CN100380016C - Damper and washing machine having the damper - Google Patents

Damper and washing machine having the damper Download PDF

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Publication number
CN100380016C
CN100380016C CNB2005100833694A CN200510083369A CN100380016C CN 100380016 C CN100380016 C CN 100380016C CN B2005100833694 A CNB2005100833694 A CN B2005100833694A CN 200510083369 A CN200510083369 A CN 200510083369A CN 100380016 C CN100380016 C CN 100380016C
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
supporting element
damping force
friction
washing machine
vibration damper
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Fee Related
Application number
CNB2005100833694A
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Chinese (zh)
Other versions
CN1721724A (en
Inventor
朴宽龙
朴承哲
金宰贤
全时汶
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LG Electronics Inc
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LG Electronics Inc
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Publication date
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Publication of CN1721724A publication Critical patent/CN1721724A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of CN100380016C publication Critical patent/CN100380016C/en
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06FLAUNDERING, DRYING, IRONING, PRESSING OR FOLDING TEXTILE ARTICLES
    • D06F37/00Details specific to washing machines covered by groups D06F21/00 - D06F25/00
    • D06F37/20Mountings, e.g. resilient mountings, for the rotary receptacle, motor, tub or casing; Preventing or damping vibrations
    • D06F37/22Mountings, e.g. resilient mountings, for the rotary receptacle, motor, tub or casing; Preventing or damping vibrations in machines with a receptacle rotating or oscillating about a horizontal axis
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06FLAUNDERING, DRYING, IRONING, PRESSING OR FOLDING TEXTILE ARTICLES
    • D06F37/00Details specific to washing machines covered by groups D06F21/00 - D06F25/00
    • D06F37/20Mountings, e.g. resilient mountings, for the rotary receptacle, motor, tub or casing; Preventing or damping vibrations
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06FLAUNDERING, DRYING, IRONING, PRESSING OR FOLDING TEXTILE ARTICLES
    • D06F39/00Details of washing machines not specific to a single type of machines covered by groups D06F9/00 - D06F27/00 
    • D06F39/12Casings; Tubs
    • D06F39/125Supporting arrangements for the casing, e.g. rollers or legs
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16FSPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F15/00Suppression of vibrations in systems; Means or arrangements for avoiding or reducing out-of-balance forces, e.g. due to motion
    • F16F15/02Suppression of vibrations of non-rotating, e.g. reciprocating systems; Suppression of vibrations of rotating systems by use of members not moving with the rotating systems
    • F16F15/03Suppression of vibrations of non-rotating, e.g. reciprocating systems; Suppression of vibrations of rotating systems by use of members not moving with the rotating systems using magnetic or electromagnetic means
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02BCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B40/00Technologies aiming at improving the efficiency of home appliances, e.g. induction cooking or efficient technologies for refrigerators, freezers or dish washers

Abstract

A damper includes a cylinder; a piston rod disposed to be movable linearly in the cylinder; a friction unit disposed to be movable in a radial direction inside the cylinder and generating a damping force by rubbing on an inner circumferential surface of the cylinder; and a damping force control unit mounted at the piston rod and controlling a damping force by moving the friction unit in the radial direction. A desired damping force is generated at a desired point such that a strong damping force can be generated at an interval where excessive vibration is generated and zero or a weak damping force can be generated at a normal interval, to thereby reduce vibration and noise of a washing machine.

