CN100394146C - Two-phase steam measurement system - Google Patents
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- CN100394146C CN100394146C CNB200480019274XA CN200480019274A CN100394146C CN 100394146 C CN100394146 C CN 100394146C CN B200480019274X A CNB200480019274X A CN B200480019274XA CN 200480019274 A CN200480019274 A CN 200480019274A CN 100394146 C CN100394146 C CN 100394146C
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Abstract
A steam measurement system includes a Coriolis flowmeter associated with a vibratable flowtube to receive a flow of wet steam. A first sensor is associated with the flowtube to relay information about a motion of the flowtube by way of a first sensor signal. A second sensor determines a property of the flow and relays the property by way of a second sensor signal. A computing device receives the first and second sensor signals and is configured to calculate a steam quality of the flow from the first and second sensor signals. The computing device also may calculate the total heat energy flow rate of the flow. Other implementations may include a full or partial separator to separate the flow of wet steam into a substantially gas flow and a substantially liquid flow and a second Coriolis meter.
Description
Technical field
This instructions relates to the measurement of two-phase steam.
Background technology
A lot of situations are arranged, and the various character of measuring saturated vapour are useful.A kind of such situation is from underground extraction crude oil.Heavy, tarry oil is in the underground geo-logical terrain in a large number.In order to extract this resource with commercial value, can produce wet saturated steam and (for example: pass through various transfer units at steam generator or other steam raising plant places such as flow line, concetrated pipe, valve, three-way pipe and accessory) deliver a vapor to flatly or how salty, tarry oil location (etc.) the injection well.Injecting Jing Chu, steam can be injected into and make crude oil thinning in the heavy-oil formation, and makes it to be convenient to be pumped into the face of land.
Summary of the invention
On the one hand, provide a kind of steam measurement system.Described steam measurement system comprises in order to receive the coriolis flowtube of wet steam flow.The volume density of described stream is determined based on the motion of described coriolis flowtube.Sensor is determined the character of described wet steam flow.Calculation element calculates the steam quality of described stream according to described volume density and described character.
The embodiment of this aspect can comprise one or more following features.For example, described character can be the temperature of described stream, and described sensor is a temperature sensor.Described temperature sensor can be connected to the outside of described flowtube, and perhaps described temperature sensor can be inserted in the described wet steam flow.Described character can be the pressure of described stream, and described sensor is a pressure transducer.
In order to calculate described steam quality, described calculation element can be in order to calculating the density of the vapour phase of described stream according to described character, and calculate the close degree of liquid phase of described stream according to described character.Described calculation element can comprise the memory storage of storing steam table, and in order to use described steam table to calculate described vapour phase density and calculate described density of liquid phase according to described character according to described character.Described calculation element can be with to use described volume density, described density of liquid phase and described density of gas phase by finding the solution the described steam quality of following Equation for Calculating about described steam quality x:
Described calculation element also can be in order to determining the bulk mass flow of described stream based on the motion of described coriolis flowtube, and can be in order to calculate the heat energy flow of described stream according to described steam quality and described bulk mass flow.In order to calculate described heat energy flow, described calculation element can be in order to calculating the vapour phase enthalpy of described stream according to described character, and the liquid phase enthalpy that calculates described stream according to described character.Described calculation element can be used to use described bulk mass flow m, described liquid phase enthalpy h
f, described gas phase enthalpy h
gAnd described steam quality x is by finding the solution about described heat energy flow H
TotalThe described heat energy flow of following Equation for Calculating:
H
total＝m·h
g·x+m·h
f·(1-x)。
Described calculation element can be coriolis flowmeter transmitter or flow computer.
Described steam measurement system also can comprise the steam generator that is used for producing described wet steam flow; Be used for described wet steam flow is transported to the transfer unit of described coriolis flowtube; And be connected in described coriolis flowtube to receive injection well from the described wet steam flow of described coriolis flowtube.
On the other hand, provide a kind of method, described method comprises the vibrating flow pipe that wet steam flow is passed link to each other with coriolis flowmeter, and wherein said coriolis flowmeter can be determined the described volume density of described wet steam flow; Obtain the temperature or the pressure of described wet steam flow; And according to the steam quality of described volume density and described temperature or the described stream of calculation of pressure.
The embodiment of this aspect can comprise one or more following features.For example, the step of calculating described steam quality can comprise the vapour phase density according to described temperature or the described stream of calculation of pressure; And according to the density of liquid phase of described temperature or the described stream of calculation of pressure.Described steam quality can be by finding the solution the following Equation for Calculating about described steam quality x:
Can calculate the described bulk mass flow of described stream, and according to the heat energy flow of described steam quality, described bulk mass flow and described temperature or the described stream of calculation of pressure.The step of calculating described heat energy flow can comprise the enthalpy according to the vapour phase of described temperature or the described stream of calculation of pressure; And according to the enthalpy of the liquid phase of described temperature or the described stream of calculation of pressure.Described heat energy flow H
TotalCan be by finding the solution following Equation for Calculating:
H
total＝m·h
g·x+m·h
f·(1-x)，
M is described bulk mass flow, h in the formula
fBe enthalpy, the h of described liquid phase
gBe the enthalpy of described gas phase, and x is described steam quality.
