porous between annular space in pass through downwards, tentatively contact with the recirculated flue gas of first Radial Flow that relative low oxygen content is arranged, then and contain air, the second Radial Flow gas contact of fontanel element and steam.This first and second gas respectively is introduced in one of the annular filter screen long plenum space of annular and goes, in plenum space by an annular retaining ring separation that plenum space is divided into two zones.Obvious this arrangement can make a part of recycle gas spread downwards, enters the catalyst zone of the effect of accepting second gas, and makes the upwards diffusion of a part of second gas, enters the catalyst zone of the effect that is subjected to first gas.Owing to spread, as not being impossible, also extremely difficulty has any concrete position certainly in annular space, can on this position, sample, after the degree that requires is burnouted on the catalyst coking surface, extract a sample out, can be considered to the situation of energy vacuum reflection catalyst.In common way, though United States Patent (USP) the 3rd, 786 is arranged, 682 and 3, the sampling apparatus that disclosed in 973, No. 440 exists, but examination is asked when measuring the degree that coke burnouts, the general district that burnouts that only uses regenerator, and do not use the zone of bottom, as fontanel district and dry section.So, regenerator is run to enough numbers hour, make catalyst by out-of-operation fontanel district and dry section, reach after the bottom of container, from the catalyst that leaves container, take out a sampling.This method obviously is very time-consuming, therefore, only adopts when the running beginning sometimes.

U.S. Pat 4094817 discloses a kind of method of in moving bed catalyst being regenerated, wherein used equipment has one by last annulus and a lower area that circular screen limited, the catalyst granules in each district contacts with corresponding first or second air-flow respectively, but, it allows first gas to mix with second gas, thereby be difficult to the oxygen content that treatment region is gone up in control, thus cause overheatedly, destroy catalyst granules.

One of purpose of the present invention, be to propose a kind of equipment, utilize gravity the particle contact material post that on, contacts first gas in the treatment region, from last treatment region, transfer to the another one lower treatment plot, in lower treatment plot, contact with second gas, in this way of contact, there is a zone to form, can extracts a sample out, truly reflect the state after material disposes in last treatment region from the inside.

Another object of the present invention is to propose a kind of transfer device, helps the particle contact material to do gravitational motion between treatment region on and a lower treatment plot.

The present invention also has a purpose, is to propose a kind of transfer device, makes the particle contact material, can do the free-falling campaign to a following gas treatment region, and prevent the gas in the lower treatment plot from a last gas treatment district, does the upwards ascending motion of treatment region.

Purpose recited above and advantage, and other purpose and advantage can utilize the present invention to obtain.In a desirable embodiment, can be a kind of particle contact material, for example the spheric granules of catalyst with common continuation mode, is transferred to another treatment region from a treatment region.In a concrete application, burnout district and the chlorination district that comprise catalyst regenerator in the equipment of the present invention, catalyst granules is transferred in the equipment from a reactor, catalyst granules with the process of hydrocarbon stream reaction in, have at least a part of above in attached coke.When treatment region goes to this equipment transfer of granules, can be with a lifter articulated device or with other suitable transporter, its form does not constitute part of the present invention.Similarly, be used for particle is transferred to other treatment region from the last treatment region of this equipment, and/or shift back the concrete device of reactor, its form does not belong to part of the present invention yet.

First treatment region of this equipment, or deserve to be called treatment region wherein has a pair of isolated diametrically porose longitudinal extension element, filter screen for example, its method for making is to use the wedge metal line, around some support bars, do spiral turns around and welding.Preferably according to United States Patent (USP) the 3rd, 652, above-mentioned in No. 231, filter screen cut and original location deflection 90 degree put fixed after again volume enclose, make the vertical flow path of the direction of metal wire and catalyst granules parallel.Placement can be lowered the wearing and tearing of the bed course of the catalyst granules that flows downward the annular space between sieve element like this, and reduce the pressure of the processing gas of Radial Flow, in order to avoid particle is stuck in the vertical fluid groove of metal wire formation, particle is stayed in these grooves, just may cause increasing of counter-pressure, also may cause the bad distribution of gas.The annular inflatable space of handling a pair of above-mentioned spaced filter screen that gas flows to around first is arranged in this equipment, or inflation area, first handles gas is exemplified as recirculated flue gas, adds the air of in check amount inside.The air of adding is controlled, so recirculated flue gas has low relatively oxygen content, for example 0.8% content.Give a quite long common residence time to catalyst granules and gas, and maintain constant a large amount of gases, from filter screen and catalyst granules, just burnout gradually, lower the percentage by weight of carbon on the particle, ease down to about 0.2% from about 5% by the coke on the particle.Handle gas just with combustion product together, enter a central vapor collection district that is positioned at the filter screen radially inner side.

