Be applied to the preparation method of the ceramic powder material of precinct laser sintering for quick formation
Technical field
The invention belongs to the laser fast shaping field.A kind of preparation method who is applied to the ceramic powder material of precinct laser sintering for quick formation has particularly been proposed.
Background technology
The stupalith industry is taking place deep and significant the variation under the double excitation of the development in Hi-Tech and the market requirement.Stupalith itself has a lot of good characteristics, in recent years because the development of many new technology novel procesies has further improved the performance of stupalith again, this makes the Application Areas of ceramic product constantly expand, but the high rigidity of stupalith, high-wearing feature make its moulding and processing face very big challenge.A lot of ceramic members are complex-shaped, adopt traditional removal moulding or are forced to moulding process when carrying out moulding, and the moulding difficulty is big, and the scrap rate height is difficult to moulding even.This problem is outstanding to be reflected on the ceramic component for preparing complex construction.(SelectiveLaser Sintering SLS) is expected to solve this difficult problem to existing precinct laser sintering technology.
A kind of as in the commercialization in the RP technology of SLS because it possesses the diversified characteristics of formed material, thereby has been subjected to extensive concern.SLS technology is directly to come moulding by the densification to powdered material, be laser beam under the control of computer according to the section information that obtains by cad data, powder is carried out sintering, after one deck is finished, bed thickness of worktable decline, carry out the shop powder sintering of back one deck again, so the final three-dimensional objects that forms of circulation.Theoretically, any powder that can produce sintering, bonding or curing reaction under heat effect all can be as the SLS formed material.The sharpest edges that the precinct laser sintering technology is compared other rapid shaping techniques are restrictions that it does not have the materials used aspect, can moulding the part of random geometry almost, to containing cantilever design (Overhangs), the part manufacturing of grooving in hollow structure (Hollowedareas) and the groove (Notches within Notches) structure is effective especially.Briefly say, after all are heated mutually the powdered material of gluing or surface be covered with thermoplastic (Gu) powder of property bonding agent all can be used as the SLS material.But, studies show that, the material that really is suitable for SLS must have good thermoplastic (Gu) thermal conductivity of property, appropriateness, narrower " softening---solidify " temperature range, after laser sintered thermosetting, enough bonding actions to be arranged.
Existing commercial SLS equipment adopts CO more
2Laser source, power is little, wavelength is big, and it is lower to be sintered the temperature that powder reality can reach, and makes that ceramic powder is difficult to be easy to sinter molding as resin, paraffin, metal and ABS plastic.Therefore to carry out surface coating modification to ceramic powder, promptly in ceramic powder, add a certain amount of low melting point binding agent, ceramic powder is coated processing, in laser sintered process, fusing takes place and ceramic powder is bonded together in binding agent, becomes the model that can carry out following process, have certain intensity.
