CN100389312C - Method for evaluating resolution of video camera objectively - Google Patents
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- CN100389312C CN100389312C CNB2006101286317A CN200610128631A CN100389312C CN 100389312 C CN100389312 C CN 100389312C CN B2006101286317 A CNB2006101286317 A CN B2006101286317A CN 200610128631 A CN200610128631 A CN 200610128631A CN 100389312 C CN100389312 C CN 100389312C
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Abstract
A method for evaluating resolution of CCD video camera includes obtaining target image of pattern with one packet and multiple fringe, picking up grey value of one line in each fringe region, converting said grey values to be frequency domain, confirming a sampling frequency under certain condition and obtaining amplitude of mole fringe and amplitude of character frequency of each fringe region in relevant spectrum image, comparing relation of character frequency amplitude to mole fringe frequency amplitude in each fringe region.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the discrete light electric imaging system performance evaluating branch in the photoelectricity test field, is a kind of method that realizes ccd video camera resolution is carried out the objective interpretation of software.Can be applicable to evaluation and test to all kinds of civilian goods and army's grade visible light ccd video camera.
Background technology
Along with CCD, cmos sensor are used more and more widely, discrete light electric imaging system performance evaluating there is more and more exigence in various civilian, military photoelectronic imaging devices.Especially for all kinds of digital cameras, Digital Video, the first-class resolution evaluation and test of monitoring camera is demarcated.
Using maximum CCD resolution test methods at present is the resolution test target plate ISO12233 that takes international standard by the CCD image device, and observation post becomes image, visual read-out resolution value then.Though this method is comparatively easy, it is bigger to be subjected to the subjective influence of observer, and it is objective to accomplish, the differentiation of quantification.And domesticly never put into effect relevant national standard, make domestic CCD image device market lack can be for reference relevant criterion.Therefore realize objective evaluating as early as possible, and determine its objective evaluating standard,, make authority, binding industry standard, have crucial meaning for unified uneven evaluating method in present home market and standard to the CCD image device.
The Olympus company of Japan once released a resolution test software HyRes at digital camera.By ISO12233 target plate pictures taken is analyzed, obtain resolution sizes.But the algorithm of this software is comparatively complicated, and program is very loaded down with trivial details, and the interpretation accuracy is not high.Therefore be necessary evaluation and test target plate pattern is met the design of this method of testing, satisfy under the situation of GB, make things convenient for software processes in assurance.
In addition, in the prior art, generally also carry out the resolution test of CCD camera by the determined target plate of GB6998-1, resolution target plate among the GB6998-1 is provided with 10 striped group zones of corresponding 200 tv line to 800 tv lines, and provided the position of each striped group, and the width of fringe of striped wherein; According to this standard, target plate is a rectangle, is of a size of 133 * 100mm
2, being provided with the striped group of corresponding each tv line in the middle, the corresponding relation of width of fringe and tv line is as shown in the table in each striped group:
| Tv line (resolution line) | Live width (mm) |
| 250 | 0.40±0.02 |
| 300 | 0.33±0.02 |
| 350 | 0.29±0.01 |
| 400 | 0.25±0.01 |
| 450 | 0.22±0.01 |
| 500 | 0.200±0.009 |
| 550 | 0.180±0.009 |
| 600 | 0.170±0.009 |
| 650 | 0.150±0.007 |
| 700 | 0.140±0.006 |
Because the defective of target plate design obtains image by ccd video camera and is difficult to carry out the objective analysis interpretation by computer software, therefore, can only be by the distinguishable degree of striped on this image of visual inspection, thus determine the resolution of this CCD.This method has followed traditional resolving power determination method, makes can bring subjective error by the final judgement human eye that places one's entire reliance upon, and therefore often can not obtain gratifying effect.
Therefore, a kind of like this demand is arranged, promptly need to determine a kind of objective assay method, eliminate the defective of visual detection method, improve the resolution measurement precision.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to, overcome defective of the prior art, propose a kind of objective judgement system of ccd video camera resolution, the image information of the target plate of this method by obtaining customization is carried out analyzing and processing to it, and is obtained its resolution information.