Oxygen content in the maintenance in the treatment region is low to be very important because the oxygen content height can cause carbon burnout rapidly, in the catalyst bed course, produce higher temperature.Having known the raising temperature may damage, and perhaps shortens the expected service life of catalyst granules.Yet, as hereinafter discussion being arranged, supply with enough oxygen, it also is important that an amount of coke is burnouted in last treatment region, when making particle contact rich oxygen content in lower treatment plot, the coke deficiency of retaining above makes particle overheated and go to pot.

This equipment also has a following cylindrical shape district in addition.When material was taken out from the bottom in this district, the catalyst granules in this district relied on gravity to pass through in this district downwards.There is a transition region will narrate to some extent hereinafter, last lower treatment plot is connected, catalyst is assigned in the lower treatment plot from last treatment region equably goes.In treatment region on the radial flow, the first a large amount of gas is arranged, just in one recirculated flue gas, feed air and made a small amount of oxygenation, generally must use an air blast that this flue gas is recycled continuously, the coking surface of catalyst is refined to the greatest extent gradually.But, in following cylindrical shape district, do not need concrete gas flow rate, because it is found that, catalyst granules only need flood in second gas, just can repair (reconditioned).Second gas is compared with first gas, and considerable oxygen content is arranged, and first and second gases adopt air comparatively desirable, mix chlorinating agent inside, such as Cl ₂, HCl or a kind of organic chloride.Second gas by underlayer, is slowly upwards flowed, feed central vapor collection district.The bottom in vapor collection district delimited by the upper surface of the catalyst granules in the lower treatment plot, and the bottom of both sides is delimited by the inner radial surface of transition region inwall, and the upper end part is delimited by the porose inwall of the last treatment region of annular.When catalyst granules floods in second gas,, need to select and to make the catalyst reparation to platinum equally distributed condition on available area supported at least at catalyst with platiniferous.This operation needs, because the coke on the catalyst granules is when burnouting in last treatment region, the platinum composition in the catalyst tends to become uneven distribution.

Comprise a pair of atresia inwall spare and outer wall spare in the above-mentioned transition region, surround a fluid slot that is roughly the vertical elongated of annular, the catalyst granules that comes out in the treatment region on the annular, can pass through this groove, flow to substantially equably in the annular outer rim part that is roughly columnar lower treatment plot and go.

In desirable embodiment, the distance between the wall of transition region is bigger at top place, and less at the place, bottom, thus form enclose the circle tube leaching net that becomes to go up treatment region to lower extension part.The inwall of transition region preferably all is straight on its whole length, thereby a smooth recirculation surface of particle can be provided.The all right straight downward stretching, extension of outer wall, thus a transition region that constant cross-section is arranged formed.But outer wall is preferably in mesozone between its top and bottom, and a roughly intilted taper is arranged.Therefore, cross the annular cross-sectional area of liquid zone, little more a lot of in the bottom because the radial width of transition region reduces gradually than the top, so volume of the catalyst granules of its inside, compare with the particle in that stretch, that equal height is arranged the downwards parallel walls transition region of filter screen cylinder, little considerable volume can be arranged.The more important thing is:, can lower the flow of air-flow because reducing of cross section compared with the transition region that parallel walls is arranged that equal height is arranged.Cone-shaped wall can also give sampling knot device for a good installation site.

