CN100397900C - Multi-route radio frequency remote back transmission signal monitoring system for cable TV two-way network - Google Patents
Multi-route radio frequency remote back transmission signal monitoring system for cable TV two-way network Download PDFInfo
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- CN100397900C CN100397900C CNB2006100386163A CN200610038616A CN100397900C CN 100397900 C CN100397900 C CN 100397900C CN B2006100386163 A CNB2006100386163 A CN B2006100386163A CN 200610038616 A CN200610038616 A CN 200610038616A CN 100397900 C CN100397900 C CN 100397900C
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Abstract
The present invention discloses a wire TV 2-way HFC network multipath RF (Radio Frequency) back-transmitting monitor signal remote gating system, which is mainly applied to spectrum monitoring of a wire TV 2-way HFC transport network reverse channel. The system is characterized by comprising a front-end control device, a multipath selector, a communication channel, an RF light back-transmitting channel, a photoelectric translating output device, a test device and a data transmitting channel. The system can ensure that only one back-transmitting monitoring channel is gated in a single multipath selector; the goal of remotely selecting any back-transmitting channel at the center of a station is achieved under the condition of low cost of devices; a network designer and a maintainer can monitor and analyze an obtained and required back-transmitting signal at real time in a computer room at the center of the station without running and replacing a back-transmitting port between the center and a spot; therefore, network management and maintenance efficiency is greatly enhanced.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates in the coaxial mixed transport network of a kind of cable TV bidirectional optical fiber (being two-way HFC net) to select far-end one road RF return monitor signal and to send back the exploitation of the multi-route radio frequency remote back transmission signal monitoring system that cable TV station's front end monitors by remote control commands, this system is specifically designed to the spectrum monitoring of the two-way HFC transmission network of cable TV backward channel.
Background technology
All the time, cable TV network all is to build as the dedicated network of one-way transmission broadcast television signal, the function that can't carry out two-way communication in the face of the transmission of interactive information, the construction of cable TV two-way network and transform being exactly in order to solve cable TV network transmitted in both directions function, thus make cable TV network that interactive service can be provided.
Figure 1 shows that the two-way hfc plant structure of standard.Two kinds of business of operation on two-way hfc plant, a kind of is unidirectional radio and television transport service, another kind is two-way cable TV interactive service.
Unidirectional radio and television transport service is transmission like this, the television services headend equipment that is positioned at cable TV station center (then be called for short front end) is modulated into the radiofrequency signal of frequency division multiplexing with a plurality of TV signal, and converts light signal to through the front end optical sending apparatus and deliver to cable TV branch center (sub-headend is called for short in the back); The sub-headend optical receiving device that is positioned at sub-headend is reduced into radiofrequency signal with the light signal that receives, and then radiofrequency signal is sent into descending optical sender, converts light signal once more to and delivers to optical node; Optical node is distribution network with the lower part, and signal through the signal amplification of two-way amplifier, is sent the signal that meets the demands into the terminal use after the optical node place is converted to radiofrequency signal.
Two-way cable TV interactive service is like this transmission, sets up two-way alternate communication by optical fiber between the cable TV interactive service headend equipment of front end and the interactive service sub-headend equipment at sub-headend; And the interactive communication between the terminal use of the interactive service sub-headend equipment of sub-headend and distribution network is finished like this: the signal that interactive service sub-headend equipment sends at first by descending optical sender with convert the optical node that light signal is delivered to distribution network to after the radiofrequency signal of One-to-All Broadcast is mixed, optical node becomes behind the signal of telecommunication conversion of signals through the signal amplification of two-way amplifier, signal is reached the terminal use use; The signal that relevant terminal user sends is at first delivered to optical node through behind the amplification of two-way amplifier, optical node becomes the passback receiver of delivering to sub-headend behind the light signal with the conversion of signals that receives, and the passback receiver converts the light signal that receives to and delivers to interactive service sub-headend equipment behind the signal of telecommunication and use.
When the two-way cable TV interactive service of explanation, we generally represent signal from the interactive service headend equipment to terminal equipment with downstream signal, represent signal from terminal equipment to the interactive service headend equipment with return path signal.Hereinafter we will represent sense between interactive service headend equipment and the terminal equipment with downstream signal and return path signal, and be used to transmit the passage of return path signal, and we are referred to as return path.
The construction and the transformation of two-way HFC net, make cable TV network transmit network development and become the two-way transmission network that to run interactive service by previous unidirectional broadcasting, but the frequency spectrum situation of return path can greatly influence the delivery quality of cable TV back transmission signal in the network, exceedingly odious return path noise spectrum signal even can interrupt interactive service, the return path signal that therefore obtains two-way HFC net in time, expediently has very important meaning for the construction and the maintenance of network.
Equipment disposition shown in Figure 1 not only costs an arm and a leg, and exist many problems in actual construction with when safeguarding bilateral network, such as the commissioning staff when the network of the different optical nodes of debugging or during the network of affiliated different branch centers, must constantly between debugging section and branch center, hurry back and forth, so that the front end commissioning device and the up-downgoing passage of the section of transferring are mated, thereby reduced the efficient of work by adjustment; And when two-way services were interrupted, we at first suspected the deterioration of network condition usually, so the engineer must hurry to the branch center, judged the quality of the network operation to obtain the passback frequency spectrum, thereby had prolonged the time of failure judgement; Such as under existing service mode, the operation conditions that can't observe whole network in real time expediently provides reliable data for we safeguard and build bilateral network again.
At present, the method of obtaining return path signal mainly as shown in Figure 2, among Fig. 2, the return path signal of two-way HFC net inserts passback spectrum monitoring equipment in the branch center, one or more passback spectrum monitoring equipment is installed in each branch center just can reach monitoring to all return paths, and the major defect of this mode is:
1. costing an arm and a leg of a passback spectrum measurement equipment reaches hundreds of thousands unit usually, if all according to configuration shown in Figure 2, is very expensive for cable television operators that have a plurality of branch centers.
2. utilization rate of equipment and installations is low.Operator realizes the whole network monitoring if desired, then needs to purchase many passback spectrum measurement equipment, and the monitoring range of every equipment is very limited.
