CN100359101C - Stilt layer for reducing frozen earth roadbed temperature field - Google Patents
Stilt layer for reducing frozen earth roadbed temperature field Download PDFInfo
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- CN100359101C CN100359101C CNB2005100960736A CN200510096073A CN100359101C CN 100359101 C CN100359101 C CN 100359101C CN B2005100960736 A CNB2005100960736 A CN B2005100960736A CN 200510096073 A CN200510096073 A CN 200510096073A CN 100359101 C CN100359101 C CN 100359101C
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Abstract
The present invention relates to an overhead layer in a novel structure, which is used for effectively reducing the temperature of a roadbed in a permafrost zone. Based on a compact stabilizing layer, the overhead layer is formed by orderly bridging units composed of concrete (reinforced concrete) oblong blocks and cover plates along the trend of the roadbed. A cover plate is arranged on a top shed, is horizontally positioned in a certain layer, and extends out of a road embankment slope to be communicated with the outside. The overhead layer has the advantages of remarkable temperature decreasing effect, simple and convenient structure and construction, low cost, wide applicable range, etc., is favorable for reducing engineering cost and protecting weak biological environment, and has a positive and important function on maintaining the long-term stability of permafrost at the lower part of the roadbed and engineering buildings.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of a kind of new structure that is used to reduce and regulate and control the subgrade in permafrost soil zone temperature.
Background technology
Frozen soil is that a kind of temperature is lower than 0 ℃ and contain the Tu Yan of ice, mainly is divided into seasonal frozen ground (first quarter moon is to the several months), ever-frozen ground (more than a year) by the length of frozen soil retention time, and its distributed areas are called Han Qu.Being covered by cold district more than 50% of world land area accounts for 75% and 21.5% of area respectively at the area of China Han Qu and ever-frozen ground.China belongs to third place in the world frozen soil big country, and high height above sea level ever-frozen ground area then occupies the first in the world.
Not only because its character of existence of ice can be melted the change that complicated and essence take place soil, and in the ever-frozen ground district,, more can form the thick thick-layer ground ice that reaches several meters even tens meters, each tool form on freezing by long-term evolution, development and variation.In wide Permafrost Area, the mineral reserve that are richly stored with, forest and land resources.Because development of resources, the thawing of thick-layer ground ice and the variation of frozen soil environment are very easily brought out in the mankind's activity that increasingly sharpens.These variations bring human engineering building and natural environment to have a strong impact on, even cause disaster.Along with the continuous commentaries on classics of global climate is warm, make this form become severe more.Because compressive strength and its temperature of frozen soil are closely related, especially the temperature when frozen soil is higher than-1 ℃, its intensity descends by exponential relationship thereupon, often works as ground temperature the variation in several years at zero point only takes place, and also can produce very big influence to engineering to frozen earth roadbed stability.If reduce roadbed temperature field, then can produce the influence of essence to subgrade stability by engineering measure.
Qinghai-Tibet Railway, Qinghai-Tibet Highway object of construction production and the Qinghai-Tibet speedway that will carry out that China builds, Xinjiang-Tibet highway, Xinjiang-Tibet railway, south water to north west lineman's journey all face high temperature (be temperature near 0 ℃ ever-frozen ground), hight-ice-content permafrost (being that the volume ice content surpasses 30% ever-frozen ground substantially), weather changes many difficult problems such as the continuous degeneration of warm ever-frozen ground.How to resolve roadbed and interaction basic and ever-frozen ground, guarantee roadbed and basis long-term stability, guarantee the stable key scientific problems that needs to be resolved hurrily that become of traffic safety operation and engineering construction.
