CN100351538C - Mechanical-permanent magnetic suspension composite shaft - Google Patents
Mechanical-permanent magnetic suspension composite shaft Download PDFInfo
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- CN100351538C CN100351538C CNB2004100979282A CN200410097928A CN100351538C CN 100351538 C CN100351538 C CN 100351538C CN B2004100979282 A CNB2004100979282 A CN B2004100979282A CN 200410097928 A CN200410097928 A CN 200410097928A CN 100351538 C CN100351538 C CN 100351538C
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- shaft
- bearing
- composite
- air gap
- permanent magnetic
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a mechanical and permanent magnetic suspension composite shaft, wherein the composite shaft is a main shaft made from ferromagnetic metal, which is respectively provided with conical mechanical clutch shafts. Two annular permanent magnetic suspension shafts are arranged at the outer sides of the two conical mechanical clutch shafts in a different polarity mode. Composite bearings are in two structures which are independent and identical, and are respectively sheathed in the remote end position and the near end position of the composite shaft. The composite bearings are provided with one bearing support seat. Conical mechanical clutch bearings and two annular permanent magnetic suspension bearings which are corresponding to the positions of the conical mechanical clutch shafts and the annular permanent magnetic suspension shafts on the composite shaft are respectively fixed in the bearing support seat. An air gap sensing electromagnetic control part is composed of an air gap sensor, a computer and an electromagnet, wherein the electromagnet is installed in a metallic framework. One end of the metallic framework is connected with the bearing supporting seat in the near end position of the composite shaft, the electromagnet is corresponding to a ferromagnetic clutch cap at the near end of the composite shaft, and an air gap from 0.3mm to 25mm is arranged between the electromagnet and the ferromagnetic clutch cap. The other end of the metallic framework is connected with a heat insulation cabin for installing the computer.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to that a kind of employing " mechanical axis and bearing ", " permanent magnetic suspending shaft and bearing " are combined with each other and by " air gap sensor-computer-electromagnet " control " axle with support " technique system of clutch between mechanical support and permanent magnetic levitation supporting state down.In brief, be exactly machinery-permanent magnetic suspension composite shaft and bearing and automatic control technology system thereof.
Background technique
Certain air gap is arranged between magnetic suspension shaft and the bearing, and they do not contact in the course of the work.Therefore, not having friction during work, do not generate heat, rotating speed height, low, the long service life of energy consumption, is the replacement technology of generally acknowledging, " green electronic product ".Various countries competitively develop in this technical field, and China has also reached advanced international standard in this field.As the 160xDS50M Active Magnetic Suspending Bearing technology of Shanghai university research and development, maximum speed 50000r/min; Power is 4.5-22kw.This technology is Shanghai University's exhibition project in the International Industry fair of Shanghai in 2004, and number of patent application is 200310107945.5.
Adopt initiatively that the major defect of electromagnetic suspension supporting technology is, the six-freedom degree of magnetic suspension bearing is all by air gap sensing Electromagnetic Control, therefore caused shortcomings such as energy consumption height, poor reliability, volume are big, cost height.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of permanent magnetic suspending shaft and mechanical axis to be fixed on a machinery-permanent magnetic suspension composite shaft on the main shaft.Corresponding permanent-magnet suspension bearing of permanent magnetic suspending shaft on the main shaft in this composite shaft and mechanical axis and mechanical bearing are separately fixed on two bearings, one end of one of them bearing is provided with electromagnet and coupled air gap sensor and computer, they have constituted automatic control system, the technique system that this " axle " and " bearing " can be worked alone under machine performance and two kinds of conditions of state of suspension.Volume of the present invention is little, in light weight, simple and direct safe and reliable, the low cost of manufacture of control, and is energy-conservation, of many uses in various lathes, vehicle, motor, magnetic suspension train.
Machinery-permanent magnetic suspension composite shaft that the present invention proposes and bearing and automatic control technology system thereof by composite shaft, compound uranium hold, air gap sensor electromagnetism automatic control system three parts constitute, wherein:
The composite shaft part, make main shaft by ferromagnetic metal, be provided with two cone of mechanical clutch shafts at the middle part of main shaft, in the outside of cone of mechanical clutch shaft, be symmetrically arranged with two permanent magnetic suspending shafts, each permanent magnetic suspending shaft all is made of two annular permanent magnet utmost points, a ring wherein is the N utmost point, another ring is for the S utmost point, is provided with ferromagnetism clutch cap at an end of main shaft, and the other end and middle part are the positions that drive wheel and active wheel are installed.
The composite bearing part is made up of two separate units, and the composite bearing of each separate unit all is made of cone of mechanical Engaging-and-disengaging bearing and permanent-magnet suspension bearing.Its spatial position is corresponding with cone of mechanical clutch shaft and permanent magnetic suspending shaft on the main shaft respectively, and is fixed on the bearing.The tapering strict conformance of the hole taper of cone of mechanical Engaging-and-disengaging bearing and cone of mechanical clutch shaft, and surface-brightening are guaranteed " from separating ", " close and seamless ".Permanent-magnet suspension bearing is made of two annular permanent magnet utmost points, and a ring is for the N utmost point, and another ring is the S utmost point, respectively with main shaft on the N utmost point and the S of permanent magnetic suspending shaft extremely corresponding, be provided with the air gap of 1-30mm between the two, homopolarity formation is relatively scolded suspending power.
