CN100388780C - Code flow bandwidth equalizing method - Google Patents
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- CN100388780C CN100388780C CNB031534325A CN03153432A CN100388780C CN 100388780 C CN100388780 C CN 100388780C CN B031534325 A CNB031534325 A CN B031534325A CN 03153432 A CN03153432 A CN 03153432A CN 100388780 C CN100388780 C CN 100388780C
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N7/00—Television systems
- H04N7/14—Systems for two-way working
- H04N7/15—Conference systems
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Abstract
The present invention discloses a code stream bandwidth equalizing method. The bandwidth characteristic of each terminal is first analyzed and calculated; the adjusting quantity of bandwidth equalization of each terminal is then calculated according to the results of analysis and calculation; finally, according to the calculated adjusting quantity, the self bandwidth of each terminal is correspondingly adjusted. When the code stream bandwidth equalizing method of the present invention is implemented, the occupation of the operation resources of an MCU in a large amount is avoided, and the calculation complexity of an MCU side and the cost of hardware realization are reduced; meanwhile, the implementation of the present invention is favorable to the expansion of multi-picture capacity by the MCU.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of multimedia communication, specially refer to a kind of balanced bandwidth method of code stream.
Background technology
At present in video conferencing system, can transmit the different many picture videos of content between each terminal mutually, and in many pictures transmission course, each terminal can only exclusively enjoy corresponding bandwidth according to the ratio that sets in advance, and can't dynamically change self shared bandwidth according to the complexity of the many picture videos of transmission.Therefore cause in many picture videos transmission course, because many picture videos complexity changes at any time, and the shared bandwidth of each terminal can not change thereupon, thereby make that the bandwidth of a part of terminal is in short supply, and the bandwidth free time of other a part of terminal greatly reduces the utilance of video conferencing system overall bandwidth.
For addressing the above problem, the implementation of many pictures mainly contains following dual mode in the existing video conferencing system:
(1) many pictures of secondary coding-decoding implementation, with reference to figure 1:
The main process of this many pictures of secondary coding-decoding implementation is: at first by the multipoint control unit (MCU in the video conferencing system, Multipoint Control Unit) video code flow from each terminal is decoded respectively, obtain corresponding multichannel and solve image;
MCU extracts each the road image scaling that solves again and becomes the size of corresponding proportion, and combines;
At last the image of combining is carried out binary encoding, again the single channel video code flow behind the coding is fed back to each terminal respectively.
By using the secondary coding-decoding scheme, make the many picture images of each terminal pins to different complexities, can use secondary coding-decoding to realize dynamically adjusting the purpose of self bandwidth, thereby reach bandwidth reasonable distribution and balanced effect.
But above-mentionedly realize the method for balanced bandwidth having following shortcoming based on the secondary coding-decoding scheme:
Realize that the balanced bandwidth between each terminal need carry out the secondary coding-decoding processing, this just needs video conferencing system to have the ability of carrying complex calculation, needs higher hardware implementation cost simultaneously;
Because the implementation procedure of this secondary coding-decoding is concentrated in the MCU side and is handled, therefore can take a large amount of operating resources of MCU, be unfavorable for the expansion of many pictures capacity.
(2) many pictures of composite bit stream implementation, with reference to Fig. 2:
The main process of this many pictures of composite bit stream implementation is: each terminal in the video conferencing system takies the corresponding bandwidth capacity according to self transmission sprite proportion size in many pictures;
Each terminal is encoded according to the size of self shared bandwidth capacity, and respectively the video code flow behind the coding is sent to MCU;
The video code flow that MCU sends each terminal extracts respectively, and according to the video code flow that extracts respectively from each terminal, writes down the respective bandwidth capacity that each terminal takies, and in order each the road video code flow that extracts is carried out synthetic operation then;
MCU feeds back to each terminal to the single channel video code flow after synthetic with the shared respective bandwidth capacity of each terminal respectively again, carries out decode operation respectively by each terminal.
But in above-mentioned many pictures implementation based on composite bit stream, a kind of method of carrying out balanced bandwidth between each terminal of controlling is not proposed, thereby to adopting the video conferencing system of many pictures of composite bit stream scheme, the overall bandwidth utilance of its system can not be effectively improved.