On the other hand, provide a kind of steam measurement system that comprises separation vessel.Described separation vessel is separated into the air-flow that is essentially gas with wet steam flow and is essentially the liquid stream of liquid.First coriolis flowtube receives described air-flow and the described volume density that is essentially the air-flow of gas that is essentially gas and calculates based on the motion of described first coriolis flowtube.Second coriolis flowtube receives described liquid stream and the described volume density that is essentially the liquid stream of liquid that is essentially liquid and determines based on the motion of described second coriolis flowtube.Sensor is surveyed described air-flow or described temperature or the pressure that is essentially the liquid stream of liquid that is essentially gas.Calculation element is in order to according to the described volume density that is essentially the air-flow of gas, the volume density of liquid stream that is essentially liquid and total steam quality of described temperature or the described wet steam flow of calculation of pressure.
The embodiment of this aspect can comprise one or more following features.For example, described sensor can be a temperature sensor.It is outside or be inserted into the air-flow that is essentially gas or be essentially in the liquid stream of liquid that described temperature sensor can be connected to described first or second coriolis flowtube.Described sensor can be a pressure transducer.
In order to calculate described steam quality, described calculation element is in order to utilize the described vapour phase density that is essentially the air-flow of gas of described temperature or calculation of pressure; The described density of liquid phase that is essentially the air-flow of gas; The described vapour phase density that is essentially the liquid stream of liquid; And the described density of liquid phase that is essentially the liquid stream of liquid.Described calculation element can comprise the memory storage of storing steam table and in order to use described steam table to calculate the described vapour phase density that is essentially the air-flow of gas; The described density of liquid phase that is essentially the air-flow of gas; The described vapour phase density that is essentially the liquid stream of liquid; And the described density of liquid phase that is essentially the liquid stream of liquid.
The described bulk mass flow that is essentially the air-flow of gas can be determined based on the movable information of described first coriolis flowtube, and the described bulk mass flow that is essentially the liquid stream of liquid can be determined based on the movable information of described second coriolis flowtube.Described calculation element can be in order to according to the bulk mass flow of described steam quality, the described liquid stream that is essentially liquid, the bulk mass flow of the described air-flow that is essentially gas and the heat energy flow of described temperature or the described stream of calculation of pressure.
In order to calculate described heat energy flow, described calculation element can be with to utilize the described vapour phase enthalpy that is essentially the air-flow of gas of described temperature or calculation of pressure; Calculate the described liquid phase enthalpy that is essentially the air-flow of gas; Calculate the described vapour phase enthalpy that is essentially the liquid stream of liquid; Calculate the described liquid phase enthalpy that is essentially the liquid stream of liquid.Described calculation element can be coriolis flowmeter transmitter or flow computer.
Described steam measurement system also can comprise the steam generator that produces described wet steam flow; Be used for described wet steam flow is transported to the transfer unit of described separation vessel; And be connected to described first and second coriolis flowtube to receive described air-flow and the described injection well that is essentially the liquid stream of liquid that is essentially gas from described first and second coriolis flowtube.
On the other hand, a kind of Coriolis transmitter of using with steam measurement system comprises the coriolis flowtube that receives wet steam flow; The first sensor that is associated with described flowtube is to transmit the information of relevant described flowtube motion by the mode of first sensor signal; And second sensor, be used for determining the character of described stream and transmit described character by the mode of second sensor signal.Described Coriolis transmitter comprises the treating apparatus that receives described first and second sensor signals.Described treating apparatus is in order to calculate the steam quality of described stream according to described first and second sensor signals.
The embodiment of this aspect can comprise one or more following features.For example, described treating apparatus also can be in order to calculate the heat energy flow of described stream according to described steam quality and described first and second sensor signals.In order to calculate described heat energy flow, described treating apparatus can be in order to calculate the enthalpy of the vapour phase of described stream according to described character, and calculate the enthalpy of the liquid phase of described stream, and according to the bulk mass flow of the described stream of described first sensor calculated signals according to described character.Described treating apparatus can be used to utilize described bulk mass flow m, described liquid phase enthalpy h
f, described gas phase enthalpy h
gAnd described steam quality x is by finding the solution about described heat energy flow H
TotalThe described heat energy flow of following Equation for Calculating:
H
total＝m·h
g·x+m·h
f·(1-x)。
Below, will and the details of setting forth one or more embodiments be described by accompanying drawing.By description, accompanying drawing and claim, other features will be apparent.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the block diagram at the two-phase steam measurement system that injects the Jing Chu use.
Fig. 2 is the chart of the temperature and pressure relation of diagram water.
Fig. 3 is the extracts of saturated-steam temperature table.
Fig. 4 is the block diagram of the coriolis meter that uses in steam measurement system.
Fig. 5 is the coriolis meter that uses in steam measurement system and the block diagram of temperature transmitter.
Fig. 6 is the coriolis meter that uses in steam measurement system and the block diagram of pressure unit.
Fig. 7 is a process flow diagram, has described the process that definite steam quality is measured.
Fig. 8 is a process flow diagram, has described the process that definite heat energy flow is measured.
Fig. 9 is the block diagram of the steam measurement system that is used in combination with gas/liquid separation.
Figure 10 is a process flow diagram, has described the process of considering dissolved solid when determining that steam quality is measured.