Vertically measuring of transition region should equal the distance between the filter screen cylinder at least, but more preferably greater than this distance.This is measured the pressure that can guarantee between treatment region and the lower treatment plot and falls, and is not less than the radial pressure of crossing treatment region and falls.Kept the above-mentioned relation of measuring, the major part of first gas just can by the filter screen of last treatment region, enter central collecting region diametrically inwards.And the gas that rises in lower treatment plot also will rise in vertical direction, enter central collecting region, and the pressure in the central collecting region in the pressure area must be lower than first gas and the pressure of second gas when entering their relevant district.Second gas can not enter transition region, because this gas will run into sizable counter-pressure of the catalyst in the transition region and the little airflow that first gas flows downward.And opposite, owing to can not run into counter-pressure, just must enter central collecting region.Because the position at the end of the upper strata of the catalyst granules in lower treatment plot decision collecting region, so there is not counter-pressure to produce.

Selecting of transitional region height, preferably the altitude range of Xuan Zeing is; Behind the catalyst granules in the transition region, the height that the pressure that reaches falls can prevent the flow that flows downward by transition region first gas, quite high and place that transition region and lower treatment plot are joined, and catalyst granules produces fluidization.If produced fluidization, just particle is worn very soon so.In contrast, the height of transition region should be shorter, thereby have quite a spot of first gas at least, can flow downward continuously.Flowing downward of first gas helps catalyst granules to pass through the gravity flow of transition region.In main equipment, the distance that the height of transition region equals between the screen in first treatment region at least is important, if the height of transition region equals two times of distance between these two screens at least, so just can obtain excellent effect.

Can see at an easy rate that from top narration the catalyst granules in the transition region can show the degree that burnouts of coke truly.Therefore, if can sample to transition region, just the sample particle processing horizontal obtained in the district that burnouts that can explain in precise term so.Because sampling can be carried out continuously, perhaps can regularly carry out at least, just makes the people can control regenerative process better, reduce since when overheated catalyst granules cause damage.For example, if predict the most coke deficiency of heat, just can improve the oxygen content in first gas from sampling.Equally, if it is quite complete to find to burnout, so just might reduce the oxygen content in the gas that burnouts.May be put into the catalyst granules that goes in the hyperoxic lower treatment plot when thinking, when also having the coke of a great deal of on their surface, just may react with oxygen very fast, the temperature of catalyst granules just will be increased to more than 2000 °F at once, accomplish to measure exactly the degree of burnouting and be meaning that particular importance is arranged.Under 2000 high temperature, may be the particle clinkering, and particle destroyed, and low slightly temperature owing to also belong to high temperature, also can shorten the service life of particle greatly.According to ideal, the oxygenated water in first gas is flat, should just be fit to make the catalyst granules that comes out in the district that burnouts to remove coke, thereby when the lower treatment plot of arrival polyoxy, can be through not receiving nocuous increase in temperature.This low oxygen content in last treatment region can also guarantee that catalyst granules stands a MIN temperature in last treatment region.Therefore, raising to greatest extent can there be the service life of catalyst granules.In the past, just be necessary to sound out, at least upwards the treatment region supply more than the oxygen of absolute demand, is burnouted to guarantee the coke that obtains desired level slightly.But as long as excessive oxygen is arranged, obviously to increase the temperature of catalyst, thereby shorten life of catalyst.Even can obtain less heating for catalyst, and also be considerable, particularly in last treatment region, catalyst is resident inside more than one hour, because temperature is very crucial to the service life of catalyst.In equipment of the present invention, the low oxygen content in the last treatment region can not burnout the whole coke on the catalyst granules because have some can be deposited in particle at heart.This residue is partly on leaving during treatment region, and it is about 0.2% that total carbon content is become, and when particle one enters lower treatment plot, contacts with rich oxygen content gas in the lower treatment plot, just can burnout rapidly.This burning will inevitably make particle heating, supposes that the coke in the particle has reduced to desirable level, just can not produce to be higher than the temperature that the top in the district that burnouts reaches, and this temperature just can drop to other levels in partly in the lower treatment plot soon.And, owing to the coke that has only seldom, and because oxygen is diffused into the heart portion that particle also has residual coke, so of short duration intensification does not have very big influence.

Fig. 1 is a kind of catalyst reparation of ideal type, or the broken section front view of reclaim equiment, and the catalyst that falls in this equipment is treatment region on annular successively, and annular transition region and be generally in the columnar lower treatment plot is movablely sampled in transition region;

Fig. 2 is the amplification partial sectional view of the equipment among Fig. 1, expression transition region and transition region and upper and lower treatment region ways of connecting;

The cutaway view of Fig. 3 for being done along 3-3 line among Fig. 2.

