CN100363659C - 球楔瓣阀 - Google Patents

球楔瓣阀 Download PDF

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CN100363659C
CN100363659C CNB021283761A CN02128376A CN100363659C CN 100363659 C CN100363659 C CN 100363659C CN B021283761 A CNB021283761 A CN B021283761A CN 02128376 A CN02128376 A CN 02128376A CN 100363659 C CN100363659 C CN 100363659C
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ball
wedge
clip
seat
pair
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CN1475687A (zh
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徐长祥
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Xu Changxiang
ZHEJIANG HUAXIA VALVE CO Ltd
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Abstract

一种球楔瓣阀,属机械工程领域,涉及一种用球楔/球座配合副做启闭副或密封副的阀门。球楔启闭副和球楔密封副的球瓣直径经济地稍大于其球座直径或球座球心经济地稍高于基准面,使球瓣对其球座有很强的挤扩楔功能,进而使金属-金属配合副的密封闭合,象金属-非金属软座配合副的密封闭合一样容易,象球形配合副的密封闭合一样次次、日日、月月、年年始终如一。

Description

球楔瓣阀
技术领域
本专利属机械工程领域,涉及一种用球楔/球座配合副做启闭副或密封副的阀门。
背景技术
阀门是流体输送管线的开关装置。在阀门中起开关作用的阀瓣和阀座统称启闭副。按启闭阀瓣的几何形状,有平面启闭副(平面与平面配合),球形启闭副(球与球窝、球与锥窝或球与圆形孔口配合),斜楔启闭副(斜楔与楔窝配合)和锥形启闭副(锥体与锥窝或锥体与圆形孔口配合)。按启闭阀座的材料,有金属阀座和非金属阀座两种;金属座阀,无论座淬硬与否,统称硬密封阀,非金属座阀统称软密封阀。平面启闭副的结构简单,好加工,但无力放大作用;斜楔启闭副和锥形启闭副有增力楔功能,易于达到阀瓣与阀座的紧密密封配合,但保证楔体与楔窝达到充分配合的成本高,而锥体与圆形孔口配合接触线和磨损线又往往是方位和大小随操作而变的椭圆,最终密封靠力使配合副产生的弹性变形;球形启闭副的配合接触形面和磨损形面始终与球形阀瓣一致,能保证关闭效果次次、日日、月月、年年一样,但现有技术的球与窝的关闭接触点都远离球大圆,没有发现和利用球大圆附近的挤扩楔功能(参见JB/T8473-96)。采用非金属软座,很容易实现启闭副的关闭密封,但其耐高压高温的能力不如金属硬座。
发明内容
本专利要解决的技术问题是使金属-金属硬密封具有金属-非金属软密封一样的性质和效果,即本专利要提出的是前所未有的金属-金属软密封。
本专利解决技术问题的方案是球楔启闭副和球楔密封副,其特征是球瓣与其球座闭合时的最高接触小圆逼近球大圆,最大接触角(最低接触小圆处的楔角)保证球瓣对球座有楔增力挤扩功能。按斜楔原理,所述的最大接触角小于45°时就能保证球瓣对其球座始终都有楔增力挤扩功能,一般以小于30°为宜。所述球大圆是圆心与球心重合的球面上圆,相应地,球小圆是圆心与球心不重合的球面上圆。
如图1所示,当半球通过B-B小圆支撑在座上时,如果忽略摩擦阻力,则通过球心施加力P就可在支点B对座产生挤扩力:F=P/2sinα,其中α是球在支点B的楔角。由此可见,支点B越靠近点A(球大圆)则半球对力P的放大作用就越大,支点B越靠近点C(球顶点)则半球对力P的放大作用就越小;当支点B位于点A时,半球对力P的放大系数为无穷大,当支点B位于点C时,半球对力P的放大系数为0.5。也就是说,球与座的配合接触小圆越靠近大圆,球的楔功能就越强,越靠近顶点,楔功能就越弱。如图2所示,当球形瓣的球直径经济地制造得刚好稍大于球窝的直径或球窝的球心经济地制造得刚好稍高于其基准面时,就至少能保证球形瓣对球座口的初始接触楔角α小于10°,或者说就能保证球形瓣在刚接触球座时对球座口有足够的挤扩变形能力,或者说就能保证球形瓣副是球楔瓣副。虽然球楔瓣和球座的经济加工精度可以保证它们的互换装配的密封性,但在装配时,用球楔瓣挤扩矫正一下与其相配的球座仍然十分可取。如图3所示,当新球楔瓣副的球座受到球楔瓣的正常挤压时,球楔瓣与其球座的配合接触就从最初的一个圆向一个局部球面发展,即配合接触角由α向α0发展。如图4所示,当球楔瓣副的球座受到球楔瓣的强挤压矫正后或磨损后,球楔瓣与其球座的配合接触就达到完全接触,球楔的最大楔角α0与球座的最低楔角α0重合,达到最佳配合接触状态。
一般而言,传统的金属-金属硬座的初始配合接触往往是一条线而金属-非金属软座的初始配合接触往往是一条带,或者说,传统的非金属软座与其瓣的初始配合接触(带)比软金属球座与其瓣的初始配合接触(线)远不止大5倍,而非金属软座的材料屈服强度仅比软金属座的材料屈服强度低4-5倍,因此,加上球楔瓣对座的增力挤扩楔功能,淬硬球楔瓣对软金属座的密封闭合就比传统的金属瓣对非金属软座的密封闭合还容易。其次,虽然锥体瓣对座有楔挤扩功能,但是,如果设计较长的锥体-锥座配合长度以保证一配合接触就保持同轴,则一是保证全接触配合困难二是承压面积大得几乎完全抵消锥体瓣对座的楔挤扩功能;如果设计较短的锥体-锥座配合长度,虽可保证锥体对锥座有足够的楔挤扩能力,但却不能保证锥体-锥座配合同轴乃至次次配合接触和磨损都是不同方位不同大小的椭圆一一影响密封的严密性,而球楔启闭副或密封副中的球楔对座的配合接触和磨损却次次都是同一个球面。所以,球楔启闭副或密封副的座虽然是金属的但它却具有非金属软座阀的优点而又避开了其缺点,球楔启闭副或密封副的瓣虽然是球形的但它却还具有斜楔配合副和锥形配合副的优点而又避开了其缺点,使启闭副或密封副达到了尽善尽美的程度,圆满地解决了本发明要解决的技术问题。
附图说明
图1是球之楔功能说明图,其中的半球体正通过B-B小圆支撑在某种座口上,α是球过支点B的楔角,通过球心施加力P可在支点B对座产生挤扩力:F=P/2sinα。
图2是直径比座稍大的球楔瓣与其球心稍高出基准的球座刚好闭合至接触时刻的状态图,其中的α是球楔瓣在接触点的楔角,此时的阀座极易受球楔瓣挤扩而变形去适合球楔瓣,顷刻间完成密闭任务。
图3是新球楔瓣与其球座正常密封闭合时的状态图,从图中可以看出,随操作力的加大或磨损,球楔球心将逼近球座基准面。
图4是球楔瓣副的球座受到其球楔瓣的强挤压矫正后或磨损后而使球楔瓣与球座的配合接触达到完全接触时的最佳配合状态图,此时的球楔最大楔角α0与球座的最低楔角α0重合。
图5、图6和图7是同一个卡箍管接式球楔针型阀,一个同时应用球楔启闭副和球楔密封副的针型阀,图5是其三维1/4剖视图,图6是其二维非全剖视图,图7是其三维分解视图。
具体实施方式
图5、图6和图7是同时应用球楔启闭副和球楔密封副于针型阀的一个实例,其中件1是阀体,件2是挤压密封箍,件3是挤压抱持箍,件4是挤箍驱动螺母,件5是阀盖,件6是阀杆,件7是球楔阀瓣,件8是密封填料,件9是密封压套,件10是锁紧螺母,件11是护罩,件12是手柄,件13是锁紧螺钉。在该实施例中,针形阀通过密封箍(2)、抱持箍(3)和驱动螺母(4),把管挤压连接在阀体(1)的端口上,使阀门与管道相连;通过密封压套(9)上的球楔与阀体(1)上的球座组成的球楔密封副完成阀盖(5)同阀体的密封,通过阀杆上的球楔瓣(7)与阀体(1)上的球座组成的球楔瓣启闭副完成对管内流体的开关和控制。
最后,还应当指出,球楔启闭副和球楔密封副,除了用于上述针型阀以外,还可用于其它类型阀门。