Embodiment
Fig. 1 comprises the steam generation of two-phase steam measurement system and the block diagram of injected system 100.System 100 comprises steam generator 120, the output of steam generator 120 is connected to each transfer unit 130 of respectively injecting well 160 and injects each meter that wells 160 are provided with together with corresponding transmitter 150 near each.Usually, feedwater 110 is imported in the steam generator 120, and this steam generator 120 will feed water and 110 be converted into steam.As flow line, manifold, valve and accessory, steam are transported to and respectively inject well 160 by transfer unit 130.Together with corresponding transmitter 150, meter is used to measure the character near the steam that injects Jing160Chu.
Fig. 2 is phase Figure 200, illustrates the two-phase character of pure material, is water in this case.As shown in Figure 2, the state characteristic of the temperature of water and/or pressure decision water.For example, water can be in compressed liquid state 210, but when increasing heat, and the temperature of compressed liquid rises up to its liquidus 211 that reaches capacity.If this under atmospheric pressure carries out, then temperature is 212 °F.Increase heat if under atmospheric pressure continue as water, then some liquid are converted into steam.For example, if thereby increasing enough heats is converted into steam with the liquid of half quality, and this steam is called as and has 50% quality so.When we continued as steam increase heat, all liquid was converted into steam at saturated air line 213 places.At this point, temperature still is 212 °F, and pressure still is an absolute atmosphere.If heat is further put on this steam, temperature and pressure will rise to superheated vapor state 214, and herein, temperature and pressure is independent of each other.
Therefore, term is wet/saturated vapour is a thermodynamic term, mean water neither overheated neither compressed liquid and be lower than the critical point of 705.5 and 3208psia (pound/square inch)." steam quality " of saturated vapour can from 0% to 100%, and be as mentioned below, and its temperature and pressure is to be mutually related in the two-phase region 212 of phase Figure 200.For example, 212 atmospheric pressure that depend on 14.7psia, and 327.8 °F depend on 100psia.Developed steam table to provide character (for example, the density of each phase and heat energy) to the saturated vapour under fixed temperature and the relevant pressure.
Fig. 3 is the extracts of saturated-steam temperature table.As just narrating, such form relates to the various character of closing with water under the various conditions.Specifically, the explanation of tables of Fig. 3 the various character of wet under all temps and pressure/saturated vapour.These character comprise enthalpy (that is term of the total energy content of expression wet steam, of composition of specific volume (specific volume is represented the space that the per unit mass material is shared, and is the mathematics inverse of density), the wet steam of the composition of wet steam; Energy and flow work in its expression, perhaps be included in total potential and kinetic energy in the material, and can be expressed as, for example, every pound of British thermal unit (quality), perhaps BTU/1bm) and the entropy of the composition of wet steam (in this case, expression is because the energy of the wet steam of the conveying possible loss of wet steam).
The wet steam of leaving generator 120 is called as and has specific " steam quality ", and it refers to the mass percent of the steam that is in vapour phase.For example, the wet steam of 80% steam can be described as and has 80% steam quality.The remainder of saturated vapour is in liquid phase, and it takes away dissolved solid, makes, for example, the heat exchanger tube of steam generator 120 can be coated with stain and lose efficacy.
As previously mentioned, this wetting/saturated vapour leaves steam generator 120 and flows through transfer unit 130 at it towards injecting on well 160 routes, as shown in Figure 1.These transfer units 130 may be positioned on the various landform stratum.For example, some transfer unit 130 may pass through hummock and have high sea level elevation, and other transfer units 130 may be positioned at the mountain valley and have low sea level elevation.When vapor stream separate, separately and in various configurations during by various transfer unit 130, liquid and steam identical ratio when always not remaining on and leaving generator 120 with it.As a result, arrive injecting the quality of the vapor stream of well 160 may be obviously different each other and be different from the quality of the steam when leaving steam generator, and may be in any some position in 0% to 100% scope.For example, use capacitance probe, spectacle plate and vibrating tube densimeter to attempt measuring this steam quality in the past, but the success that obtains is very limited always.
Understanding to steam quality different with the steam quality at generator 120 places, that inject Jing160Chu is very important to the operator who injects well 160.For example, the operator may wonder the steam quality of injecting Jing160Chu, because steam quality is often relevant with the commercial available oil amount that is extracted.Particularly, and when comprising more steam in the wet steam (, when steam quality is high), more energy can be imported into injects well 160.Therefore, the operator who injects well 160 can seek to optimize the vapor stream that well 160 is injected in input, so that extract the oil of maximum with the wet steam of the minimum of injecting well 160.
This optimizing process can comprise, for example, use traffic pipe 140 and corresponding transmitter 150 are surveyed the low steam quality of specific injection Jing Chu, and adjusts and the relevant mobile fault of transfer unit 130 (and/or steam generator 120) that is associated with this well.This optimizing process also can comprise, as another example, regulates each transfer unit 130 to guarantee that respectively injecting well 160 can not receive visibly different steam quality.
Flowtube 140 and corresponding transmitter 150 are respectively Coriolis (Coriolis) flowtube and Coriolis transmitter.Coriolis flowtube and Coriolis transmitter are generically and collectively referred to as coriolis flowmeter.Coriolis flowmeter is a kind of flowmeter, and herein, generally speaking flowmeter, can provide the information about the material of carrying by conduit or flowtube.For example, gravitometer or densitometer provide the density measurement of the material that flows through conduit.In addition, mass flowmeter provides the quality measured values of the material of carrying by conduit, for example, and by obtaining mass flow measurement according to previous density measurement and volume flow measurement value.Other mass flowmeters are the calculated mass flow directly.
