CN100372878C - Preparation method of high coagulation high viscosity crude petroleum producing and conveying agent - Google Patents
Preparation method of high coagulation high viscosity crude petroleum producing and conveying agent Download PDFInfo
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- CN100372878C CN100372878C CNB2005100450733A CN200510045073A CN100372878C CN 100372878 C CN100372878 C CN 100372878C CN B2005100450733 A CNB2005100450733 A CN B2005100450733A CN 200510045073 A CN200510045073 A CN 200510045073A CN 100372878 C CN100372878 C CN 100372878C
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a preparation method of a high-coagulation high-viscosity crude oil producing and conveying agent, which belongs to the field of chemical technology. The present invention uses polyethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) to modify acrylic acid, a polar group is introduced, and a solid high-coagulation high viscosity crude oil producing and conveying agent which makes the coagulation reduction as a main function is synthesized. An adequate surface active agent is added in the solid high-coagulation high-viscosity crude oil producing and conveying agent, and an emulsion high-coagulation high-viscosity crude oil producing and conveying agent which makes the viscosity reduction as a main function. The solid high-coagulation high-viscosity crude oil producing and conveying agent is suited for the high-congealing point crude oil of which the viscidity is less than 10000mPa. S and the congealing point is about 40DEG C, and the emulsion high-coagulation high-viscosity crude oil producing and conveying agent is suitable for the high-viscosity crude oil of which the viscidity is more than 10000mPa. S and the congealing point is about 30 DEG C.
Description
(1) technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of preparation of oil field chemical, be specifically related to a kind of preparation method of high coagulation high viscosity crude petroleum producing and conveying agent, belong to technical field of chemistry.
(2) background technology
China's high pour point and viscous crude oil reserves are abundant, are the twices of light crude, are commonly called as difficult the oil recovery, existing known reserves is 16.2 hundred million tons, in these difficult oil recoveries, because the content height of colloid, pitch and paraffin, make that viscosity of crude is big, condensation point is high, exploitation and conveying be difficulty very.Exploit two kinds of measures of the general employing of this quasi-oil: the one, steam stimulation, this need consume a large amount of energy, and steam can only be in depth following 1500 meters, and effect is limited; The 2nd, add chemical processing agent, reduce condensation point of crude oil and viscosity respectively, reach extraction and carry purpose.Present commercially available pour point depressant is oil-soluble, and following type is arranged: alkane naphthalene (T801, Paraflow 394,143); Polyester (Plexo 1150 for T602, Aclube728); Poly-alpha olefins (T803); Fumarate and vinyl acetate copolymer (Paraflow 386,388); Alpha-olefin and maleimide copolymer (T881); Polyethylene; The alkyl vinyl ether polymer; The rare basic ester polymer of carboxylic acid etc.China the most frequently used be as pour point depressant with poly-alpha olefins and polymethacrylate.Viscosity-depression agent generally is water miscible, the normal surfactant of selecting down is as emulsifying pour depressor: alkyl sodium sulfonate, sodium alkyl benzene sulfonate, alkyl alcohol Soxylat A 25-7 (10～15), alkylphenol polyoxyethylene (8～12), alkyl alcohol polyoxyethylene sodium sulfate, polyethylene polyamine polyoxyethylene poly-oxygen propylene aether etc.
From result of use, pour point depressant that comes into operation on the market and viscosity-depression agent quality and performance are not ideal enough, and they only have simple function, each other can not be compatible, can not form homogeneous system, and there is not synergistic effect.In actual production,, need treatment agent must have pour point depression and two kinds of functions of viscosity reduction because the composition of crude oil is very complicated.Therefore, research and develop out and have the difunctional treatment agent that condensation point of crude oil viscosity is all reduced simultaneously, realize that to smooth difficult exploitation and pipeline transportation of recovering the oil is most important, have huge economic benefit and social benefit, China is reduced petroleum import, increase strategic reserves and also be of great immediate significance.
The relevant pour point depressant of bibliographical information or the product of viscosity-depression agent are a lot, but to crude oil can pour point depression again can viscosity reduction the treatment agent report seldom.Pour point depressant that occurs on the market and viscosity-depression agent only have simple function, and it is bad to handle difficult oil recovery effect, do not reach the purpose of obvious raising tar productivity.It is difunctional that basic reason is that they do not have pour-viscosity reduction simultaneously.The difficult oil recovery exists all basically that viscosity is big, the high problem of condensation point.Realizing on a kind of treatment agent pour-viscosity reduction is difunctional, from molecular structure, is the comparison difficulty, and technical also have a bigger difficulty, and this need at first make pour-viscosity reduction mechanism clear.