At present, the used binding agent of ceramic powder that is applied to laser fast shaping comprises three kinds of mineral binder bond, organic binder bond and metal adhesives etc.For example, adopt mineral binder bond primary ammonium phosphate (NH
4H
2PO
4) coated aluminum oxide (Al
2O
3) powder; Adopt organic binder bond methyl methacrylate (Polymethyl Methacrylate is called for short PMMA) to coat silicon carbide (SiC) powder etc.; At aluminum oxide (Al
2O
3) add metal adhesive Al powder etc. in the ceramic powder.In the technical study of SLS forming process of ceramics, adopt PMMA as binding agent coating ceramic powder more.The add-on of binding agent is very big, makes that the shared volume fraction of ceramic powder in the base substrate is too small, and problems such as cracking, distortion appear in the base substrate of laser sintering (SLS) easily in last handling process.People (Cheng Jun, Bai Peikang, Liu Bin etc. such as Cheng Jun for example.The peritonaeum ceramic powder material that is used for laser sintering fast formed ceramic parts.The patent No. 02110360.7) at the resin-coated class organic membrane in ceramic powder surface, make ceramic powder can be used for laser sintering rapid forming.The weight ratio of wherein organic overlay film and ceramic powder is that the composition and the consumption of 72.01~415.02: 1000. its organic peritonaeums is respectively: wetting agent 1~5 gram of anhydrous sorbitol lipid or alkyl polyoxyethylene ether class, lubricant 1~10 gram of paraffin or stearic acid or butyl stearate, dispersion agent 0.01~0.02 gram of nonionogenic tenside or anion surfactant or aggretion type tensio-active agent, polyvinyl acetate (PVA), the polypropylene acid esters, polystyrene, polypropylene, ethylene copolymer, polyamide-based, organic resin 60~300 grams of the different melting points of thermoplastic polyester combination, flow promotor 10~100 grams of silicon dioxide powder or silicon carbide or silicon nitride powder.The ceramic powder that coats obtains the powder of 160~300 order granularities behind ball milling.The consumption of surface peritonaeum is big, and problems such as cracking, distortion appear in base substrate easily that be shaped on the SLS instrument in last handling process.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to propose a kind of preparation method who is applied to the ceramic powder material of precinct laser sintering for quick formation, prepare the ceramic powder of the surface modification that can be applied to precinct laser sintering (SLS).
Preparation technology of the present invention is: at first adopt polymerization to prepare organic binder bond, utilize prepared binding agent that ceramic powder is carried out mechanically mixing or spraying coating, the ceramic powder that obtains carrying out moulding on the SLS molding device then.
The polymerization of organic binder bond is synthetic to be with water, organic monomer, initiator, emulsifying agent, buffer reagent, stopper six class material polymerizations in proportion.Described water is deionized water.Described organic monomer is: 1~8 kind combination in methyl methacrylate, butyl methacrylate, alpha-methyl styrene, methacrylic acid, methylacrylic acid, methacrylic acid ester, iso-butylene acid anhydrides, MAAm, methoxy ethylene, the vinylbenzene.Described initiator is Potassium Persulphate, ammonium persulphate, benzoyl peroxide, Diisopropyl azodicarboxylate, titanium tetrachloride, lanthanide series metal halogenide, aluminium trimethide oxide compound.Described stopper is n-butyl-3-mercaptopropionic acid ester, iso-octyl-3-mercaptopropionic acid ester, thiophenol, lauryl mercaptan.Described emulsifying agent is a sodium lauryl sulphate.Described buffer reagent is sodium bicarbonate, sodium hydroxide, ammoniacal liquor, monoammonium sulfate.
The monomeric total amount that polymerization is used and the weight ratio of water are 20: 100~80: 100, and preferred proportion is 40: 100~60: 100.The consumption of emulsifying agent, buffer reagent, stopper and the weight ratio of water be 0.01: 100~and 2: 100, preferred proportion is 0.05: 100~and 1.5: 100.The consumption of initiator and the weight ratio of water are 0.1: 100~8: 100, and preferred proportion is 0.5: 100~6: 100.
The ceramic powder that is coated is micro mists such as multiple ceramic powder such as silicon nitride, silicon carbide, zirconium white, aluminum oxide, silicates and aluminate class.The ceramic powder that is coated cleans in rare sodium bicarbonate, dilute hydrochloric acid and deionized water in order, and is dry in loft drier.The consumption weight ratio of polymkeric substance and ceramic powder is 0.02: 1~0.2: 1, preferred 0.05: 1~0.1: 1.
The condition of polyreaction: nitrogen or argon gas atmosphere, temperature of reaction are 20~90 ℃, and the reaction times is 0.5~6 hour.The condition of ceramic powder surface coating modification: a kind of is to adopt mechanically mixing to coat, and temperature range is at 50~150 ℃; Another kind is to adopt spray-drying process coating ceramic powder, and temperature range is at 100~250 ℃.
The present invention carries out polyreaction and surface coating modification under these conditions, obtains being used for the ceramic powder of rapid prototyping at last.
