CN100366336C - New method of high effective photocatalytic reaction under atmosphere of H2-02 and method for producing photocatalyst - Google Patents
New method of high effective photocatalytic reaction under atmosphere of H2-02 and method for producing photocatalyst Download PDFInfo
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- CN100366336C CN100366336C CNB200510018499XA CN200510018499A CN100366336C CN 100366336 C CN100366336 C CN 100366336C CN B200510018499X A CNB200510018499X A CN B200510018499XA CN 200510018499 A CN200510018499 A CN 200510018499A CN 100366336 C CN100366336 C CN 100366336C
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Abstract
The present invention discloses a new method for a high-effective photocatalytic reaction under the existence of H2 and O2, and a preparation method of a photocatalyst thereof. The method can obviously increase the quantum efficiency of photocatalysis processes, namely that a catalytic reactor filled with H2 and O2 mixing gas is irradiated by ultraviolet light or visual light (solar light sources or artificial light sources) to form a composite photocatalytic reaction device under the existence of H2 and O2. Thereby, organic pollutants in waste water and exhaust air can be effectively decomposed. Particularly, the composite photocatalytic reaction device has good effects on organic benzene pollutants which can not be decomposed easily.
Description
Technical field:
The present invention relates to the technical field of environmental pollution improvement, specifically at H
2-O
2A kind of application of technology on degradable organic pollutant that improves photocatalytic conversion efficient, mineralization rate and photocatalyst activity stability under the atmosphere.
Background technology:
Photochemical catalytic oxidation-reduction technique background that is widely used at aspects such as environmental protection, clear energy sources and new materials.Yet, with the titanium dioxide semiconductor science and the technical barrier that the photochemical catalyst of representative exists several keys such as quantum efficiency low (～4%) and solar energy utilization ratio are low, its wide industrial is used be subjected to very big restriction.For improving the efficient of photochemical catalyst and photocatalytic process, both at home and abroad to TiO
2Photochemical catalyst improves quantum efficiency, utilizes the study on the modification of visible light to concentrate on aspects such as doped transition metal ions, precious metal surface deposition, dye sensitization, composite semiconductor mostly; Photocatalytic process has been carried out additional various outfields, as LCF, microwave field, plasma etc. with the absorptivity that strengthens photochemical catalyst, the pilot study of photo-generated carrier separative efficiency; Also there are some to utilize the non-TiO of visible light
2The research work of series photochemical catalyst; Utilization rate for its photocatalysis quantum efficiency of specific reaction or visible light also makes moderate progress, but the result is still unsatisfactory.
Summary of the invention:
The present invention is directed to the existing inefficient problem of photocatalysis technology, provide the big spoke degree of a kind of energy ground raising photochemical catalyst to environmental pollutants photocatalytic degradation efficient and mineralization rate at H
2-O
2High efficiency photocatalysis reaction method under the atmosphere.
Technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:
One, at H
2-O
2Light-catalyzed reaction method under the atmosphere:
It is to introduce reducibility gas-hydrogen in containing oxygen light-catalyzed reaction system, and reaction system is placed under the irradiation of light, constitutes the light-catalyzed reaction system, and it is characterized in that: described light is visible light.
Reaction system comprises: photochemical catalyst and the pollutant that directly contacts with photochemical catalyst; This pollutant can be contaminated water or air.Photochemical catalyst can be positioned over independently in the reaction vessel and use, and also can be attached on the carrier and use.
Two, at H
2-O
2The method for making of the photochemical catalyst under the atmosphere:
Organic titanic compound is added in the deionized water, the pH value that adopts acid-conditioning solution is to 2-4, mix under the room temperature the TiO 2 sol of clarification, be 3-6 with the further dialysis of this colloidal sol to the pH value of colloidal sol, colloidal sol is carried out drying, form the amorphous titanium oxide xerogel.With xerogel,, obtain titanium dioxide optical catalyst through roasting; Titanium dioxide optical catalyst through high-temperature roasting, is immersed in the platinum acid chloride solution then, and behind heated baking below 200 ℃,, after the cooling, at room temperature, makes the platinum of load be lower valency with excessive sodium borohydride solution reduction again through heat treatment more than 200 ℃.Photochemical catalyst washs through deionized water, and oven dry obtains platinum oxide/titanium dioxide photochemical catalyst.