Pour point depression mechanism
Over past ten years, have many scholars that the mechanism of action of pour point depressant was carried out systematic study both at home and abroad, at present the pour point depression mechanism of generally acknowledging is absorption and the eutectic theory that the tridimensional network of the inhibition wax that proposes such as Lorensen in 1962 generates.Be the adding of pour point depressant, change the wax trichite and educate course that pour point depressant plays nucleus, absorption, eutectic effect, make wax brilliant change crystalline form and orientation in the crude oil, thereby make it be difficult to form tridimensional network, to reach the purpose of improving low-temperature fluidity.Nineteen eighty-two Yejihlieb proposes, and pour point depressant is not the solvent of crystalline paraffin wax, can not reduce wax content in the crude oil yet, and it just changes size, shape and the structure of the brilliant particulate of wax.Promptly rely on pour point depressant to be adsorbed on the brilliant surface of wax, stop them from crude oil, to separate out, be deposited on the oil pipe surface to stop the approaching mutually and bonding of crystal fine particle.The people is also arranged from colloid mechanics angle analysis, pour point depressant plays two aspect effects: the one side pour point depressant is adsorbed onto wax crystallite surface and stops wax crystallite particle to be grown up, and rely on the perviousness of tensio-active agent and dispersiveness that it can be penetrated in the brilliant slit of loose bonded wax, make that bonding force weakens between the wax molecule, when crude oil flow, cause the wax crystalline substance to be broken to the wax crystallite and be scattered in the oil stream.On the other hand, the nonpolar part of pour point depressant molecule is adsorbed on wax crystallite surface, and its polarity is partly stretched to solution, generates hydration layer, makes the wax surface change into hydrophilic surface, is difficult for depositing on inner surface of pipeline.
In fact, it is a lot of to influence the factor of crude Treatment agent pour point depression effect.As externalities: the treatment agent add-on, add agent pre-treatment temperature and technology etc., carried out the actual oil transportation experiment of many long-distance transport pipes in recent years both at home and abroad, these influence factors there has been comparatively deep understanding and has obtained rich experience, also determined the more sophisticated agent treatment process that adds; Internal factor: as the composition of crude oil, i.e. wherein wax, colloid, bitum content and structure, and the carbon number distribution of paraffin.These all are the important evidence of Screening Treatment agent kind.From the mechanism of action, require treatment agent to have long chain alkane main chain and polar side chain.In order to stop the wax crystalline form to reticulate structure, the carbon chain lengths of general requirement pour point depressant should be close with the average carbon number of wax in the crude oil, separates out as crystal seed simultaneously to guarantee the wax in treatment agent and the crude oil.Because the generation of a large amount of crystal seeds just can make the wax crystallite no longer grow up.In addition, also requiring has stronger polar group on the carbochain, when treatment agent molecule and paraffin molecule eutectic, can hinder the gathering of wax crystalline substance, thereby delays even stop the brilliant cancellated formation of wax.Report simultaneously,, it is generally acknowledged 4 * 10 the molar mass of polymer-type treatment agent
3～10
5For good, its too high or too low effect is all poor.
Viscosity-reducing mechanism
In general, tensio-active agent can make significantly viscosity reduction of viscous crude, and mechanism has the following aspects:
1. the HLB value 12～18 of tensio-active agent, the volume ratio of water oil in system〉0.3, guarantee to form O/W type milk sap.
2. crude oil sticks to oil reservoir rock grains of sand sub-surface, its work of adhesion w=δ (1-cos θ), and δ and θ are respectively the interfacial tension on crude oil and the husky surface of rock in the formula, and corresponding contact angle.The general viscosity-depression agent that adds in this system can reduce their interfacial tension and contact angle, work of adhesion is reduced, help crude oil from the husky sur-face peeling of rock, pore in the oil reservoir is played washing de-plugging effect, the capillary channel of mediation from the oil reservoir to the shaft bottom, and the wettability of change rock sand, form moisture film.