China cold district scientific worker is based on national conditions; around Qinghai-Tibet Railway country Important Project project; under guidance with " cooling roadbed " scientific thought; be the active protection ever-frozen ground; reach the long-term stability of frozen soil engineering; closely positive exploration and system research have been carried out, comprising the system test research of ventilated embankment around various engineering measures.Ventilated embankment obtains to a certain degree application with its advantage such as easy, quick in engineering measure in the frozen soil safeguard measure.Its operating principle is in the roadbed basis in railway, highway or other linear engineering, move towards the position of vertical direction and certain depth thereof with linear engineering, according to certain spacing, parallel pipe of cement or the pvc pipe of burying go-no-go underground.By air-flow flowing and heat exchange in air chimney, the heat of embankment inside is directly shed, reduce the temperature of air chimney ambient medium, thereby reach the purpose of stablizing ever-frozen ground and improving subgrade stability.
But the outstanding problem that exists is: first, because the embankment filled soil coefficient of thermal conductivity of filling between the air chimney is higher relatively, in season at all seasons, the major part of embankment surface absorption heat is still imported in the roadbed of bottom by this part soil body, can reduce the cooling-down effect of ventilated embankment thus greatly; The second, the cooling usefulness of ventilated embankment is mainly reflected on the ventilation of air chimney, is the increase ventilation, or needs to increase the caliber of air chimney, or needs to encrypt air chimney, and the both has increased engineering construction difficulty and cost largely; The 3rd, the engineering construction difficulty is bigger.In the process of building the road, if air chimney is directly put on the embankment surface in compacting, backfill embankment filled soil again, then banketing between the air chimney then is difficult to reach bad real density, during the road operation, under the effect of top Vehicular vibration load, because this part soil body will certainly cause the differential settlement on road surface.For avoiding the generation of this situation, need be in the process of building the road in the embankment surface of compacting fluting, placement air chimney, backfill earth material, last vibratory compaction.As seen the process of building the road that difficulty of construction is more general is comparatively complicated, and has increased construction investment.
It should be noted that the sunbreaker engineering measure also is a kind of engineering measure that simply, effectively reduces roadbed ever-frozen ground temperature.Ma Wei etc. studies show that (Permafrost Area is initiatively cooled off ground based method research, dirt band, 2002 5 phases), this kind engineering measure is by blocking the sheet material of solar radiation at the domatic built on stilts one deck of embankment, can effectively reduce the domatic heat absorption of roadbed, by the temperature of domatic cooling and then reduction roadbed bottom ever-frozen ground.But,, be difficult to carry out in the future maintenance and vegetation recovery, simultaneously because the strong reflect light effect has caused visual pollution and traffic safety hidden danger to roadbed because sunbreaker is to the domatic effect of blocking.Make sunbreaker be difficult in engineering practice, be applied.
Therefore, cool off the pluses and minuses of the engineering measure of ever-frozen ground at difference, analyze with advantage integrated by difference being reduced roadbed ever-frozen ground temperature methods, seek the engineering measure that some more effectively reduce the ever-frozen ground temperature, have important guidance and reference function for from now on ever-frozen ground district engineering construction.
Summary of the invention
According to ventilated embankment in Qinghai-Tibet Railway is used scientific achievement and some problems of existence, the present invention proposes a kind of aerial construction form that is used to reduce the subgrade in permafrost soil zone thermal field, and by the field inspection data, the measure of indoor this kind of simulation calculation analytical proof is a kind of simple, effectively, construction costs is cheap relatively, the engineering measure of easy construction, the advantage of this kind measure is integrated ventilated embankment and sunbreaker engineering measure, constructed the aerial construction form that reduces the subgrade in permafrost soil zone thermal field, realize reducing the purpose of roadbed temperature effectively, thereby guaranteed the long-term stability of ever-frozen ground and engineering construction.
Purpose of the present invention can reach by following measure:
A kind of Stilt layer that reduces frozen earth roadbed temperature field, certain thickness stabilized zone is laid in its bottom, build in an orderly manner with road-trend by each unit of concrete (or steel concrete or steel fiber concrete) pane and cover plate combination on the aspect, the top canopy has cover plate, level is positioned at the certain aspect of embankment, and extends that embankment is domatic to communicate with the external world.
