CN100357735C - High temperature high pressure oil well cement paste coagulation instrument and its coagulation time measuring method - Google Patents
High temperature high pressure oil well cement paste coagulation instrument and its coagulation time measuring method Download PDFInfo
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- CN100357735C CN100357735C CNB2005100207690A CN200510020769A CN100357735C CN 100357735 C CN100357735 C CN 100357735C CN B2005100207690 A CNB2005100207690 A CN B2005100207690A CN 200510020769 A CN200510020769 A CN 200510020769A CN 100357735 C CN100357735 C CN 100357735C
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- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 77
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 239000003129 oil well Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 230000015271 coagulation Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 238000005345 coagulation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 238000006703 hydration reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 230000036571 hydration Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005485 electric heating Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000002343 natural gas well Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000011440 grout Substances 0.000 description 42
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000004861 thermometry Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010561 standard procedure Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 101150038956 cup-4 gene Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 2
- 208000034189 Sclerosis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000019994 cava Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004519 grease Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001802 infusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011326 mechanical measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003209 petroleum derivative Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 1
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- Investigating Or Analyzing Materials Using Thermal Means (AREA)
- Consolidation Of Soil By Introduction Of Solidifying Substances Into Soil (AREA)
Abstract
本发明是一种能模拟不同井深及静态条件下，测量环空水泥浆在高温高压环境中，其凝结状态及相应时间的方法，它适用于石油及天然气固井、挤水泥、注水泥塞及堵漏等作业。本发明可解决油井水泥浆在高温高压环境中，测量其不同凝结过程的初、终凝结时间。本测量方法是根据油井水泥水化放热温度变化，确定其水泥浆的初、终凝结时间；先将釜体预热至实验温度，配好的水泥浆倒入浆杯，浆杯放入釜体内，加盖密封，待釜体内外温度恒定后，将压力加至实验压力；启动数据处理系统，由计算机自动记录显示水泥浆浆体的温度变化情况；根据时间——温度变化曲线，确定水泥浆的初、终凝结时间。它采用间接接触式连续测量温度变化，解决了高温高压下测量难的问题。
The invention is a method capable of simulating different well depths and static conditions, and measuring the coagulation state and corresponding time of annular cement slurry in a high-temperature and high-pressure environment. It is suitable for oil and natural gas well cementing, cement extrusion, cement plugging and Plugging and other operations. The invention can solve the problem of measuring the initial and final setting times of the different setting processes of the oil well cement slurry in the environment of high temperature and high pressure. This measurement method is to determine the initial and final setting time of the cement slurry according to the temperature change of oil well cement hydration exotherm; firstly, the kettle body is preheated to the experimental temperature, the prepared cement slurry is poured into the slurry cup, and the slurry cup is put into the kettle Inside the body, cover and seal it. After the temperature inside and outside the kettle is constant, increase the pressure to the experimental pressure; start the data processing system, and the computer will automatically record and display the temperature change of the cement slurry; according to the time-temperature change curve, determine the cement The initial and final setting time of slurry. It uses indirect contact to continuously measure temperature changes, which solves the problem of difficult measurement under high temperature and high pressure.
Description
Technical field:
The present invention relates to a kind of can the simulation preferably under different well depths and the static condition, measure the annular space grout in high temperature and high pressure environment, its coagulated state and corresponding time method.It is applicable to operations such as petroleum and natural gas well cementation, squeeze method, cementing plug and leak stopping.
Background technology:
In oil, gas prospecting drilling well, bored thousands of meters well depths after, fixed, the packing borehole wall prevents that rock caves in the well, is to increase oil, gas well life-span, improves the key technical problem of oil gas well potential.Technical term fixed, the packing borehole wall is referred to as casing and cementing.Casing and cementing is with the sleeve pipe RIH, again oil well cement paste is gone into to overlap pipe orifice with infusion, replaces between the annular to the borehole wall and sleeve pipe, and the static fixed borehole wall in back that solidifies is called for short cementing.In the oil well cement paste coagulation process, different coagulated state and corresponding time variation ranges thereof constantly to preventing oil, gas, water breakthrough problem that annular space grout " weightlessness " causes and the bonding quality that improves cement mantle, have important and practical meanings.