Coriolis-type flowmeter systems is utilized Coriolis effect bulk density and mass rate, and wherein, the material of the rotary guide pipe of flowing through is influenced by Coriolis force to become the quality that moves radially and therefore stands acceleration.Many coriolis mass flowmeters system is by bringing out Coriolis force around the turning axle sine-wave oscillation conduit with the catheter length quadrature.In this mass flowmeter, the Coriolis reacting force that is stood by the fluid mass that moves is passed to conduit itself and shows as conduit deflection or skew along the Coriolis force vector direction in Plane of rotation.
Usually, term flowtube used herein is meant flowtube and any mechanical part that is associated, driver and sensor, and term " transmitter " is meant the electronic installation that is used for producing the drive signal of Control Flow pipe vibration and flows through the Substance Properties of flowtube based on the calculated signals that receives from sensor.In addition, the term coriolis flowmeter is often referred to the combination of flowtube and transmitter.
United States Patent (USP) 6,311,136 and United States Patent (USP) 6,507,791, by with reference to being incorporated into this, the use of digital flowmeter systems and correlation technique is disclosed.This digital flowmeter systems is very accurate in it is measured, and has few or insignificant noise, and the positive and negative gain of wide region can be provided at the drive circuit place that drives conduit.Therefore, this digital flowmeter systems is favourable in various configurations.For example, United States Patent (USP) 6,505,519 disclose the use of wide gain margin, and/or the use of negative gain, preventing to break down and to carry out the control of flowtube more accurately, even also be like this under the hard situation such as the two-phase flow of wet/saturated vapour.
Digital transmitter and the conduit that is associated with it or flowtube switching sensors and drive signal were so that not only detected the vibration of flowtube but also correspondingly driven the vibration of flowtube.By determining sensor and drive signal quickly and accurately, in the characteristic aspect of the flow of material of the mass rate of determining to comprise flow of material, digital transmitter can be guaranteed flowtube operation fast and accurately.Digital transmitter can utilize one or more, and for example processor, field-programmable formula gate array, ASIC, other FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) or gate array or the FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) that has a processor cores (processor core) realize.
Although digital flowmeter systems above has been discussed, it should be understood that also to have analog Coriolis flowmeter systems.Although this analogue flow rate meter systems has the exemplary shortcomings of mimic channel, for example, the low precision of comparing with digital flowmeter and high noisy are measured, they still can with various technology discussed here and embodiment compatibility.Therefore, term " flowtube ", " transmitter " and " flowmeter " should not be understood that to only limit to digital display circuit.
Fig. 4-6 shows various structures, and wherein, coriolis flowmeter and other sensors can be used to measure steam quality and/or other character of for example injecting near the wet steam of well.Usually, measure temperature or the pressure of the volume density of wet steam, can determine steam quality and other character of wet steam together with the measurement wet steam by using coriolis flowmeter.
Fig. 4 is a block diagram, illustrates the Coriolis flowmeter systems that is used for steam measurement system 400.System 400 comprises coriolis flowtube 410, and it receives wet steam from input transfer unit 420.After flowing through flowtube 410, wet steam is discharged by output transfer unit 430.When wet steam flow during through flowtube 410, carry out the various measurements of flowtube 410, make Coriolis transmitter (Coriolistransmitter) 440 can determine the volume density of wet steam.In addition, temperature sensor is associated with coriolis flowtube 410 and is connected in flowtube 410 to obtain indicating the flowtube temperature data of wet steam temperature.For example, Resistance Temperature Device (RTD) can be connected to flowtube 410 and be used to obtain flowtube temperature data.
Temperature sensor can be to be equipped on the sensor of coriolis flowtube 410 with the temperature variation of modified flow rate pipe 410.Particularly, in some coriolis flowmeter, temperature sensor links to each other with coriolis flowtube, because flowtube and/or the temperature that is transferred material for example can influence the rigidity of flowtube (and, thereby influence the resonance frequency of flowtube vibration, this can influence density and/or the mass flow measurement that obtains by flowmeter again).As selection, the temperature sensor that is connected to flowtube can be used for the temperature survey relevant with the measurement of wet steam character separately.
Fig. 5 is used for the coriolis flowtube 510 of steam measurement system 500 and the block diagram of temperature transmitter 550 independently.System 500 is similar to system 400, exception be, use independently temperature transmitter/sensor 550, perhaps as selecting, except with temperature sensor that coriolis flowtube 510 is associated, use independently temperature transmitter/sensor 550.Temperature transmitter 550 can comprise hot well or the hygrosensor that is inserted in the stream material (that is wet steam) itself.Temperature transmitter 550, if particularly before being placed into flow of material, be calibrated, the more accurate measurement that the wet steam temperature can be provided (especially, because it directly measures wet steam itself, rather than such as the temperature of determining wet steam among Fig. 4 like that based on the flowtube temperature of external sensor acquisition indirectly).
Fig. 6 is used for the coriolis flowtube 610 of steam measurement system 600 and the block diagram of pressure unit 650.Except working pressure transmitter/sensor 650 replaces temperature transmitter/sensor 550, system 600 is similar to system 500.As mentioned above, for wet steam, temperature and pressure links together.Therefore, perhaps pressure or temperature provide calculation of steam quality or the required information of other character, and be as described below.