For caution's sake, before proposing patent application of the present invention, the present inventor specially entrusts patent retrieval referral centre of State Intellectual Property Office, made novelty search with regard to system of the present invention, retrieved following relevant documents: application publication number is respectively the application for a patent for invention prospectus of CN 1458796A and CN1268003A and Granted publication and number is the utility model patent specification of CN 2543305Y.Comparison result; above-mentioned documents " and claim 1 technical scheme required for protection in the unexposed searching motif "; in the search report that patent retrieval referral centre of State Intellectual Property Office provides for it, point out: " for the foregoing reasons; the claim in this searching motif has novelty or creativeness, meet Patent Law the 22nd about novelty and creationary regulation ".See annex " patent retrieval referral centre of State Intellectual Property Office search report " for details.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is the problem that exists in the above-mentioned cable TV two-way network management maintenance in order to overcome, provide a kind of can the Remote Selection return path, pass needed return path signal back cable TV station center (being front end) and concentrate monitoring, thereby realizing under the prerequisite that the whole network covers, improve usage ratio of equipment, significantly reduce the two-way hfc plant multi-route radio frequency remote back transmission signal monitoring system of cable TV of cable TV operation cost.
The technical scheme that realizes the object of the invention is such:
The two-way hfc plant multi-route radio frequency remote back transmission signal monitoring system of a kind of cable TV, this system is mainly used in the spectrum monitoring of the two-way HFC transmission network of cable TV backward channel, it is characterized in that: described system comprises:
(a) front-end control device, place cable TV station center (front end), be used to provide user interface, the instruction of initiation system poll, specific return path signal is carried out long-rangely choosing and turn-offing, simultaneously front-end control device is also carried out from testing apparatus and is obtained frequency spectrum data after sending long-range choosing, and can carry out long-rangely restarting to the far-end MUX, also can carry out system database and safeguard, and it is carried out data processing;
(b) MUX, place cable TV station center (front end) or branch center (sub-headend), be connected to described front-end control device by data network is long-range, by operating with the self-defining Handshake Protocol of described front-end control device, carry out the poll described in (a) that described front-end control device sends, choose, shutoff and instruction of restarting, by certain selection strategy, will choose and turn-off control signal and be sent to gating circuit, reach the purpose of choosing one road back transmission signal monitoring;
(c) communication channel is connected to described front-end control device and described MUX respectively, and communicating by letter with described MUX for described front-end control device provides communication channel;
(d) radio frequency light return path, be connected to described MUX, be used for the return path signal of gating is passed to front end in the mode of light, zero gain is realized in the whole piece radio-frequency channel that comprises described MUX and radio frequency light return path, makes design and attendant can obtain the return path signal of oneself needs in real time in the platform central machine room;
(e) opto-electronic conversion output device is connected to described radio frequency light return path, is used for the signal of this radio frequency light return path is sent into testing apparatus;
(f) testing apparatus is connected to described opto-electronic conversion output device, is used for the RF return signal of described opto-electronic conversion output device output is carried out the frequency spectrum collection, and is converted to and sends described front-end control device to after the frequency spectrum data information and analyze;
(g) data-transmission channel is connected to described testing apparatus and described front-end control device respectively, provides data channel for the frequency spectrum data between described testing apparatus and the described front-end control device transmits.
MUX is the parts of core the most in the two-way hfc plant multi-route radio frequency remote back transmission signal monitoring system of cable TV of the present invention, in order to solve this key problem of the arbitrary return path of Remote Selection, cooperate ripe relatively reverse passback optical transport technology simultaneously, reach can the arbitrary optical node inverse frequency spectrum of long-range acquisition purpose, by with the operation of the self-defining Handshake Protocol of front-end control device, carry out poll that described front-end control device sends, choose, shutoff and instruction of restarting.By certain selection strategy, will choose and turn-off control signal and be sent to gating circuit, reach the purpose of choosing one road back transmission signal monitoring.MUX as the core component of system of the present invention comprises:
Power module is used for providing power supply to the equipment each several part;
The IP communication interface, the one end connects described communication channel, and the other end connects governor circuit, is used for the online IP packet of common data is converted to equipment identifiable information frame;
Governor circuit, its input links to each other with described IP communication interface, output is connected to gating circuit, this governor circuit by the CPU control chip as core devices, wherein, described CPU is programmed, and CPU carries out verification, analysis, judgement and reorganization to the information frame that is sended over by described front-end control device, forms control command and exports gating circuit to;
Gating circuit, its input links to each other with described governor circuit, and output is connected to multi-channel analog radio frequency gating circuit, is used to carry out the control command that governor circuit sends;
Multi-channel analog radio frequency gating circuit, its input links to each other with described gating circuit, and output is connected to signal mixing amplifying circuit, is used for according to described gating circuit control signal gating one road back transmission signal monitoring passage;
Signal mixing amplifying circuit, its input links to each other with described multi-channel analog radio frequency gating circuit, output is connected to described radio frequency light return path, is used for selected signal is carried out certain level adjustment, to satisfy the requirement of radio frequency light return path for input signal.
In each part of system of the present invention, front-end control device can be served as by common PC, and is furnished with corresponding software kit, PC should have data storage capacities and at least one Ethernet interface, its CPU should reach Pentium III more than 233, and PC should be installed windows2000 operating system and OFFICE2000 software; Described communication channel is generally provided by the IP network that the point-to-point service is provided; General special-purpose cable TV back transmission signal electric light conversion equipment of described radio frequency light return path and fibre circuit are formed; The opto-electronic conversion output device then can be made up of two-way hfc plant passback optical receiver; Testing apparatus can be made up of the passback spectrum monitoring equipment with digitized processing and data output function; Data-transmission channel can be provided by internal lan.
Described IP communication interface mainly is made up of IP/ serial conversion module and serial level converter two parts, the IP port of IP/ serial conversion module is connected with the external IP public data network, and the TX of serial data by IP/ serial conversion module is connected with T10 with the R1I of serial level converter respectively with the RX interface, the signal of reception and transmission ± 12V, R10 is connected with TX with the RX of described governor circuit with T1I, the signal of reception and transmission ± 5V.
Described governor circuit control chip is 8051 singlechip chips, and its RX is connected with T1I with the R10 of TX pin with the serial level converter of communication interface circuit, receives and send serial data; P0.0～P0.7 data wire is connected with the D0～D7 mouth of described gating circuit latch, be used to send the gating director data, P2.0～P2.7 data wire is connected with the interface that latchs of latch in the described gating circuit respectively, is used with P0.0～P0.7 interface to reach the gating purpose.