At present, the different coagulated states of oil well cement paste reach just, final setting time can only be measured under normal pressure and general temperature maintenance, employed surveying instrument is a Vicat apparatus, also once used similar dimension card measuring method to measure first, the final setting time of grout under the High Temperature High Pressure situation, but because of its rugged environment, make mechanical measurement not satisfactory, do not use.In order to solve oil well cement paste in high temperature and high pressure environment, measure first, the final setting time of its different condensation processes, instruct field practice, the special grout of using is in condensation process, the phenomenon of hydration heat temperature variation, determine the presetting period that its grout begins to plastify and have the final setting time of solidification intensity, the former is reflected in the hydration heat temperature and begins to raise a little, and the latter reflects that temperature begins drop point.Because the rising point that hydration heat begins all is the same with this rule of drop point to all grouts.Therefore, as long as measure the temperature variation curve of grout in corresponding high temperature and high pressure environment, can determine first, the final setting time of different slurries.According to conditions down-hole, regulate and the control grout just, final setting time, can improve the ability of the bonding quality of cement mantle and grease proofing, gas, water breakthrough.
Summary of the invention:
In order to solve oil well cement paste in high temperature and high pressure environment, measure first, the final setting time of its different condensation processes, special measuring method and the grout coagulation instrument that proposes a kind of oil well cement paste coagulation time.
The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems is: according to the phenomenon of oil well cement hydration heat temperature variation, determine its grout presetting period that begins to plastify and the final setting time with solidification intensity.Particular content is:
1. hydrated cementitious law of heat release and to measuring Temperature Influence
At oil well cement composition mesosilicic acid DFP 3CaO.SiO
2(be called for short C
3S) content studies show that up to about 70%, C
3The hydration of S can be represented the hydration characteristics of cement, and it plays a part leading to cement setting.As shown in Figure 1, C
3The aquation process of S is divided into five stages: induce in advance, induce, quicken, slow down and spread.Wherein induce in advance, induce, acceleration and deceleration phase be involved in the present invention.Heat release speed is rapid in pre-induction period, but generally has only tens seconds to a few minutes, is to occur in grout system to join the stage, does not have influence to measuring temperature; In induction period, because heat release speed is mild, there is no obvious influence to measuring temperature, its time length is relevant with the prescription and the water cement ratio of grout; Boost phase and deceleration phase are called solidification stages, and in boost phase, heat release speed is obviously accelerated, and have a significant effect to measuring temperature, and in deceleration phase, heat release speed has obviously slows down phenomenon on the contrary.Therefore, can make first, final setting time that corresponding discrimination standard is determined grout according to the rule of hydrated cementitious heat release and the exploration result of characteristics and foundation experiment.
2. experimental technique and experimental result contrast
Grout is first, the final setting time definition, and initial set is final set time for beginning to experience to the sclerosis of energy bearing certain pressure when the cement water transfer for beginning to lose to part the time interval of plasticity when the cement water transfer.The general Vicat apparatus that adopts is measured.Vicat apparatus gauge head general assembly (TW) is 300g, the chaining pin of front end band one length, during measurement by the free-falling of grout face, when chaining pin can not penetrate the examination body again and the required time be called the grout presetting period in base plate 5mm the time, in can only entering the examination body, chaining pin is called the grout final setting time during 0.5～1mm.According to this standard method and measuring method of the present invention, three kinds of different grout prescriptions, two kinds of water cement ratio and two experimental temperatures have been carried out the contrast experiment under normal pressure, its experiment condition and the results are shown in Table 1.By table 1 explanation, the relative error of thermometry and standard method of measurement is less, and its maximum error has only 6.3%, and average relative error is 3.42%.Therefore, the measuring method of the present invention's employing is believable.
3. adopt thermometry to determine that grout is first, the standard of final setting time
According to measured time-temperature variation curve (referring to Fig. 3～Fig. 8), it determines that the presetting period of oil well cement paste and the standard of final setting time are: when temperature curve changes, the pairing time was the presetting period of grout when its temperature rose to the temperature difference and is 0.5 ℃; When temperature curve was changed to maximum point and has just begun to descend, promptly when the maximum temperature difference point began to descend, its pairing timing definition was the final setting time of grout.