3. emulsifying agent plays emulsification and dissemination to colloid, pitch and paraffin etc. in the crude oil.
(3) summary of the invention
The present invention is directed to the deficiency that present pour point depressant and viscosity-depression agent product performance exist, set out, a kind of preparation method of high pour point and viscous crude oil pour-viscosity reduction exploitation agent delivery is provided in conjunction with the oil field is actual.
The present invention finally determines plastic of poly vinyl acetate (EVA) modified acroleic acid aliphatic alcohol ester through analysis-by-synthesis, screening, introduces polar group.Synthesized is the solid-state high coagulation high viscosity crude petroleum producing and conveying agent of major function with the pour point depression; Add suitable tensio-active agent therein, making with the viscosity reduction is the milk sap high coagulation high viscosity crude petroleum producing and conveying agent of major function.The former be applicable to viscosity below 10,000 mPaS, condensation point is the high condensation point crude oil about 40 ℃; The latter is applicable to that 10,000 mPaS are above, the exploitation and the conveying of the high viscosity oil of about 30 ℃ of condensation points.
The preparation method of high coagulation high viscosity crude petroleum producing and conveying agent of the present invention comprises the steps
1. the preparation of CALCIUM ACRYLATE fatty alcohol, reaction formula is as follows:
CH
2＝CH-COOH+ROH—→CH
2＝CH-COOR+H
2O
Wherein ROH is hexadecanol, stearyl alcohol, behenyl alcohol by 1: 1: 0.5 weight ratio blended mixed fatty alcohol.
(a) hexadecanol, stearyl alcohol, behenyl alcohol being mixed by 1: 1: 0.5 weight ratio, be added in the reactor, is solvent with toluene, is heated to 70～80 ℃ of dissolvings fully.Add stopper, vinylformic acid, catalyzer more successively, begin heating, temperature is controlled at 120～160 ℃ of scope internal reflux esterification 6～8 hours, adds the water trap fractionation, and reaction stops when having water and methylbenzene azeotropic thing to steam heating, and is cooled to 70 ℃.
(b) after the reaction product washing neutralization with above-mentioned preparation, add toluene and extract, the brown yellow solution that obtains the upper strata is a CALCIUM ACRYLATE fatty alcohol toluene solution.
(c) the acrylate toluene solution that above-mentioned steps (b) is produced is poured into and is filled anhydrous block CaCl
2Storage irritate in standing over night, then toluene is removed in the distillation of CALCIUM ACRYLATE fatty alcohol toluene solution, the pure acrylic acid aliphatic alcohol ester.
The preferred Resorcinol of above-mentioned stopper or 2, the 4-di-tert-butyl-4-methy phenol.The stopper dosage is that 1～3% of mixed fatty alcohol weight is good.
The preferred vitriol oil of above-mentioned catalyzer or p-methyl benzenesulfonic acid.The catalyzer dosage is that 2～4% of mixed fatty alcohol weight is good.
Aforesaid propylene acid dosage is that 20～40% of mixed fatty alcohol weight is good.
2. the preparation of solid-state high coagulation high viscosity crude petroleum producing and conveying agent, reaction formula is as follows:
XCH
2＝CH-COOR+(CH
2CH
2)
Y(CH
2CHOCOCH
3)
z→(CH
2CHCOOR)
x(CH
2CH
2)
Y(CH
2CHOCOCH
3)
z
(a) at N
2Under the protective condition, plastic of poly vinyl acetate (EVA) is complete with the toluene heating for dissolving, join in the CALCIUM ACRYLATE fatty alcohol of above-mentioned preparation, be warming up to 75～80 ℃, mixed 10 minutes, the dropping initiator, 90 ℃ constant temperature 10-14 hour.This reactive component weight ratio is: plastic of poly vinyl acetate: CALCIUM ACRYLATE fatty alcohol=1～1.5: 2.
(b) be cooled to 50 ℃, after the methyl alcohol sedimentation, suction filtration, the dry sundown solid that gets get EVA graft copolymerization CALCIUM ACRYLATE fatty alcohol, are solid-state high coagulation high viscosity crude petroleum producing and conveying agent.
Above-mentioned initiator preferred tertiary butylhydroperoxide, isopropyl benzene hydroperoxide or dicumyl peroxide.The initiator dosage is that 1～3% of CALCIUM ACRYLATE fatty alcohol weight is good.