Referring to Fig. 1, in a desirable embodiment of present device, the regeneration part of a two-stage is arranged, can see that the inside comprises a vertical pressure vessel, generally represents with 10 among the figure.A demountable skull portion 12 is arranged, fixing with the cylindrical outer wall 14 of securing member of representing among the figure and container.The end annular element 16 that an atresia is arranged, its upper end and 12 welding of skull portion, the upper end welding of lower end and porose Inner filter net cylinder 18.Some catalyst inlet conduits 20 are arranged, be used to accept from a reactor or other used catalyst for the source, inlet ducts 20 is fixed in the skull portion 12, and passes from skull.A gas vent installed part 22 is arranged, also be installed in the skull portion, gas is discharged from container.A radially-protruding screen support bead 24 is arranged, be installed in the bead 12 of skull portion 12 and outer wall 14 ', 14 ' between, be used to install porose outer leaching net cylinder 26, outer leaching net cylinder 26 has upper end installing ring partly 27, stretches out towards the below.Between porose Inner filter net part and outer leaching net part 18,26, annular space is arranged, determine to go up the scope in gas treatment district 28, the material post 30 of a used catalyst granules 32 is arranged in this district, the coke of deposition is arranged on the particle.The amount of general coke laydown, requirement can make carbon content reach and account for 5% of catalyst weight.Zone 28 also can be called " carbon burnouts " district, and usually, because particle 32 is subjected to the air-flow contact of the first processing gas continuously, coke is all removed basically or burnouted.First gas is by gas inlet device 34, and the annular flow part 36 between wall 14 and the filter screen 26, enters zone 28.The most handy a kind of recirculated flue gas of first gas, the gases as discharging by outlet 22 mix an amount of air inside, give the oxygen content of quite low (for example 0.8%).The low speed that low oxygen content keeps carbon to burnout, thereby controlled the maximum temperature that catalyst granules stands, thus prevented the overheated of particle.As mentioning hereinbefore, if can do sampling accurately to equipment, the oxygenated water that so just may regulate in first gas is flat, the service life of increasing catalyst to reduce temperature.

Be placed directly in " burnouting " district 28 below, be a transition region 44, its upper end is by the interior cylinder-shaped end annular element 50 of an atresia; The end annular element similar with one delimited, and inner annular is welded on the bottom of porose Inner filter net cylinder 18, and end loops shape 52 is welded on the porose outer leaching net cylinder 26.In the lower end of transition region 44, its inner surface partly 54 is delimited by a cylinder shape inner wall that is welded on a transition element on the annular element 50.Otherwise also can lengthen annular element 50, save element 54.

From Fig. 2, can be clear that, transition region since its outer wall conical partly 56 by an inclination form with a vertical part 58, so a total downward tapered cross-section is arranged.Therefore transition region equals the width d of the radial distance between the filter screen 18,26 at the width at top, and the width d ' of its bottom is preferably less than 50% of d.Though transition region 44 also can be used parallel walls, with the ring section of a constant width, the design of the total taper shown in the figure is to the height h of given transition region, compare with the transition region that constant width d ' is arranged, can reduce the amount of first gas that from transition region, passes through downwards.The attenuating of this flow, be since the catalyst bed course in particle 32, must from a constrained opening, pass through to be caused counter-pressure caused.Transition region 44 is made the cross section of taper, also can make material post 30 from transition region downwards by the time, its particle speed increases.Moving downward of particle is because the sub-fraction of the gas of 36 li in last gas treatment portion as flowing downward that streamline in Fig. 2 is represented, and has obtained growth encourage.