Above-mentioned stabilized zone is meant concrete (or steel concrete or the steel fiber concrete) plate that lay the bottom; Or be covered with by concrete (or steel concrete or steel fiber concrete) lath for the bottom; Or be covered with burned brick for the bottom; Or be covered with that one deck has certain thickness cement stabilizing layer or for the lime stabilization layer or for the industrial residue stabilized zone for the bottom; Or banket for compact embankment.
Pane and cover plate unit or be the combination of multilayer.
Above-mentioned pane or be cubic block;
Pane, cubic block or the brick that is fired into for clay.
Build in the forming process at embankment, on the embankment certain altitude, certain thickness closely knit stabilized zone is laid in the bottom, concrete (or steel concrete) pane and cover plate built according to the certain way combination to be become 0.1-2.0 rice thickness, communicates with the external world, banket thereon again, finish the architectural process of whole roadbed with this.
For understanding the advantage place of Stilt layer engineering measure, be necessary its cooling usefulness is done further understanding from mechanism.For the cold area that has ever-frozen ground, it is the abundant and necessary condition that ever-frozen ground exists that annual mean ground temperature in top layer, ground is lower than 0 ℃.Constantly absorb heat in the face of land under the effect of solar radiation, so surface temperature will exceed certain degree than temperature, this corresponding average temperature of the whole year in class area often is-2.0 ℃.This radiation heating effect has been eliminated in the sunbreaker engineering measure just, and the surface temperature that can make top lay sunbreaker is the temperature temperature substantially.Feng Wenjie etc. (application study of sunshade in cold district highway construction, geotechnical engineering journal, in September, 2003) studies show that surface temperature differs 3 ℃ substantially inside and outside the sunshade of area, Qinghai-Tibet wind volcano.Not hard to imagine, if exist in a certain position of embankment have certain thickness, with the extraneous aspect that fully communicates, promptly be equivalent to this embankment more than position is maked somebody a mere figurehead, can make the temperature of this layer near average temperature of the whole year equally.The more important thing is, effect also be equivalent to isolation layer, this is because the whole relatively embankment heat-transfer area of heat-transfer area of the support of Stilt layer is much smaller, the heat that the embankment surface absorbs is easy to shed by this layer, and be difficult to the transmission of bottom roadbed, fully avoided above-mentioned ventilated embankment because the harmful effect that soil body transmission heat causes usefulness to descend between the air chimney.The advantage of Stilt layer is integrated ventilated embankment and sunbreaker engineering measure has been brought into play heat insulation and two kinds of effects of cross-ventilation heat exchange, can reduce the subgrade in permafrost soil zone temperature effectively, and ever-frozen ground and subgrade stability are improved significantly.
The beneficial effect of advantage of the present invention and generation is:
1, cooling usefulness is outstanding, engineering stability usefulness is obvious.This is this invention biggest advantage.At first, Stilt layer has completely cut off the embankment surface and has absorbed the heat passage that the subordinate passes in roadbed, has stoped the transmission to the bottom ever-frozen ground of heat, promptly has been equivalent to till now Qinghai-Tibet Railway with the effect of bridge for the road engineering measure; Secondly, by Stilt layer embankment inside can be fully and the external world carry out exchange heat, the top soil body is equivalent to play the effect of sunbreaker, because heat abundant exchange at any time, the Stilt layer soffit is totally near air themperature, and year-round average temperature will be lower than about 2 ℃ of natural surfaces like this.As seen under the effect of this engineering measure, bottom ever-frozen ground ground temperature can obtain continuing to reduce, can be effectively, keep the long-term stability of frozen soil engineering.