The Q0 of described gating circuit latch～Q7 mouth is connected to the control interface of described multi-channel analog radio frequency gating circuit, and the gating instruction is delivered to described multi-channel analog radio frequency gating circuit by these oral instructions, so that control the state of each radio-frequency (RF) switch.
Described multi-channel analog radio frequency gating circuit is provided with three kinds of external interfaces, a kind of is the RFIN interface, the return path signal of the hfc plant in the system just inserts these interfaces, another kind is the RFOUT interface, export described signal mixing amplifying circuit by the selecteed return path signal of control signal to by this interface, also have a kind of S0 of being～S3 interface, this interface is connected with the Q0～Q7 of described gating circuit latch, receives the selection signal of sending here from described gating circuit.
Described signal mixing amplifying circuit mixes access passback amplification module with the RFOUT mouth of described multi-channel analog radio frequency gating circuit, the passback amplification module is amplified to signal and satisfies radio frequency light return path signal input requirement, exports radio frequency light return path to from the RFOUT mouth then.
The present invention to system definition four kinds of basic operations, comprising:
1. polling operation
The purpose that is provided with of poll is to monitor whether the MUX that is arranged on far-end is online, whether operating state is normal, and front-end control device sends the inquiry instruction in turn to each MUX in the whole system.
2. gating operation
The gating operation is used to select a certain return path signal of required MUX, and by the interface operation initiation, selecteed return path signal is the return path signal that current operation is chosen by manually.
3. turn-off operation
Turn-offing also is a basic function of system of the present invention, its at be whole MUX, equally by manually initiating by interface operation, the MUX of shutoff is the equipment that current operation is chosen.
4. restart operation
Restarting operation is when occurring uncertain mistake for the MUX that prevents to be arranged on far-end in running, to control it by front-end control device and restart, and can normally move with the assurance system.
The operation principle of two-way hfc plant multi-route radio frequency remote back transmission signal monitoring system of the present invention is as follows:
(1) the two-way hfc plant multi-route radio frequency remote back transmission signal monitoring system of the present invention user interface that utilizes front-end control device to provide, to the core component MUX of native system send that system's poll, specific return path are chosen, shutoff and long-range instruction of restarting.
(2) instruction between front-end control device and the MUX transmits and is then finished by communication channel, and the control command of front-end control device is with the form entry communication passage of IP bag.In communication process, we have adopted the CRC-CCITT check polynomial that defined adopts in the HFC network management protocol, and the purpose of doing like this is so that this cover system can merge mutually with the HFC network management system in future.Front-end control device will instruct forms frame structures specified, and converts the IP bag to send into communication channel after carrying out the CRC code check.MUX is reduced into its discernible serial data by the IP communication interface with the IP packet, CPU in the MUX is converted to discernible instruction with data and realizes corresponding operation, and the result that will carry out sends front-end control device in the same way to.
(3) MUX is carried out the instruction of being sent by front-end control device, it is by certain instruction identification, data are sent to gating circuit, control multi-channel analog radio frequency gating circuit to reach the purpose of choosing one road back transmission signal monitoring and turn-offing other back transmission signal monitoring by gating circuit.
(4) the cable TV back transmission monitor signal through the MUX gating passes to the platform center by radio frequency light return path, and be the signal of telecommunication with conversion of signals by photoelectric conversion device, zero gain is realized in the whole piece radio-frequency channel that comprises described MUX, radio frequency light return path and photoelectric conversion device, make design and attendant can obtain the return path signal of oneself needs in real time in the platform central machine room, system of the present invention can guarantee to have only in single MUX a back transmission signal monitoring selected.
(5) after the back transmission signal monitoring that receives at the platform center is exported by photoelectric conversion device, send into testing apparatus, testing apparatus is gathered the spectrum signal that enters automatically, and after being converted to data message, is sent to fore device analysis by data-transmission channel.
By such cover hardware system and join with corresponding software and carry out a series of operation, we just can be implemented in the arbitrary return path of platform center Remote Selection, obtain the purpose of return path signal frequency spectrum.
Should be used for further specifying positive effect and the beneficial effect that system of the present invention is produced with several typical cases of system of the present invention in real network below:
Figure 3 shows that the theory diagram when system of the present invention uses in real network.Actual cable TV network often has a plurality of branch centers (sub-headend), the spectrum signal of institute's return path then all collects in these branch centers, therefore we are placed on the MUX in the system in these branch centers in practical operation, so that the access of return path.If the single MUX of design can be implemented in 64 road return paths and selects one the tunnel, place the quantity of MUX like this in each branch center and can determine according to actual return path quantity.And the communication channel that the MUX communication interface is connected directly in the system of the present invention is the IP network interface, by the contact of IP network realization with the system front end control device.The radio frequency output interface of MUX then directly and the passback optical sender in being arranged on the branch center is connected, return frequency spectrum by the optical fiber utilization in the passback optical receiver acquisition of front end, send into the testing apparatus in the system of the present invention.Fig. 3 has shown the applicable cases of system of the present invention in real network under the situation of a plurality of branch centers, and the configuring condition among Fig. 3 in branch center N and the branch center 1 is basic identical.Return path signal in the branch center can be sent to MUX by the port of passback optical receiver or through extracting one the tunnel after certain distribution, and the return path signal that places front end can omit the light return path, directly will send into the MUX of front end by the return path signal that the branch center MUX is selected, at this moment, then operation as usual of other business; Under the situation that MUX quits work or breaks down, native system can not influence the operation of other normal two-way interactive business simultaneously.At front end, the return path signal of delivering to the center by each branch center can further be selected wherein with MUX and one the tunnel deliver to testing apparatus for test.At this moment, because therefore MUX and testing apparatus close together can omit radio frequency light return path part.
Specifically comprise following step:
1. provide user interface by the system front end control device, send specific return path to the core component MUX of system of the present invention and choose instruction.
2. the specific return path of front-end control system is chosen instruction and is entered the system communication passage with the form that IP wraps.Front-end control device will instruct forms frame structures specified, and converts the IP bag after carrying out the CRC code check to, and sends into communication channel.
