CN100395926C - Cascade optical parameter oscillating laser - Google Patents

Cascade optical parameter oscillating laser Download PDF

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CN100395926C
CN100395926C CNB200610112765XA CN200610112765A CN100395926C CN 100395926 C CN100395926 C CN 100395926C CN B200610112765X A CNB200610112765X A CN B200610112765XA CN 200610112765 A CN200610112765 A CN 200610112765A CN 100395926 C CN100395926 C CN 100395926C
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laser
optical parameter
degeneracy
chamber
parameter oscillating
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CN1937334A (en
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巩马理
何发红
黄磊
柳强
陆丹
闫平
陈刚
张海涛
李晨
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Tsinghua University
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Abstract

In order to overcome disadvantages of high cost and complex structure existed in laser device in high power and long wavelength, the invention discloses new type structured cascading optical parametric oscillation laser device (OPOLD) in high average power. Using polarized beam splitter component couples a sect of resonant cavity to annular cavity. 90 degrees polarization rotator is placed in the annular cavity to constitute circulated resonant cavity of polarized light. Laser in cavity can realize polarization state circulated resonant of polarized light in two frequencies or near degeneracy. First stage OPOLD and second stage OPOLD are placed at suitable positions in optical path of the resonant cavity. First stage OPOLD outputs degenerate or near degenerate laser pumps second stage OPOLD to output laser in long wavelength. Features are: simple structure, low cost, and high utilization efficiency.

Description

A kind of cascade optical parameter oscillating laser
Technical field
The invention belongs to the laser technique field, particularly the chamber type design of optical parameter oscillating laser (Optical Parametric Oscillator is called for short OPO).
Background technology
In infrared long wavelength laser be research focus.Wherein a kind of method of long wavelength laser that realizes is to use the laser pumping first order OPO about 1 micron to produce about 2 microns frequency degeneracy laser, and then with about 2 microns degeneracy laser pumping second level OPO, infrared long wavelength laser (sees J.A.C.Terry for details in the generation, K.J.McEwan, and M.J.P.Payne, " A tandem OPO route to the mid-IR; " in Advanced Solid State Lasers, W.R.Bosenberg and M.M.Fejer, eds., Vol.19 of USA Trends in Optics and Photonics Series (OSA, 1998) pp.236-239).For obtain high-average power in infrared output, need obtain 2 microns laser of high-average power, so the nonlinear crystal of first order OPO need have high damage threshold.Potassium titanium oxide phosphate (KTiOPO 4, be called for short KTP) and its be a kind of nonlinear crystal that can realize that preferably 2 microns degeneracys are exported with crystalloid, have the bigger angle of accepting, can realize high conversion rate, have high damage threshold.Germanium zinc phosphide (ZnGeP 2, being called for short ZGP) and crystal is a kind of outstanding nonlinear crystal that can the output high-power mid-infrared laser.In order to realize high efficiency output, ktp crystal must be selected II class phase matched, and the degeneracy laser of generation is not degeneracy of frequency degeneracy but polarization direction, and the pump light of ZGP crystal must be a linear polarization, has brought difficulty to application like this.Usually the degeneracy laser beam split of first order OPO, produce two bunch polarised lights, respectively the second level OPO of two ZGP crystal of pumping.Document " Cheung, E., et al.High power optical parametric oscillator source.2000.Big Sky, MT, USA:IEEE " promptly adopts this kind method.This kind mode needs two ZGP crystal, and the ZGP crystal is expensive crystal, has therefore improved cost greatly, may also will close light to mid-infrared laser according to application need at last, has increased the complexity of device.In document " Norman Hodgson; Horst weber; " Laser Resonators and Beam Propagation "; Springer; 2005 ", the author mentions a simple and easy Faraday rotator that constitutes by a polarization spectro element and 1/2 wavelength wave plate, can carry out the polarization rotation to the laser of cross-polarization.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome shortcoming such as the too high and complex structure of aforementioned means cost, make full use of the light of two kinds of polarizations, the present invention is on the basis of the simple and easy Faraday rotator that document " Norman Hodgson; Horst weber; " Laser Resonators and Beam Propagation "; Springer; 2005 " is mentioned, a kind of novel cascade optical parameter oscillating laser has been proposed, described cascade optical parameter oscillating laser comprises first order optical parameter oscillating laser, second level optical parameter oscillating laser and polarised light cyclic resonance chamber;