Summary of the invention
The present invention proposes a kind of balanced bandwidth method of code stream, can not satisfy the problem of not only saving the MCU resource but also can improve the overall bandwidth utilance in the prior art simultaneously to solve.
For addressing the above problem, the present invention proposes a kind of balanced bandwidth method of code stream, comprises the following steps:
(1) external test arrangements of each terminal or each terminal is carried out analytical calculation to the bandwidth feature of each terminal respectively;
(2) according to the analysis result of step (1), the external test arrangements of each terminal or each terminal calculates the adjustment amount of self terminal bandwidth equilibrium respectively;
(3) adjustment amount that calculates according to step (2) of the external test arrangements of each terminal or each terminal adjusts accordingly the bandwidth of self terminal.
Wherein said step (1) specifically comprises:
(11) external test arrangements of each terminal or each terminal calculates the average quantization step value of each terminal in time phase weekly;
(12) external test arrangements of each terminal or each terminal calculates the bandwidth availability ratio of self terminal in described time phase weekly;
(13) external test arrangements of each terminal or each terminal calculates the overall bandwidth redundancy rate in described time phase weekly.
Wherein said step (11) further comprises:
(111) external test arrangements of each terminal or each terminal is decoded to each macro block in the video image respectively, obtains the quantization step value of each macro block;
(112) after the quantization step value addition of all macro blocks, obtain described average quantization step value divided by the macro block total number that contains in the described video image.
Bandwidth availability ratio in the wherein said step (12) is tried to achieve by following formula:
The end objectives bit number in time phase of the terminal actual coding bit number in time phase of bandwidth availability ratio=weekly/weekly.
Overall bandwidth redundancy rate in the described step (13) is tried to achieve by following formula:
The total bit number of time phase internal object of overall bandwidth redundancy rate=(the total bit number of time phase internal object-weekly in time phase the total bit number of actual decoding) weekly/weekly;
The total bit number of wherein said target equals the target bit sum of all terminals; The total bit number of described actual decoding equals the actual decoding bit sum of all terminals.
Described step (2) specifically comprises: at one-period in the time, if a terminal satisfies simultaneously
(a1) the average quantization step value maximum of this terminal in all terminals;
(a2) bandwidth availability ratio＞=M% of this terminal;
(a3) overall bandwidth redundancy rate＞=N%;
Then the external test arrangements of this terminal or this terminal is carried out the bandwidth increase adjustment of this terminal, the initial target bandwidth * P% of adjustment amount=this terminal; Described M is predefined bandwidth availability ratio threshold values, and N is the predefined first overall bandwidth redundancy rate threshold values, and P is predefined amplitude of accommodation threshold values.
Described step (2) specifically comprises: at one-period in the time, if a terminal satisfies simultaneously
(b1) overall bandwidth redundancy rate＜=K%;
(b2) this terminal current goal bandwidth＞initial target bandwidth;
Then the external test arrangements of this terminal or this terminal bandwidth of carrying out this terminal reduces to adjust the initial target bandwidth * P% of adjustment amount=this terminal; Described K is the predefined second overall bandwidth redundancy rate threshold values, and P is predefined amplitude of accommodation threshold values.
Described step (2) also specifically comprises: in the time, if a terminal satisfies current goal bandwidth/initial target bandwidth＜Q%, the bandwidth of then carrying out this terminal increases adjusts adjustment amount=initial target bandwidth-current goal bandwidth at one-period; Described Q is predefined current bandwidth utilance threshold values.
Beneficial effect of the present invention: by in each terminal, realizing balanced bandwidth, thereby the process that former cause MCU focuses on is decomposed into process by a plurality of terminal distribution process, avoid taking a large amount of operating resources of MCU, reduced the computational complexity and the hardware implementation cost of MCU side; Help MCU simultaneously many pictures capacity is expanded, improved the oeverall quality of many picture videos.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the system block diagram of many pictures of available technology adopting secondary coding-decoding implementation;
Fig. 2 is the system block diagram of many pictures of available technology adopting composite bit stream implementation;
Fig. 3 is the main process figure of the balanced bandwidth method of code stream of the present invention.