Two kinds of measuring methods measurements of table 1 grout is first, the experiment comparing result of final setting time
| The grout prescription | Water cement ratio | Experimental temperature ℃ | Standard law | Thermometry | Relative error % | ||||
| Initial set min | Final set min | Initial set min | Final set mm | Maximum temperature difference ℃ | Initial set | Final set | |||
| The G class g cement | 0.44 | 75 | 148 | 180 | 141 | 173 | 5 | 4.7 | 3.9 |
| 0.50 | 160 | 205 | 152 | 192 | 4.5 | 5.0 | 6.3 | ||
| G class g cement+0.2%SXY+1%LT-2 | 0.44 | 83 | 475 | 525 | 462 | 510 | 3.5 | 2.7 | 2.9 |
| 0.5 | 515 | 568 | 495 | 556 | 3 | 3.9 | 2.1 | ||
| G class g cement+0.2%SXY+0.2%HS-2A | 0.44 | 83 | 532 | 568 | 516 | 556 | 3 | 3.0 | 2.1 |
| 0.50 | 556 | 625 | 545 | 610 | 2.8 | 2.0 | 2.4 | ||
| Average relative error, % | 3.42 | ||||||||
Measuring method of the present invention, its technical characterictic is: adopt oil well cement paste coagulation instrument of the present invention, experiment front opening electrothermal tube is preheated to experimental temperature by heating medium with kettle, then the grout for preparing is poured into the slurry cup, to starch cup and put into kettle, add the kettle cover sealing, temperature sensor will be placed in the kettle cover center pit, after treating the temperature constant of the temperature of grout in the kettle and heating medium, pressure is added to experimental pressure by volume pump; While log-on data disposal system, automatically write down and show the temperature variations of grout slurry in the kettle by computing machine, make the time---the grout temperature variation curve, determine the presetting period and the final setting time of its grout by the temperature difference of the temperature of each point on the curve and experimental temperature.
The oil well cement paste coagulation instrument that the present invention relates to mainly is made up of kettle, the compression system of heating, slurry cup, temperature sensor and computer data processing system.Its architectural feature is: placement can be held the slurry cup of 400ml grout in the kettle, the hole is opened at the kettle cover center, process a hollow cylinder in the kettle cover lower end, temperature sensor is put into the right cylinder that has endoporus from the perforate of kettle cover upper end, temperature variations when temperature sensor can be sensed tested grout slurry hydration heat by right cylinder, temperature sensor is connected with computer processing system, but the temperature variations of grout in continuous coverage and the record kettle; Kettle is equipped with the temperature control system that adds that well heater, heating medium and temperature regulating device form outward, and the temperature range of heating is 27 ℃～200 ℃; The connection of kettle one side is equipped with manometric volume pump, and the top pressure that volume pump provided is 100Mpa.
The present invention has following beneficial effect compared with prior art: (1) can simulate under different well depths and the static condition, and oil well cement paste is measured first, the final setting time of its different condensation processes in high temperature and high pressure environment; (2) curing temperature of the maximum of this device is 200 ℃, and maximum pressure is 100Mpa, has satisfied the required condition of general well depth; (3) it adopts the method for indirect contact formula continuous coverage temperature variation, and is convenient and simple for operation, has solved and measure difficult problem under High Temperature High Pressure.
Description of drawings
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the invention will be further described for implementation step and example.
Fig. 1 is C
3The hydration reaction heat release speed of S and hydration time plot.Among the figure: v. heat release speed, t. hydration time; C
3Five stages of the aquation process of S: a. induces in advance, and b. induces, and c. quickens, and d. slows down, the e. diffusion, and f. is a saturated line.
Fig. 2 is a High Temperature High Pressure oil well cement paste coagulation instrument synoptic diagram of the present invention.Among the figure: 1. volume pump, 2. kettle, 3. tensimeter, 4. slurry cup, 5. grout, 6. kettle cover, 7. temperature sensor, 8. temperature is transferred, 9. data handling system, 10. electrothermal tube, 11. temperature controllers, 12. power supplys.