Description

Vibration damper and the washing machine of this vibration damper is housed
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of vibration damper of washing machine, be particularly related to a kind of vibration damper, it produces stronger damping force by the time lag when producing undue oscillation, and with the vibration time lag hour produce zero or more weak damping force reduce the vibration and the noise of washing machine.
Background technique
Fig. 1 is the sectional view of common roller washing machine.
The roller washing machine of correlation technique comprises: casing 2, and it forms external form; Steel ladle 4, it is arranged in the casing 2 and stores wash water; Cylinder 6, it can be rotatably set in inboard and washing, the dehydration clothing of steel ladle 4; And drive motor 10, it is arranged on the rear side of steel ladle 4 and fetches mutually by live axle 8 and cylinder 6 and makes cylinder 6 rotation.
Inlet 12 (allow clothing put into or take out by this inlet) is formed on the front side of casing 2, and is used for 14 of opening/closing this inlet 12 and is configured in 12 the front side of entering the mouth.
Steel ladle 4 communicates with the inlet 12 of casing 2, a plurality of supported springs 16 are installed between the last inwall of the top of this steel ladle 4 and this casing 2, a plurality of vibration dampers 18 are installed between the following inwall of the bottom of this steel ladle 4 and this casing 2, with the vibration that reduces to produce from steel ladle 4 transmission to casing 2.
Fig. 2 is the sectional view of vibration damper of the washing machine of correlation technique.
The vibration damper 18 of the washing machine of correlation technique comprises: cylindrical shell, and it is installed on the steel ladle 4; Piston 22, but its straight line motion ground inserts in the cylindrical shell 20; Piston rod 24, itself and piston 22 form and join with the bottom surface of casing 2; And friction member 26, it is fixed on the external peripheral surface of piston 22 and carries out the damping operation in the inner circumferential surface friction of cylindrical shell 20.
The part that is articulated and connected 28 be formed on cylindrical shell 20 the upper end and with the external peripheral surface twisting of steel ladle 4.Open to allow piston rod 24 in this insertion the lower end of cylindrical shell 20.
Piston 22 comprises insertion groove 32, and it is formed on the external peripheral surface of this piston 22, and it is fixing that friction member 26 is inserted.The part that is articulated and connected 30 is formed on the lower end of piston rod 24 and hinged in the bottom surface of casing 2.
In the washing machine of correlation technique, when vibrating from steel ladle 4 generations, vibration damper 18 rubs on the inner circumferential surface of cylindrical shell 20 and reduces vibration to produce damping force.
But, the shortcoming of this vibration damper is, the friction member 26 that is fixed on the piston 22 has so single damping force, so that the identical damping force time lag (for example processed cycle) when producing undue oscillation is applied on the steel ladle 6, and the time lag (for example carrying out washing treatment cycle) when running well with washing machine be applied on the steel ladle 6, thereby the ability to bear of steel ladle and vibration damping capacity reduce.
That is to say, if it is stronger that the frictional force that is produced by friction member 26 is set up, when producing less vibration, friction member 26 does not rub on the inner circumferential surface of cylindrical shell 20, therefore do not produce damping force, in fact the vibration of steel ladle 6 as a result is passed to casing 2, thereby has increased the noise and the vibration of washing machine.
If the frictional force that produces by friction member 26 be set up a little less than, when producing stronger vibration, the damping force of friction member 26 reduces, and can not support steel ladle 6 effectively, this causes the reduction of washing machine performance and causes more generation of vibration.
Summary of the invention
Therefore, the washing machine that the purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of vibration damper and this vibration damper is housed, this vibration damper can be controlled damping force and produce required damping force at required point, so that produce than the time lag of heavy damping power when producing undue oscillation, and zero or produce with the normal time lag, thereby reduce the vibration and the noise of washing machine than underdamping power.
