CN100386618C - 吸湿孔隙比试验方法 - Google Patents

吸湿孔隙比试验方法 Download PDF

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CN100386618C
CN100386618C CNB2005100191156A CN200510019115A CN100386618C CN 100386618 C CN100386618 C CN 100386618C CN B2005100191156 A CNB2005100191156 A CN B2005100191156A CN 200510019115 A CN200510019115 A CN 200510019115A CN 100386618 C CN100386618 C CN 100386618C
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陈善雄
余颂
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Anhui Transport Consulting and Design Institute Co Ltd
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Wuhan Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics of CAS
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种吸湿孔隙比试验方法。该方法包括下列步骤：首先是选择风干土样，碾碎过筛，烘干，取出放入干燥缸内冷却至室温；其次是采用天平称取土样；第三是向量筒内注入纯水，并加入纯氯化钠溶液；第四是将备好的试样土倒入量筒内，搅拌，用纯水淋洗搅拌器和量筒壁，静置；第五是待悬液澄清后，测读土面高度。该方法简单、易操作，指标更客观，数据稳定可靠、重现性好，易于推广应用。

Description

吸湿孔隙比试验方法
技术领域
本发明涉及膨胀土判别领域，更具体涉及一种土壤物理指标-自由吸湿孔隙比的试验方法，适用于膨胀土判别与分类。
背景技术
膨胀土的胀缩等级评判是进行膨胀土处治的首要任务。多年来，我国有关行业和部门自行选用了一些与膨胀土的膨胀和收缩直接或间接有关的指标对膨胀土进行了分类，如自由膨胀率、液限、塑性指数，粘粒含量、蒙脱石含量、比表面积、阳离子交换量等等，导致分类结果也有较大的区别。《膨胀土地区建筑技术规范》颁布后，将原来的膨胀土分类简化到了仅用自由膨胀率一个指标。一直以来，人们不断地对自由膨胀率的科学性和可靠性提出质疑。权威人士指出：“自由膨胀率不是理想的判别膨胀土的指标。”2001年的《铁路工程岩土分类标准》，对膨胀土的分类标准进行了较大的修改，利用了土质学、土壤的电化学理论，合理地选择了反映膨胀土本质的参数。建议膨胀土的分类采用自由膨胀率、蒙脱石含量、阳离子交换量三项指标。
自由膨胀率系指人工制备的烘干土，在水中增加的体积与原体积的比。由于自由膨胀率测试过程中人为因素干扰较多，例如阳高样的1-2μm粒级，10ml体积土质量约为5g；高岭样则约4g，这说明用标准量筒量取的土样的密度相差很大；即便对同一种土而言，不同操作人员土的碾细不同也会导致10ml土样的质量存在较大差别。故对该指标的可靠性及能在多大程度上反映膨胀土的本质等方面，一直存在着争议，虽然其测试方法简单，但不能较好地反映膨胀土本质和指标的重现性差。
蒙脱石含量、阳离子交换量指标测试则极其不方便，不利于在工程中推广应用。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种吸湿孔隙比试验方法，该方法简便、便捷，易于推广，数据稳定可靠，重现性好。
本发明所采用的技术方案是：提出了自由吸湿孔隙比定义，并提供相应的试验方法。为了克服自由膨胀率、蒙脱石含量、阳离子交换量等作为膨胀土的胀缩等级评判指标的不足，本发明提出一种膨胀土的胀缩性的评判指标-自由吸湿孔隙比，并提供相应试验方法。自由吸湿孔隙比是指以人工制备的松散的、干燥的试样，在纯水中自由吸水膨胀稳定后的孔隙比。虽然自由吸湿孔隙比是一个简单的参数，但却包含了深刻的内涵，它与土壤的表面积、矿物成分、阳离子以及水与土壤相互作用的程度都息息相关，能够反映膨胀土的本质。该方法采取用高精度天平称重的方法，避免了标准量筒量取土样的密度差异。
自由吸湿孔隙比是指以人工制备的松散的、干燥的试样，在纯水中自由吸水膨胀稳定后的孔隙比。用公式表达为： e ef = ρ w G s V we g 0 - 1 , 式中，eef-自由吸湿孔隙比；ρw-纯水的重度；Gs-土样的比重；Vwe-土样在纯水中膨胀稳定后的体积；g0-试验土样重量。
试验方法：①选择有代表性的风干土样100g，碾碎后全部过0.4-0.6mm筛，于105～110℃温度下烘干至恒量，取出放入干燥缸内冷却至室温(20-25℃)；②采用精度0.01g天平称取土样若干(大约为10g)；③向40-60ml的量筒内注入25-35ml纯水，并加入4-6ml浓度为4-6％的纯氯化钠溶液；④将备好的试样土徐徐倒入量筒内，用搅拌器上下搅拌各9-11次，用纯水淋洗搅拌器和量筒壁至悬液达40-60ml，静置22-26h；⑤待悬液澄清后，每隔1-3h测读1次土面高度(估读至0.1ml)，直至6h内2次读数差值不超过0.2ml为止，此时读数即为土样在纯水中膨胀稳定后的体积。
本发明与现有技术相比，具有以下优点和效果：所提出的自由吸湿孔隙比是膨胀土的一个特征指标，充分表征了膨胀土的胀缩特性，可作为膨胀土的胀缩性的评判指标。该方法采取用高精度天平称重的方法，避免了标准量筒量取土样的密度差异而导致测试指标的误差，指标更客观，数据稳定可靠、重现性好，方法简单、便捷，易于推广应用。
具体实施方式
自由吸湿孔孔隙比试验方法步骤如下：
①将试验土样风干；
②选择有代表性的风干土样100g，碾碎后全部过0.5mm筛，于105℃温度下烘干至恒量。取出放入干燥缸内冷却至室温；
③采用精度0.01g天平称取土样10g；
④向50ml的量筒内注入30ml纯水，并加入5ml浓度为5％的纯氯化钠溶液；
⑤将备好的试样徐徐倒入量筒内，用搅拌器上下搅拌各10次，用纯水淋洗搅拌器和量筒壁至悬液达50ml，静置24h；
⑥待悬液澄清后，每隔2h测读1次土面高度(估读至0.1ml)，直至6h内2次读数差值不超过0.2ml为止，此时读数即为土样在纯水中膨胀稳定后的体积。
⑦平行试验3组。
试验指标计算
①按公式 e ef = ρ w G s V we g 0 - 1 计算每组试验的自由吸湿孔隙比(式中，eef-自由吸湿孔隙比；ρw-纯水的重度；Gs-土样的比重，根据比重试验确定；Vwe-土样在纯水中膨胀稳定后的体积；g0-试验土样重量。
②取3组试验的自由吸湿孔隙比的平均值作为试样的自由吸湿孔隙比。
发明者曾利用合肥膨胀土(试样取自合肥-六安高速公路沿线膨胀土路段)进行了自由吸湿孔隙比试验，成果列于表1。从表1可以看出，取不同质量的土样进行试验，自由吸湿孔隙比的变异系数仅0.01-0.05，数据稳定可靠、重现性好。划分为中膨胀土的自由吸湿孔隙比均在300％以上，划分为弱膨胀土的自由吸湿孔隙比在250％-300％，显示出良好的聚类特性。试验表明：自由吸湿孔隙比是膨胀土的一个特征指标，能充分表征了膨胀土的胀缩特性，可作为膨胀土的胀缩性的评判指标。
表1合肥膨胀土自由吸湿孔隙比试验成果表
Figure C20051001911500071