Embodiment
In video conferencing system, when employing came many picture videos of transmitting conference code stream based on many pictures of composite bit stream implementation, each terminal of participant all can receive each sprite in many pictures.Each terminal just can be by analyzing the video code flow bandwidth feature of each terminal of participant (comprising self) like this, and then accurately judge the conditions of demand of the present bandwidth of each terminal of participant; Each terminal can adjust accordingly the code stream bandwidth of self respectively according to the conditions of demand of the present bandwidth of each terminal of participant then; Thereby finish in video conferencing system, finish equilibrium, make each terminal can adjust the occupied bandwidth of self, improve the entire system bandwidth utilization according to the Different Dynamic that receives the sprite complexity to the entire system bandwidth occupancy by each terminal.
The balanced bandwidth method of code stream of the present invention just is being based on above-mentioned principle and is designing, the core purpose of this scheme is exactly that the balanced bandwidth that focuses on each terminal by MCU in the prior art is decomposed into by a plurality of terminal distribution process, has overcome to focus on the shortcoming that takies the MCU operating resource in the process.With reference to the accompanying drawings implementation of the present invention is elaborated.
Some parameter threshold values in this programme are set at first: cycle threshold values T=10ms is set; Bandwidth availability ratio threshold values M=80; The first overall bandwidth redundancy rate threshold values N=50; The second overall bandwidth redundancy rate K=20; Amplitude of accommodation P=10; Bandwidth multiplication threshold values L=1.5; Current bandwidth utilance Q=50.Predefined those threshold values can be set flexibly according to the needs of system in above-mentioned, lift numerical value and be not limited thereto the place.
With reference to Fig. 3, in the step 10, participate in each terminal of video conference and respectively the video code flow bandwidth feature of each terminal of participant is carried out analytical calculation, be that each terminal is except analytical calculation self video code flow bandwidth feature, also to carry out analytical calculation to the video code flow bandwidth feature of other each terminals (not comprising self) by receiving the video code flow of other each terminals.
The video code flow bandwidth feature that each terminal analysis is calculated each terminal comprises:
Calculate the average quantization step value of each terminal in each cycle time.Described quantization step value span is from the average quantization step-length of test point in nearest cycle time.Because when each terminal sends video image, be divided into several macro blocks to the view picture video image, all peculiar quantization step QP of each macro block, and then each macro block encoded respectively; So during each terminal receiver, video image, when this video image is decoded, also will solve the QP value of each macro block in the image respectively, wherein the average quantization step value of each terminal is obtained by following formula:
The average quantization step value=(QP of each terminal
1+ QP
2+ QP
3+ ... ..+QP
n)/n
QP wherein
1Be the quantization step of first macro block of image, QP
2Be the quantization step of second macro block of image ... ..QP
nBe the quantization step of visual n macro block, wherein n is a total number of dividing macro block in this view picture image.Each terminal will calculate the average quantization step value of self and the average quantization step value of other each terminals simultaneously in each cycle time, then these average quantization step values are carried out size relatively.
Calculate the bandwidth availability ratio of each terminal in each cycle time.For each terminal, bandwidth availability ratio is obtained by following formula respectively:
The end objectives bit number in time phase of the terminal actual coding bit number in time phase of bandwidth availability ratio=weekly/weekly
Here terminal actual coding bit number is meant the actual code stream bit number of compiling out of terminal encoder in each cycle time; The end objectives bit number is meant that in each cycle time terminal encoder allows the code stream bit number of compiling out.
Calculate overall system bandwidth redundancy rate.For each terminal, the overall bandwidth redundancy rate is obtained by following formula:
The total bit number of time phase internal object of overall bandwidth redundancy rate=(the total bit number of time phase internal object-weekly in time phase the total bit number of actual decoding) weekly/weekly
Wherein the total bit number of target equals all end objectives bit number sums; The total bit number of actual decoding equals the actual decoding bit sum of all terminals; Here the actual decoding bit of terminal is meant the bit number of the actual decoding of terminal decoder in time phase weekly; The overall bandwidth redundancy rate result that all terminals calculate at one time in the system is identical.
In the step 20, the bandwidth feature parameter that each terminal wants in the refer step 10 analysis meter to calculate is calculated self corresponding bandwidth adjustment amount.Its bandwidth adjustment amount is divided into the increase adjustment modes and reduces two kinds of situations of adjustment modes.
