CN100386722C - Device and method for automatically generating automation software - Google Patents

Device and method for automatically generating automation software Download PDF

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Publication number
CN100386722C
CN100386722C CNB038077671A CN03807767A CN100386722C CN 100386722 C CN100386722 C CN 100386722C CN B038077671 A CNB038077671 A CN B038077671A CN 03807767 A CN03807767 A CN 03807767A CN 100386722 C CN100386722 C CN 100386722C
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data
software
advance
given
knowledge
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CN1647033A (en
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沃纳·霍夫勒
迈克尔·蒂格尔坎普
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Siemens AG
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Siemens AG
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06FELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F8/00Arrangements for software engineering
    • G06F8/30Creation or generation of source code
    • G06F8/34Graphical or visual programming

Abstract

A device and a method for automatically generating automation software, having a generator ( 10 ) that includes at least one software generator ( 11 ) and a project generator ( 12 ). A development environment ( 14 ) is generated by the software generator ( 11 ) by using first data, particularly planning data ( 17 ), program knowledge ( 18 ) and administration knowledge ( 19 ), and control software ( 15 ) can be generated with the project generator ( 12 ), using the development environment ( 14 ) and using second data, particularly planning data ( 17 ), experimental data ( 20 ), and hardware knowledge ( 21 ).

Description

Automatically generate the apparatus and method of automated software
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind ofly be used for generating automatically automated software or especially such as the device of parts such as structure.The invention still further relates to a kind of method that is used for generating automatically this automated software.
Background technology
In German patent application DE 10206691 early, disclose and a kind ofly used at least one to be stored in service method in the computer memory by the user.At this, service is meant according to user personality software is provided.The user logins the administrative unit that service access is monitored and describes desired service.Then, administrative unit is determined each required ingredient in order to call corresponding to the service of this description, and generates software by these ingredients.In addition, administrative unit also be required each single ingredient permission database corresponding to this user's permission data set in generate clauses and subclauses.
In German patent application DE 10209640 early, a kind of method that generates automated procedures by maker from HMI (man-machine interface) program is disclosed, the structure of wherein said maker identification HMI program, and be the structure of automated procedures with this Structure Conversion.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to be reduced at the flow process that produces in the automated software process.
This process simplification when producing automated software is to realize with the device that provides in the claim 1.For this reason, be provided with a kind of device of automatic generation automated software, it has a maker that comprises at least one software generator and a project maker, wherein by this software generator utilization can be given in advance or given in advance first data, especially for example planning data, program knowledge and managerial knowledge, can generate a development environment, and second data that can be given in advance or given in advance under the condition of using this development environment by the utilization of project generator, especially for example planning data, empirical data and hardware knowledge can generate Control Software.This simplification can be finished by the corresponding method of definition in the claim 7 equally.
The present invention is based on following understanding, the subsequent development of software is conceived to replenish the performance characteristic that other can make the user simplify with imagining or accelerate to solve actual task all the time.But the present invention places outstanding status with this task, and can be automatically, optimally generate automated software for solving this task.At this, when the visit different types of data, make full use of the method for present existence.By effective searching algorithm, as when utilizing the internet, using, can be at can searching the data of being stored by answer data given in advance or given in advance, as describing the data that obtain according to such as the task of answer data forms such as " brewery ", " steel rolling mill " time.In addition, also consider the trend at standardization of application interface.These interfaces allow the cad data according to following form is handled again, promptly by this cad data and the library information that is connected with each data set logic of these cad datas, can obtain to be included in all components in the technical process for the treatment of robotization, as motor, valve, limit switch etc.By rule given in advance or can be given in advance, each parts can be corresponding to actuator or type of sensor.The robotization hardware output terminal of suitable quantity is set for each actuator, the input end of suitable quantity is set for each sensor, thereby pending thus data space begins to take shape, and especially can be according to the principle core out automation equipment such as counting yield and memory capacity.