Claims (1)

1.一种吸湿孔隙比试验方法，自由吸湿孔隙比系指以人工制备的松散的、干燥的试样，在纯水中自由吸水膨胀稳定后的孔隙比，其特征在于，试验方法包括下列步骤：
A、选择风干土样，碾碎后过0.4-0.6mm筛，于105～110℃温度下烘干至恒量，取出放入干燥缸内冷却至室温；
B、采用精度0.01g天平称取土样10g；
C、向40-60ml的量筒内注入25-35ml纯水，并加入4-6ml浓度为4-6％的纯氯化钠溶液；
D、将备好的试样土倒入量筒内，用搅拌器上下搅拌各9-11次，用纯水淋洗搅拌器和量筒壁至悬液达40-60ml，静置22-26h；
E、待悬液澄清后，每隔1-3h测读1次土面高度，直至6h内2次读数差值不超过0.2ml为止，此时读数即为土样在纯水中膨胀稳定后的体积；
F、按公式 e ef = ρ w G s V we g 0 - 1 计算土的自由吸湿孔隙比，式中eef-自由吸湿孔隙比；ρw-纯水的重度；Gs-土样的比重；Vwe-土样在纯水中膨胀稳定后的体积；g0-试验土样重量。
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CN102401778B (zh) * 2011-04-20 2013-10-30 河海大学 膨胀土胀缩表征参数的测量装置及其测量方法

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106769649A (zh) * 2016-12-14 2017-05-31 河南理工大学 一种湿式散体堆积密度及孔隙比的测定方法

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