Bandwidth increases adjustment modes: in certain cycle time, when certain terminal calculates bandwidth feature when satisfying following 3 conditions simultaneously by the corresponding analysis in the step 10:
This terminal obtains the average quantization step value of self for maximum when the average quantization step value of average quantization step value of self and every other terminal is carried out big or small the comparison one by one;
This terminal calculates bandwidth availability ratio＞=80% (wherein, 80 is above-mentioned predefined bandwidth availability ratio threshold values M) of self;
Overall system bandwidth redundancy rate＞=50% (wherein, 50 is the above-mentioned predefined first overall bandwidth redundancy rate threshold values N);
Then this terminal enters bandwidth increase adjustment modes, and this terminal begins to calculate this and increases the adjustment amount of adjusting, its adjustment amount=this terminal initial target bandwidth * 10% (wherein, 10 is above-mentioned predefined amplitude of accommodation threshold values P).
But for any one terminal, enter increase mode adjustment after, it increases, and to adjust not be unconfined, the highlyest can only increase to 1.5 times of this terminal initial target bandwidth (wherein, 1.5 be the above-mentioned predefined bandwidth threshold values L that doubles).Wherein the initial target bandwidth is form and common decision of null terminator Null picture three factors of proportion in many pictures by overall system bandwidth, many pictures.
Bandwidth increases mode adjustment and also has a kind of particular processing mode, when in certain cycle time, certain terminal calculates bandwidth feature by the corresponding analysis in the step 10 and satisfies: the current goal bandwidth/initial target bandwidth＜50% (wherein, here 50 be above-mentioned predefined current bandwidth utilance threshold values Q), for the bandwidth of accelerating this terminal is regulated the speed, can force the disposable initial target bandwidth that returns to of this terminal, i.e. this moment, this terminal is increased mode adjustment amount=initial target bandwidth-current goal bandwidth.Wherein the current goal bandwidth refers to the bandwidth that the current reality of terminal encoder is compiled out.
Bandwidth reduces adjustment modes: in certain cycle time, when certain terminal calculates bandwidth feature when satisfying following 2 conditions simultaneously by the corresponding analysis in the step 10:
Overall system bandwidth redundancy rate＜=20% (wherein, 20 is the above-mentioned predefined second bandwidth availability ratio threshold values K);
This terminal current goal bandwidth＞this terminal initial target bandwidth;
Then this terminal enters bandwidth and reduces adjustment modes, and this terminal begins to calculate the adjustment amount that this reduces to adjust, its adjustment amount=this terminal initial target bandwidth * 10% (10 being aforementioned predefined amplitude of accommodation threshold values P here).Wherein bandwidth reduces to have adjusted the lowest limit, and the terminal bandwidth minimum can only reduce to the initial target bandwidth of this terminal.
Then, the adjustment amount that each terminal calculates according to self increases accordingly or reduces and adjusts, and to reach the balanced bandwidth between each terminal, improves the entire system bandwidth utilization.The bandwidth adjustment of each terminal can be carried out commanded response automatically by each terminal is set in advance instruction, adjusts the size of self bandwidth.
Above-mentioned each terminal is all carried out the bandwidth feature of each terminal of analytical calculation simultaneously with identical cycle time, and then obtains in each cycle time the adjustment amount of bandwidth separately, and each leisure of each terminal should be carried out the corresponding bandwidth adjustment in cycle time then.The overall bandwidth that used by video conferencing system described cycle time is decided; In the process that video conference is held, each terminal all is the bandwidth feature that each terminal is calculated in the circulation execution analysis, and then obtains in each cycle time the adjustment amount of bandwidth separately, and then corresponding the adjustment; So just reach each terminal and dynamically adjusted the purpose of bandwidth separately in real time.
The above embodiments only are to take to be come the bandwidth feature of each terminal is carried out analytical calculation by each terminal; By the result of each terminal, calculate the balanced bandwidth regulated quantity of determining self then according to analytical calculation; The bandwidth of self is adjusted accordingly by each terminal according to regulated quantity at last.Aforesaid operations not necessarily will be finished by terminal itself in fact, also can be by respectively at the outer setting testing apparatus of each terminal, finish by external testing apparatus the bandwidth feature of each terminal is carried out analytical calculation, according to the result of analytical calculation, calculate the balanced bandwidth regulated quantity of determining each terminal then; According to regulated quantity the bandwidth of each terminal is adjusted accordingly at last, it realizes not giving unnecessary details here with the process of taking to be finished by each terminal self.