3. the specific return path that sends of front-end control device is chosen instruction and by the IP communication interface in the MUX IP packet is reduced into its discernible serial data, CPU in the MUX is converted to data discernible instruction and carries out corresponding operation, and the result that will carry out sends front-end control device in the same way to, and concrete operation principle is as follows:
A) MUX is carried out by front-end control device, it is by certain instruction identification, data are sent to gating circuit, control multi-channel analog radio frequency gating circuit to reach the purpose of choosing one road back transmission signal monitoring and turn-offing other passback monitoring channel by gating circuit.
B) the cable TV back transmission monitor signal through the MUX gating passes to the platform center by radio frequency light return path, and is the signal of telecommunication by photoelectric conversion device with conversion of signals.Zero gain is realized in the whole piece radio-frequency channel that comprises described MUX, radio frequency light return path and photoelectric conversion device, make the return path signal that design and attendant can obtain oneself in real time in the platform central machine room need, system of the present invention can guarantee in single MUX, to have only a passback monitoring channel by gating.
C) after the back transmission signal monitoring that receives at the platform center is exported by photoelectric conversion device, send into testing apparatus, testing apparatus is gathered the spectrum signal that enters automatically, and after being converted to data message, is sent to front-end control device analysis by data-transmission channel.
One. the application of system of the present invention in the network debugging
Before system of the present invention makes, the commissioning staff is in the debugging network process, must at first go to branch center Installation and Debugging front end corollary equipment, and then measure by spectrum analyzer at the scene, a debugging of every replacing section, the commissioning staff needs to repeat above-mentioned work, therefore the commissioning staff must constantly travel to and fro between between branch center and each debugging scene in the whole debug process, when if the debugging scene is positioned at the section of different branch centers, then the commissioning staff need constantly travel to and fro between each branch center, bring very big trouble to engineering debug like this, wasted the engineering time greatly, influenced the progress of engineering.
This cover system of the present invention has been arranged, as long as we be installed in the platform center for a long time with the front end commissioning device, by front-end control device that road return path at platform center gating commissioning staff needs, the commissioning staff can directly debug to the scene, change the passback port and need not between branch center and debugging scene, to hurry back and forth back and forth, thereby greatly improved debugging efficiency.
Two. the application of system of the present invention in network operation
In the network operation process, there is the multiple uncertain factor that may influence the normal operation of interactive service, wherein network return noise rapid deterioration is one of these uncertain factors.Running into this type of situation, generally is to need the network maintenance staff to determine at first whether professional fault is caused by noise, if next noise failure then needs to determine noise source, and then according to circumstances takes corresponding measure.The basis of everything operation is the noise spectrum that the network maintenance staff can obtain corresponding return path.Before system of the present invention makes, the approach that obtains spectrum signal is directly to use the test port test of frequency spectrograph at the passback receiver module, because large quantities of passback receiver modules is installed in the branch center, this just needs the network maintenance staff to carry instrument to arrive in the branch center and just can operate, so greatly reduced the speed that problem is searched and solved, run into bad weather, then investigation is more difficult, thereby has had a strong impact on carrying out of interactive service.
System of the present invention has been arranged, and the network maintenance staff can the spectrum signal to any one road return path of any one branch center carries out real-time monitoring at the platform center by front-end control device, has made things convenient for attendant's operation, has saved a large amount of time; Simultaneously, when the investigation fault, can choose one road return path to observe for a long time arbitrarily, not be subjected to the influence of weather and other factors, bring great convenience for phase-split network noise source, investigation fault by the Long-distance Control at center.
Three. the system of the present invention application in networking is safeguarded that combines with miscellaneous equipment
Just as mentioned above, utilize system of the present invention can solve the problem of coming and going ceaselessly in the network debugging, thereby accelerate the construction progress of network; Can solve the problem that obtains network return path spectrum information fast, thereby improve the maintenance quality of network.But the original intention of these to be the present inventor design and develop these cover systems, along with going deep into of system development and application, the present inventor feels dearly diverse network monitoring commissioning device used isolatedly and can not bring into play effect of the present invention fully.
The example that is maintained as with cable modem system: the passback carrier-to-noise ratio and the transmitting power that can obtain each cable modem usually by certain software approach; Also can reach the purpose that suppresses noise, improves carrier-to-noise ratio with the method that increases link attenuation by the Long-distance Control tri-state switch technology in the hfc plant management system.But in real work, if when finding that the carrier-to-noise ratio of certain cable modem reduces unusually, staff's be difficult to make decision immediately work of whether adjusting tri-state switch and can't determine which tri-state switch is adjusted, and the root of the problem of everything is the reverse signal frequency spectrum that we can't obtain to specify return path apace.
System of the present invention makes us break away from the puzzlement of this respect.When the carrier-to-noise ratio of finding certain cable modem reduces, we can obtain the title or the numbering of corresponding ray machine according to the MAC Address of this cable modem rapidly, return path by system of the present invention this ray machine correspondence of gating then, thereby can control tri-state switch with a definite target in view by analyzing the reverse signal frequency spectrum that obtains, reach the purpose of rapid recovery cable modem carrier-to-noise ratio.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is present two-way hfc plant structured flowchart;
Fig. 2 is present two-way hfc plant return path signal obtain manner theory diagram;
Fig. 3 is the application principle block diagram of system of the present invention in real network;
Fig. 4 is a system principle diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is a MUX schematic block circuit diagram in the system of the present invention;
Fig. 6 is MUX in the system of the present invention ± 5V power circuit principle figure;
Fig. 7 is MUX in the system of the present invention+24V power circuit principle figure;
Fig. 8 is a MUX IP communication interface circuit schematic diagram in the system of the present invention;
Fig. 9 is the circuit theory diagrams of MUX governor circuit in the system of the present invention;
Figure 10 is the circuit theory diagrams of MUX gating circuit in the system of the present invention;
Figure 11 is the circuit theory diagrams of MUX multi-channel analog radio frequency gating circuit in the system of the present invention;
Figure 12 is the circuit theory diagrams of MUX signal mixing amplifying circuit in the system of the present invention;
Figure 13 is the complete circuit theory diagrams of MUX in the system of the present invention;
Figure 14 is a system front end Control Software program flow diagram of the present invention;
Figure 15 is a MUX software program flow chart in the system of the present invention;
Figure 16 is a system of the present invention control command protocol processes flow chart;
Figure 17 is a MUX protocol processes subroutine flow chart in the system of the present invention;
Figure 18 is a MUX gating control subprogram flow chart in the system of the present invention.