On the contrary, automated software can utilize common on the market, universal standard development environment to produce.This standard development environment is the same with mass-producted clothes to provide multiple function and service, and need not to consider the individual demand of unique user at this.According to the present invention,, under the condition of using this development environment that generates separately, generate Control Software subsequently in order to generate automated software automatically or, at first to generate independent development environment especially such as parts such as structures.
Control Software is meant those controls and/or monitors concrete technical process and comprise the automated software that carries out graphical user's guiding by operation and observing system or man-machine interface (HMI) where necessary, described technical process for example is a production line, as milling train or a series of assembling automatic machine tool.
Independent development environment be meant be useful on and generate the required parts of Control Software (as the ingredient in storehouse or storehouse etc.), be used to control the driver of particular procedure or automation component (as network connectivity, communication interface etc.) and the converse routine that is used to generate the Control Software that can on target hardware, carry out according to the type of compiler, interpreter etc.
Preferred structure of the present invention provides in the dependent claims.According to these preferred structures, maker also comprises the equipment disposition device, and by this equipment disposition device utilization can be given in advance or given in advance the 3rd data, especially for example hardware knowledge can obtain the configuration of robotization hardware.Finished the automatic generation of automated software thus, wherein at first generated development environment and generate actual Control Software under the condition of using this development environment, this Control Software can utilize the configuration of robotization hardware directly to move.
Description of drawings
By accompanying drawing embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below.Corresponding components is used identical Reference numeral in the accompanying drawing.Wherein:
Fig. 1 utilizes required data to generate the synoptic diagram of automated software automatically,
Various method steps when Fig. 2 shows automatic generation automated software,
Data flow figure when Fig. 3 shows automatic generation automated software.
Embodiment
Fig. 1 illustrate with schematic outline have software generator 11, the maker 10 of project maker 12 and equipment disposition device 13.
Software generator 11 is used to generate development environment 14 and project maker 12, to generate Control Software 15.Equipment disposition device 13 is used for determining suitable configuration 16, so as on robotization hardware running control software 15.Unshowned robotization hardware is meant single automation equipment, as storer programmable control device or process computer, or such equipment and the peripheral access device that for example disperses and/or being connected of control computer with production schedule function for example.In case of necessity, also by each is disposed 16, promptly configuration data sends to robotization hardware to equipment disposition device 13, and oneself carries out the configuration of robotization hardware.Control Software 15 control robotization hardware, and control thus and/or monitoring technique process (not shown), as sealing wire (automobile production or the like) or milling train (steel production).
Generate development environment 14 by software generator 11 and undertaken, especially by for example planning data 17, program knowledge 18 and managerial knowledge 19 by first data that can be given in advance or given in advance.Planning data 17 comprises the data such as construction data, as the data of being handled or having been generated by CAD system.In addition, planning data 17 also can comprise task description and/or problem description and/or the data of the project of having carried out.Program knowledge 18 comprises function data, as performance range or utilizability, structure, version and/or the correlativity between each function for example.Managerial knowledge 19 comprises the data of the data that are used for use and management, the data that are used to calculate and/or update service.
Analyze operational each first data by software generator 11.Can determine the driving of the frequency adjustment that in technical process, exists by for example construction data.Such driving requires special actuator.These actuators need special software to control again.Be the necessary component of the development environment 14 that will produce automatically thus as determined software as requested.By task or problem description, particularly, utilize part task or subproblem in conjunction with the data of the project of having carried out, carried out under the condition of the processing in the project in consideration in case of necessity, can determine which ingredient is necessary to development environment 14 in addition.Concerning each development environment 14 needed ingredient, can determine which ingredient by program knowledge 18, be necessary as software module, storehouse or the like to development environment 14.For this reason, the data of the data of access function scope or structure for example.Usually, the ingredient that development environment 14 needs also needs to receive other ingredient, because have correlativity between required ingredient and other each ingredient, for example imports relation.For this reason, for example visit correlation data or structured data.In addition, must guarantee to enter the compatibility of the ingredient of development environment 14.For this reason, for example visit version and/or correlation data.At last, must guarantee the availability of each required ingredient and renewal in case of necessity.For this reason, need visit use and management data and/or update service data.In order to calculate the application of applied ingredient or ingredient, need the visit computational data.At last, after considering all operational first data, produce development environment 14 with each task that proposes or problem coupling.