Above-mentioned EVA is a technical grade, melting index 28.
3. the preparation of milk sap high coagulation high viscosity crude petroleum producing and conveying agent
(a) the solid-state high coagulation high viscosity crude petroleum producing and conveying agent with above-mentioned steps 2 gained dissolves with kerosene, makes mass percent concentration and be 2% kerosin.
(b) with AEO
9+ AES mixed surfactant is an emulsifying agent, and adding distil water fully stirs, and is made into mass percent concentration and is 5～12% compound emulsifying agent solution for standby.Wherein, AEO
9Be alkyl alcohol polyoxyethylene (9) ether, AES is an aliphatic alcohol polyethenoxy sodium sulfate.AEO
9With the AES components by weight be: AEO
9: AES=1～2: 1.
(c) under agitation condition, the kerosin of (a) and composite emulsifying agent solution (b) are mixed, the formation mass percent concentration is 0.02～0.05% milk sap.Components by weight is preferably: kerosin: milk sap=1: 60～70.AEO in the above-mentioned steps 3 (b)
9Be preferably with the AES weight ratio: AEO
9: AES=1: 1.
The using method of high coagulation high viscosity crude petroleum producing and conveying agent of the present invention is as follows:
(1) using method of solid-state high coagulation high viscosity crude petroleum producing and conveying agent is: with the kerosene dissolving, make 2% kerosin earlier.Be injected into during oil recovery in the stratum, shut-in well is more than 24 hours.During oil transportation, directly solution is joined in the crude oil, mix, add-on is 0.01% of an oil weight.Former oil freezing point is descended more than 15 ℃, and obvious to the reducing crude oil viscosity effect, and viscosity break ratio reaches more than 90%.
(2) using method of milk sap high coagulation high viscosity crude petroleum producing and conveying agent is: be injected in the stratum with pump during oil recovery, shut-in well is more than 24 hours.During oil transportation, directly milk sap is added, add-on is 0.1% of an oil weight.Viscosity of crude point is significantly reduced, and the pour point depression amplitude reaches more than 10 ℃, and viscosity break ratio reaches more than 95%.
Products therefrom aliphatic chain of the present invention and crude oil are approaching, good to crude oil susceptibility, can suppress the paraffin tridimensional network generates, the pour point depression effect is remarkable, can realize simultaneously that difficulty adopts crude oil production problem and transportation problem, and it is simple to have a synthesis route, material cost is cheap, the product price is significantly less than external like product, and range of application increases, the characteristics that have a extensive future.
(4) embodiment
Embodiment 1: the preparation of solid-state high coagulation high viscosity crude petroleum producing and conveying agent, and step is as follows, is weight part:
1. the preparation of CALCIUM ACRYLATE fatty alcohol
(a) hexadecanol, stearyl alcohol, behenyl alcohol being mixed into mixed fatty alcohol by 1: 1: 0.5 weight ratio, adding 100 parts of mixed fatty alcohols in reactor, is solvent with 500 parts of toluene, is heated to 70～80 ℃ of dissolvings fully.Add 2 parts of hydroquinone of polymerization retarder, 30 parts of vinylformic acid, 3 parts of catalyzer vitriol oils more successively and begin heating, temperature is controlled at 120～160 ℃ of scope internal reflux esterification 6～8 hours, add the water trap fractionation, reaction stops when having water and methylbenzene azeotropic thing to steam heating, and is cooled to 70 ℃.
(b) with after the prepared reaction product washing neutralization, add toluene and extract, obtain the brown yellow solution on upper strata, be CALCIUM ACRYLATE fatty alcohol toluene solution.
(c) the CALCIUM ACRYLATE fatty alcohol toluene solution that above-mentioned steps (b) is produced is poured into and is filled anhydrous block CaCl
2Storage irritate in standing over night, then toluene is removed in the distillation of CALCIUM ACRYLATE fatty alcohol toluene solution, the pure acrylic acid aliphatic alcohol ester.
2. the preparation of solid-state high coagulation high viscosity crude petroleum producing and conveying agent
(a) at N
2Under the protective condition, 75 parts of EVA are heated to 60 ℃ of dissolvings with 500 parts of toluene, join in 100 parts of CALCIUM ACRYLATE fatty alcohols; be warming up to 80 ℃; mixed 10 minutes, and dripped 2 parts of initiator tertbutyl peroxides more gradually, be warming up between 85～90 ℃ constant temperature then 12 hours.EVA is a technical grade, melting index 28.This reactive component weight ratio is: plastic of poly vinyl acetate: CALCIUM ACRYLATE fatty alcohol=1.5: 2.