For achieving the above object, the invention provides a kind of ccd video camera resolution objective evaluating method, this method may further comprise the steps:
1) uses ccd video camera to be measured, obtain many candy strips of grouping target plate image, obtain the gray-scale value matrix of image;
2) fringe area that will have different widths of fringe is separated;
3) extract the gray-scale value of the delegation in each fringe area, obtain the gray-scale value signal of corresponding row respectively;
4) respectively the described gray-scale value signal of corresponding each fringe area is carried out fast Fourier transform (FFT) to be converted to frequency domain, wherein, be under the situation of integral multiple of homologue side space frequency interval in the spatial frequency that guarantees sampling back different resolution striped, determine sample frequency, sampling generates a spectrogram respectively;
5) amplitude of the Morie fringe of each fringe area of acquisition correspondence respectively from corresponding frequency spectrum figure, and characteristic frequency amplitude;
6) contrast the characteristic frequency amplitude of each fringe area and the relation of Morie fringe frequency amplitude, when the amplitude of Morie fringe near in addition when being higher than resolution streak feature frequency spike amplitude, should think that this moment, serious aliasing appearred in image, corresponding resolution striped can not be differentiated.
On the implementation of resolution software interpretation and algorithm, adopted the gray-scale value square wave has been carried out the FFT conversion, extracted the method for effective information.Solved effectively in the past for Morie fringe occurring in the high band frequency conversion grating, thus the problem that influence is differentiated.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a kind of ccd video camera resolving power determination system, this system comprises the customization target plate, lighting lamphouse, image pick-up card and computing machine; Wherein,
The customization target plate has rectangular base plate, equally distributed a plurality of zones on the rectangular base plate, each zone is full of by equally distributed striped respectively, the tv line number that the width of striped is corresponding with this zone is inversely proportional to, the length of customization target plate is some octuple of the length of standard target plate, the width of customization target plate is some octuple of the width of standard target plate, and the customization target plate has the length breadth ratio identical with standard target plate;
Lighting lamphouse is arranged in the rear of customization target plate, evenly illuminates in order to will customize target plate;
The input end of image pick-up card is connected with ccd video camera to be measured, obtains the image information of ccd video camera and with its digitizing; Output terminal is connected with computing machine, and the image information after the digitizing is sent into Computer Processing;
Multi-purpose computer is carried out following program:
1) obtains many candy strips of grouping target plate image by ccd video camera to be measured, obtain the gray-scale value matrix of image;
2) fringe area that will have different widths of fringe is separated;
3) extract the gray-scale value of the delegation in each fringe area, obtain the gray-scale value signal of corresponding row respectively;
4) respectively with the described gray-scale value conversion of signals of corresponding each fringe area to frequency domain, generate a spectrogram respectively, wherein, be under the situation of integral multiple of homologue side space frequency interval in the spatial frequency that guarantees sampling back different resolution striped, determine sampling number;
5) amplitude of the Morie fringe of each fringe area of acquisition correspondence respectively from corresponding frequency spectrum figure, and characteristic frequency amplitude;
6) contrast the characteristic frequency amplitude of each fringe area and the relation of Morie fringe frequency amplitude, when the amplitude of Morie fringe near in addition when being higher than resolution streak feature frequency spike amplitude, should think that this moment, serious aliasing appearred in image, corresponding resolution striped can not be differentiated.
Utilize the method and apparatus among the present invention, solved effectively in the past that the ISO12233 target plate only is applicable to subjective visual interpretation in the evaluation and test of ccd video camera resolution, be difficult to carry out the defective of objective analysis interpretation with computer software.The GB dimensional requirement is at first satisfied in the divide into groups design of many stripeds, and next is easy to realize the Flame Image Process and the interpretation function of software, thereby really realizes the objective interpretation of resolution of ccd video camera.
Description of drawings
Particular content of the present invention is provided by Fig. 1 to Fig. 6.
Fig. 1 is a ccd video camera resolution test system schematic.
Fig. 2 is many group striped resolution test target plates.
Fig. 3 is the fringe area of many group striped resolution test target plates.
Fig. 4 is the grey scale change oscillogram.
Fig. 5 is process FFT conversion, and with the spectrogram after the amplitude amplification.
Fig. 6 is resolution characteristics frequency spectrum and Morie fringe spectrum amplitude differential chart.