Fig. 7 is a process flow diagram, has illustrated that use wherein a kind of system of system shown in Fig. 4-6 determines the process that steam quality is measured.The temperature of steam or pressure reading are from obtaining (710) such as sensor 550 or 650 equitemperatures or pressure sensor/transmitter.Then, temperature or pressure are used to calculate density of liquid phase (720) and vapour phase density (730).
Each density can be by for example storing steam table and inquiring about suitable character and calculate in steam table in transmitter.For example, with reference to the steam table of figure 3, if temperature sensor that is associated with coriolis meter 410 or temperature transmitter 550 show 360 °F (perhaps, if absolute pressure transducer 650 shows 153psia), then the density of liquid phase is (as specific volume v
fInverse) be calculated as from the steam table of Fig. 3:
And the density of vapour phase is (as specific volume v
gInverse) can be calculated as from the steam table of Fig. 3:
In addition, but steam table information algorithmization ground storage and this algorithm can be used for obtaining each density.
The flow through volume density (740) of wet steam of flowtube of acquisition.Then, the density of liquid and vapor capacity is used to calculation of steam quality (750) together with volume density.Following equation has been expressed volume density, vapour density (vapor density), the relation between fluid density and the steam quality x:
Therefore, find the solution x by given volume density, fluid density and vapour density and can determine steam quality.Continue above-mentioned example, if volume density is 0.5lb/ft for example
3, then steam quality can be calculated as:
X=0.67 or 67% steam quality
In a word, coriolis flowmeter (and/or temperature/pressure sensor) can use with the table of for example Fig. 3 to determine the gas phase and the liquid phase density separately of wet steam.But because coriolis meter measurement volumes density, the available mode of just having described is extrapolated steam quality.
Fig. 8 is a process flow diagram, has described and has used steam quality and mass rate to determine the process 800 that heat energy flow is measured.For example, process 800 can use the wherein a kind of structure shown in Fig. 4-6 to implement.
As mentioned above, coriolis flowmeter can be used for measuring the bulk mass flow of two-phase steam.The information about wet steam of utilizing bulk mass flow, steam quality and can obtaining from steam table can calculate the heat energy flow of the steam that flows into well 160.This heat energy flow is measured together with mass rate can be provided at the helpful extraneous information in optimization steam injection processing aspect to the operator who injects well 160.
Therefore, with reference to figure 8, the bulk mass flow of steam (bulk mass flow rate) can obtain (810) by coriolis flowmeter.Steam quality such as above-mentionedly utilize temperature or pressure sensor/transmitter for example sensor 550 or 650 reading and steam table steam table for example shown in Figure 3 calculate (820).Then, temperature or pressure are used to calculate the enthalpy (830) of liquid phase and the enthalpy (840) of vapour phase.As each density that is used for steam quality calculation, each enthalpy can be by for example storing steam table and inquiring about suitable character and calculate in steam table in transmitter.For example, steam table with reference to figure 3, if temperature sensor that is associated with coriolis flowtube 410 or temperature transmitter 550 show 360 °F (perhaps, if absolute pressure transducer 650 shows 153psia), then the enthalpy of the liquid phase of calculating from the steam table of Fig. 3 is 332.3BTU/lbm, and the enthalpy of vapour phase is calculated as 1194.4BTU/lbm.In addition, but steam table information algorithmization ground storage and this algorithm can be used for obtaining each enthalpy.
Then, the enthalpy of liquid and vapor capacity is used to the heat energy flow (850) of calculation of steam together with bulk mass flow and steam quality.Following equation has been expressed heat energy flow H
Total, bulk mass flow m, steam enthalpy h
g, liquid enthalpy h
fAnd the relation between the steam quality x:
H
total＝m·h
g·x+m·h
f·(1-x)
360 examples that utilization is discussed above with 67% quality, and suppose that mass rate m is 20,000lb/ days:
H
total＝20,000(1194.4)0.67+20,000(332.3)(1-0.67)
H
Total=18.2 mmbtu every days.
Fig. 9 is the block diagram of system 900, and this system comprises the steam measurement system that is used in combination with gas/liquid separation.In system 900, the two-phase wet steam by separation vessel 920 to separate to a certain degree.This configuration is wished in some cases.For example, if gas fraction (GVF or gas volume mark (GasVolume Fraction)) is higher than specified quantitative, such as, about 30%; Or be lower than specified quantitative, such as, about 90%, accurately density measurement and mass rate of some coriolis flowmeter then.The embodiment that uses separation vessel partially or completely also allowable temperature/pressure unit is directly used in the pure substantially gas phase of two-phase steam.
Wet steam is input to separation vessel 920 wholly or in part by input transfer unit 910.Separation vessel 920 completely or partially is separated into wet steam the air-flow that is essentially gas and is essentially the liquid stream of liquid.The air communication that is essentially gas is crossed gas delivery components 930 outputs, and the liquid stream that is essentially liquid is by liquid delivery member 940 outputs.Temperature or pressure unit 990 can be connected to gas delivery components 930, are used to measure the temperature or the pressure of the air-flow that is essentially gas, and this temperature or pressure will equal to be essentially the temperature or the pressure of the liquid stream of liquid.Coriolis flowtube 950a and the transmitter 960a that is associated also are connected to gas delivery components 930.Similarly, coriolis flowtube 950b is connected to liquid delivery member 940 with the transmitter 960b that is associated.After flowing through coriolis flowtube 950a and 950b respectively, the liquid stream that is essentially the air-flow of gas and is essentially liquid converges and by 980 outputs of output transfer unit.