At H
2-O
2In the atmosphere, make the ultraviolet of sunshine or artificial light sources or visible light act on the photocatalysis system, can reach organic pollution in efficient decomposition waste water and the waste gas, good effect is arranged for the benzene class organic pollution of difficult degradation.At H
2-O
2The mechanism that causes photocatalytic process efficient to improve in the atmosphere is unclear fully as yet, and Primary Study thinks that this may be relevant in the absorption of dissociating of photocatalyst surface with structure and composition, hydrogen and the oxygen of photochemical catalyst.In photocatalytic process, photocatalyst surface is being adsorbed hydrogen and oxygen molecule to dissociating efficiently under the fixed temperature, and then extremely strong hydroxyl radical free radical, oxygen radical and the superoxide radical etc. of formation oxidation susceptibility, quickened the decomposition of pollutant, and made photochemical catalyst be difficult for gathering intermediate product and have higher mineralization rate at photocatalytic process.
Description of drawings:
Fig. 1 represents under the coexistence of oxyhydrogen reaction atmosphere, compound photocatalytic reaction device structural representation.Wherein, (a) for being used for the H that the air pollutant is eliminated
2-O
2Compound photocatalytic reaction device structural representation under the atmosphere is (b) for being used for the H that the solution pollutant is eliminated
2-O
2Composite photocatalyst reaction unit structural representation under the atmosphere.
Label declaration: air or oxygen, 5 hydrogen, 6 power supplys, 7 fluorescent tubes, 8 air or oxygens, 9 that 1 photochemical catalyst, 2 ultraviolet lights or visible light, 3 proportional controllers, 4 contain pollutant contain the liquid+solid photocatalyst granular of pollutant.
Fig. 2 represents H
2-O
2Under the coexistence of reaction atmosphere, the conversion ratio of titanium dioxide or platinum oxide/titanium dioxide photochemical catalyst photocatalytic degradation benzene under ultraviolet light.
Fig. 3 represents that platinum oxide/titanium dioxide photochemical catalyst is in hydrogen, oxygen atmosphere and H
2-O
2The difference of the conversion ratio of photocatalytic degradation benzene under the coexistence of reaction atmosphere.
Fig. 4 represents the influence of different hydro carrier of oxygen content to platinum oxide/titanium dioxide photocatalytic degradation benzene.
Fig. 5 represents H
2-O
2Under the coexistence of reaction atmosphere, different platinum contents are to the influence of platinum oxide/titanium dioxide photocatalytic degradation benzene.
Fig. 6 represents H
2-O
2Different excitation sources are to the influence of platinum oxide/titanium dioxide photocatalytic degradation benzene under the coexistence of reaction atmosphere.
Fig. 7 represents H
2-O
2Under the coexistence of reaction atmosphere, reaction temperature is to the influence of platinum oxide/titanium dioxide photochemical catalyst photocatalytic degradation benzene.
The specific embodiment:
As shown in Figure 1, will have photochemical catalyst and need the reaction system of the pollutant of processing to place under the irradiation of ultraviolet or visible light, constitute the light-catalyzed reaction system, it is characterized in that: introduce reducibility gas-hydrogen in traditional containing in the oxygen light-catalyzed reaction system.Constitute of the present invention thus at H
2-O
2The new method of the high efficiency photocatalysis reaction under the atmosphere.
Described ultraviolet light or visible light are sunshine or the artificial light sources of wavelength between 200～800nm, and artificial light sources comprises various forms of heat radiation light sources, glow discharge spot lamp and lasing light emitter.