2, be easy to implement, cost is cheap relatively.Because the material that uses is mainly concrete (or steel concrete) and sheet material, can fast a large amount of at the scene processings, build rapidly, need not ventilated embankment and sunbreaker complicated construction process and complicated operation, be convenient to very much the application of engineering reality.Because this layer is a voided layer, and its materials are more saved, the piece stone roadbed of engineering cost Qinghai-Tibet Railway employing now greatly reduces simultaneously.With the Qinghai-Tibet Railway is example, because Qinghai-Tibet ever-frozen ground district mostly is upland plain, the building stones field is away from the job site, with regard to the jackstone roadbed after the moulding, because riprap layer increases every kilometer about more than 1,000 ten thousand of engineering cost.If use this kind hollow material, increase every kilometer about 100～2,000,000 of integrated cost by calculating.By indoor computational analysis, its intensity is equivalent to now be used for the intensity of engineering practice jackstone roadbed, can satisfy the requirement of engineering practice to this layer intensity fully.This shows the cost performance of the excellence of this kind invention.Therefore, simple, the cost of construction is cheap relatively also is one of outstanding advantage of this invention.
3, wide application, be convenient to popularize.Because this kind measure is simple in structure, cost is cheap relatively, cooling usefulness is outstanding, obtains easily popularizing and using widely.The necessary and sufficient condition that ever-frozen ground exists is that face of land year-round average temperature is 0 ℃, and implements approaching-2 ℃ of the annual mean ground temperature that this kind measure can make the embankment bottom.As seen, as long as construct roadbed in the zone that ever-frozen ground exists, this kind measure all can play a role, and the temperature of original ever-frozen ground is constantly reduced, but also can keep the long-term stability of roadbed.
4, can be used for the improvement of the bad engineering disease in cold district.Because the annual mean ground temperature of the embankment that this kind measure makes bottom has reduced more than 2 ℃, for some because the violent seasonal frozen ground district of frost heave and thaw collapse and the periglacial zone of ever-frozen ground, can the embankment bottom soil body be freezed by this kind measure, avoid subgrade soil frequently to freeze and melt the destruction that the frost heave that causes and thaw collapse produce road.
5, the simplicity of this kind measure and validity help reducing construction costs, shorten the engineering construction cycle and help the protection of fragile ecological environment.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the embodiment of the invention 1 schematic diagram
Fig. 2 is a invention process Stilt layer roadbed schematic diagram
Fig. 3 is common roadbed field data and the contrast of theoretical result of calculation
Fig. 4 is an observed temperature monthly average curve in the ventilated embankment air chimney
Fig. 5 be common roadbed-4m and-8m degree of depth place ground temperature change procedure in time
Fig. 6 be ventilated embankment-4m and-gm degree of depth place ground temperature change procedure in time
Fig. 7 be Stilt layer roadbed-4m and-8m degree of depth place ground temperature change procedure in time
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention is further described again:
Embodiment 1
Field condition processing or indoor prefabrication are produced steel concrete cube, cuboid and plate.
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of Stilt layer that reduces frozen earth roadbed temperature field is built to 0.5m in that embankment filled soil is closely knit.The cement stabilizing layer that at first lay the roadbed bottom, compacting 0.2m spreads, after treating cement stabilizing layer maintenance moulding, on this stable aspect, build each unit of concrete (or steel concrete or steel fiber concrete) pane 1 and cover plate 2 combinations more in an orderly manner according to certain mode with road-trend.Spacing is arranged around piece and the piece in the Stilt layer, form ventilation stack, thickness is 0.30m, and level places roadbed certain position (see figure 2).Build in an orderly manner with road-trend, spacing is arranged around piece and the piece, form ventilation stack, the top canopy has cover plate 2, and level is positioned at the certain aspect of embankment, and communicates with the external world.
For preventing that embankment filled soil from stopping up the Stilt layer port, extends the domatic certain distance of embankment with Stilt layer.
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of reduction frozen earth roadbed temperature field Stilt layer is by embodiment 1, lays one deck lime stabilization layer in the bottom, stablizes the multilayer Stilt layer of building with cubic block on the aspect, bed thickness 1.0m.Between the piece, the space of piece under the correspondence of last piece center interlocks and discharges, and places the roadbed certain position up and down.On cover plate 2, banket then, finish the architectural process of whole roadbed with this.