The performance characterization of prepared polymkeric substance and polymer surfaces coating modification ceramic powder comprises: its composition that adopted Infrared spectroscopy.Adopted DSC and TG tracing analysis its second-order transition temperature and thermolysis situation.Adopt SEM to observe the pattern of the ceramic powder that coats.
The invention has the advantages that: prepared a kind of organic binder bond, and used this organic binder bond that ceramic powder (as silicon nitride, silicon carbide, aluminum oxide etc.) is coated, final preparation can be applied to the ceramic coated powder of precinct laser sintering.Make it have the rapid shaping that addition is few, functional, Forming Quality is high, be convenient to remove in aftertreatment, help to realize pottery.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the embodiment of the invention 2 multipolymer infrared absorpting light spectras
Fig. 2 is the embodiment of the invention 5 multipolymer TG-DSC curves
Fig. 3 is the mechanical coated Si of the embodiment of the invention 9
3N
4The SEM pattern of powder
Fig. 4 is the spraying drying coated Si of the embodiment of the invention 5
3N
4The SEM pattern of powder
Embodiment
Embodiment 1: the aqueous solution that will contain emulsifying agent and buffer reagent is put into the three-necked flask that mechanical stirrer is housed, and feeds nitrogen, adds alpha-methyl styrene, methacrylic acid and stopper after 15 minutes.Under agitation mix.Add initiator subsequently, react after 1 hour and take out.Whole reaction system is in the water-bath of 70 ℃ of constant temperature.
The used material of table 1 and use scale
|
Solvent |
Organic monomer |
Buffer reagent |
Initiator |
Emulsifying agent |
Stopper |
Material |
H
2O
|
Alpha-methyl styrene |
Methacrylic acid |
Ammoniacal liquor |
SmCl
2 |
Sodium lauryl sulphate |
Iso-octyl-3-mercaptopropionic acid ester |
Consumption |
100g |
50g |
20g |
0.20g |
0.50g |
1.00g |
1.0g |
The Al of particle diameter≤0.125mm
2O
3After powder uses rare sodium carbonate solution and distilled water to clean through suction filtration, with dry gained Al
2O
3Powder and multipolymer in beaker add a spot of water with mass ratio and mix at 9: 0.5, put into 140 ℃ baking oven afterwards, smoke to surpass after 12 hours in air and take out.
Embodiment 2: the aqueous solution that will contain emulsifying agent and buffer reagent is put into the three-necked flask that mechanical stirrer is housed, and feeds nitrogen, adds methyl methacrylate, butyl methacrylate and stopper after 15 minutes.Under agitation mix.Add initiator subsequently, react after 30 minutes and take out.Whole reaction system is in the water-bath of 50 ℃ of constant temperature.
The used material of table 2 and use scale
|
Solvent |
Organic monomer |
Buffer reagent |
Initiator |
Emulsifying agent |
Stopper |
Material |
H
2O
|
Methyl methacrylate |
Butyl methacrylate |
Sodium bicarbonate |
Potassium Persulphate |
Sodium lauryl sulphate |
Lauryl mercaptan |
Consumption |
70g |
35g |
12g |
0.07g |
4.50g |
0.70g |
0.56g |
With particle diameter≤0.125mmSi
3N
4After powder uses rare sodium carbonate solution and distilled water to clean through suction filtration, Si
3N
4Add the 2g multipolymer among the every 20g of powder, after the mechanically mixing, be higher than under 100 ℃ the condition dry.
Embodiment 3: the aqueous solution that will contain emulsifying agent and buffer reagent is put into the three-necked flask that mechanical stirrer is housed, and feeds nitrogen, adds iso-butylene acid anhydrides, methoxy ethylene and stopper after 15 minutes.Under agitation mix.Add initiator subsequently, react after 2 hours and take out.Whole reaction system is in the water-bath of 90 ℃ of constant temperature.