Readily understand: finished the particle 32' that enters the stroke of transition region 44 by last treatment region 28, can the bright treatment region of real surface the degree that burnouts of 28 li coke.The existence of this state, be because the particle 32 of 28 li of last treatment regions ', almost have no chance to be touched by the gas of relative polyoxy, after polyoxy gas enters gas feed 62, by a distributor, flow distributor 68 for example, gas is upwards distributed by cylindrical shape lower treatment plot 66, upwards pass through the gas that lower treatment plot 66 flows, tend to flow directly into central collecting region 72, in collecting region 72 and by the gas that last treatment region 28 radially flows inwards, mix, and, in equipment, discharge by gas vent 22.The pressure of 72 li of collecting regions of central authorities is lower than the pressure of the gas that enters import 34 and 62.Because the upper surface 66' of lower treatment plot 66 only determines that by relying on from the lower limb 54 that focuses on transition element inwall 54 ' mobile catalyst converter particle 32' therefore, upwards the gas that flows does not flow into 44 li trend of going of transition region on every side.Why this air-flow can produce, and is because the particle 32' in the transition region can give gas a counter-pressure.In addition, also because of a spot of gas that flows downward of crossing in the liquid zone, the pressure height that its pressure ratio central authorities collecting region is 72 li.

Material post 30 from treatment region 28 and 66 li by the time flow velocity, depend on by exporting 74 speed of leaving the particle 32 of lower treatment plot 66.Can also do additional processing to the particle that leaves lower treatment plot 66 if needed, for example dry handle etc., this operation is not a part of the present invention.

For particle 32' being sampled, can utilize in figure with the number of marking on a map 76 and make a sampling equipment generally representing 44 li of transition regions.The particular type of the sampling equipment that uses does not belong to a part of the present invention, but can be connected with the outlet opening 84 that a flow control valve 86 is arranged with bead device 82 with a sampling bullet 78 that valve 80 is arranged.

Fig. 3 is an amplification view of obtaining along the 3-3 line of Fig. 2, and the shape in annular processes district 28 is shown, and illustrate and be welded on bar 92 respectively, form filter screen 28 on 94,26 wedge metal line 88,90, their conduit measure diameter less than catalyst granules 32, thereby gas can then can not by the particle by catalyst from groove.

The intention that a kind of application mode of the present invention is not limited to scope of the present invention is just shown in the design of catalyst regenerator of the present invention recited above, and scope of the present invention is then being determined with claim hereinafter.

Claims (1)

1, the equipment of porous catalyst particle is used to regenerate, utilize gravity on one in the treatment region contact first gas catalyst granules from treatment region transfer to a lower treatment plot, in lower treatment plot, contact with second gas, last treatment region comprises the cylinder-shaped upper part branch of a vertical container, in container, have distance and concentric cylindrical shape Inner filter net and outer leaching net are arranged diametrically, interior, limiting catalyst particle and form the annular space of a catalyst granules between the outer leaching net, between the sidewall on the top of outer leaching net and described container, form an annular gas distribution space, at least one gas feed is communicated with this space and at least one outlet and the internal communication of described Inner filter net, thereby allow first gas from distribution space radially inwardly flow by described annular space and in the Inner filter net element to flowing, lower treatment plot comprises the cylindrical lower part branch of described container, its diameter is less than the top of container, be full of the open interior of catalyst granules fully, at least one gas feed divides with described cylindrical lower part and is communicated with, the interior part that described cylindrical lower part is divided and the internal communication of described Inner filter net, thereby allow second gas descending processing upwards to flow and entering Inner filter net by particle, this equipment is characterised in that: a transition region is provided between last treatment region and lower treatment plot, prevent that gas from flowing into described annular space from described lower treatment plot, described transition region is made up of a sloping portion between container top and the container lower part, the wall of transition region is more approaching at its top at its bottom ratio, the diameter of outer airtight cylindrical element with vertical orientations and outer leaching net is identical, and extend downwardly into described sloping portion from the bottom of outer leaching net, join at a tie point and sloping portion, the diameter of interior airtight cylindrical element with vertical orientations and Inner filter net is identical, connect Inner filter net the bottom and from tie point extend beyond downwards described outside the tie point of airtight cylindrical element and sloping portion, but do not join with the sloping portion or the described cylindrical lower part of container, thereby provide the zone, level cross-sectionn of a restriction, in this zone, catalyst granules moves, so that enter lower treatment plot, the vertical height of described inner cylindrical member equals the twice of the radial thickness of annular space at least, a sampling aperture is fixed in the transition region, its position is in, between the lower treatment plot, described sampling aperture can be done the sampling of the catalyst granules in the above-mentioned transition region and use.