Therefore, the detectable volume density that is essentially the air-flow of gas of coriolis flowtube 950a and transmitter 960a, and the detectable volume density that is essentially the liquid stream of liquid of coriolis flowtube 950b and transmitter 960b.The volume density that Coriolis transmitter 960a will be essentially the air-flow of gas sends to flow computer 970.The volume density that Coriolis transmitter 960b also will be essentially the liquid stream of liquid sends to flow rate calculation device 970.The mass rate that is essentially the air-flow of gas and liquid stream also can be measured by corresponding coriolis flowtube 950a or 950b and transmitter 960a and 960b.Utilize the density of air-flow and liquid stream and the temperature or the pressure of two kinds of flows of material, flow computer 970 can calculate total steam quality, total mass flow rate and the total heat energy flow rate by the flow of material of output transfer unit 980 outputs.In order to calculate total mass flow rate, the mass rate of flow computer 970 each flow of material of addition.In order to calculate total steam quality and total heat energy flow rate, flow computer 970 calculates the steam quality and the heat energy flow of each flow of material and amounts to these values in the mode that is similar to aforesaid way.
Figure 10 is a process flow diagram, has described the process of considering dissolved solid when determining that steam quality is measured.To the flow of material calculation of steam quality measurement of low steam quality the time, such as, the flow of material that for example has the 10-20% steam quality, this may be particularly useful.The feedwater that steam generator 120 uses may be high aspect the total dissolved solidss (TDS), if it is such as being pretreated, primitive water or phreatic words.When it passed through generator 120, its overwhelming majority became steam, and remaining liquid has concentrated TDS.Such as, if feedwater is 2000ppmTDS, and generator produces the steam of 80% quality, then liquid phase will be concentrated to 10,000ppmTDS.The dense 0.62lb/ft that this will cause liquid phase to show than steam table
3The steam table of Fig. 3 is based on pure distilled water, but coriolis flowmeter has measurement the volume density of liquid and the steam of TDS.
In addition, when two-phase steam lost pressure and pressure and reduces owing to valve and flow controller owing to the friction in the flow line for example, more liquid became steam, further concentrates the TDS in the liquid phase.
In fact steam quality reduces with pressure and increases, and under the situation of the process that adopts constant enthalpy, this can calculate by following formula:
H
1＝H
2
(1-x
1)H
1f+x
1H
1g＝(1-x
2)H
2f+x
2H
2g
X in the formula
1Quality before being, x
2Quality after being, and each " H " be before and the liquid afterwards and the enthalpy of steam (being respectively f and g).If we suppose that the example of 80% quality steam of front is in for example 440 °F (381.5psia); And it drops to 360 °F (153psia), so:
(1-0.8)419+0.8(1204.4)＝(1-x
2)332.3+1194.4x
2
x
2=0.83 or 83% quality.
In this example, liquid phase has further concentrated TDS with 3%, and therefore formed TDS is 10 now, and 309.3ppm is perhaps than dense 0.64lb/ft in the steam table
3
Then under the situation of Figure 10, so, the temperature (or pressure) at the steam quality at the TDS of feedwater, generator place, generator place and the temperature (or pressure) of measurement point are used to survey and the measurement of Fig. 3 steam table (such as, density) difference, if any.Then, this species diversity can be used for obtaining the accurate demonstration of the steam quality and/or the heat energy flow of wet steam.When the generator condition changing, generator data can be delivered to all measurement points with being digitized, perhaps can manually be input in transmitter and/or the flow computer.
When carrying out above-mentioned measurements and calculations, static mixer can place (respectively) coriolis flowmeter the upstream (such as, in Fig. 1).This static mixer helps avoid computational problem, for example, with the slip velocity of steam and liquid (such as, flow of material inner vapor and liquid speed relative to each other) relevant computational problem, and/or with the different fluidised forms of flow of material (such as, steam and liquid involved and mobile mode in wet steam.For example, in a kind of fluidised form, the periphery that liquid can center on transfer unit (such as, pipe) flows, and steam is in the centre.In another kind of fluidised form, gas may be dispersed in the wet steam liquid phase as bubble) relevant computational problem.As selection, by in computation process, considering these and other parameters, perhaps use for example be hereby incorporated by reference, on March 10th, 2003 U.S. Provisional Application No.60/452 that submit to, that be entitled as multi-phase coriolis flowmeter, example and the technology discussed in 934 can be cancelled static mixer.
Many embodiments have been described.Yet, should be appreciated that, can carry out various modifications.
Claims (34)
1. two-phase steam measurement system comprises:
In order to receive the coriolis flowtube of wet steam flow, the volume density of wherein said wet steam flow and bulk mass flow are determined based on the motion of described coriolis flowtube;
Sensor in order to the character of determining described wet steam flow; And
In order to calculating the calculation element of the steam quality of described wet steam flow according to described volume density and described character, this calculation element is in order to calculate the heat energy flow of described wet steam flow according to described steam quality and described bulk mass flow.