Embodiment
For making your auditor and the public can further understand soft, hardware configuration feature of the present invention and beneficial effect thereof, the spy reaches embodiment in conjunction with the accompanying drawings the specific embodiment of the present invention is described in detail as follows:
One. the hardware configuration of system of the present invention
Shown in Figure 4 is the two-way hfc plant multi-route radio frequency remote back transmission signal monitoring system of cable TV of the present invention theory diagram, wherein:
(a) front-end control device: be placed in cable TV station center (front end), be used to provide user interface, the instruction of initiation system poll, specific return path signal is carried out long-rangely choosing and turn-offing, front-end control device is also carried out from testing apparatus and is obtained frequency spectrum data after carrying out long-range choosing simultaneously; Can carry out long-rangely restarting to the far-end MUX; Also can carry out system database and safeguard, and it is carried out the task dispatching of data processing; Front-end control device can be served as by common PC, and PC should possess data storage capacities and at least one Ethernet interface, and its CPU should reach Pentium III more than 233, and PC should be installed windows2000 operating system and OFFICE2000 software.
(b) MUX: be placed in front end or sub-headend, be connected to described front-end control device by data network is long-range, by with the operation of the self-defining Handshake Protocol of described front-end control device, carry out poll that described front-end control device sends, choose, shutoff and instruction of restarting; By certain selection strategy, will choose and turn-off control signal and be sent to gating circuit, reach the purpose of choosing one road back transmission signal monitoring.MUX is the core component of whole system, is made up of special circuit and corresponding software kit, will be described in detail in the chapters and sections below.
(c) communication channel: communicating by letter with described MUX for described front-end control device provides communication channel, and this communication channel can be provided by the public ip network that the point-to-point service is provided.
(d) radio frequency light return path: be connected to described MUX, be used for the return path signal of gating is passed to front end in the mode of light, zero gain is realized in the whole piece radio-frequency channel that comprises described MUX and radio frequency light return path, makes design and attendant can obtain the return path signal of oneself needs in real time in the platform machine room.Radio frequency light return path can special-purpose cable TV back transmission signal electric light conversion equipment and fibre circuit composition.
(e) opto-electronic conversion output device: be connected to described radio frequency light return path, be used for the signal of this radio frequency light return path is sent into testing apparatus.The opto-electronic conversion output device can be made up of two-way hfc plant passback optical receiver.
(f) testing apparatus: be connected with described opto-electronic conversion output device, be used for the RF return signal of opto-electronic conversion output device output is carried out the frequency spectrum collection, and be converted to and send described front-end control device to after the frequency spectrum data information and analyze.Testing apparatus generally is made up of the passback spectrum monitoring equipment with digitized processing and data output function.
(g) data-transmission channel: connect described testing apparatus and front-end control device, provide data channel, can provide by internal lan for the frequency spectrum data between front-end control device and the testing apparatus transmits.
More than in (a)～(g) each system's part, except that (b) part, other each part all can utilize prior art to realize, for the person of ordinary skill of the art, does not need creative work promptly can understand, and does not add at this and gives unnecessary details.Below will in the system of the present invention the most the parts MUX of core be described in detail.
Present embodiment to system definition four kinds of basic operations, that is: 1) poll, 2) gating, 3) turn-off, 4) restart.
Fig. 5 is the MUX schematic block circuit diagram, and it comprises: power module, IP communication interface, governor circuit, gating circuit, multi-channel analog radio frequency gating circuit, signal mixing amplifying circuit.
Wherein power module adopts the multiple power source circuit, the equipment of being respectively provides ± 5V and+the 24V DC power supply, its circuit theory is respectively as shown in Figure 6 and Figure 7.
One end of IP communication interface is connected to the system communication passage, the other end connects governor circuit, be used for the online IP packet of common data is converted to equipment identifiable information frame, Fig. 8 shows the circuit theory of this IP communication interface, and communication interface circuit mainly is made up of IP/ serial conversion module and serial level converter two parts:
A) IP/ serial conversion module mainly realizes the mutual conversion of data format between IP packet and the serial data, wherein the IP packet is connected with the external IP public data network by the IP port of modular converter, and serial data is connected with T10 with the R1I of serial level converter respectively with the RX interface by modular converter TX, and IP/ serial conversion module generally can be made of the protocol converter of special-purpose RS232-TCP/IP;
B) owing to the standard serial data voltage be ± 12V, and governor circuit receives and send voltage be ± 5V, so used the serial level converter to carry out the correspondent voltage conversion, the R1I of serial level converter is connected with IP/ serial conversion module with T1O, the signal of reception and transmission ± 12V, R10 is connected with TX with the RX of governor circuit with T1I, the signal of reception and transmission ± 5V, and we have used the MAX232 chip serial level converter.
The circuit theory of governor circuit as shown in Figure 9, it is connected to described IP communication interface and gating circuit respectively, by the CPU control chip as core devices, form control circuit, wherein, described CPU is programmed, and CPU carries out verification, analysis, judgement and reorganization to the information frame that is sended over by front-end control device, forms control command and exports gating circuit to; We have used 8051 comparatively common singlechip chips, and his RX is connected with T1I with the R10 of TX pin with the serial level converter of communication interface circuit, receive and send serial data; P0.0～P0.7 data wire is connected with the D0～D7 mouth of gating circuit latch, is used to send the gating director data, and P2.0～P2.7 data wire is connected with the interface that latchs of latch in the gating circuit respectively, is used with P0.0～P0.7 interface to reach the gating purpose.Before use, we must write corresponding software kit in the single-chip microcomputer, make single-chip microcomputer carry out verification, analysis, judgement and reorganization to the information frame that sends over by the PC front-end control device, form the instruction of control peripheral circuit gating module, by P0.0～0.7 and P2.0～2.7 data port gating circuit is delivered in instruction then.