Described polarised light cyclic resonance chamber comprises first resonant cavity and an annular chamber; The common elements of described first resonant cavity and annular chamber is the polarization spectro element, and it is positioned at the tie-point of described first resonant cavity and annular chamber; Described first order optical parameter oscillating laser is an II class phase matched, and the phase-matching condition of exporting according to frequency degeneracy or nearly degeneracy laser is arranged on the light path of described first resonant cavity; Short wavelength's pump light is input to first resonant cavity with the described first order optical parameter oscillating laser of pumping, described first order optical parameter oscillating laser produces that wavelength is equal or close, the orthogonal flashlight in polarization direction and two kinds of parameteric lights of ideler frequency light, i.e. degeneracy or closely degeneracy laser;
Described polarization spectro element is high saturating to a kind of polarised light in described degeneracy in described first resonant cavity or the nearly degeneracy laser, another kind of polarised light is high anti-, makes described degeneracy or nearly degeneracy laser advance along two opposite directions of annular chamber respectively after the beam split when described annular chamber is propagated of described first resonant cavity becomes two bundle polarised lights; Be provided with a plurality of chambeies mirror and 90 degree polarization rotators that are used for realizing described two bundle polarised light polarization directions exchanges in the described annular chamber;
Second level optical parameter oscillating laser is located in the annular chamber in described polarised light cyclic resonance chamber; When described degeneracy or nearly degeneracy laser process annular chamber second level optical parameter oscillating laser is carried out both-end pumping, produce long wavelength laser output.
In the present invention, an end of described first resonant cavity is provided with the first chamber mirror, the high-reflecting film of described first cavity mirror plating degeneracy or nearly degeneracy laser.
In the present invention, described first order optical parameter oscillating laser comprises first order optical parameter oscillating laser chamber mirror, first nonlinear crystal and the first chamber mirror shared with described polarised light cyclic resonance chamber; First order optical parameter oscillating laser chamber mirror is arranged on the light path between described first chamber mirror and the polarization spectro element, and first nonlinear crystal is arranged on the light path between described first chamber mirror and the first order optical parameter oscillating laser chamber mirror.
In one aspect of the invention, described first order optical parameter oscillating laser cavity mirror plating has the high anti-or high saturating film of described short wavelength's pump light.
In another aspect of the present invention, described first order optical parameter oscillating laser cavity mirror plating has described degeneracy or nearly degeneracy laser is thoroughly high or the film of partial reflection.
In the present invention, second level optical parameter oscillating laser comprises left chamber mirror, right chamber mirror, and is located at second nonlinear crystal on the light path between left chamber mirror and the right chamber mirror.
In one aspect of the invention, one of described left chamber mirror and right chamber mirror are arranged on the light path extended line outside the described annular chamber chamber.
In another aspect of the present invention, described left chamber mirror and right chamber mirror are arranged on the light path extended line outside the described annular chamber chamber simultaneously.
In the present invention, described 90 degree polarization rotators are 1/2 wavelength wave plate of described degeneracy or nearly degeneracy laser.
In the present invention, described polarization spectro element is the polarizer of described degeneracy or nearly degeneracy laser.
The present invention can utilize polarization degeneracy laser to generate long wavelength laser output fully, has characteristics such as simple in structure, the low and utilization ratio height of cost.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is first embodiment schematic diagram of cascade optical parameter oscillating laser of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is second embodiment schematic diagram of cascade optical parameter oscillating laser of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the 3rd an embodiment schematic diagram of cascade optical parameter oscillating laser of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is the 4th an embodiment schematic diagram of cascade optical parameter oscillating laser of the present invention.