The wavelength of described artificial light sources is 200～800nm.Can with built-in light-source in the container of light-catalyzed reaction system, also light source can be placed on outside the container of light-catalyzed reaction system the pollutant of the needs degraded in the irradiates light catalystic converter system.
Described H
2-O
2Atmosphere for can regulate in proportion, can be independently to light-catalyzed reaction system hydrogen supply gas or oxygen supply gas or for two or more the one or more air supply unit of gaseous mixture of air or three kinds of gases.
Can be used for H
2-O
2High efficiency photocatalyst under the atmosphere---the preparation of platinum oxide/titanium dioxide photochemical catalyst
The metatitanic acid isopropyl alcohol is analyzed pure solution slowly splash in the deionized water, the mol ratio of metatitanic acid isopropyl alcohol and deionized water is 1%-90%, preferably 1%-30%.Adopt pH value that nitric acid analyzes pure regulator solution to 2-4, stirred 1-3 days under the room temperature, the TiO 2 sol that must clarify is 3-6 with the further dialysis of this colloidal sol to the pH value of colloidal sol.40 ℃-70 ℃ following dry colloidal sols, the colloidal sol polymerization of dewatering forms the amorphous titanium oxide xerogel in dry run.Xerogel through 200 ℃-550 ℃ roasting 2-8 hour, make amorphous titanium oxide 30-95% be transformed into anatase titanium dioxide, with the heat treated sample 30-100 order that sieves, obtain titanium dioxide optical catalyst, the specific area of this photochemical catalyst is 30m
2/ g-180m
2/ g, the grain size of Detitanium-ore-type is 4-80nm.Xerogel was through 200-550 ℃ of roasting 2-6 hour, the 30-90 order sieves, ratio dipping chloroplatinic acid in every gram photochemical catalyst load 0.001-0.1 gram Pt, 90-200 ℃ was dried by the fire 1-8 hour, again through 200-550 ℃ of heat treatment 2-6 hour, reduce with excessive sodium borohydride solution under the room temperature, photochemical catalyst washs through deionized water, in 80-150 ℃ of oven dry, obtain platinum oxide/titanium dioxide photochemical catalyst, compare with titanium dioxide optical catalyst, do not have significant change through the rerum naturas such as crystal formation, specific area and crystallite dimension of the photochemical catalyst of platinum modification.
As shown in Figure 1a, when applying the present invention to the improvement of gas pollutant, photochemical catalyst can be packed into to wavelength is that this container has entrance and exit, two kinds of forms irradiation pollutants that light source can be built-in and external in the reaction vessel of the transparent or partially transparent of the light wave of 200～800nm; When applying the present invention to the improvement to the contaminated aqueous solution thing, shown in Fig. 1 b, photochemical catalyst is disperseed or be suspended in this pollutant solution, the pollutant solution that will have photochemical catalyst, packing into to wavelength is in the light wave of 200～800nm transparent or partially transparent or the opaque reaction vessel, this container is provided with an opening, the form irradiation pollutant solution that light source can be internal or external.
Photochemical catalyst of the present invention can be a titanium dioxide and by the titanic oxide material of transient metal doped modifications such as Fe, Co, Ni, Pt, Pd, Ru, Rh, also can be InVO
4, In (OH)
3Deng material and titanium dioxide and by the composite of the titanic oxide material of transient metal doped modifications such as Fe, Co, Ni, Pt, Pd, Ru, Rh.
Photochemical catalyst of the present invention can be body material, nano material, thin-film material, also can be to load on the composite that forms on other metals or the non-metallic substrate.