Experimental example: common roadbed, ventilated embankment, Stilt layer roadbed test contrast
For verifying the validity of this kind technology, we utilize the field data at Chinese Academy of Sciences's frozen soil engineering National Key Laboratory Qinghai-Tibet Highway and experimental area, river, railway northern foot, made up computation model, the large-scale analog computation software of the Marc that utilizes frozen soil engineering National Key Laboratory of the Chinese Academy of Sciences to purchase has carried out the analogue simulation analysis.For the authenticity and the validity of checking computation model, at first common roadbed has been carried out the analog computation analysis, and contrasted with field data.Measured result is taken from the thermometric data of the common roadbed centre bore at Qinghai-Tibet Highway experimental area, river, northern foot.Can see by actual measurement on September 15th, 3 and result of calculation after the common roadbed moulding of Fig. 3, both temperature basically identicals, worst error is no more than 0.5 ℃, and only has the shallow-layer face.Fig. 3 middle-shallow layer field data is owing in the embankment molding construction process, stack the higher institute of the temperature of banketing extremely a little more than result of calculation, if this kind of place to go influence both should unanimity.Show that by contrast computation model makes up rationally, the simulation calculation analysis that can be used to be correlated with.
For verifying the validity of this kind technology, in above-mentioned model, apart from the height of ground surface 0.5, in the embankment internal build one deck 30cm and the extraneous Stilt layer that communicates, we utilize in the ventilated embankment air chimney of experimental area the internal temperature of field data (Fig. 4) the fixed support dead level in 2003～2004 years.Other fringe conditions, primary condition, constitutive relation are identical with above-mentioned common roadbed model.For understanding the satisfy the need influence of temperature field, base of different roadbed structure, we choose-4m and the time dependent result of calculation of .8m depth correlation ground temperature.In engineering reality, the section of ground ice content maximum often on the position of this degree of depth, and be under the engineering function influence ground temperature change the most violent, and the section that engineering stability is had the greatest impact.
By common roadbed simulation calculation as a result Fig. 5 as seen, after the embankment moulding, because the heat-absorbing action on embankment surface causes the temperature of ever-frozen ground to continue to raise.In-4m the degree of depth, ground temperature the 3rd year is elevated to-0.7 ℃ by-1.4 ℃; In-8m the degree of depth, ground temperature the 4th year by approximately-1.2 ℃ be elevated to more than-1 ℃.Because when the frozen soil compress variation presents trend, the especially temperature when frozen soil that index increases and is higher than-1 ℃ with the rising of temperature, violent variation will take place in the frozen soil change amount.By result of calculation as seen, hight-ice-content permafrost section after the roadbed moulding, frozen soils temperature are in-8m scope, and especially at-4m depth bounds, the temperature of ever-frozen ground all is elevated in-1 ℃ of scope fast.Consider the influence of ground temperature to the frozen soil strain, lasting violent sedimentation and deformation will take place in roadbed, and during highway operation, roadbed is with serious unstability.Yu Qihao etc. (analyze by the Qinghai-Tibet Highway subgrade deformation, dirt band, 2002 5 phases) discovering the Qinghai-Tibet Highway sedimentation and deformation, after Qinghai-Tibet Highway training works completion in two years, the sedimentation and deformation that continues has taken place in highway, in ever-frozen ground typical case location, the maximum settlement deflection reaches annual mean 4.9cm.Therefore, consider the influence of ground temperature sedimentation and deformation, further verified in the analog simulation calculating, make up the accuracy of model and result of calculation.
By the ventilated embankment simulation calculation as a result Fig. 6 be-3.5 ℃ as seen at average temperature of the whole year, surface temperature is-1 ℃ area, and is basicly stable at-4m ground temperature in the-8m scope in the time in 20 years, and slightly reduces, ventilated embankment is stable.This shows the cooling effect of ventilation.But it should be noted that if be higher than-3.5 ℃ area at average temperature of the whole year because the heat transfer effect between ventilation quantitative limitation and the air chimney, ventilated embankment then is difficult to safeguard the stable of ever-frozen ground and roadbed.