Embodiment
Further specify the present invention below in conjunction with drawings and Examples.
First embodiment of cascade OPO of the present invention,, as shown in Figure 1, comprise first order OPO, second level OPO and polarised light cyclic resonance chamber.Element in above-mentioned three parts has shared phenomenon.First order OPO is degeneracy or the output of nearly degeneracy laser, and second level OPO is common OPO output (but degeneracy also can nondegenerate).Polarised light cyclic resonance chamber is made up of first resonant cavity and an annular chamber.The polarization spectro element 1 and the first chamber mirror 3 are formed first resonant cavity; Polarization spectro element 1, the first speculum 4 and second speculum 5 have been formed triangular ring cavity, and three elements are positioned at the place, three summits of triangular ring cavity.Polarization spectro element 1 is the common elements of described first resonant cavity and annular chamber, the angle of its placement makes that a kind of polarised light of degeneracy in described first resonant cavity or nearly degeneracy laser 13 is high saturating, and another kind of polarised light is high anti-, and advances along two opposite directions of annular chamber respectively after making described two kinds of linearly polarized light beam split become two bundle polarised lights.90 degree polarization rotators 2 are located in the light path of described annular chamber, are used for realizing that the polarization direction of described two bundle polarised lights exchanges.
First order OPO comprises first order OPO chamber mirror 7, first nonlinear crystal 8 and the first chamber mirror 3 shared with described polarised light cyclic resonance chamber; First order OPO chamber mirror 7 is arranged on the light path between described first chamber mirror 3 and the polarization spectro element 1, first nonlinear crystal 8 (as KTP etc.) is an II class phase matched, is arranged on the light path between described first chamber mirror 3 and the first order optical parameter oscillating laser chamber mirror 7 according to the phase-matching condition of frequency degeneracy laser output.
Second level OPO is located in the annular chamber in described polarised light cyclic resonance chamber, comprises left chamber mirror 6, right chamber mirror 10 and second nonlinear crystal 9; Second nonlinear crystal 9 (as crystal such as ZGP) is located on the light path between left chamber mirror 6 and the right chamber mirror 10.
Left side chamber mirror 6 and right chamber mirror 10 have been formed the resonant cavity of second nonlinear crystal 9, select left chamber mirror 6 and right chamber mirror 10 one of them chamber mirror as outgoing mirror, and outgoing mirror is anti-to long wavelength laser 14 parts that second nonlinear crystal 9 produces, and another one chamber mirror is then high anti-.Selected right chamber mirror 10 as outgoing mirror among Fig. 1.
Briefly introduce the course of work of the foregoing description below.In the optical parameter process, import a pump light λ p, export two parameteric lights: flashlight λ sWith ideler frequency light λ i
1 λ p = 1 λ s + 1 λ i
This equation expression the conservation of energy in the parametric process.If the flashlight λ of output sWith ideler frequency light λ iBoth wavelength equate, just are called degeneracy light, if difference of them is very little, just are called nearly degeneracy light.
n p λ p = n s λ s + n i λ i
This equation expression the conservation of momentum in the parametric process, n p, n sAnd n iBe respectively pump light λ p, flashlight λ sWith ideler frequency light λ iRefractive index in the nonlinear crystal in OPO.Have only when the condition of above-mentioned two formula representative is coincide, the optical parameter process just takes place.In order to satisfy this condition, pump light λ pMust go into to inject nonlinear crystal according to specific angle, and nonlinear crystal also must operate at (because crystal refractive index varies with temperature) under the specific temperature conditions, this condition is called phase-matching condition.If certain specific phase-matching condition can make flashlight λ sWith ideler frequency light λ iBoth wavelength equate or are close, just can obtain the output of degeneracy or nearly degeneracy light.For different nonlinear crystals, the condition difference of its output degeneracy or nearly degeneracy light.Pump light λ pWith flashlight λ s, ideler frequency light λ iAll different I class phase matched, the pump light λ of being called of polarization mode pPolarization mode and flashlight λ s, ideler frequency light λ iBoth one of them identical II class phase matched that are called.