Embodiment:
Basic thought of the present invention is to use the even light source irradiation transmission-type of design many candy strips target plate that divides into groups voluntarily, and ccd video camera is taken target plate, and vision signal is collected in the computing machine by image pick-up card.By software captured target plate image is handled, finally drawn the resolution value of ccd video camera.The test macro synoptic diagram is provided by Fig. 1.
With reference to Fig. 1, ccd video camera resolving power determination of the present invention system is by customization target plate 1, and lighting lamphouse 2, image pick-up card 3 and computing machine 4 constitute; Wherein, customization target plate 1 has rectangular base plate, equally distributed 11 zones on the rectangular base plate, and each zone is full of by equally distributed striped respectively, the tv line number that the width of striped is corresponding with this zone is inversely proportional to, and customization target plate length breadth ratio is directly proportional with the length breadth ratio of GB6996.1 standard target plate;
Lighting lamphouse 2 is arranged in the rear of customization target plate, evenly illuminates in order to will customize target plate 1;
The input end of image pick-up card 3 is connected with ccd video camera 5 to be measured, obtains the image information of ccd video camera 5 and with its digitizing; Output terminal is connected with computing machine 4, the image information after the digitizing is sent into computing machine 4 handle;
Computing machine 4 is a multi-purpose computer, comprises central processing system and storer, display, and input equipment, as keyboard, mouse etc.,
At first can obtain abundant sampled point for guaranteeing, the base plate size of transmission-type resolution target plate is expanded as 1.8 times that have target plate now, i.e. (240 * 180mm) specification, and according to the width of fringe of GB GB6996.1 standard, utilize Matlab to carry out the curve fitting of discrete point, obtain the relational expression that resolution width of fringe d and corresponding tv line are counted N calculate the known striped data in back through linear amplification:
From relational expression, can calculate the resolution width of fringe numerical value of the corresponding D240 of any tv line, obtain the concrete size of line thickness on the resolution target plate base plate.As shown in the table, difference correspondence 250,300,350,400,450,500,550,600,650,700,750 tv lines.
| Tv line number (TVLines) | 250 | 300 | 350 | 400 | 450 | 500 | 550 | 600 | 650 | 700 | 750 |
| Width of fringe (mm) | 0.720 | 0.594 | 0.522 | 0.450 | 0.396 | 0.360 | 0.324 | 0.306 | 0.277 | 0.257 | 0.239 |
Width of fringe drawing resolution pattern according to the different tv line correspondences in the last table.Frequency conversion grating target plate is designed to the resolution striped group of 11 different tv lines of correspondence, vertically arranges, and make it be full of target surface as far as possible.Its structure is as shown in Figure 2:
When taking customization target plate 1, the camera lens of ccd video camera 5 to be measured is perpendicular with the customization target plate, and guarantees to obtain all images of customization target plate, and the image of acquisition is gathered by image pick-up card 3, carry out digital-to-analog conversion, the data after the conversion are saved in the assigned address of storer of computing machine 4.
Be stored in view data in the computer memory and need experience the processing and the analysis of following step:
At first image is carried out area dividing, be about to the captured image for customization target plate 1 and divide according to the tv line zone, division result is to obtain 11 image-regions of 250,300,350,400,450,500,550,600,650,700,750 respectively.
Then to each regional resolution striped, to choose wherein delegation and read its gray scale output valve, the gray scale output valve can generate the continuous square-wave signal that one-period is T, as shown in Figure 4.Can take out 11 groups of cycle differences, square-wave signal that amplitude is different so altogether.