The circuit theory of gating circuit as shown in figure 10, it is connected to described governor circuit and multi-channel analog radio frequency gating circuit respectively, it mainly acts on is the instruction of carrying out governor circuit, and is that the particular level of special pin is sent to multi-channel analog radio frequency gating circuit with instruction transformation.We have designed 8 gating circuits in the MUX of present embodiment, the D0 of all gating circuits～D7 mouth all is connected to the P0.0～P0.7 mouth of governor circuit, the mouth that latchs of 8 gating circuits then is connected with the P2.0～P2.7 pin of governor circuit respectively, we at first select No. one gating circuit by the P2.x data port like this, and then send gating instruction by selecteed gating circuit to multi-channel analog radio frequency gating circuit by the P0.x mouth; The Q0 of gating circuit～Q7 mouth is connected to the control interface of multi-channel analog radio frequency gating circuit, and the gating instruction is delivered to multi-channel analog radio frequency gating circuit by these oral instructions, so that control the state of each radio-frequency (RF) switch.This circuit cooperates with governor circuit and has only one the tunnel to be exported by gating in the return path that can guarantee all inputs, has satisfied the selection of system for the single channel return path signal.We have used the HC373 chip latch.
Figure 11 is the circuit theory of multi-channel analog radio frequency gating circuit, and it is connected to described gating circuit and signal mixing amplifying circuit respectively, is used for according to described gating circuit control signal gating one road back transmission signal monitoring passage.Multi-channel analog radio frequency gating circuit is a vitals realizing the RF channel selecting, the radio frequency multidiameter option switch then is the core devices of analog radio frequency gating matrix circuit, it can guarantee under the situation that the input of multichannel return path signal is arranged, have and only have the output of one tunnel selecteed return path signal, and the output signal of selecteed return path and input signal are in full accord.Not only need to consider the volume, voltage of device etc. when selecting radio frequency multidiameter option switch device, the more important thing is the bandwidth that needs to consider selector switch, in conjunction with the characteristics of HFC inverse frequency spectrum, the bandwidth that needs switching device at least is more than 100MHz.One has 8 multi-channel analog radio frequency gating circuits in the MUX of present embodiment, each multi-channel analog radio frequency gating circuit has three kinds of external interfaces, a kind of is the RFIN interface, the return path signal of the hfc plant in the system just inserts these interfaces, another kind is the RFOUT interface, export signal mixing amplifying circuit by the selecteed return path signal of control signal to by this interface, also has a kind of S0 of being～S3 interface, we are called control interface, this interface is connected with the Q0～Q7 of gating circuit, receives the selection signal of sending here from gating circuit.Here we have selected video buffer switch MAX4221 chip as the radio frequency multidiameter option switch, the reason of selecting for use is that this chip belt wide region reaches 300MHz, satisfy the requirement of our 100MHz bandwidth range, flatness in frequency range has reached ± 0.5dB simultaneously, and decay also has only 0.5dB in the frequency range, can reach the requirement of system of the present invention.
Figure 12 is the circuit theory of signal mixing amplifying circuit, it is connected to described multi-channel analog radio frequency gating circuit and described system radio frequency light return path respectively, be used for selected signal is carried out certain level adjustment, to satisfy of the requirement of radio frequency light return path for input signal.Signal mixing amplifying circuit mixes access passback amplification module with the RFOUT mouth of 8 multi-channel analog radio frequency gating circuits, the passback amplification module is amplified to signal and satisfies radio frequency light return path signal input requirement, exports radio frequency light return path to from the RFOUT mouth then.Here mixing module can use blender special-purpose in the two-way hfc plant of cable TV, and the passback amplification module can use passback amplification module special-purpose in the two-way hfc plant of cable TV.
Figure 13 shows the complete circuit theory diagrams of MUX, wherein 1 is the circuit theory of MUX main control circuit part, the 2nd, MUX IP communication interface partial circuit principle, the 3rd, MUX gating circuit partial circuit principle, the 4th, MUX multi-channel analog radio frequency gating circuit partial circuit principle, the 5th, the MUX signal mixes amplification circuits circuit theory, the 6th, MUX ± 5V power circuit principle, the 7th, MUX+24V power circuit principle.
Two. the software architecture of system of the present invention
(1) front-end control software
Front-end control software mainly is divided into the two large divisions: data base administration and system operation.
(1) data base administration:
The data base administration part mainly is the maintenance at database information.Mainly comprise maintenance of information basic operations such as query note, amendment record, interpolation record and deletion record and all browse with fuzzy query and browse two kinds of information inquiry modes.This program is a kind of comparatively general program.
(2) system operation:
4 basic operational functions have been designed in the present embodiment: poll, gating, turn-off and restart.
After the system start-up, main program at first carries out initialization operation, and program can be loaded into all records of database in the browsing data interface in advance then.At this moment, program was set up with being connected of database, and system begins to enter the commencement of commercial operation stage.After a selected execution of function, program can be automatically be provided with the function corresponding operation code according to the agreement regulation, framing then, and communication, after communication finished, the parameter reset that Automatic Program will be referred to operate carried out next one and operates.
A) polling protocol is handled
Be polled as the basic function of native system.Polling operation adopts the timer triggering mode regularly to initiate a polling operation by front end in program, behind each end of polling(EOP) database pointer is shifted to next record, for next poll is got ready.
B) gating protocol operation
Be gated for the critical function of native system.By the interface operation initiation, the ray machine of gating is the ray machine that current operation is chosen by manually in the gating operation in program, must earlier the poll timer cut out before each gating, in order to avoid the agreement confusion occurs.
C) turn-off protocol operation
Turn-offing also is a basic function of native system, its at be whole MUX.Turn-off operation equally by manually initiating by interface operation in program, the MUX of shutoff is the equipment that current operation is chosen, and must the poll timer cut out elder generation equally before each the shutoff, in order to avoid the agreement confusion occurs.
D) reboot operation
Restarting operation is when occurring uncertain mistake for the MUX that prevents to be arranged on far-end in running, to control it by front-end control device and restart, and can normally move with the assurance system.By the interface operation initiation, front-end software sends the instruction of restarting framing to reboot operation by manually, must earlier the poll timer cut out equally before restarting, in order to avoid the agreement confusion occurs at every turn.MUX receives all registers of initialization after the instruction of restarting, and code again from the beginning executes instruction.
Figure 14 is the global procedures flow chart of front-end control software.
(2) MUX software
The MUX software section mainly is to handle at the information frame that front end sends over, realize the control of single-chip microcomputer to hardware circuit, its software architecture mainly sends subprogram, CRC check subprogram, protocol processes subprogram and gating control subprogram by single-chip microcomputer main program, Data Receiving interruption subroutine, data and forms.