Under the condition of Application development environ-ment 14, second data that utilization can be given in advance or given in advance generate Control Software 15 by project maker 12, especially utilize for example planning data 17 and empirical data 20 and hardware knowledge 21.By planning data 17,,, can determine the structure of Control Software 15 at required function and the order of calling these functions in case of necessity in conjunction with the data of the project of having carried out especially by for example task and problem description.The data of the project of carrying out are detailed more, just can utilize programmed instruction to fill determined structure widely more.If can not generate such programmed instruction automatically, then can utilize the such information form of comment line (for example with) to come interstitital texture at least, this information provides about the information of which operation is arranged on the particular location of Control Software 15 to the programmer in follow-up processing procedure again.
Empirical data 20 comprises the data of expert for example or branch's domain knowledge.Such data also can be considered current trend.By these data, for example can determine the field apparatus that the field apparatus of explosion protection is set or has special protection type, for example IP65 automatically in critical industrial environment.These field apparatuss are the special solutions that provide for each supplier with respect to pattern field equipment.If can obtain for example to have the standard field apparatus of the channel granularity of 1 or 2 bits (digital I/O), then can provide and have only for example specific field device of 8 bits and 16 bits (digital I/O) of seldom configuration.That is to say that under the condition of considering branch field or expertise, can provide the another kind configuration of field apparatus, this configuration is different from the configuration of not considering under these information states.If determine one or more field apparatuss, then also need the Control Software 15 of controlling these field apparatuss is mated accordingly with specific field device of 8 digital I/O channels as needs.
Select in addition or as another kind of, empirical data 20 can also comprise having for example manufacturer storehouse (Herstellerbibliothek) of template solution.By these template solutions, the structure of the automatic generation that can utilize suitable procedure to instruct to fill Control Software 15 is for example to guarantee the proper operation of concrete field apparatus.
At last, empirical data 20 can also comprise experience database.From such experience database, can extract for similar problem or subproblem or similar tasks or part task produce specifically, the information of the automated software that generates automatically in case of necessity.Thus, according to the type of development strategy, suitable solution and unsuitable or suitable inadequately solution can be made a distinction.For each Control Software 16, preferably check its applicability to being considered to suitable solution.
Empirical data 20 can be continuously updated, because the Control Software of each generation 16 all provides empirical data 20 new, that can be used for subsequent project.
Each programmed instruction in the Control Software 15 is all at the control of robotization hardware.For the correct control of each automation component of guaranteeing robotization hardware or robotization hardware, the I/O assembly that from technical process, receives data or send control information for example to technical process, second data also comprise hardware knowledge 21.By hardware knowledge 21, for example can determine which measure need be used to activate the specific output of the particular field device of robotization hardware.Thus, can generate corresponding programmed instruction automatically for Control Software 15, for example to activate the 3rd output of field apparatus.Field apparatus is connected with center automation equipment, for example storer programmable control device by fieldbus usually.By hardware knowledge, can generate the programmed instruction that host-host protocol is used for each fieldbus of using automatically for Control Software 15.
Can under the condition of using the 3rd data, for example hardware knowledge 21, generate configuration 16 automatically by equipment disposition device 13.In the process that generates Control Software 16, provide the type and the scope of required robotization hardware.After this for example known, must by which performance, for example processing speed or memory capacity are used the center automation equipment.Thus, can determine which automation equipment satisfies these requirements by belonging to catalogue data hardware knowledge 21, that relate to manufacturer in case of necessity.After determining concrete automation equipment in this way, can also how determine and in which scope, dispose automation equipment by other hardware knowledge 21.By the requirement of Control Software 15, can determine each required configuration 16, and be sent to this automation equipment according to suitable form where necessary.Equally, also from the scope of required robotization hardware and type, provide, whether must connect and which type of form to interconnect each automation component by fieldbus according to.Based on providing the data transmission rate of fieldbus by the desired data space of Control Software 15 acquisitions.Data transmission rate influences employed agreement sometimes.Determine in this way, be placed into equally in the configuration 16 at the configuration data of agreement and data transmission rate.Then, the assembly transmission configuration 16 to each robotization hardware also comprises each automation equipment that is connected with fieldbus of configuration.