For reaching above or other advantage and according to purpose of the present invention, as specializing and general description, provide a kind of vibration damper here, comprising: cylindrical shell; Piston rod, but it is arranged on straight line motion in this cylindrical shell; Friction element, it is arranged on, and this inner barrel can radially move and produce damping force by friction on the inner circumferential surface of this cylindrical shell; And the damping force control unit, it is installed on this piston rod and by adjusting and puts on the electric current [strength of this damping force control unit and move this friction element with the control damping force in radial direction.
This friction element comprises: supporting element, and it along the circumferential direction equally spaced is arranged on this inner barrel; Friction member, it is fixed on the outer peripheral surface of described supporting element and rubs on the inner circumferential surface of this cylindrical shell with the radial motion of above-mentioned supporting element; And resilient member, it is connected between the supporting element and applies elastic force in the direction that the radius of supporting element reduces.
This damping force control unit comprises: operating unit, and it is arranged on the inner peripheral surface of supporting element and pushes supporting element so that it is expanded in radial direction; And the driving force generation unit, it is installed in the upper end of piston rod and drives this operating unit.
In order to achieve the above object, also provide a kind of washing machine, comprising: casing; Steel ladle, it is installed in this casing and stores wash water; Cylinder, it can be rotatably set in inside and the washing and the dehydration clothing of this steel ladle; A plurality of supported springs, it is installed between the last inwall of the top of this steel ladle and this casing; And a plurality of vibration dampers, it is installed between the following inwall of the bottom of this steel ladle and this casing, and wherein, this vibration damper comprises: cylindrical shell, it is connected with one of them of this steel ladle and this casing; Piston rod, but it is arranged on straight line motion in this cylindrical shell and is connected with another of this steel ladle and this casing; Friction element, it is arranged on, and this inner barrel can radially move and produce damping force by friction on the inner circumferential surface of this cylindrical shell; And the damping force control unit, it is installed on this piston rod and by adjusting and puts on the electric current [strength of this damping force control unit and move this friction element with the control damping force in radial direction.
In conjunction with the accompanying drawings, from following specific descriptions of the present invention, it is more obvious that above and other objects of the present invention, feature, scheme and advantage just become.
Description of drawings
Provide further understanding of the present invention and the accompanying drawing that constitutes the part of this specification are for example understood embodiments of the invention and explained principle of the present invention with specification.
In the accompanying drawings:
Fig. 1 is the sectional view of common roller washing machine;
Fig. 2 is the sectional view according to the vibration damper of the washing machine of conventional art;
Fig. 3 is the sectional view according to vibration damper of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the enlarged view of Fig. 3 " A " part;
Fig. 5 is the perspective view according to the friction element of vibration damper of the present invention;
Fig. 6 is the front view according to the friction element of vibration damper of the present invention; And
Fig. 7 and Fig. 8 illustrate the serviceability according to vibration damper of the present invention.
Embodiment
Now with reference to the roller washing machine of description of drawings according to preferred embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the sectional view according to vibration damper of the present invention, and Fig. 4 is the enlarged view of Fig. 3 " A " part.
