CN1003716B - 原油脱轻烃和脱除乳状液装置 - Google Patents
原油脱轻烃和脱除乳状液装置 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1003716B CN1003716B CN87106825.7A CN87106825A CN1003716B CN 1003716 B CN1003716 B CN 1003716B CN 87106825 A CN87106825 A CN 87106825A CN 1003716 B CN1003716 B CN 1003716B
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Abstract
本发明公开的原油脱轻烃和脱除乳状液装置涉及油气贮运和石油加工领域,适于油气田和炼油、石化厂使用。该装置中的膜式蒸馏塔(3)中,利用膜式蒸馏理论设计了一种内加热外汽化的膜式加热汽化板(16),原料液体在汽化板(16)外表面呈液膜状流动,而汽化板内表面则是受热面,对液膜直接加热,边流动边汽化,将低沸点的组份(21)蒸馏出来,进入塔上部空间,而高沸点的重组份液膜(22)仍然下流至塔底汇聚。从而达到同时分离原油中轻烃和水分的目的。使用该装置不需再配置加热设备。
Description
本发明涉及油气集输贮运领域,可脱除原油中的轻烃和乳状液,也能脱除高蜡高凝重质原油中的乳化水,适于各种油气田,油气贮存和长输,以及石油加工部门使用。
在油气田上,从油井采出的原油集输时,要用原油稳定塔脱除油中的甲烷、乙烷、丙烷等挥发性轻烃,以便减少原油的大量蒸发损耗。
注水开发油田的大部分时间是中、高含水期(原油中含水20~70%)进行的。原油中的水大部分与油形成稳定的油包水型乳状液。为了保证原油输送和加工的正常进行,须对含水原油进行破乳,脱盐脱水处理。脱水方法很多,原油热沉降脱水法是应用最广泛的一种,其作用是增大油水比重差、降低原油粘度,有利于破乳剂分散到油水界面上去。一般采用加热炉、火筒炉等直接加热有原油通过的炉管,脱水温度大多控制在60~110℃。这种方法耗能较大,且热效率低,易造成轻烃蒸发损失。遇到高蜡、高凝点重质原油,脱水率更低,有时甚至无能为力。
综上所述,油气田原油脱轻烃和脱除乳状液是两个彼此独立的工艺过程,需要用塔器和加热炉等设备分别完成,工艺流程长,设备庞杂,耗用能量较多,原油损耗大。
本发明的任务是提供一种多用装置,这种装置既可对原油进行连续脱除C1~3轻烃,回收轻质馏分,也可同时脱除原油中的乳状液和游离水;对特殊重质油中的乳化水也能有效脱除。
本发明是应用膜式蒸馏原理所设计的一种多用装置,再结合已有的冷凝冷却分离和混合设备以及相应的工艺管道组合成处理流程的。
下面以一个实施例来描述本发明的结构和操作过程。附图1是工艺流程示意图。该流程可用于炼厂小批量轻烃生产、轻质油生产、原油脱水和炼油工艺实验。附图2是膜式蒸馏塔的结构示意图。该塔可以连续开工生产和实验,能根据设计需要灵活地改变操作方案,只要对加热炉功率进行调节即可改变,不必重新开停工。
膜式蒸馏塔(3)是常压设备,由三个同心的圆柱筒体组成,最中心的是预热进料管(14),中层圆柱筒体是膜式汽化面板(16),其上端圆柱面中心是预热进料管(14)的出料口(17),最外层是塔体(18),塔上部侧线或塔顶设有油汽水蒸汽混合气体(21)出口管(19),塔下部侧线或塔底是脱水原油出口管(12),塔体(18)和汽化板(16)下端固连在一起。由进料管(14)管壁和汽化板(16)内表面形成的空间,则自然地构成一种圆柱筒体内热式加热器(15),可以采用液体或气体燃料、蒸汽或电热装置作为热源实施例采用电热器(20)作为热源。
应用实施例脱除原油中轻烃和乳化水的操作工艺过程如下:
开电热器(20)电源预热内套管板(14)(16)至100℃左右,启动原料泵(2)从原料罐(1)向塔(3)进料,将塔(3)气相出口(19)温度控制在120℃±2℃范围。
含水原油从进料口(11)进入预热进料管(14),边进料边预热(13),从出料口(17)流出,进入被加热的气化板(16),圆柱面板上形成液膜,并从竖面流下。流动液膜在底面受热的汽化板(16)上边吸热边流动边气化,凡沸点低于120℃的组分如轻烃和少量轻油、水分发生汽化,离开汽化面(16)进入塔(18)上部汇聚,油气、水的混合蒸汽流从汽相出口管(19)离开蒸馏塔(3),进入冷凝器(4)冷却冷凝后进入油气水分离器(6),C1~3轻烃从顶部流出(9),至轻烃回收系统;分离器底部放水(7),至污水处理系统;若有轻油则从分离器(6)上部侧线中流入混合器(8),混入塔底侧流出的原油中,与液膜中沸点低于120℃组分汽化的同时,沸点高于120℃的液相(22)在汽化板(16)上继续下流,在塔底汇集,从原油出口管(12)流出,进入冷凝器(5)冷凝冷却后,流入混合器(8),然后到贮罐或输出(10)。
实施例一次小型实验数据如下:
膜式蒸馏塔加工量 10立升/时
内热式加热器功率 500W
加热最高温度 120℃
液膜在膜汽化面板上流速14厘米/分(8.2米/时)
被处理含水原油中:
含水率从4.05%降为0.24%,脱水率为94.1%;
C1~3轻烃收率 2.2%
对本发明进行放大设计,可成为油气田和炼油厂原油脱水脱轻烃工艺中的一种新型工业设备。
Claims (1)
1、一种常压蒸馏装置,由原料罐(1)、泵(2)、蒸馏塔(3)、冷凝器(4)(5),油气水分离器(6)、混合器(8)及相应的工艺管道组成,其特征在于蒸馏塔(3)由三个同心的圆柱筒体组成,最中心的是预热进料管(14),中层圆柱筒体是膜式汽化面板(16),其上端圆柱面中心是进料管(14)出料口(17),原料液体从出料口(17)流出,进入汽化板(16)圆柱板表面形成液膜状流动,最外层是塔体(18),塔上部侧线或塔顶设有油气水混合蒸汽出口管(19),塔下部侧线或塔底是脱水原油出口管(12),塔体(18)和汽化板(16)下部固连在一起;进料管(14)管壁和汽化板(16)内壁之间的内套管构成一种内热式加热器(15),可以采用液体或气体燃料、蒸汽或电热装置作为热源(20)。
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CN87106825.7A CN1003716B (zh) | 1987-10-13 | 1987-10-13 | 原油脱轻烃和脱除乳状液装置 |
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CN87106825.7A CN1003716B (zh) | 1987-10-13 | 1987-10-13 | 原油脱轻烃和脱除乳状液装置 |
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CN1031244A CN1031244A (zh) | 1989-02-22 |
CN1003716B true CN1003716B (zh) | 1989-03-29 |
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CN102559251B (zh) * | 2010-12-30 | 2015-01-14 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 压力式进料的原油蒸馏方法及设备 |
CN102836559B (zh) * | 2012-08-28 | 2014-07-30 | 南通宝钢钢铁有限公司 | 一种油料轻组分脱离装置 |
CN104747896A (zh) * | 2013-12-26 | 2015-07-01 | 王秉永 | 疏海水阀和疏油阀及疏溴阀 |
CN113797573B (zh) * | 2021-11-21 | 2022-02-08 | 山东胜星新能源有限公司 | 一种原油脱轻烃和脱除乳状液装置 |
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