After all these steps, produced the automated software of automatic generation, this software comprises development environment 14, Control Software 15 and configuration in case of necessity 16.At this, the automatic generation of the first data influence development environment 14.Second data and development environment 14 influence the automatic generation of Control Software 15.The automatic generation of the 3rd data and Control Software 15 influence configurations 16.That is to say that each change of first data all can influence development environment 14 for this reason, and therefore affect indirectly Control Software 15 and configuration 16 at least.Accordingly, each change of second data all can influence Control Software 15 and affect indirectly configuration 16 at least.At last, each change of the 3rd data all can influence configuration 16.As the change of first, second or the 3rd data, be interpreted as the change of the scope and/or the utilizability of each data, and the renewal of each data.Above-mentioned change is certainly only relating to those used or just influenced during adaptable data automatic generation when generating automatically automated software.
Iterative process when by Fig. 2 as can be seen, being given in automatic generation automated software together.First method step 22 comprise determine the institute use or adaptable first, second with the 3rd data.This first method step 22 comprise by describe will robotization technical process (for example planning data 17) are manually described.Select in addition or as another kind of, this first method step 22 also comprises the data that importing can import or a kind of method that imports these data is provided.At last, first method step 22 can also comprise the selection that imports the interface or determine, can import first, second or the 3rd data by this interface.
Second method step 23 comprises automatic generation development environment 14, Control Software 15 and configuration in case of necessity 16.Third party's method step 24 comprises by development environment 14 to be handled and expands Control Software 15.In cubic method step 25, send the automated software that is generated, Control Software 15 and configuration in case of necessity 16 just to robotization hardware.
The user can change in each method step 22-24, and then generates automated software again automatically.The user can frequently implement various method steps and the coupling that wherein needs or replenish, until the automated software that obtains at last finishing.The scope of first, second and the 3rd data is extensive more, and the automated softwares that generate automatically by maker 10 are just detailed more.The user replenishes the ingredient or the sequence of the automated software that can not generate automatically in third party's method step 24.At this, the note that the user adds according to the method support that is set to the non-automatic formation sequence in the Control Software 15 automatically.These notes comprise the explanation of the function of non-automatic formation sequence and preferably comprise explanation to the data that are used for non-automatic formation sequence.
Maker 10 produces the automated software of determining separately.For for example new function, upgrade the automated software that is produced automatically.That is to say in development environment 14, can utilize this new function, thereby this new function also can become the ingredient of the Control Software 15 of last generation where necessary.The user has saved the management role in software, project and storehouse thus.As additional information, write down which data, just which function is that to generate automated software automatically actual required.Thus, the contingent license fee of the concrete calculating of performance that drops into by reality.The supplier of automated software; may be that the supplier who is used to produce the development environment of automated software will avoid such necessity; promptly must with different, also keep and support to have respectively the dispersion software package of different performance scope and envelop of function usually, because automated software and each development environment thus are to generate separately according to user's specific requirement as the version that disperses software package.
Fig. 3 is illustrated in the data flow diagram in the automatic generation automated software process.Similar to Fig. 1, show at the center have software generator, the maker 10 of project maker 12 and equipment disposition device 13.Maker 10 is handled input data 26 and is produced output data 27.Input data 27 comprise first, second and the 3rd data.First data comprise planning data 17, program knowledge 18 and managerial knowledge 19 again.Second data comprise planning data 17, empirical data 20 and hardware knowledge 21.The 3rd data comprise hardware knowledge 21 at least.