As shown in Figure 1, washing machine of the present invention comprises: casing 2, and it forms external form; Steel ladle 4, it is arranged in the casing 2 and stores wash water; Cylinder 6, it can be rotatably set in the inside of steel ladle 4 and the clothing that washs, dewaters; Drive motor 10, it is arranged on the rear side of steel ladle 4 and links to each other with cylinder 6 to fetch by live axle 8 and makes cylinder 6 rotation; A plurality of supported springs 16, it is installed between the inwall on the top of this steel ladle 4 and this casing top; And a plurality of vibration dampers 50, it is arranged between the inwall of the bottom of this steel ladle 4 and this casing 2 bottoms, and reduces the vibration that produces from steel ladle 4 transmission to casing 2.
Vibration damper 50 comprises: cylindrical shell 52, and it is installed on one of the external peripheral surface of steel ladle 4 and bottom surface of casing 2; Piston rod 54, it is installed on another of bottom surface of the external peripheral surface of steel ladle 4 and casing 2, but and straight line motion be arranged on this cylindrical shell 52 inside; Friction element 56, it is arranged on movably on these cylindrical shell 52 inner circumferential surfaces and by friction on the inner circumferential surface of this cylindrical shell 52 in radial direction and produces damping force; And damping force control unit 58, it is installed on this piston rod 54 and by move this friction element in radial direction and controls damping force.
One side of cylindrical shell 52 is opened to allow piston rod 54 to pass through, and is formed on the opposite side of this cylindrical shell 52 with the part 60 that is articulated and connected that steel ladle 4 is connected with one of casing 2.
But be arranged on the inner circumferential surface of cylindrical shell 52 to piston rod 54 straight lines and to-and-fro motion, be formed on the end of piston rod 54 with another part 62 that is articulated and connected that is connected of steel ladle 4 and casing 2.
As shown in Figure 5 and Figure 6, friction element 56 comprises: supporting element 70, and it equally spaced is arranged on the inner circumferential surface of this cylindrical shell 52 and operates in the radial direction motion with damping force control unit 58; Friction member 72, it is installed on the external peripheral surface of supporting element 70 and rubs on the inner circumferential surface of this cylindrical shell 52; And resilient member 74, the direction that it is connected between the supporting element 70 and the diameter between supporting element reduces applies elastic force.
Supporting element 70 forms circular arc, and comprises: incline section 76, and it contacts with the damping force control unit that is formed on its inner circumferential surface slidably; And fixed groove 78, it is formed on the external peripheral surface of supporting element 70, and friction member 72 inserts and is fixed in this fixed groove.
Friction member 72 forms circular shape, and its inner circumferential surface is inserted into the groove 78 that is fixed to supporting element 70, and its external peripheral surface rubs on the inner circumferential surface of cylindrical shell 52.Friction member 72 is made of the material that diameter can change within the specific limits, and the sponge material that is preferably by oil suction constitutes.
Resilient member 74 also forms circular shape, and forms the elastomer of being made by the rubber material that is wrapped between the supporting element 70, and applies elastic force in the direction that the diameter of supporting element 70 reduces.
Damping force control unit 58 comprises: operating unit 80, and it is arranged on the inner circumferential surface of supporting element 70 and expands supporting element 70 so that this friction member 72 can rub in radial direction on the inner circumferential surface of cylindrical shell 52; And driving force generation unit 82, it is installed in the upper end of this piston rod 54 and produces the driving force that drives this operating unit 80.
Operating unit 80 comprises: first control member 84, and it is fixed on the upper surface of driving force generation unit 80; And second control member 86, it is installed on first control member 84 movably in Vertical direction.Incline section 88, and contacts with guide supports 70 with the incline section 76 of supporting element 70 and to move slidably in the face of formation on (facing) surface at least one of first and second control members 84 and 86.