Platinum oxide/titanium dioxide photochemical catalyst is to the influence of photocatalytic degradation benzene
As shown in Figure 2, but in two quartz ampoules that platinum oxide/titanium dioxide photochemical catalyst and the titanium dioxide optical catalyst of 50mg is respectively charged into miniature normal pressure successive reaction, two quartz ampoules all are positioned under the irradiation of 4 uviol lamps, the emission wavelength 254nm of uviol lamp, light intensity 0.5-5mWcm
-2, 1-3mWcm preferably
-2In two quartz ampoules, all feed reaction gas, reaction gas is made up of the toxic organic pollutant benzene of hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and difficult degradation, wherein the volumetric concentration of benzene is that 845ppm, hydrogen content are 1.56%, the mol ratio of hydrogen and oxygen is 0-1.872,0.01-0.7 preferably, nitrogen is diluent gas.The gas flow rate 50ml/min of reaction, 30 ℃ of reaction temperatures, product and concentration are by gas-chromatography (HP6890, PorapakR chromatographic column) on-line analysis at set intervals.
As shown in Figure 2, titanium dioxide optical catalyst does not have obvious photocatalytic activity to benzene, and rapid inactivation reacted after 6 hours in 20 minutes, and photochemical catalyst becomes brown by original white, has tangible carbon deposit species to generate, and makes the photochemical catalyst inactivation.And under the same terms, platinum oxide/titanium dioxide photochemical catalyst shows excellent photocatalysis activity and stability to benzene, react after 20 minutes, photochemical catalyst enters stable state to the degrading activity of benzene, react after 6 hours, photochemical catalyst is 71% to the conversion ratio of benzene, the growing amount of carbon dioxide is 2853ppm (mineralization rate is 78.3%), along with the reaction time extends to 72 hours, this photochemical catalyst does not have obvious inactivation to the degraded of benzene, and repeated experiment shows that also platinum oxide/titanium dioxide photochemical catalyst has activity stability preferably, and its deviate is less than 3%.
This embodiment illustrates that the platinum finishing is very useful for the photocatalytic activity and the stability that improve titanium dioxide optical catalyst.
Reaction atmosphere is to the influence of photocatalytic degradation benzene
Adopt the reaction system of embodiment 2, investigate in hydrogen or oxygen atmosphere the ability of platinum oxide/titanium dioxide photochemical catalyst photocatalytic degradation benzene.In hydrogen atmosphere, the volume content of hydrogen is 1.56%, and nitrogen is diluent gas, and in oxygen atmosphere, the content and the oxygen of carrier gas nitrogen are suitable, and other reaction condition is identical with embodiment 2.
As shown in Figure 3, in hydrogen atmosphere, platinum oxide/titanium dioxide photochemical catalyst does not have obvious photocatalytic activity to benzene, rapid inactivation reacted after 6 hours in 20 minutes, and photochemical catalyst becomes brown by original white, there are tangible carbon deposit species to generate, make the photochemical catalyst inactivation.And in course of reaction, do not detect the generation of hydrogenation intermediate products such as cyclohexene or cyclohexane, illustrate with this understanding and can not carry out the photocatalysis hydrogenation reaction.In oxygen atmosphere, platinum oxide/titanium dioxide photochemical catalyst has initial photocatalytic activity to benzene, reacted 20 minutes, conversion ratio to benzene is 16%, but after reaction was carried out 2 hours, the active of photochemical catalyst descended rapidly, conversion ratio to benzene only is 3%, and no tangible carbon dioxide generates under this reaction condition, illustrates that this reaction has generated other organic species, fails to reach the purpose of degree of depth mineralising organic pollution.
This embodiment illustrates that the coexistence of oxyhydrogen reaction atmosphere is most important for photocatalytic activity that improves platinum oxide/titanium dioxide photochemical catalyst and stability.
Different hydro carrier of oxygen content is to the influence of photocatalytic degradation benzene
Similar to the reaction condition of embodiment 2, by changing the ratio of hydrogen and oxygen in the reaction atmosphere, be in the 0-1.872 scope in the mol ratio of oxyhydrogen, 0.01-0.70 preferably, the activity of investigation platinum oxide/titanium dioxide photocatalytic degradation benzene.