Then the different square-wave signal of 11 groups of cycle differences, amplitude that generates corresponding to the different resolution striped carries out fast Fourier transform (FFT), obtains its spectrogram.To determine suitable pixel unit's hits earlier, for guaranteeing that Fourier transform can truly reflect the characteristic frequency information of each resolution striped, the spatial frequency of different resolution (250 tv lines-750 tv line) striped should be the integral multiple that image is carried out data point difference on the frequency behind the Fourier transform, the i.e. integral multiple of homologue side space frequency interval Δ f.Object space frequency interval Δ f is relevant with the sampled point quantity of CCD imaging system again behind the Fourier transform:
Wherein N is pixel unit's hits, and d is a CCD pixel spacing, and L is a CCD image magnification.Because of CCD pixel spacing d and CCD imaging system image magnification L when measuring are definite value, be example with MTV2821 type ccd video camera, CCD pixel spacing d=8.72 ; Image magnification L=240/6.4, and must satisfy 250-750TV Lines the spatial frequency of totally 11 groups of resolution stripeds be the integral multiple of Δ f, the spatial frequency of different resolution striped correspondence in the existing Known designs customization target plate, in the present embodiment, choose as calculated image wherein the hits N of pixel unit that carries out FFT of delegation be 440 pixels.Then
The different resolution stripe pattern that can take thus carries out the image behind the Fourier transform; Can get simultaneously that the multiple of homologue side space frequency interval Δ f concerns behind different resolution streak feature spatial frequency and different resolution streak feature spatial frequency and the Fourier transform.As shown in the table:
| |
250 | 300 | 350 | 400 | 450 | 500 | 550 | 600 | 650 | 700 | 750 |
| Spatial frequency lp/mm | 0.694 | 0.833 | 0.973 | 1.111 | 1.250 | 1.389 | 1.528 | 1.667 | 1.805 | 1.945 | 2.083 |
| Characteristic frequency and Δ f relation | 100Δf | 120Δf | 140Δf | 160Δf | 180Δf | 200Δf | 220Δf | 240Δf | 260Δf | 280Δf | 300Δf |
For the spectrogram that the different resolution striped obtains, the zero-frequency of x axle reflects that partly the resolution fringe area carries out the capable grey scale pixel value sum of Fourier transform, does not reflect the characteristic frequency information of each resolution striped.Again because each resolution streak feature spatial frequency amplitude (y value) of spectrogram reflection is not obvious, therefore for the better feature space frequency of analyzing different resolution, remove the zero-frequency part of x axle correspondence in the spectrogram, only the characteristic frequency part is amplified along Y-axis, obtain figure as shown in Figure 5.
This spectrogram is analyzed, can be obtained the information of this resolution striped and Morie fringe.
Spectrogram is analyzed its frequency information, and programming specifically draws the physical location that different resolution characteristic frequency spike occurs at transverse axis, and the pairing low-frequency information value of Morie fringe of low frequency place appearance.When Morie fringe occurring, the information of Morie fringe presents in low frequency part, when its amplitude during much smaller than the characteristic frequency peak amplitude of resolution striped, can ignore the influence of Morie fringe to the resolution interpretation.But when the amplitude of Morie fringe near in addition when being higher than resolution streak feature frequency spike amplitude, should think that this moment, serious aliasing appearred in image, corresponding resolution striped can not be differentiated.Situation as shown in Figure 5, the resolution that promptly should judge this ccd video camera is 400 tv lines.
After wherein X-axis is Fourier transform, the integral multiple of object space frequency interval, effective frequency range is 0-300 Δ f, wherein Δ f is a homologue side space frequency interval; Y-axis is a corresponding value behind the gray scale square-wave signal Fourier transform, the reflection amplitude versus frequency characte.The space characteristics frequency of 11 groups of resolution stripeds of 250TV Lines-750TV Lines increases gradually, and the characteristic of correspondence frequency spike is respectively 100 Δ f, 120 Δ f at the theoretical position that transverse axis occurs, 140 Δ f, 160 Δ f, 180 Δ f, 200 Δ f, 220 Δ f, 240 Δ f, 260 Δ f, 280 Δ f, 300 Δ f, and its frequency energy (peak amplitude) constantly reduces.
Set up coordinate system, setting X-axis is the different resolution tv line; On behalf of a certain resolution striped character pair frequency spectrum amplitude, Y-axis deduct spectrum amplitude poor of Morie fringe; As shown in Figure 6, when the Y value smaller or equal to 0 the time, when promptly the spectral magnitude of Morie fringe is more than or equal to true resolution streak feature frequency spike amplitude, is considered as and can not differentiates.Empirical tests test result and subjective visual differentiation result match.