Fig. 3 is the situation of change of G class g cement magma slurry temperature under uniform temp, Different Water-Cement Ratio condition, and pressure is normal pressure.Among the figure: 13. water cement ratio, 0.44,14. water cement ratio 0.50,15. is condensation point just, 16. final set point.
Fig. 4 is the situation of change of G class g cement+0.2%SXY+1%LT-2 grout slurry temperature under uniform temp, Different Water-Cement Ratio condition, and pressure is normal pressure.
Fig. 5 is the situation of change of G class g cement+0.2%SXY+0.2%HS-2A grout slurry temperature under uniform temp, Different Water-Cement Ratio condition, and pressure is normal pressure.
Fig. 6 is the situation of change of G class g cement magma slurry temperature under identical water cement ratio, different temperatures and pressure condition, water cement ratio 0.44.Among the figure: 17. pressure are 59.5Mpa, and 18. pressure are 37Mpa.
Fig. 7 is the situation of change of G class g cement+0.2%SXY+1%LT-2 grout slurry temperature under identical water cement ratio, different temperatures and pressure condition, water cement ratio 0.44.
Fig. 8 is the situation of change of G class g cement+0.2%SXY+0.2%HS-2A grout slurry temperature under identical water cement ratio, different temperatures and pressure condition, water cement ratio 0.44.
Embodiment
The grout for preparing according to requirement of experiment.Open electrothermal tube 10 earlier, kettle 2 is preheated to experimental temperature (surface temperature+(well depth * underground temperature gradient)).Pour the grout 5 for preparing into slurry cup 4, will starch cup 4 and put into kettle 2, add kettle cover 6 sealings.After the temperature for the treatment of grout 5 in the kettle and the temperature constant of heating medium, open volume pump 1, pressure is added to experimental pressure by tensimeter 3 observations.Automatically write down the temperature variations that shows the grout slurry by computer processing system 9, determine first, the final setting time of grout by variation of temperature trend by the standard of the present invention's formulation.
Carry out following instantiation according to the aforesaid operations method:
1. according to the oil well cement paste of three kinds of different performances of API standard preparation, see Table 2;
2. by 18 ℃ of surface temperatures fifty-fifty throughout the year, underground temperature gradient is 2.1 ℃/100m, and is 2000m and 3190m according to well depth, determines the experimental temperature and the pressure (seeing Table 2) of oil well cement paste.
First, the final setting time of different grouts under table 2 different experimental conditions
| The grout prescription | Water cement ratio | Experimental temperature ℃ | Experimental pressure MPa | Thermometry | ||
| Initial set min | Final set min | Maximum temperature difference ℃ | ||||
| The G class g cement | 0.44 | 60 | 37 | 255 | 298 | 4.5 |
| 0.44 | 85 | 59.5 | 108 | 144 | 5 | |
| G class g cement+0.2%SXY+1%LT-2 | 0.44 | 60 | 37 | 324 | 388 | 3.5 |
| 0.44 | 85 | 59.5 | 430 | 482 | 3.5 | |
| G class g cement+0.2%SXY+0.2%HS-2A | 0.44 | 60 | 37 | 530 | 595 | 3.5 |
| 0.44 | 85 | 59.5 | 485 | 532 | 3.2 | |
By table 1, table 2 and Fig. 3～Fig. 8 as can be known:
1. the rising point that begins of hydrated cementitious heat release all is the same with this rule of drop point to all grouts; Therefore, can utilize this rule to solve first, the final setting time problem that is difficult for measuring oil well cement paste under the High Temperature High Pressure;
2. the relative error of thermometry and standard method of measurement is less, and its maximum error has only 6.3%, and average relative error is 3.42%.Therefore, the measuring method of the present invention's employing is adoptable.
3. water cement ratio size, promptly the content of cement is influential to the size of measuring the temperature difference in the unit volume, therefore, for the temperature difference susceptibility of measuring the few low weight cement slurry of cement content, still needs and does further research.
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| CN100357735C true CN100357735C (en) | 2007-12-26 |
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