CN100360225C - Platinum carried foamed nickel catalytic material, its preparation method and application - Google Patents

Platinum carried foamed nickel catalytic material, its preparation method and application Download PDF

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Publication number
CN100360225C
CN100360225C CNB2005101010020A CN200510101002A CN100360225C CN 100360225 C CN100360225 C CN 100360225C CN B2005101010020 A CNB2005101010020 A CN B2005101010020A CN 200510101002 A CN200510101002 A CN 200510101002A CN 100360225 C CN100360225 C CN 100360225C
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platinum
foamed nickel
carried
catalytic material
nickel
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CN1785509A (en
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方北龙
王超
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Sun Yat Sen University
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Sun Yat Sen University
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50Fuel cells

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Abstract

The present invention relates to platinum carried foamed nickel catalytic material, a preparation method thereof and the application of the platinum carried foamed nickel catalytic material in the preparation of an alkaline electrolysis liquid hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell. The platinum carried foamed nickel catalytic material is composed of a micron level foamed nickel base body and platinum loaded on the micron level foamed nickel base body. The loading capacity of platinum is from 10<-4>mg. cm<-2> to 1 mg. cm<-2>. The platinum carried foamed nickel catalytic material uses foamed nickel as a base body to directly generate chemical reaction with chloroplatinic acid, which enables the platinum to deposit and load on the foamed nickel. The platinum which is deposited on the surface of the foamed nickel base body is evenly distributed, grain diameters are about 200 nm and adhesive force is strong. Thus, the present invention has admirable electrocatalytic activity. Due to the adoption of a chemical platinum plating method, virulent hydrazine and dangerous borohydride are avoided to be used as a reducing agent; fabrication process is simple; the present invention is convenient for large-scale production; the cost is low. The platinum carried foamed nickel catalytic material is suitable for alkaline or neutrality environment, and can be used for preparing the catalyzing electrode material of an alkaline hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell.