Described first order OPO is an II class phase matched, and outside short wavelength's pump light 12 is input to first resonant cavity with the described first order OPO of pumping.Described first order OPO produces flashlight and ideler frequency light, and described flashlight and ideler frequency light two bundle parameteric light wavelength equate or be close that the polarization direction is vertical, is called degeneracy or nearly degeneracy laser 13; When this degeneracy or nearly degeneracy laser 13 pass through polarization spectro element 1, be divided into two bundles, a branch of polarised light does not change the direction of propagation, advances along a limit of triangular ring cavity, and a branch of in addition polarised light changes direction, advances along an other limit of triangular ring cavity.90 degree polarization rotators 2 are the engagement point of two-beam in annular chamber, every Shu Jiguang is after passing 90 degree polarization rotators 2, the direction that change of polarized direction becomes and other beam of laser is original is the same, to advance in the other direction along the light path that other beam of laser had before been passed through simultaneously, so two kinds of polarised lights is the same through the path, all pass through polarization spectro element 1 at last again and return first order OPO, participate in the optical parameter effect, polarised light has so far been finished a polarization circulation.Such structure has formed a single polarised light in annular chamber, second level OPO is equivalent to two end faces by the while pumping in annular chamber, produces long wavelength laser 14, and long wavelength laser 14 is exported by wherein eyeglass of triangular ring cavity the most at last.90 degree polarization rotators 2 be placed on long wavelength laser 14 in the annular chamber without light path on, to reduce loss.When 7 pairs of degeneracys of first order OPO chamber mirror or nearly degeneracy laser 13 high when saturating, degeneracy or nearly degeneracy laser 13 is big resonance of inner formation in whole polarised light cyclic resonance chamber, be equivalent to first order OPO and second level OPO and formed an inner-cavity structure, second level OPO is in the chamber of first order OPO; When 7 pairs of degeneracy laser part inverse time of first order OPO chamber mirror, degeneracy or nearly degeneracy laser 13 also move in polarised light cyclic resonance chamber at the resonant cavity interior resonance of first order OPO, are equivalent to first order OPO and second level OPO and have formed a Compound Cavity structure.Generally speaking, first order OPO chamber mirror 7 is preferably degeneracy or nearly degeneracy laser 13 high saturating.7 pairs of short wavelength's pump lights of first order OPO chamber mirror 12 are high anti-and high saturating, two kinds of pump modes of corresponding round trip pumping and one way pumping.The high-reflecting film of the first chamber mirror, 3 plating degeneracys or nearly degeneracy laser 13.The long wavelength laser that second level OPO produces is exported from annular chamber, and the annular chamber chamber mirror that plays output action is high saturating to the long wavelength laser 14 that second level OPO produces, as first speculum 4 among Fig. 1.
Second embodiment of cascade OPO of the present invention, as shown in Figure 2, the left chamber mirror 6 of second level OPO is put into outside the annular chamber, near second speculum 5, on the extended line of light path outside the chamber between first speculum 4 and second speculum 5; Right chamber mirror 10 also is put into outside the annular chamber, and near first speculum 4, on the extended line of light path outside the chamber between first speculum 4 and second speculum 5, the high transmittance film of first speculum 4 and second speculum, 5 plating long wavelength lasers 14 is to reduce loss.
The 3rd embodiment of cascade OPO of the present invention, as shown in Figure 3.A left side chamber mirror 6 and right chamber mirror 10 also can select wherein one to be placed on outside the annular chamber, have selected right chamber mirror 10 to be placed on outside the annular chamber among the figure, on the extended line of light path outside the chamber between the polarization spectro element 1 and first speculum 4.Second level OPO can be placed in any a section of annular chamber, in embodiment 1 and embodiment 2, be placed on the light path between first speculum 4 and second speculum 5, in embodiment 3, then be placed on the light path between the polarization spectro element 1 and first speculum 4.