From built on stilts roadbed simulation calculation as a result Fig. 7 as seen, diverse change shape takes place in ground temperature.Roadbed ground temperature continues to reduce, meet or exceed below-2 ℃ in-8m scope at-4m, according to ever-frozen ground engineering zoning and classification, such ever-frozen ground range of instability has been converted into the ever-frozen ground stable region in less than the time in 5 years, and ever-frozen ground and roadbed are highly stable in the time in 20 years.
Above-mentioned result of the test shows: the outstanding effect that Stilt layer reduces frozen earth roadbed temperature field is better than ventilated embankment and sunbreaker.Meeting or exceeding below-2 ℃ in-8m scope at-4m, is the temperature of 0 scale well below ventilated embankment and sunbreaker nature interface depth.From built on stilts roadbed simulation calculation result, in the time in 20 years, can keep the stable of ever-frozen ground and roadbed.
Claims (5)
1, a kind of Stilt layer that reduces frozen earth roadbed temperature field, certain thickness stabilized zone (3) is laid in the bottom that it is characterized in that Stilt layer, stablize on the aspect and build in an orderly manner with road-trend by each unit of concrete or steel concrete or steel fiber concrete for making pane (1) and cover plate (2) combination, in the Stilt layer, spacing is arranged around pane and the pane, form ventilation stack, the top canopy has cover plate (2), level is positioned at the certain aspect of embankment, and extends that embankment is domatic to communicate with the external world.
2, the Stilt layer of reduction frozen earth roadbed temperature field as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that above-mentioned stabilized zone (3) is meant the concrete of bottom laying or the plate of steel concrete or steel fiber concrete for making; Or be covered with lath for the bottom by concrete or steel concrete or steel fiber concrete for making; Or be covered with burned brick for the bottom; Or be covered with that one deck has certain thickness cement stabilizing layer or for the lime stabilization layer or for the industrial residue stabilized zone for the bottom; Or banket for compact embankment.
3, the Stilt layer of reduction frozen earth roadbed temperature field as claimed in claim 1, its feature pane (1) and cover plate (2) unit are the combination of multilayer.
4, the Stilt layer of reduction frozen earth roadbed temperature field as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that Stilt layer thickness is 0.1-2.0 rice.
5, the Stilt layer of reduction frozen earth roadbed temperature field as claimed in claim 1, the brick that the above-mentioned pane (1) of its feature is fired into for clay.
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Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN104818667A (en) * | 2015-03-27 | 2015-08-05 | 重庆交通大学 | Solar radiation prevention structure used for protecting concrete structure body on existing bridge |
| CN107201701B (en) * | 2016-03-17 | 2023-07-07 | 中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院 | Full-wall ventilation type frozen soil ventilation embankment |
| CN107201702B (en) * | 2016-03-17 | 2023-04-14 | 中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院 | Convection regulated full wall ventilation ventilating type frozen soil ventilating embankment |
| CN108193575A (en) * | 2017-12-20 | 2018-06-22 | 张昆 | The anti-freeze expansion structure and its paving method of seasonal frozen soil region roadbed |
| CN108316082B (en) * | 2018-05-10 | 2023-09-29 | 俞祁浩 | Cooling structure of frozen soil roadbed slope and hollow laminated structure for cooling |
| CN111832190B (en) * | 2020-07-28 | 2024-06-07 | 中国石油天然气集团有限公司 | Installation design method for oil pipeline in high-cold frozen soil area |
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| CN2583200Y (en) * | 2002-11-14 | 2003-10-29 | 中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所 | Heat insulating cold transmitting building block used for protecting frozen earth |
| CN1556284A (en) * | 2004-01-08 | 2004-12-22 | 中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所 | Composite temperature controlled ventilation roadbed |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN2583200Y (en) * | 2002-11-14 | 2003-10-29 | 中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所 | Heat insulating cold transmitting building block used for protecting frozen earth |
| CN1556284A (en) * | 2004-01-08 | 2004-12-22 | 中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所 | Composite temperature controlled ventilation roadbed |
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