At first carry out initial work after the start of MUX program, mainly comprise the zero clearing to one-chip machine port, the setting of serial ports interruption and the initialization of flag bit etc.Main program carries out CRC check earlier after receiving frame data by the reception interrupt routine, verification succeeds then enters protocol process module, judges whether to carry out the peripheral circuit operation according to agreement, sends echo message at last to front end, and the expression operation is finished.
Figure 15 is the global procedures flow chart of MUX.
In the MUX software architecture, main program is mainly finished initialization and is waited for the work of receiving data frames.Complete effectively in order to guarantee the communication data between front-end control device and MUX, the structure of communications data frame that we are self-defined:
Information frame structure between fore device and the MUX has 7 bytes and forms:
| A5H | FF H | The action type sign | Parameter information (1) | Parameter information (2) | The CRC check code | The CRC check code |
The 1st byte is A5H, as the frame head distinguishing mark;
The 2nd byte is FFH, as frame head aid identification sign;
The 3rd byte is the action type flag byte, represents which kind of operation with the expression current data frame, is defined as follows:
| Action type | Action type sign assignment |
| Poll | 01H |
| Gating | 02H |
| Turn-off | FFH |
| Restart | 03H |
4th, 5 bytes are parameter information, and when poll, shutoff and reboot operation, we have only defined the 4th byte, and the 5th byte is filled from employing 0, and the 4th byte is the MUX address code information, is defined as follows:
High 5: the branch center numbering; Low 3: subordinate's MUX numbering in branch center by such definition, can guarantee that each MUX has unique geocoding.
When carrying out the gating operation, we have used 4,5 two bytes as parameter information, and the definition of the 4th byte is the same with poll, shutoff and reboot operation, as the address code information of MUX, the 5th byte is defined as follows as the data message of gating operation:
High 4: the gating circuit geocoding; Low 4: multi-channel analog radio frequency gating circuit geocoding.When the main program initialization, all director datas that we need use during with gating are compiled into tables of data, are stored in the designated memory cell of single-chip microcomputer.When needs carried out gating, we at first passed through the address code information of high 4 acquisition gating circuit director datas of information frame the 5th byte, the back is read in instruction send by single-chip microcomputer P2 data port; By low 4 address code information that obtain multi-channel analog radio frequency gating circuit director data of information frame the 5th byte, the back is read in instruction send then by single-chip microcomputer P1 data port.
The 5th byte is the high eight-bit of CRC check sign indicating number;
The 6th byte is low eight of CRC check sign indicating number.
We have adopted the CRC-CCITT check polynomial to carry out CRC check, and are correct and complete to guarantee that data transmit, and then resend if verification is unsuccessful.
Figure 16 represents system of the present invention control command protocol processes process.
Data send interruption subroutine and Data Receiving subprogram and CRC check subprogram and have then used general program and algorithm.
The protocol processes subprogram is the core subprogram in the whole MUX software architecture, and it mainly finishes the parsing of the action type sign that the PC front end is sent, and commander's MUX is finished the corresponding instruction operation.The value that protocol handling program can be composed according to action type flag byte in the information frame cooperates front end to finish polling operation at MUX; To specifying the gating operation of a certain passage that MUX is had jurisdiction over; The whole shutoff of MUX operated; The reboot operation of single MUX etc.If increase other function later on, can also proceed definition to the action type flag byte as required.Figure 17 is the protocol processes subroutine flow chart.
The gating control subprogram is to cooperate the protocol processes subprogram to finish the gating operation and a subprogram of definition, when action type is masked as 02H, explanation will be carried out the gating operation, the gating operation is general to divide for three steps carried out, at first close all return path signals, then according to Frame the 5th byte high 4 in the director data table sense order select the gating circuit that needs in P2 mouth output; At last according to Frame the 5th byte low 4 in the director data table sense order in the multi-channel analog radio frequency gating circuit of appointment, select the road return path signal that needs in the output of P0 mouth.Figure 18 is a gating control subprogram flow chart.
By such cover hardware system and join with corresponding software and carry out a series of operation, we just can be implemented in the arbitrary return path of platform center Remote Selection, obtain the purpose of return path signal frequency spectrum.
Claims (13)
1. two-way hfc plant multi-route radio frequency remote back transmission signal monitoring system of cable TV, this system is mainly used in the spectrum monitoring of the two-way HFC transmission network of cable TV backward channel, it is characterized in that: described system comprises:
(a) front-end control device, place the cable TV station center, be used to provide user interface, the instruction of initiation system poll, specific return path signal is carried out long-rangely choosing and turn-offing, simultaneously front-end control device is also carried out from testing apparatus and is obtained frequency spectrum data after sending long-range choosing, and can carry out long-rangely restarting to the far-end MUX, also can carry out system database and safeguard, and it is carried out data processing;
(b) MUX, place cable TV station center or branch center, be connected to described front-end control device by data network is long-range, by operating with the self-defining Handshake Protocol of described front-end control device, carry out the poll described in (a) that described front-end control device sends, choose, shutoff and instruction of restarting, by certain selection strategy, will choose and turn-off control signal and be sent to gating circuit, reach the purpose of choosing one road back transmission signal monitoring;
(c) communication channel links to each other with described MUX with described front-end control device respectively, and communicating by letter with described MUX for described front-end control device provides communication channel;
(d) radio frequency light return path, be connected to described MUX, be used for the return path signal of gating is passed to the platform center in the mode of light, zero gain is realized in the whole piece radio-frequency channel that comprises described MUX and radio frequency light return path, makes design and attendant can obtain the return path signal of oneself needs in real time in the platform central machine room;
(e) opto-electronic conversion output device is connected to described radio frequency light return path, is used for the signal of this radio frequency light return path is sent into testing apparatus;
(f) testing apparatus is connected to described opto-electronic conversion output device, is used for the RF return signal of described opto-electronic conversion output device output is carried out the frequency spectrum collection, and is converted to and sends described front-end control device to after the frequency spectrum data information and analyze;
(g) data-transmission channel is connected to described testing apparatus and described front-end control device respectively, provides data channel for the frequency spectrum data between described testing apparatus and the described front-end control device transmits.