The annular chamber part can comprise a plurality of speculums, and its shape is triangle not necessarily, also can be various polygons such as parallelogram.But the chamber mirror of forming annular chamber is many more, and then loss is big more.The 4th embodiment of cascade OPO, as shown in Figure 4, annular chamber is a parallelogram, has increased by the 3rd speculum 11.In the annular chamber light path, also can use prism to replace speculum, finish the function of folded optical path.
The element of polarization spectro described in the literary composition 1 can be a polarizer, also can be Glan prism etc. other can finish the polarizer of polarized light beam splitting.Can put into not the optical element of polarisation-affecting in the light path regulates as light path.90 degree polarization rotators 2 can be 1/2 wavelength wave plates of degeneracy or nearly degeneracy laser 13, and its optical axis becomes miter angle with two polarization directions of degeneracy or nearly degeneracy laser 13.90 degree polarization rotators 2 also can be other polarization rotation elements.
The most typical application of the present invention be in cascaded infrared OPO, pump light is the laser of 1064nm, first order OPO is adopted as the nonlinear crystal of KTP class as nonlinear crystal, produce near degeneracy of 2128nm or nearly degeneracy laser, this degeneracy or nearly degeneracy laser pumping second level OPO, second level OPO adopts ZGP as nonlinear crystal, form efficiently 3~5 microns in infrared output.If adopt structure shown in Figure 1, then short wavelength's pump light 12 is the laser of 1064nm, first nonlinear crystal 8 is a ktp crystal, second nonlinear crystal 9 is the ZGP crystal, the wavelength of degeneracy or nearly degeneracy laser 13 is about 2128nm, in order to obtain near degeneracy or the nearly degeneracy laser the 2128nm, ktp crystal will satisfy degeneracy or nearly degenerate condition.In order to obtain greater efficiency, ktp crystal will adopt II class phase matched simultaneously.Wavelength and output light wavelength according to short wavelength's pump light 12, under the working temperature of 300K, two formula according to the foregoing conservation of momentum and the conservation of energy, and the refractive index expression formula of crystal itself, can calculate the angle of degeneracy light requirement, in ktp crystal main shaft xyz coordinate system, incident light is about degeneracy or 13 outputs of nearly degeneracy laser that 54 degree can obtain 2128nm with z axle clamp angle in the xz plane.For the ease of using, normally, make that short wavelength's pump light 12 of 1064nm can the normal incidence plane of crystal the plane cutting of crystal along vertical this direction.For different crystal, its degeneracy II class phase matched angle is different, but those skilled in the art can obtain angle value with aforesaid step according to known general knowledge and prior art.
The present invention is simple in structure, has made full use of the degeneracy or the nearly degeneracy laser of first order OPO output, does not have attachment devices such as long wave ankylose light, is a cascade OPO efficiently.

Claims (10)

1. cascade optical parameter oscillating laser, it is characterized in that: described cascade optical parameter oscillating laser comprises first order optical parameter oscillating laser, second level optical parameter oscillating laser and polarised light cyclic resonance chamber;
Described polarised light cyclic resonance chamber comprises first resonant cavity and an annular chamber; The common elements of described first resonant cavity and annular chamber is polarization spectro element (1), and it is positioned at the tie-point of described first resonant cavity and annular chamber; Described first order optical parameter oscillating laser is an II class phase matched, and the phase-matching condition of exporting according to frequency degeneracy or nearly degeneracy laser is arranged on the light path of described first resonant cavity; Short wavelength's pump light (12) is input to first resonant cavity with the described first order optical parameter oscillating laser of pumping, described first order optical parameter oscillating laser produces that wavelength is equal or close, the orthogonal flashlight in polarization direction and two kinds of parameteric lights of ideler frequency light, i.e. degeneracy or closely degeneracy laser (13);
Described polarization spectro element (1) is high saturating to a kind of polarised light in described degeneracy in described first resonant cavity or the nearly degeneracy laser (13), another kind of polarised light is high anti-, makes described degeneracy or nearly degeneracy laser (13) advance along two opposite directions of annular chamber respectively after the beam split when described annular chamber is propagated of described first resonant cavity becomes two bundle polarised lights; Be provided with a plurality of chambeies mirror and 90 degree polarization rotators (2) that are used for realizing described two bundle polarised light polarization directions exchanges in the described annular chamber;
Second level optical parameter oscillating laser is located in the annular chamber in described polarised light cyclic resonance chamber; When described degeneracy or nearly degeneracy laser (13) process annular chamber second level optical parameter oscillating laser is carried out both-end pumping, produce long wavelength laser (14) output.