When carrying out with reaction that photocatalyst activity is stablized after 6 hours is reference point.As shown in Figure 4, increase to 0.05 with the oxyhydrogen ratio by 0, the photocatalysis performance of platinum oxide/titanium dioxide photocatalyst for degrading benzene strengthens rapidly, and its conversion ratio increases to 93% by 3%.Further increase the content of hydrogen in the reaction atmosphere, the activity of photochemical catalyst improves slowly, to the mol ratio of oxyhydrogen be 0.01-0.7, when optimum value is 0.2-0.35, conversion ratio to benzene reaches maximum 100%, generates the carbon dioxide of 5070ppm, makes the permineralization of benzene pollutant.Continue to increase the content of hydrogen, the active of photochemical catalyst descends rapidly, and when the mol ratio of oxyhydrogen was 1.872, photochemical catalyst was reduced to 4.29% to the conversion ratio of benzene, mineralization rate only 0.14%.
This embodiment illustrates that the mol ratio (0.01-0.70) of regulating suitable oxyhydrogen can effectively improve the photocatalytic activity of platinum oxide/titanium dioxide photochemical catalyst, strengthen the deep oxidation ability of photochemical catalyst to organic pollution, when the mol ratio optimum value of oxyhydrogen is 0.2-0.35, can reach the purpose of permineralization difficult degradation toxic organic pollutant.
Different platinum contents are to the influence of photocatalytic degradation benzene
As shown in Figure 5, adopting with embodiment 1 similar methods to prepare platinum oxide/titanium dioxide photochemical catalyst, by changing the content of photocatalyst surface platinum, is to investigate the activity of platinum oxide/titanium dioxide photocatalytic degradation benzene in the 0.1%-1.0% scope in the mass content of platinum.
Identical with the reaction condition of embodiment 2, the mass content of choosing platinum is that 0.1% and 1.0% sample is the typical case, is reference point when carrying out with reaction that photocatalyst activity is stablized after 6 hours.As shown in Figure 5, when the content of photocatalyst surface platinum was 0.1%, this sample was 65% to the conversion ratio of benzene, mineralization rate is 70.5%, and the content of platinum was increased to 1.0% o'clock, photochemical catalyst improves slowly the degradation capability of benzene, and its conversion ratio and mineralization rate are respectively 71% and 78.3%.
This embodiment explanation is regulated the content of photocatalyst surface platinum and is contributed little to the raising of photocatalyst activity in mol ratio (0.01-0.70) scope of suitable oxyhydrogen, also explanation can improve photocatalyst activity greatly as long as add the platinum of trace from another point of view, and this practical application for photochemical catalyst is very important.
Different excitation sources are to the influence of photocatalytic degradation benzene
Similar to the reaction condition of embodiment 2, choose different excitation sources, investigate of the influence of different exciting lights to platinum photocatalysis agent photocatalytic degradation benzene.The lamp source of different excitation wavelengths is respectively 4 uviol lamps (emission wavelength 254nm, light intensity 0.5-5mWcm
-2, 1-3mWcm preferably
-2), 4 fluorescent lamps (emission wavelength 365nm, light intensity 0.1-5mWcm
-2, 0.5-2mWcm preferably
-2) and 1 LED blue-ray light (emission wavelength 460nm, light intensity 1-10mWcm
-2, 2-7mWcm preferably
-2).
When carrying out with reaction that photocatalyst activity is stablized after 6 hours is reference point.As shown in Figure 6, when excitation wavelength was 254nm, photochemical catalyst was respectively 71% and 78.3% to the conversion ratio and the mineralization rate of benzene.When excitation wavelength was 365nm, photochemical catalyst was respectively 57% and 69% to the conversion ratio and the mineralization rate of benzene.When excitation wavelength was 460nm, photochemical catalyst was respectively 47% and 65% to the conversion ratio and the mineralization rate of benzene.