2. the two-way hfc plant multi-route radio frequency remote back transmission signal monitoring system of cable TV according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described MUX comprises:
Power module is used for providing power supply to the equipment each several part;
The IP communication interface, the one end connects described communication channel, and the other end connects governor circuit, is used for the online IP packet of common data is converted to equipment identifiable information frame;
Governor circuit, its input links to each other with described IP communication interface, output is connected to gating circuit, this governor circuit by the CPU control chip as core devices, wherein, described CPU is programmed, and CPU carries out verification, analysis, judgement and reorganization to the information frame that is sended over by described front-end control device, forms control command and exports gating circuit to;
Gating circuit, its input links to each other with described governor circuit, and output is connected to multi-channel analog radio frequency gating circuit, is used to carry out the control command that governor circuit sends;
Multi-channel analog radio frequency gating circuit, its input links to each other with described gating circuit, and output is connected to signal mixing amplifying circuit, is used for returning the monitoring number of delivering a letter passage according to described gating circuit control signal gating one tunnel;
Signal mixing amplifying circuit, its input links to each other with described multi-channel analog radio frequency gating circuit, output is connected to described radio frequency light return path, is used for selected signal is carried out certain level adjustment, to satisfy the requirement of radio frequency light return path for input signal.
3. the two-way hfc plant multi-route radio frequency remote back transmission signal monitoring system of cable TV according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described front-end control device can be that known personal computer constitutes, this known personal computer has data storage capacities and at least one Ethernet interface, its CPU should reach Pentium III more than 233, and PC should be installed windows2000 operating system and OFFICE2000 software.
4. the two-way hfc plant multi-route radio frequency remote back transmission signal monitoring system of cable TV according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described communication channel is public IP data network.
5. the two-way hfc plant multi-route radio frequency remote back transmission signal monitoring system of cable TV according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described radio frequency light return path generally is made up of special-purpose cable TV back transmission signal electric light conversion equipment and fibre circuit.
6. the two-way hfc plant multi-route radio frequency remote back transmission signal monitoring system of cable TV according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described opto-electronic conversion output device can be made up of two-way hfc plant passback optical receiver.
7. the two-way hfc plant multi-route radio frequency remote back transmission signal monitoring system of cable TV according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described testing apparatus can be made up of the passback spectrum monitoring equipment with digitized processing and data output function.
8. the two-way hfc plant multi-route radio frequency remote back transmission signal monitoring system of cable TV according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described data-transmission channel can be provided by internal lan.
9. the two-way hfc plant multi-route radio frequency remote back transmission signal monitoring system of cable TV according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: described IP communication interface mainly is made up of IP/ serial conversion module and serial level converter two parts, the IP port of IP/ serial conversion module is connected with the external IP public data network, and the TX of serial data by IP/ serial conversion module is connected with T10 with the R1I of serial level converter respectively with the RX interface, the signal of reception and transmission ± 12V, R10 is connected with TX with the RX of described governor circuit with T1I, the signal of reception and transmission ± 5V.
10. the two-way hfc plant multi-route radio frequency remote back transmission signal monitoring system of cable TV according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: described governor circuit control chip is 8051 singlechip chips, its RX is connected with T1I with the R10 of TX pin with the serial level converter of communication interface circuit, receives and send serial data; P0.0～P0.7 data wire is connected with the D0～D7 mouth of described gating circuit latch, be used to send the gating director data, P2.0～P2.7 data wire is connected with the interface that latchs of latch in the described gating circuit respectively, is used with P0.0～P0.7 interface to reach the gating purpose.
11. the two-way hfc plant multi-route radio frequency remote back transmission signal monitoring system of cable TV according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: the Q0 of described gating circuit latch～Q7 mouth is connected to the control interface of described multi-channel analog radio frequency gating circuit, the gating instruction is delivered to described multi-channel analog radio frequency gating circuit by these oral instructions, so that control the state of each radio-frequency (RF) switch.
12. the two-way hfc plant multi-route radio frequency remote back transmission signal monitoring system of cable TV according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: described multi-channel analog radio frequency gating circuit is provided with three kinds of external interfaces, a kind of is the RFIN interface, the return path signal of the hfc plant in the system just inserts these interfaces, another kind is the RFOUT interface, export described signal mixing amplifying circuit by the selecteed return path signal of control signal to by this interface, also has a kind of S0 of being～S3 interface, this interface is connected with the Q0～Q7 of described gating circuit latch, receives the selection signal of sending here from described gating circuit.
13. the two-way hfc plant multi-route radio frequency remote back transmission signal monitoring system of cable TV according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: described signal mixing amplifying circuit mixes access passback amplification module with the RFOUT mouth of described multi-channel analog radio frequency gating circuit, the passback amplification module is amplified to signal and satisfies radio frequency light return path signal input requirement, exports radio frequency light return path to from the RFOUT mouth then.
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| US9432206B2 (en) | 2010-02-05 | 2016-08-30 | Exfo Inc. | Testing network communications links |
| CN108832959B (en) * | 2018-08-29 | 2024-02-13 | Oppo（重庆）智能科技有限公司 | Radio frequency front end module and electronic device |
| CN112887174B (en) * | 2021-03-01 | 2022-03-08 | 中广(绍兴)有线信息网络有限公司 | Sub-front-end cable television optical signal itinerant monitoring and alarming method and system |
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| US5625863A (en) * | 1989-04-28 | 1997-04-29 | Videocom, Inc. | Video distribution system using in-wall wiring |
| JP2000224572A (en) * | 1999-02-04 | 2000-08-11 | Hitachi Ltd | Television receiver with monitor function |
| US6305021B1 (en) * | 1997-03-07 | 2001-10-16 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. | Analog/digital cable TV capable of performing bidirectional communication |
| CN1735218A (en) * | 2004-08-11 | 2006-02-15 | 深圳市劲成宽频技术有限公司 | Signal test analysis system for CATV optical fibre coaxial cable mixing network |
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Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5625863A (en) * | 1989-04-28 | 1997-04-29 | Videocom, Inc. | Video distribution system using in-wall wiring |
| US6305021B1 (en) * | 1997-03-07 | 2001-10-16 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. | Analog/digital cable TV capable of performing bidirectional communication |
| JP2000224572A (en) * | 1999-02-04 | 2000-08-11 | Hitachi Ltd | Television receiver with monitor function |
| CN1735218A (en) * | 2004-08-11 | 2006-02-15 | 深圳市劲成宽频技术有限公司 | Signal test analysis system for CATV optical fibre coaxial cable mixing network |
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