The used material of table 3 and use scale
|
Solvent |
Organic monomer |
Buffer reagent |
Initiator |
Emulsifying agent |
Stopper |
Material |
H
2O
|
The iso-butylene acid anhydrides |
Methoxy ethylene |
Sodium bicarbonate |
Ammonium persulphate |
Sodium lauryl sulphate |
Thiophenol |
Consumption |
80g |
15g |
5g |
0.03g |
1.80g |
0.30g |
0.2g |
With particle diameter≤0.125mmSi
3N
4After powder uses rare sodium carbonate solution and distilled water to clean through suction filtration, dry gained Si
3N
4Powder and the multipolymer newly prepared are 9: 1 ratio with mass ratio, adopt spray-drying process to coat.
Embodiment 4: the aqueous solution that will contain emulsifying agent and buffer reagent is put into the three-necked flask that mechanical stirrer is housed, and feeds nitrogen, adds methacrylic acid ester and stopper after 15 minutes.Under agitation mix.Add initiator subsequently, react after 5 hours and take out.Whole reaction system is in the water-bath of 60 ℃ of constant temperature.
The used material of table 4 and use scale
|
Solvent |
Organic monomer |
Buffer reagent |
Initiator |
Emulsifying agent |
Stopper |
Material |
H
2O
|
Methacrylic acid ester |
Ammoniacal liquor |
Benzoyl peroxide |
Sodium lauryl sulphate |
Lauryl mercaptan |
Consumption |
100g |
50g |
0.05g |
5.40g |
0.50g |
0.25g |
With particle diameter≤0.125mmZrO
2After powder uses rare sodium carbonate solution and distilled water to clean through suction filtration, dry gained ZrO
2Powder and the multipolymer newly prepared are 9: 0.6 ratio with mass ratio, adopt spray-drying process to coat.
Embodiment 5: the aqueous solution that will contain emulsifying agent and buffer reagent is put into the three-necked flask that mechanical stirrer is housed, and feeds nitrogen, adds methyl methacrylate, vinylbenzene and stopper after 15 minutes.Under agitation mix.Add initiator subsequently, react after 2 hours and take out.Whole reaction system is in the water-bath of 90 ℃ of constant temperature.
The used material of table 5 and use scale
|
Solvent |
Organic monomer |
Buffer reagent |
Initiator |
Emulsifying agent |
Stopper |
Material |
H
2O
|
Methyl methacrylate |
Vinylbenzene |
Ammoniacal liquor |
Potassium Persulphate |
Sodium lauryl sulphate |
Thiophenol |
Consumption |
70g |
35g |
13 |
0.07g |
4.0g |
0.50g |
1g |
With particle diameter≤0.125mm Si
3N
4After powder uses rare sodium carbonate solution and distilled water to clean through suction filtration, dry gained Si
3N
4Powder and the multipolymer newly prepared are 9: 1 ratio with mass ratio, adopt spray-drying process to coat.
Embodiment 6: the aqueous solution that will contain emulsifying agent and buffer reagent is put into the three-necked flask that mechanical stirrer is housed, and feeds nitrogen, adds iso-butylene acid anhydrides, MAAm, methoxy ethylene and stopper after 15 minutes.Under agitation mix.Add initiator subsequently, react after 6 hours and take out.Whole reaction system is in the water-bath of 20 ℃ of constant temperature.
The used material of table 6 and use scale
|
Solvent |
Organic monomer |
Buffer reagent |
Initiator |
Emulsifying agent |
Stopper |
Material |
H
2O
|
The iso-butylene acid anhydrides |
MAAm |
Methoxy ethylene |
Sodium hydroxide |
Titanium tetrachloride |
Sodium lauryl sulphate |
Thiophenol |
Consumption |
100g |
35g |
15g |
25g |
0.5g |
7.6g |
2g |
1.9g |
After using rare sodium carbonate solution and distilled water to clean through suction filtration the particle diameter≤0.125mm SiC powder, dry gained SiC powder and the multipolymer of newly preparing are 9: 0.1 ratio with mass ratio, and the employing spray-drying process coats.