By first data that can be given in advance or given in advance, software generator 11 generates development environment 14.By second data that can be given in advance or given in advance and under the condition of Application development environ-ment 14, project maker 12 generates Control Software 15.Equipment disposition device 13 generates the configuration 16 of each robotization hardware at last by the 3rd data that can be given in advance or given in advance.
The possible material impact of user is to provide and complete suitable first, second and the 3rd data on the one hand, is that on the other hand the user can import 28 form and influence automatic generation by manually replenishing or revising in each method step 22-25 (Fig. 2).
In order to handle input data 26, for maker 10 is provided with pretreater 29.This pretreater 29 has guaranteed to import the possibility of first, second or the 3rd data, wherein define an interface and visit these data, perhaps these data are converted to and are applicable to the form of for example further handling by software generator 11 or project maker 12.
In addition, pretreater 29 is also considered the given in advance of the rule database that do not illustrate separately or rule that can be given in advance, and the rule that particularly can change thus and can expand.By these rules of selecting and using automatically as required, can analyze and handle first, second and the 3rd data.
Article one, such rule for example is: maybe need the field apparatus that disperses if be provided with, then must carry out fieldbus between the field apparatus of this field apparatus or each dispersion and center automation equipment and connect.And Else Rule for example relates to the type that fieldbus connects at accessible maximum data throughput.Other rules may for example influence the application of the automation component of protectiveness.Article one, such rule for example may be: in process continuous, that especially can not interrupt, automation component protectiveness or fault-tolerant must be set.But such rule is the example of an extension rule, but the user for example can provide in this extension rule: the chemical process that is used to refine crude oil is this process that continuously, can not interrupt.Whether current technical process is the process that is used to refine crude oil, and this is by first data, and especially for example task or problem description provide by planning data.
If total data has standardized sign and this sign can be identified, then can simplify the automatic processing of first, second and the 3rd data, have a selection or the like of the determining of relation, matched rule each other.The form of such sign is preferably followed standard existing or that described.Therefore, for example W3C (World Wide Web Consortium) at message format and message, be used for the directory service (UDDI) that stores service describes and the language (WSDL) that is used for service describing to web services, just provide the service that maybe can call to standardize on the internet.
Such standard also can be used for the identification and the correspondence of first, second and the 3rd data.
Like this, in planning data 17, be the data allocations sign of the project of having carried out, this sign provides the explanation that utilizes which software function to plan each ingredient or sequence.Again these ingredients or sequence are used for new Control Software 15 if consider the back now, then can determine, which function must be set in development environment 14 operate ingredient or the sequence that to take over by this sign.
The sign of standardization of application is discerned and to being applied to generate the data of automated software automatically and another example of information relates to planning data 17 and relates to construction data more accurately, as the construction data that provides by the CAD program, with hardware knowledge 21, as products catalogue data (Katalogdaten).If that construction data has is unique, provide the sign that contains information for example to use and each assembly of functionalization (for example motor, valve, such as sensor of probe or grating or the like), then can be according to characteristic of correspondence search directory data or the project of having carried out, and carry out selection therein at target.
The sign of the above-mentioned type for example can relate to
-branch field, application, product,
-manufacturing principle (conveying belt, conduit ...),
-project structureization (technology, function, towards CPU's ...),
-programming language or programmed method (towards flow process, continuous, contact plan, function plan)
-regular algorithm, parameter of regularity,
-minute process (conveying belt control, stirring, heating, compacting, bending or the like)
-other.
All data that need all offer maker 10 by standard interface and standard network.An example is extendible declarative language ebXML.EbXML is used for developing on the internet business procedure.There are message format and message replacing, login service and reset the standard of service and the template of specific business object and process.With web services and current to carry out the basis that message sends with ebXML all be simple object Access Protocol (SOAP), this be a kind of based on XML, be used for communication protocol at RPC or message, this agreement encapsulates with HTTP usually, and guarantees reliable message.
W3C at message format and message, be used for the directory service (UDDI) that stores service describes and the language (WSDL) that is used for service describing standardizes to web services.