2. two-phase steam measurement system as claimed in claim 1, wherein said character are the temperature of described wet steam flow, and described sensor is a temperature sensor.
3. two-phase steam measurement system as claimed in claim 2, wherein said temperature sensor is connected in the outside of described flowtube.
4. two-phase steam measurement system as claimed in claim 2, wherein said temperature sensor inserts in the described wet steam flow.
5. two-phase steam measurement system as claimed in claim 1, wherein said character are the pressure of described wet steam flow, and described sensor is a pressure transducer.
6. two-phase steam measurement system as claimed in claim 1, wherein, described calculation element in order to the density of liquid phase that calculates the vapour phase density of described wet steam flow according to described character and calculate described wet steam flow according to described character to calculate described steam quality.
7. two-phase steam measurement system as claimed in claim 6, wherein said calculation element comprises the memory storage of storing steam table, and described calculation element calculates described vapour phase density and calculates described density of liquid phase according to described character according to described character in order to use described steam table.
8. two-phase steam measurement system as claimed in claim 6, wherein, described calculation element is found the solution following equation about described steam quality x in order to use described volume density, described density of liquid phase and described density of gas phase:
Calculate described steam quality.
9. two-phase steam measurement system as claimed in claim 1, wherein, described calculation element in order to the enthalpy of the vapour phase of calculating described wet steam flow according to described character and the enthalpy of liquid phase that calculates described wet steam flow according to described character to calculate described heat energy flow.
10. two-phase steam measurement system as claimed in claim 9, wherein, described calculation element is in order to use the enthalpy h of described bulk mass flow m, described liquid phase
f, described gas phase enthalpy h
gAnd described steam quality x finds the solution about described heat energy flow H
TotalFollowing equation:
H
total＝m·h
g·x+m·h
f·(1-x)
Calculate described heat energy flow.
11. two-phase steam measurement system as claimed in claim 1, wherein said calculation element comprises Coriolis transmitter.
12. two-phase steam measurement system as claimed in claim 1, wherein said calculation element comprises flow computer.
13. two-phase steam measurement system as claimed in claim 1 also comprises:
In order to produce the steam generator of described wet steam flow;
In order to described wet steam flow is transported to the transfer unit of described coriolis flowtube; And
Be connected in described coriolis flowtube to receive injection well from the described wet steam flow of described coriolis flowtube.
14. a method that is used for two-phase steam measurement system comprises:
Make the vibrating flow pipe of wet steam flow by being associated with coriolis flowmeter, wherein said coriolis flowmeter is determined the volume density of described wet steam flow;
Obtain the temperature or the pressure of described wet steam flow; And
Steam quality according to described volume density and described temperature or the described wet steam flow of calculation of pressure;
Calculate the described bulk mass flow of described wet steam flow; And
Heat energy flow according to described steam quality, described bulk mass flow and described temperature or the described wet steam flow of calculation of pressure.
15. method as claimed in claim 14, the step of wherein calculating described steam quality comprises:
Vapour phase density according to described temperature or the described wet steam flow of calculation of pressure; And
Density of liquid phase according to described temperature or the described wet steam flow of calculation of pressure.
16. method as claimed in claim 15, the step of wherein calculating described steam quality comprise the following equation of finding the solution about described steam quality x:
17. method as claimed in claim 14, the step of wherein calculating described heat energy flow comprises:
Enthalpy according to the vapour phase of described temperature that obtains from second sensor or the described wet steam flow of calculation of pressure; And
Enthalpy according to the liquid phase of described temperature that obtains from second sensor or the described wet steam flow of calculation of pressure.
18. comprising, method as claimed in claim 17, the step of wherein calculating described heat energy flow find the solution about described heat energy flow H
TotalFollowing equation:
H
total＝m·h
g·x+m·h
f·(1-x)
M is described bulk mass flow, h in the formula
fBe the enthalpy of described liquid phase, the enthalpy that hg is described gas phase, and x is described steam quality.
19. a steam measurement system comprises:
Wet steam flow is separated into the separation vessel of air-flow that is essentially gas and the liquid stream that is essentially liquid;
In order to receive described first coriolis flowtube that is essentially the air-flow of gas, the volume density that wherein is essentially the air-flow of gas is determined based on the motion of described first coriolis flowtube;
In order to receive described second coriolis flowtube that is essentially the liquid stream of liquid, the volume density that wherein is essentially the liquid stream of liquid is determined based on the motion of described second coriolis flowtube;
In order to survey the described air-flow that is essentially gas or the temperature of the described liquid stream that is essentially liquid or the sensor of pressure; And
In order to calculation element according to total steam quality of the described volume density that is essentially the air-flow of gas, the volume density of liquid stream that is essentially liquid and described temperature or the described wet steam flow of calculation of pressure.
20. steam measurement system as claimed in claim 19, wherein said sensor is a temperature sensor.
21. steam measurement system as claimed in claim 20, wherein said temperature sensor are connected in the described first or second coriolis flowtube outside.
22. steam measurement system as claimed in claim 20, wherein said temperature sensor insertion are essentially the air-flow of gas or are essentially in the liquid stream of liquid.
23. steam measurement system as claimed in claim 19, wherein said sensor is a pressure transducer.