This embodiment illustrates the ability difference of photocatalyst for degrading organic pollution under the exciting light irradiation different in mol ratio (0.01-0.70) scope of suitable oxyhydrogen, and the energy of exciting light is big more, and the photocatalytic activity of photochemical catalyst is high more.
Reaction temperature is to the influence of photocatalytic degradation benzene
Compare with embodiment 2, investigate the influence of reaction temperature to platinum oxide/titanium dioxide photochemical catalyst photocatalytic degradation benzene, other reaction condition is identical with embodiment 2.
As shown in Figure 7, when reaction temperature was brought up to 50 ℃, platinum oxide/titanium dioxide photochemical catalyst was respectively 100% and 100% to the conversion ratio and the mineralization rate of benzene.
This embodiment illustrates the temperature that improves light-catalyzed reaction, helps improving the degradation capability of platinum oxide/titanium dioxide photochemical catalyst to organic pollution.
Platinum oxide/titanium dioxide photochemical catalyst is for the degraded of other organic pollution
With styrene, acetone and ethene are example respectively, and the concentration of these three kinds of organic pollutions is respectively 1000ppm, 2000ppm and 1000ppm, and other reaction condition is identical with embodiment 2.By experimental result as can be known, platinum oxide/titanium dioxide photochemical catalyst also shows higher activity to these three kinds of organic matters, reacted 6 hours, after photocatalyst activity is stable, cinnamic conversion ratio and mineralization rate are divided into 68% and 61%, conversion ratio and mineralization rate to acetone are divided into 89% and 91%, and the conversion ratio and the mineralization rate of ethene is divided into 100% and 100%.
Pd and the load of Ni metal are to the influence of optically catalytic TiO 2 activity
The mode of loading load similar to embodiment 1 content of improving quality is 1.0% Pd and Ni metal, and photocatalytic reaction conditions is identical with embodiment 2.By experimental result as can be known, reacted 6 hours, after photocatalyst activity is stable, Pd/TiO
2Photochemical catalyst is divided into 23.7% and 23.3% to the conversion ratio and the mineralization rate of benzene, and its activity is far below with the platinum photocatalysis agent under the condition.And the titanium dioxide optical catalyst that carries Ni does not have tangible photocatalytic activity to benzene.
The bright method of this Hair can be used for the improvement of pollutant, specifically refer to the various organic and inorganic pollutant that is contained in the air or in the water, as aromatic hydrocarbons, heterocyclic compound, aldehyde, alcohol, ether, alkane, phenol, dyestuff, agricultural chemicals, Army toxic agent, nitrogen oxide, sulfur oxide etc.
Claims (3)
1. at H
2-O
2Light-catalyzed reaction method under the atmosphere is introduced reducibility gas-hydrogen in containing oxygen light-catalyzed reaction system, and reaction system is placed under the irradiation of light, constitutes the light-catalyzed reaction system, and it is characterized in that: described light is visible light.
2. according to claim 1 at H
2-O
2Light-catalyzed reaction method under the atmosphere is characterized in that: the mol ratio of hydrogen and oxygen is 0.01-0.35 or 0.70-1.872.
3. according to claim 1 at H
2-O
2Light-catalyzed reaction method under the atmosphere is characterized in that: described H
2-O
2Atmosphere for can regulate in proportion, can be independently to light-catalyzed reaction system hydrogen supply gas or oxygen supply gas or for the more than one air supply unit of air.
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| CN103011332A (en) * | 2012-12-10 | 2013-04-03 | 天津大学 | Method and device for catalytically treating organic pollutants in water by laser |
| CN111001295A (en) * | 2019-12-18 | 2020-04-14 | 天津大学 | Device and method for degrading VOCs (volatile organic compounds) by ultraviolet illumination and monatomic catalyst |
| CN116139693B (en) * | 2022-12-14 | 2024-05-28 | 青岛理工大学 | Synchronous catalytic treatment device for ozone tail gas and biochemical odor, catalytic coating and preparation method |
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