The above only is a preferred implementation of the present invention; should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, under the prerequisite that does not break away from the principle of the invention; can also make some improvements and modifications, these improvements and modifications also should be considered as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. the balanced bandwidth method of a code stream is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
(1) external test arrangements of each terminal or each terminal is carried out analytical calculation to the bandwidth feature of each terminal respectively;
(2) according to the analysis result of step (1), the external test arrangements of each terminal or each terminal calculates the adjustment amount of self terminal bandwidth equilibrium respectively;
(3) adjustment amount that calculates according to step (2) of the external test arrangements of each terminal or each terminal adjusts accordingly the bandwidth of self terminal.
2. the balanced bandwidth method of code stream according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described step (1) specifically comprises:
(11) external test arrangements of each terminal or each terminal calculates the average quantization step value of each terminal in time phase weekly;
(12) external test arrangements of each terminal or each terminal calculates the bandwidth availability ratio of self terminal in described time phase weekly;
(13) external test arrangements of each terminal or each terminal calculates the overall bandwidth redundancy rate in described time phase weekly.
3. the balanced bandwidth method of code stream according to claim 2 is characterized in that, described step (11) further comprises:
(111) external test arrangements of each terminal or each terminal is decoded to each macro block in the video image respectively, obtains the quantization step value of each macro block;
(112) after the quantization step value addition of all macro blocks, obtain described average quantization step value divided by the macro block total number that contains in the described video image.
4. the balanced bandwidth method of code stream according to claim 2 is characterized in that, the bandwidth availability ratio in the described step (12) is tried to achieve by following formula:
The end objectives bit number in time phase of the terminal actual coding bit number in time phase of bandwidth availability ratio=weekly/weekly.
5. the balanced bandwidth method of code stream according to claim 2 is characterized in that, the overall bandwidth redundancy rate in the described step (13) is tried to achieve by following formula:
The total bit number of time phase internal object of overall bandwidth redundancy rate=(the total bit number of time phase internal object-weekly in time phase the total bit number of actual decoding) weekly/weekly;
The total bit number of wherein said target equals the target bit sum of all terminals; The total bit number of described actual decoding equals the actual decoding bit sum of all terminals.
6. the balanced bandwidth method of code stream according to claim 2 is characterized in that, described step (2) specifically comprises: at one-period in the time, if a terminal satisfies simultaneously
(a1) the average quantization step value maximum of this terminal in all terminals;
(a2) bandwidth availability ratio＞=M% of this terminal;
(a3) overall bandwidth redundancy rate＞=N%;
Then the external test arrangements of this terminal or this terminal is carried out the bandwidth increase adjustment of this terminal, the initial target bandwidth * P% of adjustment amount=this terminal; Described M is predefined bandwidth availability ratio threshold values, and N is the predefined first overall bandwidth redundancy rate threshold values, and P is predefined amplitude of accommodation threshold values.
7. the balanced bandwidth method of code stream according to claim 6 is characterized in that, the L that the described upper limit of carrying out bandwidth increase adjustment is this terminal initial target bandwidth doubly; Described L is predefined bandwidth multiplication threshold values.
8. the balanced bandwidth method of code stream according to claim 2 is characterized in that, described step (2) specifically comprises: at one-period in the time, if a terminal satisfies simultaneously
(b1) overall bandwidth redundancy rate＜=K%;
(b2) this terminal current goal bandwidth＞initial target bandwidth;
Then the external test arrangements of this terminal or this terminal bandwidth of carrying out this terminal reduces to adjust the initial target bandwidth * P% of adjustment amount=this terminal; Described K is the predefined second overall bandwidth redundancy rate threshold values, and P is predefined amplitude of accommodation threshold values.
9. the balanced bandwidth method of code stream according to claim 2, it is characterized in that, described step (2) specifically comprises: at one-period in the time, if a terminal satisfies current goal bandwidth/initial target bandwidth＜Q%, the bandwidth of then carrying out this terminal increases adjusts adjustment amount=initial target bandwidth-current goal bandwidth; Described Q is predefined current bandwidth utilance threshold values.