Description

Platinum carried foamed nickel catalytic material and its production and application
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of platinum carried foamed nickel catalytic material and preparation method thereof, and the application of this platinum carried foamed nickel catalytic material in preparation alkaline electrolyte hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell.
Background technology
Platinum is the very wide catalyst of a kind of application, normally platinum is deposited on the materials such as carbon granules with Large ratio surface very, and metal carries the present research of platinum and mainly concentrates on platinum plating on the titanium base, and platinum plating yet there are no report on Ni-based.The method of platinum plating comprises aqueous solution plating, fused salt plating, chemical plating, magnetron sputtering etc.Chemically plating platinum technology is simple, and one-time investment is little, compares with galvanoplastic, and chemical plating has following remarkable advantage: do not exist because the inhomogeneous deposition non-uniform phenomenon that produces of CURRENT DISTRIBUTION can both obtain the even metal deposition on the whole work-piece surface; Have than electro-deposition good the depth deposition capability of Duoing, can make platinum particles be evenly distributed in any one surface that can contact of nickel foam with gas or liquid.At present chemically plating platinum is reflected at plated metal platinum on the matrix such as PEM mostly with platinum acid chloride solution and hydrazine solution.
Fuel cell development is the history surplus in the of existing 160 year so far, and catalysis electrode is the cardiac component that influences the fuel cell overall performance, and a kind of discovery of material of new function admirable and the application in fuel cell thereof can promote a kind of develop rapidly of fuel cell.Efficient, free of contamination characteristic that hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell has, platinum are maximum catalyst that hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell is used.The former bright rosy clouds of existing report etc. are made fuel cell membrane electrode in the PEM both sides with chloroplatinic acid and the reaction of isocyatic hydrazine solution, but complex process.Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells has been counted as the optimal candidate power supply of electric motor car, but PEM of using and bipolar plates cost are too high.The research of platinum catalysis alkaline hydrogen oxygen fuel cell is comparative maturity, is mainly used in space flight and ground special applications at present.Nickel hardness is big, and rich ductility has good corrosion resistance, anti-highly basic, and the same with platinum have better adsorption capability to hydrogen.The inventor discovers to have the carrier that is fit to do platinum catalytic electrode than the commodity nickel foam of Large ratio surface.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of platinum carried foamed nickel catalytic material and preparation method thereof, and the application of this platinum carried foamed nickel catalytic material in preparation alkaline electrolyte hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell.
The present invention adopts the method for chemically plating platinum on nickel foam, and direct and chloroplatinic acid generation chemical reaction, metal platinum are deposited on and prepare platinum carried foamed nickel catalytic material on the nickel foam with the commodity nickel foam.Its preparation technology is simple, greatly reduces product cost; With this product is the alkaline electrolyte hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell function admirable of catalytic electrode material, and good prospects for application is arranged.
Platinum carried foamed nickel catalytic material of the present invention is by nickel foam substrate and is carried on its surperficial platinum and constitutes that the platinum load capacity is 1 * 10 -4Mgcm -2To 1mgcm -2(be generally 1 * 10 -3Mgcm -2To 0.1mgcm -2).
Platinum carried foamed nickel catalytic material of the present invention can be by the method for chemically plating platinum on nickel foam, and the usefulness nickel foam is direct and chloroplatinic acid generation chemical reaction as matrix, the metal platinum deposition is carried on the nickel foam makes.
The preparation method of the invention described above platinum carried foamed nickel catalytic material generally comprises following steps:
(1). to the surface preparation of nickel foam substrate: the oxide layer of cleaning the nickel foam surface with ketones solvent; Used ketones solvent is the solvent of surface film oxide of nickel of defoaming, as acetylacetone,2,4-pentanedione, TTA etc.; Used nickel foam can be general commodity nickel foam.
(2). prepare platinum acid chloride solution with deionized water, platinum acid chloride solution concentration can be all concentration that comprise that its saturated concentration is following, is generally 0.2molL -1~0.0002molL -1(commonly used is 0.02molL -1~0.002molL -1);
(3). chemically plating platinum: will the nickel foam after surface preparation be immersed in chemical reaction takes place in the platinum acid chloride solution, become neutrality to solution and be and react completely, generally in 12 hours; The volume of platinum acid chloride solution is 5: 1~30: 1 (mL/g) with the ratio of the weight of nickel foam, is preferably 10: 1~20: 1 (mL/g);
(4). the platinum carried foamed nickel taking-up is cleaned with deionized water, dried, vacuum drying then obtains required platinum carried foamed nickel catalytic material.The platinum carried foamed nickel catalytic material that obtains preferably seals preservation.
Platinum carried foamed nickel catalytic material of the present invention, employed nickel foam is the nickel foam with very thin skeleton structure that pure metallic nickel is made, its edge surface has the microscopic pattern as the tangerine peel, the metal platinum that is deposited on the nickel foam substrate surface is evenly distributed, particle diameter about 200nm, strong adhesion, have splendid electro catalytic activity.Platinum carried foamed nickel catalytic material of the present invention adopts the preparation of chemically plating platinum method, has avoided using the hydrazine and the dangerous material boron hydride of severe toxicity to make reducing agent, and preparation technology is simple, is convenient to large-scale production, and cost is relatively low, and product is applicable to alkalescence or neutral environment.