Claims (2)

1.一种球楔瓣阀,其特征是启闭副的球形阀瓣与球形阀座关闭时的最高接触小圆逼近球大圆,最大接触角保证球形阀瓣对球形阀座有楔增力挤扩功能。
2.一种球楔密封副,其特征是密封副的球与球形座密封闭合时的最高接触小圆逼近球大圆,最大接触角保证球对球形座有楔增力挤扩功能。
CNB021283761A 2002-08-15 2002-08-15 球楔瓣阀 Expired - Fee Related CN100363659C (zh)

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CN100513850C (zh) * 2005-08-23 2009-07-15 浙江华夏阀门有限公司 三角截面密封套

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3620237A (en) * 1968-06-12 1971-11-16 Imp Metal Ind Kynoch Ltd Safety valve
JPH06117549A (ja) * 1992-10-01 1994-04-26 Mitsuba Electric Mfg Co Ltd 圧力制御弁の製造方法
CN1132833A (zh) * 1995-04-03 1996-10-09 丁文凯 双半球截止阀
CN2279479Y (zh) * 1996-10-13 1998-04-22 邱卫新 一种小口径高温高压截止阀
CN2303135Y (zh) * 1997-05-09 1999-01-06 张荣贵 阀用线性密封部件
CN2330835Y (zh) * 1997-10-18 1999-07-28 浙江成达特种阀门厂 无摩擦提升式金属密封球阀
CN2429697Y (zh) * 2000-04-14 2001-05-09 上海马克电机阀门有限公司 一种关断球阀
CN2472015Y (zh) * 2001-03-02 2002-01-16 张贵成 球密封阀门

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3620237A (en) * 1968-06-12 1971-11-16 Imp Metal Ind Kynoch Ltd Safety valve
JPH06117549A (ja) * 1992-10-01 1994-04-26 Mitsuba Electric Mfg Co Ltd 圧力制御弁の製造方法
CN1132833A (zh) * 1995-04-03 1996-10-09 丁文凯 双半球截止阀
CN2279479Y (zh) * 1996-10-13 1998-04-22 邱卫新 一种小口径高温高压截止阀
CN2303135Y (zh) * 1997-05-09 1999-01-06 张荣贵 阀用线性密封部件
CN2330835Y (zh) * 1997-10-18 1999-07-28 浙江成达特种阀门厂 无摩擦提升式金属密封球阀
CN2429697Y (zh) * 2000-04-14 2001-05-09 上海马克电机阀门有限公司 一种关断球阀
CN2472015Y (zh) * 2001-03-02 2002-01-16 张贵成 球密封阀门

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