(b) be cooled to 50 ℃, after the methyl alcohol sedimentation, suction filtration, the dry sundown solid that gets are solid-state high coagulation high viscosity crude petroleum producing and conveying agent.
Embodiment 2: as described in embodiment 1, the stopper that different is in the step 1 (a) is 2, the 4-di-tert-butyl-4-methy phenol.The components by weight of mixed fatty alcohol: hexadecanol: stearyl alcohol: behenyl alcohol=1: 1: 1.Initiator in the step 2 (a) is an isopropyl benzene hydroperoxide.This reactive component weight ratio is: plastic of poly vinyl acetate: CALCIUM ACRYLATE fatty alcohol=1: 2.
Embodiment 3: the preparation of milk sap high coagulation high viscosity crude petroleum producing and conveying agent
On the basis of the product of embodiment 1 gained, continue following steps:
(a) the solid-state high coagulation high viscosity crude petroleum producing and conveying agent with embodiment 1 dissolves with kerosene, makes mass percent concentration and be 2% kerosin.
(b) with AEO
9+ AES mixed surfactant is an emulsifying agent, and adding distil water fully stirs, and is made into mass percent concentration and is 8% compound emulsifying agent solution for standby.Wherein, AEO
9Be aliphatic alcohol polyethenoxy (9) ether, AES is an aliphatic alcohol polyethenoxy vitriol.AEO
9Be preferably with the AES components by weight: AEO
9: AES=2: 1.
(c) under agitation condition, the kerosin of (a) and composite emulsifying agent solution (b) are mixed, the formation mass percent concentration is 0.04% milk sap.Components by weight is preferably: kerosin: milk sap=1: 60.
Embodiment 4: the preparation of milk sap high coagulation high viscosity crude petroleum producing and conveying agent
As described in embodiment 3, the components by weight that different is in (b) is: AEO
9: AES=1.5: 1.
Embodiment 5: the preparation of milk sap high coagulation high viscosity crude petroleum producing and conveying agent
As described in embodiment 3, the components by weight that different is in (b) is: AEO
9: AES=1: 1.
Claims (3)
1. the preparation method of high coagulation high viscosity crude petroleum producing and conveying agent comprises the steps:
(1) preparation of CALCIUM ACRYLATE fatty alcohol, reaction formula is as follows:
CH
2＝CH-COOH+ROH-→CH
2＝CH-COOR+H
2O
Wherein, ROH is hexadecanol, stearyl alcohol, behenyl alcohol by 1: 1: 0.5 weight ratio blended mixed fatty alcohol;
(a) hexadecanol, stearyl alcohol, behenyl alcohol are mixed by 1: 1: 0.5 weight ratio, be added in the reactor, with toluene is solvent, be heated to 70～80 ℃ of dissolvings fully, add stopper, vinylformic acid, catalyzer more successively, begin heating, temperature is controlled at 120～160 ℃ of scope internal reflux esterification 6～8 hours, add the water trap fractionation, reaction stops when having water and methylbenzene azeotropic thing to steam heating, and is cooled to 70 ℃; Described stopper is Resorcinol or 2, and 4-di-tert-butyl-4-methy phenol, catalyzer are the vitriol oil or p-methyl benzenesulfonic acid;
(b) with after the prepared reaction product washing neutralization, add toluene and extract, obtain the brown yellow solution on upper strata, be CALCIUM ACRYLATE fatty alcohol toluene solution;
(c) the CALCIUM ACRYLATE fatty alcohol toluene solution that above-mentioned steps (b) is produced is poured into and is filled anhydrous block CaCl
2Storage irritate in standing over night, then toluene is removed in the distillation of CALCIUM ACRYLATE fatty alcohol toluene solution, the pure acrylic acid aliphatic alcohol ester;
(2) preparation of solid-state high coagulation high viscosity crude petroleum producing and conveying agent:
Make CALCIUM ACRYLATE fatty alcohol and plastic of poly vinyl acetate that copolyreaction take place under certain condition, prepare solid-state high coagulation high viscosity crude petroleum producing and conveying agent, reaction conditions is as follows:
(a) at N