Through hole 90 is formed on the center of second control member 86, and fixing pin 92 penetrates this through hole 90.Fixing pin 92 is meshed with first control member 84.Thereby, interval (T) the inherent movement in vertical direction of second control member 86 between the head of second control member 86 self and fixing pin 92.
When first and second control members 84 and 86 close proximity, incline section 88 forms V-type, and the incline section 76 of supporting element 70 contacts with incline section 88.Thereby when second control member 86 moved upward and keeps apart with first control member 84, supporting element 70 moved on the direction that the elastic force of its diameter by resilient member 74 reduces slidably.Then, friction member 72 separates with the inner circumferential surface of cylindrical shell 52, does not therefore have the damping force effect.Thereby, when producing driving force by driving force generation unit 82, second control member 86 moves downwards closely joining with the upper surface of first control member 84, and supporting element 70 moves and expands in radial direction along the incline section 88 of first and second control members 84 and 86.Then, friction member 72 rubs on the inner circumferential surface of cylindrical shell 52 to produce damping force.
Preferably, first and second control members 84 and 86 form magnetic material.
Driving force generation unit 82 comprises: core body 94, and it has lower end that is fixed on the piston rod and the upper end that forms with first control member 84; And coil 96, it is wrapped on the external peripheral surface of this core body 94 and makes this core body 94 become electromagnet when connecting power supply and produces magnetic force.That is, when coil 96 was connected power supply, core body 94 became electromagnet and produces magnetic force to draw second control member 86 (being magnetic material) downwards.
Explain the operation of the vibration damper of formation as described above now.
Fig. 7 and Fig. 8 illustrate the serviceability according to vibration damper of the present invention.
At first, when cylinder 6 rotates with high speed RPM, cut off the power supply that is applied to coil 96 so that damping force is zero.That is, supporting element 70 is moving along the incline section 88 between first and second control members 84 and 86 on the direction that its diameter reduces along with the elastic force of resilient member 74.Friction member 72 separates with the inner circumferential surface of cylindrical shell 52 then, does not produce frictional force, so the damping force vanishing.
When cylinder 6 rotates with normal speed, the moving through of second control member 86 adjusted the electric current [strength be applied on the coil 96 and controlled, control the amount of radial movement of supporting element 70 thus, with the frictional force between the inner circumferential surface of control friction member 72 and cylindrical shell 52, thus the control damping force.
If produce undue oscillation in the cylinder, electric current is applied to makes the core body 94 and first control member 84 become electromagnet producing attraction force on the coil 96, thereby draw second control member 86 downwards second control member (being magnetic material).Then, supporting element 70 moves along the incline section 88 of first and second control members 84 and 86 on the direction that its diameter reduces, and pushes the inwall of cylindrical shell 52 to allow friction member 72.Thereby the frictional force of friction member 72 increases to produce than heavy damping power.
As mentioned above, vibration damper according to the present invention has this advantage, and promptly it can control damping force by the frictional force that the electric current [strength that is applied to via adjusting on the coil is controlled between cylindrical shell and the friction member, reduces the vibration and the noise of washing machine.
Because the present invention can not break away from its spirit or inner characteristic ground is implemented in a variety of forms, therefore unless otherwise indicated, the present invention is appreciated that the foregoing description is not limited to the arbitrary details in the above-mentioned explanation, and should be by broad interpretation in the spirit and scope that appended claims limits, so all belong to the boundary and the change in extremely equivalent boundary of scope and the scope of these claims and revise and all should be encompassed within the scope of appended claims.