10. according to the balanced bandwidth method of claim 2,4,5,6,8 or 9 described code streams, it is characterized in that be predefined cycle threshold values described cycle time.
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB031534325A CN100388780C (en) | 2003-08-13 | 2003-08-13 | Code flow bandwidth equalizing method |
| PCT/CN2004/000910 WO2005018231A1 (en) | 2003-08-13 | 2004-08-06 | A method for adjust the bandwidth of bit stream |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB031534325A CN100388780C (en) | 2003-08-13 | 2003-08-13 | Code flow bandwidth equalizing method |
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| CN1581970A CN1581970A (en) | 2005-02-16 |
| CN100388780C true CN100388780C (en) | 2008-05-14 |
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| CNB031534325A Expired - Fee Related CN100388780C (en) | 2003-08-13 | 2003-08-13 | Code flow bandwidth equalizing method |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN105818562A (en) * | 2015-01-05 | 2016-08-03 | 中国科学院化学研究所 | Water-based ink printing plate material and preparation method for same |
Families Citing this family (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR100820678B1 (en) * | 2006-09-28 | 2008-04-11 | 엘지전자 주식회사 | Apparatus and method for transmitting data in digital video recorder |
| CN101179691B (en) * | 2006-11-10 | 2010-08-18 | 中兴通讯股份有限公司 | Method of extending multi-point control cell capability in session television system |
| US8887218B2 (en) * | 2007-11-29 | 2014-11-11 | Jan Maurits Nicolaas Fielibert | Systems and methods of adjusting bandwidth among multiple media streams |
| US8380790B2 (en) * | 2008-12-15 | 2013-02-19 | Microsoft Corporation | Video conference rate matching |
| US8947492B2 (en) | 2010-06-18 | 2015-02-03 | Microsoft Corporation | Combining multiple bit rate and scalable video coding |
| CN102571526B (en) * | 2010-12-08 | 2015-05-06 | 华为终端有限公司 | Regulating method of conference site bandwidth, device, conference terminal and media control server |
| CN105635734B (en) * | 2014-11-03 | 2019-04-12 | 掌赢信息科技（上海）有限公司 | Adaptive video coding method and device based on video calling scene |
| CN116094969B (en) * | 2022-12-23 | 2024-03-29 | 中国联合网络通信集团有限公司 | Bandwidth adjustment method, device, equipment and storage medium |
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| CN1218592A (en) * | 1996-03-18 | 1999-06-02 | 通用仪器公司 | Dynamic bandwidth allocation for communication network |
| CN1220075A (en) * | 1996-02-29 | 1999-06-16 | 西门子商业通讯系统公司 | Dynamic allocation of telecommunications resources |
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| WO1993007727A1 (en) * | 1991-10-11 | 1993-04-15 | Digital Access Corporation | Dial-up bridging method and apparatus therefor |
| US5594725A (en) * | 1995-12-28 | 1997-01-14 | Vtel Corporation | Process and system for video rate control in a multipoint video conference |
| US5963547A (en) * | 1996-09-18 | 1999-10-05 | Videoserver, Inc. | Method and apparatus for centralized multipoint conferencing in a packet network |
| US6611503B1 (en) * | 1998-05-22 | 2003-08-26 | Tandberg Telecom As | Method and apparatus for multimedia conferencing with dynamic bandwidth allocation |
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2003
- 2003-08-13 CN CNB031534325A patent/CN100388780C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH08331124A (en) * | 1995-05-26 | 1996-12-13 | At & T Ipm Corp | Variable communication bandwidth for conference call start |
| CN1220075A (en) * | 1996-02-29 | 1999-06-16 | 西门子商业通讯系统公司 | Dynamic allocation of telecommunications resources |
| CN1218592A (en) * | 1996-03-18 | 1999-06-02 | 通用仪器公司 | Dynamic bandwidth allocation for communication network |
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| CN105818562A (en) * | 2015-01-05 | 2016-08-03 | 中国科学院化学研究所 | Water-based ink printing plate material and preparation method for same |
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| CN1581970A (en) | 2005-02-16 |
| WO2005018231A1 (en) | 2005-02-24 |
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