Analyze its frequency information in the drawings, program and specifically draw the physical location that different resolution characteristic frequency spike occurs at transverse axis: the characteristic frequency spike of 250TV Lines appears at 99 Δ f places, the characteristic frequency spike of 300TV Lines appears at 121 Δ f places, the characteristic frequency spike of 350TV Lines appears at 138 Δ f places, the characteristic frequency spike of 400TV Lines appears at 160 Δ f places, and the position to occur consistent with theory.In the pairing spectrogram of 450TV Lines, spike appears at 178 Δ f places, the theoretical position 180 Δ f place basically identicals that should occur with the characteristic frequency spike, but at 2 Δ f places a spike that amplitude is higher is arranged, the frequency information of this spike should be the pairing low-frequency information value of Moire fringe of appearance.Can be observed 450TV Lines resolution striped group after the digital picture that the CCD imaging system is captured is amplified comparatively significantly Moire fringe is arranged.So when Moire fringe occurring, the information of Moire fringe presents in low frequency part,, can ignore the influence of Moire fringe to the resolution interpretation when its amplitude during much smaller than the characteristic frequency peak amplitude of resolution striped.But when the mould value of Moire fringe near in addition when being higher than resolution streak feature frequency spike amplitude, should think that this moment, serious aliasing appearred in image, corresponding resolution striped can not be differentiated.Situation as shown in Figure 5, the resolution that promptly should judge this ccd video camera is 400 tv lines.
Change an angle analysis, utilize many candy strips of resolution target plate that the CCD imaging system is carried out resolution test, the resolution of CCD imaging system is to be subjected to optical system diffraction, aberration to cause the degree of modulation decline of picture and the ccd sensor Discrete Grid sampling Moire fringe that produces to influence jointly.As shown in Figure 5, the characteristic frequency peak amplitude of different resolution striped, promptly the spectrum amplitude of characteristic frequency should reduce along with the increase of resolution fringe spatial frequency.Meanwhile, the sampled images of obtaining with the CCD imaging system moves closer to when surpassing system's nyquist limit frequency, the Moire effect that radio-frequency component is reflected in the baseband to be caused on the imageing sensor is more and more obvious, and the spectrum amplitude of Moire fringe constantly increases.
Set up coordinate system, setting X-axis is the different resolution tv line; On behalf of a certain resolution striped character pair frequency spectrum amplitude, Y-axis deduct spectrum amplitude poor of Moire fringe; As shown in Figure 6, when the Y value smaller or equal to 0 the time, when promptly the spectral magnitude of Moire fringe is more than or equal to true resolution streak feature frequency spike amplitude, is considered as and can not differentiates.
Simultaneously, ccd video camera 5 is connected digital storage oscilloscope 6, observe the video waveform pattern from digital storage oscilloscope 6, as the supplementary means of qualitative analysis; Also ccd video camera can be connected monitor 7, under the situation that Morie fringe do not occur, observe the pattern that ccd video camera 5 collects.
By the description of this invention, should be appreciated that the various changes and the variant that do not deviate from essence of the present invention all can realize the present invention.The present invention is not limited to above-mentioned embodiment, and should be interpreted as any or all of embodiment within the appended claim scope.
Claims (4)
1. ccd video camera resolution objective evaluating method, it is characterized in that: this method may further comprise the steps:
1) uses ccd video camera to be measured, obtain many candy strips of grouping target plate image, obtain the gray-scale value matrix of image;
2) fringe area that will have different widths of fringe is separated;
3) extract the gray-scale value of the delegation in each fringe area, obtain the gray-scale value signal of corresponding row respectively;
4) respectively the described gray-scale value signal of corresponding each fringe area is carried out fast Fourier transform (FFT) to be converted to frequency domain, wherein, be under the situation of integral multiple of homologue side space frequency interval in the spatial frequency that guarantees sampling back different resolution striped, determine sample frequency, sampling generates a spectrogram respectively;
5) amplitude of the Morie fringe of each fringe area of acquisition correspondence respectively from corresponding frequency spectrum figure, and characteristic frequency amplitude;
6) contrast the characteristic frequency amplitude of each fringe area and the relation of Morie fringe frequency amplitude, when the amplitude of Morie fringe near in addition when being higher than resolution streak feature frequency spike amplitude, should think that this moment, serious aliasing appearred in image, corresponding resolution striped can not be differentiated.