24. steam measurement system as claimed in claim 19, wherein, in order to calculate described steam quality, described calculation element is in order to utilize the described vapour phase density that is essentially the air-flow of gas of described temperature or calculation of pressure; The described density of liquid phase that is essentially the air-flow of gas; The described vapour phase density that is essentially the liquid stream of liquid; And the described density of liquid phase that is essentially the liquid stream of liquid.
25. steam measurement system as claimed in claim 24, wherein, described calculation element comprises the memory storage of storing steam table, and described calculation element calculates the described vapour phase density that is essentially the air-flow of gas in order to use described steam table; The described density of liquid phase that is essentially the air-flow of gas; The described vapour phase density that is essentially the liquid stream of liquid; And the described density of liquid phase that is essentially the liquid stream of liquid.
26. steam measurement system as claimed in claim 19, wherein, the described bulk mass flow that is essentially the air-flow of gas is determined based on the movable information of described first coriolis flowtube, the bulk mass flow of the described liquid stream that is essentially gas determines based on the movable information of described second coriolis flowtube, and described calculation element is in order to according to described steam quality, the described bulk mass flow that is essentially the liquid stream of liquid, the bulk mass flow of the described air-flow that is essentially gas and the heat energy flow of described temperature or the described wet steam flow of calculation of pressure.
27. steam measurement system as claimed in claim 26, wherein, in order to calculate described heat energy flow, described calculation element is in order to the enthalpy of the vapour phase of utilizing the described air-flow that is essentially gas of described temperature or calculation of pressure; Calculate the enthalpy of the liquid phase of the described air-flow that is essentially gas; Calculate the enthalpy of the vapour phase of the described liquid stream that is essentially liquid; And the enthalpy that calculates the liquid phase of the described liquid stream that is essentially liquid.
28. steam measurement system as claimed in claim 19, wherein, described calculation element comprises the coriolis flowmeter transmitter.
29. steam measurement system as claimed in claim 19, wherein, described calculation element comprises flow computer.
30. steam measurement system as claimed in claim 19 also comprises:
Produce the steam generator of described wet steam flow;
In order to described wet steam flow is transported to the transfer unit of described separation vessel; And
Be connected in described first and second coriolis flowtube to receive described air-flow and the described injection well that is essentially the liquid stream of liquid that is essentially gas from described first and second coriolis flowtube.
31. a Coriolis transmitter of using with steam measurement system, wherein said steam measurement system comprises the coriolis flowtube that receives wet steam flow; The first sensor that is associated with described flowtube is in order to transmit the information of relevant described flowtube motion by the mode of first sensor signal; And second sensor, transmit described character in order to the character of determining described wet steam flow and by the mode of second sensor signal, described Coriolis transmitter comprises:
Receive the treating apparatus of described first and second sensor signals, described treating apparatus is in order to calculating the steam quality of described wet steam flow according to described first and second sensor signals, described treating apparatus is in order to calculate the heat energy flow of described wet steam flow according to described steam quality and described first and second sensor signals.
32. transmitter as claimed in claim 31, wherein, described treating apparatus in order to the enthalpy of the vapour phase of calculating described wet steam flow according to described character and the enthalpy of liquid phase that calculates described wet steam flow according to described character to calculate described heat energy flow.
33. transmitter as claimed in claim 32, wherein, described treating apparatus in order to according to the bulk mass flow of the described wet steam flow of described first sensor calculated signals to calculate described heat energy flow.
34. transmitter as claimed in claim 33, wherein, in order to calculate described heat energy flow, described treating apparatus is in order to utilize the enthalpy h of described bulk mass flow m, described liquid phase
f, described gas phase enthalpy h
gAnd described steam quality x finds the solution about described heat energy flow H
TotalFollowing equation:
H
total＝m·h
g·x+m·h
f·(1-x)。
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| US46755303P | 2003-05-05 | 2003-05-05 | |
| US60/467,553 | 2003-05-05 | ||
| US10/737,856 | 2003-12-18 |
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| US8855948B2 (en) * | 2007-04-20 | 2014-10-07 | Invensys Systems, Inc. | Wet gas measurement |
| CN102346058B (en) * | 2010-07-29 | 2014-07-09 | 中国石油大学(华东) | Model method for measuring flow rate of air-assisted liquid by Coriolis mass flowmeter (CMF) |
| CA2758779C (en) * | 2010-12-01 | 2016-01-05 | Invensys Systems, Inc. | Determining concentrations of components of a mixture |
| DE102018123534A1 (en) * | 2018-09-25 | 2020-03-26 | Krohne Messtechnik Gmbh | Method for determining the gas content in the medium flowing through a Coriolis mass flow meter |
| CN110793584B (en) * | 2019-11-13 | 2021-02-09 | 四川奥达测控装置有限公司 | Multiphase flow mass flow measurement system and measurement method |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5359881A (en) * | 1992-03-20 | 1994-11-01 | Micro Motion, Incorporated | Viscometer for sanitary applications |
| US6032539A (en) * | 1996-10-11 | 2000-03-07 | Accuflow, Inc. | Multiphase flow measurement method and apparatus |
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Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5359881A (en) * | 1992-03-20 | 1994-11-01 | Micro Motion, Incorporated | Viscometer for sanitary applications |
| US6032539A (en) * | 1996-10-11 | 2000-03-07 | Accuflow, Inc. | Multiphase flow measurement method and apparatus |
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