2Under the protective condition, plastic of poly vinyl acetate is complete with the toluene heating for dissolving, join in the CALCIUM ACRYLATE fatty alcohol of above-mentioned preparation, be warming up to 75～80 ℃, mixed 10 minutes, drip initiator, 90 ℃ constant temperature 10-14 hour, this reactive component weight ratio is: plastic of poly vinyl acetate: CALCIUM ACRYLATE fatty alcohol=1～1.5: 2; Described initiator is tertbutyl peroxide, isopropyl benzene hydroperoxide or dicumyl peroxide;
(b) be cooled to 50 ℃, after the methyl alcohol sedimentation, suction filtration, the dry sundown solid that gets get plastic of poly vinyl acetate graft copolymerization CALCIUM ACRYLATE fatty alcohol, are solid-state high coagulation high viscosity crude petroleum producing and conveying agent;
(3) preparation of milk sap high coagulation high viscosity crude petroleum producing and conveying agent
(a) the solid-state high coagulation high viscosity crude petroleum producing and conveying agent of step (2) gained dissolves with kerosene, makes mass percent concentration and be 2% kerosin;
(b) with AEO
9+ AES mixed surfactant is an emulsifying agent, and adding distil water fully stirs, and is made into mass percent concentration and is 5～12% compound emulsifying agent solution for standby, wherein AEO
9Be alkyl alcohol polyoxyethylene 9 ethers, AES is an aliphatic alcohol polyethenoxy sodium sulfate; AEO
9With the AES components by weight be: AEO
9: AES=1～2: 1;
(c) under agitation condition, (3) kerosin (a) and (3) composite emulsifying agent solution (b) are mixed, form 0.02～0.05% milk sap; Components by weight is: kerosin: milk sap=1: 60～70.
2. the preparation method of high coagulation high viscosity crude petroleum producing and conveying agent as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, step (2) initiator dosage (a) is 1～3% of a CALCIUM ACRYLATE fatty alcohol weight.
3. the preparation method of high coagulation high viscosity crude petroleum producing and conveying agent as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, step (3) is middle AEO (b)
9With the AES components by weight be: AEO
9: AES=1: 1.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| EP2251376A1 (en) | 2009-05-15 | 2010-11-17 | Sika Technology AG | Aqueous polymer dispersions |
| SG193907A1 (en) * | 2011-03-25 | 2013-11-29 | Evonik Oil Additives Gmbh | A composition to improve oxidation stability of fuel oils |
| CN104371058A (en) * | 2014-11-04 | 2015-02-25 | 大连东方创新科技有限公司 | Copolymer containing aryl alkyl (meth)acrylate, and preparation method and application of copolymer |
| CN105086976A (en) * | 2015-08-25 | 2015-11-25 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Efficient wax inhibitor for oilfields |
| CN105482798A (en) * | 2015-11-27 | 2016-04-13 | 克拉玛依新科澳石油天然气技术股份有限公司 | Compound pour point-depressing viscosity reducer for high pour-point crude oil and preparation method thereof |
| CN109153932A (en) * | 2016-03-07 | 2019-01-04 | 加拿大国家铁路公司 | For transporting the method and system of the pitch of cured form |
| CN106678548B (en) * | 2016-11-22 | 2019-02-05 | 克拉玛依中科恒信科技有限责任公司 | A kind of super-viscous oil pipeline transport preparation method of thinner |
| CN109114426B (en) * | 2017-06-26 | 2020-09-04 | 中国石油天然气集团公司 | Composition for crude oil pour point depressant, preparation method and application |
| CN108456512B (en) * | 2018-04-16 | 2022-08-16 | 青岛大学 | Preparation method of reactive high-freezing-point crude oil pour point depressant |
| CN110964495A (en) * | 2019-11-01 | 2020-04-07 | 山东德仕石油工程集团股份有限公司 | Pour point depressant for crude oil and preparation method thereof |
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| CN1059157A (en) * | 1990-08-18 | 1992-03-04 | 成都科技大学 | The waxy crude oil fluidity improver |
| WO2005023907A1 (en) * | 2003-08-28 | 2005-03-17 | Ceca S.A. | Stable emulsions which are used to lower the pour point of crude oils and to inhibit paraffin deposition |
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