2. ccd video camera resolving power determination system, it is characterized in that: this system comprises the customization target plate, lighting lamphouse, image pick-up card and computing machine; Wherein, the customization target plate has rectangular base plate, equally distributed a plurality of zones on the rectangular base plate, each zone is full of by equally distributed striped respectively, the tv line number that the width of striped is corresponding with this zone is inversely proportional to, the length of customization target plate is some octuple of the length of standard target plate, and the width of customization target plate is some octuple of the width of standard target plate, and the customization target plate has the length breadth ratio identical with standard target plate;
Lighting lamphouse is arranged in the rear of customization target plate, evenly illuminates in order to will customize target plate;
The input end of image pick-up card is connected with ccd video camera to be measured, obtains the image information of ccd video camera and with its digitizing; Output terminal is connected with computing machine, and the image information after the digitizing is sent into Computer Processing;
Multi-purpose computer is carried out following program:
1) obtains many candy strips of grouping target plate image by ccd video camera to be measured;
2) fringe area that will have different widths of fringe is separated;
3) extract the gray-scale value of the delegation in each fringe area, obtain the gray-scale value signal of corresponding row respectively;
4) respectively the described gray-scale value signal of corresponding each fringe area is carried out Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), to be converted to frequency domain, wherein, be under the situation of integral multiple of homologue side space frequency interval in the spatial frequency that guarantees sampling back different resolution striped, determine sampling number, generate a spectrogram respectively
5) amplitude of the Morie fringe of each fringe area of acquisition correspondence respectively from corresponding frequency spectrum figure, and characteristic frequency amplitude;
6) contrast the characteristic frequency amplitude of each fringe area and the relation of Morie fringe frequency amplitude, when the amplitude of Morie fringe near in addition when being higher than resolution streak feature frequency spike amplitude, should think that this moment, serious aliasing appearred in image, corresponding resolution striped can not be differentiated.
3. ccd video camera resolving power determination according to claim 2 system, it is characterized in that: also comprise the digital storage oscilloscope that is connected with ccd video camera, observe the video waveform pattern from digital storage oscilloscope, as the supplementary means of qualitative analysis.
4. according to claim 2 or 3 described ccd video camera resolving power determination systems, it is characterized in that: also comprise the monitor that is connected with ccd video camera, under the situation that Morie fringe do not occur, observe the pattern that ccd video camera collects.
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| CN101355711B (en) * | 2008-09-11 | 2010-10-06 | 北京理工大学 | Apparatus and method for measuring resolution of CCD camera base on triangle direction discrimination |
| CN106092136B (en) * | 2016-05-30 | 2019-01-25 | 凌云光技术集团有限责任公司 | A method of measurement certain height camera resolution |
| CN110579935B (en) * | 2017-08-08 | 2021-08-24 | 广东弘景光电科技股份有限公司 | Method and system for generating test target corresponding to camera module to be tested |
| CN111473956B (en) * | 2019-01-24 | 2022-04-15 | 深圳市共进电子股份有限公司 | Device and method for testing resolution of wide-angle lens |
| CN116071354B (en) * | 2023-03-06 | 2023-07-04 | 深圳思谋信息科技有限公司 | Image processing method, device, computer equipment and computer readable storage medium |
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| JP2001083044A (en) * | 1999-07-14 | 2001-03-30 | Canon Inc | Method and system for inspecting lens array |
| CN1401982A (en) * | 2001-08-22 | 2003-03-12 | 精工爱普生株式会社 | Lens detecting device and detecting sheet |
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| CN1707238A (en) * | 2004-06-09 | 2005-12-14 | 上海迪比特实业有限公司 | Method for testing resolution ratio of camera head |
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| JP2001083044A (en) * | 1999-07-14 | 2001-03-30 | Canon Inc | Method and system for inspecting lens array |
| CN1401982A (en) * | 2001-08-22 | 2003-03-12 | 精工爱普生株式会社 | Lens detecting device and detecting sheet |
| CN1529151A (en) * | 2003-10-10 | 2004-09-15 | 清华大学 | Non-spherical detection method of electronic virtual proof-plate |
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