Platinum carried foamed nickel catalytic material of the present invention can be used for preparing the alkaline electrolyte hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell.Specifically be with the catalytic electrode material of described platinum carried foamed nickel material as the alkaline hydrogen oxygen fuel cell.
Replace the catalytic electrode material that present similar alkaline electrolyte hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell uses with the platinum carried foamed nickel material of this kind of required platinum load capacity, make the alkaline electrolyte hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell.To logical pure hydrogen of platinum carried foamed nickel electrode and pure oxygen, the open-circuit voltage of battery reaches about 1.0V at once at normal temperatures, and short circuit current has illustrated that up to 0.9A the platinum carried foamed nickel catalytic material with this method preparation has splendid electro catalytic activity.
The specific embodiment
In order to further specify the present invention, enumerate following examples, but do not limit the scope of the invention.
Embodiment 1:
Get the chloroplatinic acid (H of 1 glass tube 1g dress 2PtCl 66H 2O), be mixed with 2 * 10 with deionized water -1MolL -1Platinum acid chloride solution (about 20mL).A nickel foam (about 1g) is used acetylacetone,2,4-pentanedione soaking and washing five minutes, clean with deionized water again, in centrifuge, dry then.To be immersed in through the nickel foam after the surface preparation in the above-mentioned platinum acid chloride solution for preparing of 20mL, chemical reaction takes place, platinum is deposited on the nickel foam surface.Reaction is surveyed the pH value and is about 7 through 11h, illustrates to react and carries out substantially fully.The platinum carried foamed nickel taking-up is cleaned with deionized water, in centrifuge, dried, vacuum drying, sealing is preserved.Calculate the platinum load capacity, the results are shown in table 1.
Embodiment 2:
Get the chloroplatinic acid (H of 1 glass tube 1g dress 2PtCl 66H 2O), be mixed with 2 * 10 with deionized water -2MolL -1Platinum acid chloride solution (about 100mL).A nickel foam (about 10g) is used acetylacetone,2,4-pentanedione soaking and washing five minutes, clean with deionized water again, in centrifuge, dry then.To be immersed in through the nickel foam after the surface preparation in the above-mentioned platinum acid chloride solution for preparing of 100mL, chemical reaction takes place, platinum is deposited on the nickel foam surface.Reaction is surveyed the pH value and is about 7 through 8h, illustrates to react and carries out substantially fully.The platinum carried foamed nickel taking-up is cleaned with deionized water, in centrifuge, dried, vacuum drying, sealing is preserved.Calculate the platinum load capacity, the results are shown in table 1.
Embodiment 3:
With embodiment 2, just with 2 * 10 -2MolL -1Platinum acid chloride solution dilution be mixed with 2 * 10 for 10 times -3MolL -1, reaction is promptly carried out substantially through 5h fully.The platinum load capacity sees Table 1.
Embodiment 4:
With embodiment 2, just the platinum acid chloride solution volume is increased to 200mL, and reaction is promptly carried out substantially through 10h fully.The platinum load capacity sees Table 1.
Embodiment 5:
With embodiment 3, just with 2 * 10 -3MolL -1Ten times of preparations of platinum acid chloride solution dilution into about 2 * 10 -4MolL -1, reaction is promptly carried out substantially through 3h fully.The platinum load capacity sees Table 1.
Embodiment 6:
With embodiment 5, just the platinum acid chloride solution volume is increased to 200mL, and reaction is promptly carried out substantially through 4h fully.The platinum load capacity sees Table 1.
The platinum load capacity of each embodiment of table 1.
Embodiment Nickel foam (M)/g Chloroplatinic acid concentration (c)/molL -1 Chloroplatinic acid volume (V)/mL Platinum containing amount in the platinum acid chloride solution (m)/mg Reaction time (t)/h Platinum load capacity (B)/mgcm -2
1 1.05 0.2 20 740 11 0.75
2 3 4 5 6 10.86 10.67 10.39 10.46 10.62 0.02 0.002 0.02 0.0002 0.0002 100 100 200 100 200 370 37.0 740 3.7 7.4 8 5 10 3 4 0.035 0.0035 0.076 0.00035 0.00069
As known from Table 1, by the usage ratio of control platinum acid chloride solution concentration and platinum acid chloride solution and nickel foam substrate, can control the platinum load capacity of prepared platinum carried foamed nickel material.
Embodiment 7:
(the platinum load capacity is 0.035mgcm with the product platinum carried foamed nickel of embodiment 2 -2) substituting the catalytic electrode material of existing alkaline electrolyte hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell, hydrogen, oxygen electrode respectively use the about 10g of platinum carried foamed nickel material, and this battery is with 7.4molL under the room temperature -1KOH (35%) does electrolyte, uses pure hydrogen pure oxygen.With the saturated calomel electrode is reference, measurement electrode electromotive force ( O2/OH- +,  H2O/H2 -) and battery open circuit voltage (E Max), short circuit current (I Max).The results are shown in Table 2.
Embodiment 8:
With embodiment 7, just (the platinum load capacity is 0.076mgcm to the hydrogen electrode platinum carried foamed nickel material that uses embodiment 4 to make -2).
Embodiment 9:
With embodiment 8, just (the platinum load capacity is 0.076mgcm to hydrogen, the oxygen electrode platinum carried foamed nickel material that all uses embodiment 4 to make -2).
Table 2. platinum load capacity is to the influence of battery performance
Embodiment Anodal (O 2) platinum load capacity B/mgcm -2 Negative pole (H 2) platinum load capacity B/mgcm -2 O2/OH- +/mV H2O/H2 -/mV E max/V I max/A
7 8 9 0.035 0.035 0.076 0.035 0.076 0.076 147 152 154 -854 -853 -847 1.002 1.004 1.001 0.78 0.89 0.90