Claims (20)

1. vibration damper comprises:
Cylindrical shell;
Piston rod, but it is arranged on moving linearly in this cylindrical shell;
Friction element, it is arranged on this inner barrel and can radially moves, and it produces damping force by friction on the inner circumferential surface of this cylindrical shell; And
The damping force control unit, it is installed on this piston rod, and puts on the electric current [strength of this damping force control unit and radially move this friction element with the control damping force by adjusting.
2. vibration damper as claimed in claim 1, wherein, this friction element comprises:
A plurality of supporting elements, it along the circumferential direction equally spaced is arranged in this cylindrical shell;
Friction member, it is fixed on the external peripheral surface of described supporting element and rubs on the inner circumferential surface of this cylindrical shell with the radial motion of described supporting element; And
Resilient member, it is connected between the described supporting element and applies elastic force on the direction that the radius of described supporting element reduces.
3. vibration damper as claimed in claim 2, wherein, this supporting element is included in the incline section of its inner circumferential surface, and fixed groove, and wherein this friction member is inserted into and is fixed in this fixed groove.
4. vibration damper as claimed in claim 3, wherein, this friction member is by making at the material of radial direction expansion and contraction within the specific limits.
5. vibration damper as claimed in claim 2, wherein, this friction member is formed by the sponge of oil suction.
6. vibration damper as claimed in claim 2, wherein, this resilient member forms the elastomer of being made by rubber material.
7. vibration damper as claimed in claim 2, wherein, this damping force control unit comprises:
Operating unit, it is arranged on the inner circumferential surface of described supporting element and pushes described supporting element so that it is expanded in radial direction; And
The driving force generation unit, it is installed in the upper end of this piston rod and drives this operating unit.
8. vibration damper as claimed in claim 7, wherein, this operating unit comprises:
First control member, it is fixed on this driving force generation unit; And
Second control member, it is installed on this first control member and can moves in the vertical direction, and an inclined-plane is formed on in this first and second control member at least one and contacts with the incline section of this supporting element slidably.
9. vibration damper as claimed in claim 8, wherein, this first and second control member is made by magnetic material.
10. vibration damper as claimed in claim 8, wherein, this driving force generation unit comprises:
Core body, it is formed on the upper surface of this piston rod and forms with this first control member; And
Coil, it is wrapped on the external peripheral surface of this core body, and makes this core body become electromagnet to produce magnetic force by connecting power supply.
11. a washing machine comprises:
Casing;
Steel ladle, it is installed in this casing and stores wash water;
Cylinder, it can be rotatably set in the inside of this steel ladle and washs and make clothes dewatering;
A plurality of supported springs, it is installed between the inwall on the top of this steel ladle and this casing top; And
A plurality of vibration dampers, it is installed between the inwall of the bottom of this steel ladle and this casing bottom,
Wherein, this vibration damper comprises:
Cylindrical shell, it is connected with one of them of this steel ladle and this casing;
Piston rod, but it is arranged on moving linearly in this cylindrical shell, and be connected with another of this steel ladle and this casing;
Friction element, it is arranged on this inner barrel and can moves in radial direction, and produces damping force by friction on the inner circumferential surface of this cylindrical shell; And
The damping force control unit, it is installed on this piston rod, and puts on the electric current [strength of this damping force control unit and move this friction element with the control damping force in radial direction by adjusting.
12. washing machine as claimed in claim 11, wherein, this friction element comprises:
Supporting element, it along the circumferential direction equally spaced is arranged on this inner barrel;
Friction member, it is fixed on the external peripheral surface of described supporting element and rubs on the inner circumferential surface of this cylindrical shell with the radial motion of described supporting element; And
Resilient member, it is connected between the described supporting element and applies elastic force on the direction that the radius of described supporting element reduces.
13. washing machine as claimed in claim 12, wherein, this supporting element is included in incline section and the fixed groove on its inner circumferential surface, and wherein this friction member is inserted into and is fixed in this fixed groove.
14. washing machine as claimed in claim 12, wherein, this friction member is by making at the material of radial direction expansion and contraction within the specific limits.
15. washing machine as claimed in claim 12, wherein, this friction member is formed by the sponge of oil suction.
16. washing machine as claimed in claim 12, wherein, this resilient member forms the elastomer of being made by rubber material.
17. washing machine as claimed in claim 12, wherein, this damping force control unit comprises:
Operating unit, it is arranged on the inner peripheral surface of described supporting element and pushes described supporting element so that it is expanded in radial direction; And
The driving force generation unit, it is installed in the upper end of this piston rod and drives this operating unit.
18. washing machine as claimed in claim 17, wherein, this operating unit comprises:
First control member, it is fixed on this driving force generation unit; And
Second control member, it is installed on this first control member movably in Vertical direction, and an inclined-plane is formed on in this first and second control member at least one and contacts with the incline section of this supporting element slidably.
19. washing machine as claimed in claim 18, wherein, this first and second control member is made by magnetic material.
20. washing machine as claimed in claim 18, wherein, this driving force generation unit comprises:
Core body, it is formed on the upper surface of piston rod and forms with this first control member; And
Coil, it is wrapped on the external peripheral surface of this core body, and makes this core body become electromagnet to produce magnetic force by connecting power supply.
CNB2005100833694A 2004-07-13 2005-07-13 Damper and washing machine having the damper Expired - Fee Related CN100380016C (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
KR1020040054516 2004-07-13
KR1020040054516A KR100548309B1 (en) 2004-07-13 2004-07-13 Damper using magnetic force and washing machine having the same

Publications (2)

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CN1721724A CN1721724A (en) 2006-01-18
CN100380016C true CN100380016C (en) 2008-04-09

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DE (1) DE102005032560A1 (en)

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US20060010935A1 (en) 2006-01-19
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DE102005032560A1 (en) 2006-02-16
CN1721724A (en) 2006-01-18

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