Embodiment 7: the aqueous solution that will contain emulsifying agent and buffer reagent is put into the three-necked flask that mechanical stirrer is housed, feed nitrogen, add methyl methacrylate, butyl methacrylate, methacrylic acid, alpha-methyl styrene, vinylbenzene and stopper after 15 minutes.Under agitation mix.Add initiator subsequently, react after 4 hours and take out.Whole reaction system is in the water-bath of 70 ℃ of constant temperature.
The used material of table 7 and use scale
|
Solvent |
Organic monomer |
Buffer reagent |
Initiator |
Emulsifying agent |
Stopper |
Material |
H
2O
|
Methyl methacrylate |
Butyl methacrylate |
Methacrylic acid |
Alpha-methyl styrene |
Vinylbenzene |
Ammoniacal liquor |
Diisopropyl azodicarboxylate |
Sodium lauryl sulphate |
N-butyl-3-mercaptopropionic acid ester |
Consumption |
100g |
10g |
10g |
5g |
5g |
5g |
1.2g |
7.0g |
1.5g |
1.6g |
After using rare sodium carbonate solution and distilled water to clean through suction filtration the particle diameter≤0.125mm SiC powder, dry gained SiC powder and the multipolymer of newly preparing are 9: 1.2 ratio with mass ratio, and the employing spray-drying process coats.
Embodiment 8: the aqueous solution that will contain emulsifying agent and buffer reagent is put into the three-necked flask that mechanical stirrer is housed, and feeds nitrogen, adds methyl methacrylate and stopper after 15 minutes.Under agitation mix.Add initiator subsequently, react after 0.5 hour and take out.Whole reaction system is in the water-bath of 50 ℃ of constant temperature.
The used material of table 5 and use scale
|
Solvent |
Organic monomer |
Buffer reagent |
Initiator |
Emulsifying agent |
Stopper |
Material |
H
2O
|
Methyl methacrylate |
Sodium bicarbonate |
Potassium Persulphate |
Sodium lauryl sulphate |
Lauryl mercaptan |
Consumption |
70g |
15g |
0.008g |
0.105g |
0.008g |
0.01g |
After using rare sodium carbonate solution and distilled water to clean through suction filtration the particle diameter≤0.125mm SiC powder, dry gained SiC powder and the multipolymer of newly preparing are 9: 1.5 ratio with mass ratio, and the employing spray-drying process coats.
Embodiment 9: the aqueous solution that will contain emulsifying agent and buffer reagent is put into the three-necked flask that mechanical stirrer is housed, feed nitrogen, add methyl methacrylate, butyl methacrylate, methacrylic acid, alpha-methyl styrene, vinylbenzene, iso-butylene acid anhydrides, methoxy ethylene and stopper after 15 minutes.Under agitation mix.Add initiator subsequently, react after 6 hours and take out.Whole reaction system is in the water-bath of 90 ℃ of constant temperature.
The used material of table 5 and use scale
|
Solvent |
Organic monomer |
Buffer reagent |
Initiator |
Emulsifying agent |
Stopper |
Material |
H
2O
|
Methyl methacrylate |
Butyl methacrylate |
Methacrylic acid |
Alpha-methyl styrene |
Vinylbenzene |
The iso-butylene acid anhydrides |
Methoxy ethylene |
Sodium bicarbonate |
Potassium Persulphate |
Sodium lauryl sulphate |
Thiophenol |
Consumption |
100g |
5g |
5g |
5g |
5g |
5g |
5g |
5g |
1.8g |
6.5g |
1.5g |
1g |
With particle diameter≤0.125mm Si
3N
4After powder uses rare sodium carbonate solution and distilled water to clean through suction filtration, dry gained Si
3N
4Powder and the multipolymer newly prepared are 9: 0.8 ratio with mass ratio, adopt mechanical process to coat.