Identifying development environment and/or Control Software 15 as the ingredient that needs to determine after, these ingredients of search in first, second and the 3rd data, and select suitable ingredient and use.Spendable prerequisite is the thin modular structure of software and each ingredient, and this structure allows the combination of software and each ingredient by predefined interface.
In order further to generate Control Software 15, the at first project of having carried out in the access plan data 17.Selection in a plurality of projects of having carried out will be conceived to carry out with each specific requirement is consistent as much as possible.Ingredient of taking over from the project of having carried out or sequence form the basis of the automated software that will produce.This basis can replenish with the ingredient that suitably obtains from other projects of having carried out, manufacturer storehouse, products catalogue or the like.
Control Software 15 can be made up of program single, that can irrelevantly generate mutually and implement.For control technology process together, need communicate between the incoherent program on these principles usually.Avenues of communication possible between each program obtains by planning data 17, and sets up (.net, Ethernet etc.) by standard mechanism.
At last, maker 10 also comprises the protocol element 30 that is used to write down applied data.Recorded data also comprises the data of this software ingredient or the software ingredient that each adopted, and whether has used these software ingredients when generating development environment 14 or generating Control Software 15.By these data can visit maintain the server at center, especially can be by the management system on the server of internet access 31 after, under the condition of considering applied data, generate bill 32 for the user.
Thus, the present invention can be described below tout court:
The present invention has broken away from inflexible program and the storehouse that is used to deal with problems and has replenished the input data.In contrast, the invention provides suitable data or to the visit of these data, utilize these data generate at first automatically single, at the development environment 14 of concrete automation issues, then under the condition of using this development environment 14, generate actual Control Software 15 automatically.At this, can make full use of by internet and standardized program or data interface (for example XML) to up to now also the project of the information of the local planning tool that keeps etc. and storehouse or existence carry out the possibility of data access.At this, the boundary condition of each automation plan has formed the output of the element single, that generate automatically of automated software, as the control program 15 of reality, the HMI program of replenishing in case of necessity and other equipment disposition 16.

Claims (8)

1. device that is used for generating automatically automated software, it has a maker (10) that comprises at least one software generator (11), a project maker (12) and an equipment disposition device (13), wherein,
-utilize first data can be given in advance or given in advance, that comprise planning data (17), program knowledge (18) by this software generator (11), generate automatically development environment (14) and
-under the condition of using this development environment (14), utilize second data can be given in advance or given in advance, that comprise planning data (17), empirical data (20) by project generator (12), generate Control Software (15) automatically, and
-utilize the 3rd data can be given in advance or given in advance, that comprise hardware knowledge (21) by this equipment disposition device (13), can determine the configuration (16) of robotization hardware automatically.
2. device according to claim 1, wherein, described first data also comprise managerial knowledge (19).
3. device according to claim 1, wherein, described second data also comprise hardware knowledge (21).
4. according to one of aforesaid right requirement described device, wherein, described Control Software (16) comprises man-machine interface.
5. method that automatically generates automated software, it utilizes a maker (10) that comprises at least one software generator (11), a project maker (12) and an equipment disposition device (13), wherein,
-this software generator (11) utilizes first data can be given in advance or given in advance, that comprise planning data (17), program knowledge (18), generate automatically a development environment (14) and
-this project generator (12) utilizes second data can be given in advance or given in advance, that comprise planning data (17), empirical data (20) under the condition of using this development environment (14), generate Control Software (15) automatically, and
-this equipment disposition device (13) utilizes the 3rd data can be given in advance or given in advance, that comprise hardware knowledge (21), determines and carry out where necessary the configuration (16) of robotization hardware.
6. method according to claim 5, wherein, described first data also comprise managerial knowledge (19).
7. method according to claim 5, wherein, described second data also comprise hardware knowledge (21).
8. according to each described method in the claim 5 to 7, wherein, described Control Software (16) comprises man-machine interface.
CNB038077671A 2002-04-02 2003-04-02 Device and method for automatically generating automation software Expired - Fee Related CN100386722C (en)

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