Claims (8)

1. platinum carried foamed nickel catalytic material is characterized in that this material by nickel foam substrate and be carried on its surperficial platinum and constitute, and the platinum load capacity is 1 * 10 -4Mgcm -2To 1mgcm -2
2. according to the described platinum carried foamed nickel catalytic material of claim 1, the platinum load capacity that it is characterized in that this material is 1 * 10 -3Mgcm -2To 0.1mgcm -2
3. the preparation method of claim 1 or 2 described platinum carried foamed nickel catalytic materials, it is characterized in that adopting the method for chemically plating platinum on nickel foam, with nickel foam as matrix directly with chloroplatinic acid generation chemical reaction, make metal platinum deposit to be carried on and make platinum carried foamed nickel catalytic material on the nickel foam.
4. in accordance with the method for claim 3, it is characterized in that may further comprise the steps:
(1). to the surface preparation of nickel foam substrate: the oxide layer of cleaning the nickel foam surface with ketones solvent; Used ketones solvent is acetylacetone,2,4-pentanedione or TTA;
(2). prepare platinum acid chloride solution with deionized water, concentration is 0.2molL -1~0.0002molL -1
(3). chemically plating platinum: will the nickel foam after surface preparation be immersed in chemical reaction takes place in the platinum acid chloride solution, become neutrality to solution; The platinum acid chloride solution volume is 5mL: 1g~30mL: 1g with the ratio of nickel foam weight;
(4). the platinum carried foamed nickel taking-up is cleaned with deionized water, dried, vacuum drying then obtains required platinum carried foamed nickel catalytic material.
5. in accordance with the method for claim 4, the concentration that it is characterized in that described platinum acid chloride solution is 0.02molL -1~0.002molL -1
6. according to claim 4 or 5 described methods, it is characterized in that the described platinum acid chloride solution volume and the ratio of nickel foam weight are 10mL: 1g~20mL: 1g.
7. claim 1 or the 2 described platinum carried foamed nickel catalytic materials application in preparation alkaline electrolyte hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell.
8. according to the described application of claim 7, it is characterized in that the catalytic electrode material of described platinum carried foamed nickel catalytic material as the alkaline electrolyte hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell.
CNB2005101010020A 2005-11-11 2005-11-11 Platinum carried foamed nickel catalytic material, its preparation method and application Expired - Fee Related CN100360225C (en)

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CN101574661B (en) * 2008-05-08 2012-06-27 汉能科技有限公司 Preparation method for fixed bed Raney nickel catalyst
CN104419945A (en) * 2013-08-28 2015-03-18 中国科学院青岛生物能源与过程研究所 Method and device for preparing hydrogen by electrolyzing ammonia
CN106433552B (en) * 2016-09-27 2019-12-31 四川省新材料研究中心 Platinum catalyst for photocuring liquid silicone rubber and LED packaging adhesive composition
CN111293303B (en) * 2018-12-06 2021-06-29 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 Magnesium water battery cathode and preparation method and application thereof
CN112473692B (en) * 2020-12-10 2024-03-12 中国工程物理研究院材料研究所 Catalytic filler for separating hydrogen isotope oxide and preparation method and application thereof
CN112886027A (en) * 2021-01-14 2021-06-01 江苏大学 Direct alcohol fuel cell foam metal electrode with high catalyst utilization rate and preparation method thereof
CN114457365B (en) * 2022-01-20 2024-01-26 成都理工大学 Pt-Ni composite material, preparation method thereof and application of Pt-Ni composite material as catalyst for hydrogen production by water electrolysis

Citations (3)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH07282860A (en) * 1994-04-08 1995-10-27 Agency Of Ind Science & Technol Manufacture of alkaline secondary battery and catalytic electrode body
CN1249541A (en) * 1999-08-27 2000-04-05 钟发平 Surficially roughened foam nickel and its preparing process
CN1275457A (en) * 2000-06-22 2000-12-06 天津和平海湾电源集团有限公司 Metal strap covered with foam nickel material and making method thereof

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH07282860A (en) * 1994-04-08 1995-10-27 Agency Of Ind Science & Technol Manufacture of alkaline secondary battery and catalytic electrode body
CN1249541A (en) * 1999-08-27 2000-04-05 钟发平 Surficially roughened foam nickel and its preparing process
CN1275457A (en) * 2000-06-22 2000-12-06 天津和平海湾电源集团有限公司 Metal strap covered with foam nickel material and making method thereof

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