2. cascade optical parameter oscillating laser according to claim 1 is characterized in that: an end of described first resonant cavity is provided with the first chamber mirror (3), the high-reflecting film of the described first chamber mirror (3) plating degeneracy or nearly degeneracy laser (13).
3. cascade optical parameter oscillating laser according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described first order optical parameter oscillating laser comprises first order optical parameter oscillating laser chamber mirror (7), first nonlinear crystal (8) and the first chamber mirror (3) shared with described polarised light cyclic resonance chamber; First order optical parameter oscillating laser chamber mirror (7) is arranged on the light path between described first chamber mirror (3) and the polarization spectro element (1), and first nonlinear crystal (8) is arranged on the light path between described first chamber mirror (3) and the first order optical parameter oscillating laser chamber mirror (7).
4. cascade optical parameter oscillating laser according to claim 3 is characterized in that: described first order optical parameter oscillating laser chamber mirror (7) is coated with the high anti-or high saturating film of described short wavelength's pump light (12).
5. cascade optical parameter oscillating laser according to claim 3 is characterized in that: described first order optical parameter oscillating laser chamber mirror (7) is coated with described degeneracy or nearly degeneracy laser (13) is thoroughly high or the film of partial reflection.
6. cascade optical parameter oscillating laser according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: second level optical parameter oscillating laser comprises left chamber mirror (6), right chamber mirror (10), and is located at second nonlinear crystal (9) on the light path between left chamber mirror (6) and the right chamber mirror (10).
7. cascade optical parameter oscillating laser according to claim 6 is characterized in that: one of described left chamber mirror (6) and right chamber mirror (10) are arranged on the light path extended line outside the described annular chamber chamber.
8. cascade optical parameter oscillating laser according to claim 6 is characterized in that: described left chamber mirror (6) and right chamber mirror (10) are arranged on the light path extended line outside the described annular chamber chamber simultaneously.
9. according to the described cascade optical parameter oscillating laser of arbitrary claim in the claim 1 to 8, it is characterized in that: described 90 degree polarization rotators (2) are 1/2 wavelength wave plate of described degeneracy or nearly degeneracy laser (13).
10. according to the described cascade optical parameter oscillating laser of arbitrary claim in the claim 1 to 8, it is characterized in that: described polarization spectro element (1) is the polarizer of described degeneracy or nearly degeneracy laser (13).
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CN105186273B (en) * 2015-09-16 2018-03-09 山东大学 A kind of double-end pumping optical parametric oscillator
CN107482433B (en) * 2017-09-12 2021-06-18 中国科学院电子学研究所 Optical parametric oscillator
CN108258575B (en) * 2017-12-30 2020-05-19 湖北航天技术研究院总体设计所 Long-wave infrared optical parametric oscillator with high conversion efficiency
CN109149346B (en) * 2018-08-30 2019-08-06 长春理工大学 A kind of more optical parametric oscillators realized Energy Reversal and change intracavitary regulation
CN112366504B (en) * 2020-11-18 2022-10-04 深圳大学 Radial polarized light parametric amplifier insensitive to polarization and amplification method
CN115566527A (en) * 2022-08-23 2023-01-03 江苏科技大学 Intermediate infrared high-order Poincare beam optical parametric oscillator

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