Air gap sensing electromagnetism automatic control part, constitute by air gap sensor, computer, electromagnet, this system is installed in an end of composite bearing bearing, and wherein electromagnet is corresponding with the ferromagnetism clutch cap on the main shaft, and the air gap between electromagnet and the clutch cap is 0.3-25mm.Computer is installed in the insulated hold of bearing outermost end, and the air gap sensor is installed in the central position of the central corresponding clutch cap of electromagnet.When electromagnet under off working state, the longitudinal flux field force between permanent magnetic suspending shaft and the permanent-magnet suspension bearing cone of mechanical clutch shaft is advanced and compacting within the cone of mechanical Engaging-and-disengaging bearing, mechanical bearing is in running order.Work as sensor, computer, behind the power connection of electromagnet, just electromagnet is in running order down, sensor is passed to computer with the electromagnet that records and the air gap distance signal between the clutch cap, computer compares itself and standard air gap distance: as between the two apart from the overgauge air gap time, then the computer follow procedure increases the electric current in the electromagnet, make electromagnetic attraction overcome longitudinal flux field force between magnetic suspension shaft and the bearing, the clutch cap of pulling main shaft is to moving near the electromagnet direction, arrival standard air gap, this moment, cone of mechanical clutch shaft and cone of mechanical Engaging-and-disengaging bearing disengaged, and started working between permanent magnetic suspending shaft and the permanent-magnet suspension bearing; If between the two distance is during less than the standard air gap distance, then the computer follow procedure reduces the electric current in the electromagnet, make electromagnetic attraction less than the longitudinal flux field force between permanent magnetic suspending shaft and the permanent-magnet suspension bearing, under the latter's effect, clutch cap on the main shaft and the air gap between the electromagnet increase, and recover the standard air gap.Hence one can see that, and the suspension working procedure of permanent magnetic suspending shaft and bearing also is that the balance of electromagnetic attraction and its longitudinal flux repulsion is crossed toothed oak, but this vibration displacement is extremely small, controllable.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a general structure generalized section of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a composite shaft generalized section of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a composite bearing generalized section of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is the mounting interface generalized section of composite bearing of the present invention and air gap sensing automatic electromagnetic control system thereof.
Fig. 5 is an air gap sensing electromagnetism automatic control system generalized section of the present invention.
Embodiment
The following stated content is the detailed description of in conjunction with the accompanying drawings the present invention being done, and should not be understood that it is limitation of the invention.
See also Fig. 1, be general structure cross-sectional schematic of the present invention, as can be seen from the figure, composite shaft 1 is set in two composite bearings 2,3, and an end of composite shaft 1 is provided with clutch cap 8, also is provided with electromagnet 19, air gap sensor 27 and computer 24 in a side of composite bearing 3.
The structure of composite shaft 1 is described in conjunction with Fig. 2.For ease of describing, composite shaft 1 is divided into three sections, an end that wherein is connected with clutch cap 8 is called near-end, and its other end is called far away section, is called middle-end in the middle of it.Composite shaft 1 has a main shaft 5, make by the ferromagnetic steel material, middle-end at main shaft 5 is provided with two cone of mechanical clutch shafts 6 and 6 ', the outside at two cone of mechanical clutch shafts 6, be respectively to establish two annular permanent magnet levitation axis 7 between cone of mechanical clutch shaft 6 and the near-end and between cone of mechanical clutch shaft 6 ' and the far-end, these two annular permanent magnet levitation axis 7 are opposed polarity, and just wherein a ring is the S utmost point, and another ring then is the N utmost point.Near-end at main shaft 5 is fixed with the clutch cap 8 that a ferromagnetic substance is made with screw.The middle-end of main shaft 5 and far-end are wheel shafts 9, and this wheel shaft 9 is provided with fixedly keyway 10, are the positions that is used to install drive wheel or active wheel.Wheel shaft 9 is to process with main shaft 5 one.Cone of mechanical clutch shaft 6 is made by metal alloy, and permanent magnetic suspending shaft 7 is such as but not limited to NdFeB (neodymium iron boron) by high magnetic energy level permanent-magnet material and makes, and they all use bolt and main shaft 5 fixing.
The structure of composite bearing 2 is described in conjunction with Fig. 3.Bearing 11 is skeletons of composite bearing 2,3.The both sides of bearing 11 are provided with fixed plate 12, and this fixed plate 12 is constituent elements of bearing 11, and both are made into integration.Fixed plate 12 is provided with two fixed holes 13, is used for composite bearing of the present invention is fixed on the car body of train.Cone of mechanical Engaging-and-disengaging bearing 14 is installed in the side in the bearing 11, two annular permanent magnet suspension bearings 17 be installed in the bearing 11 in, right part, these two annular permanent magnet suspension bearings 17 are set to opposed polarity.In the time of in composite shaft 1 is set in composite bearing 2, these two annular permanent magnet suspension bearings 17 are relative with corresponding annular permanent magnet levitation axis 7 magnetic pole homopolarities on the composite shaft 1 respectively, and air gap scope each other is 1-30mm, and both scold suspending power at formation.The both sides of bearing 11 are by sealing cover 15 screw tightening compactings, and sealing cover 15 central authorities are provided with spindle hole 16.Bearing 11 and sealing cover 15 material therefors do not have strict the qualification, if the firm degree of material reach usage requirement all can, such as metal or nonmetallic material: iron, copper, aluminum alloy or engineering plastics etc.; Permanent-magnet suspension bearing 17 is such as but not limited to NdFeB by high magnetic energy level material and makes.
Seeing also Fig. 4, is the generalized section of composite bearing 3 of the present invention, but with the difference of composite bearing 2 shown in Figure 3 be that the bearing spider 11 in the composite bearing 3 is provided with the interface 18 that connects aftermentioned air gap sensing Electromagnetic Control part by composite shaft 1 proximal end; This bearing spider connects a sealing cover 15 by middle-end place screw.Sealing cover 15 among Fig. 4 and sealing cover 15 shown in Figure 3 offer spindle hole 16 coaxially.
See also Fig. 5, be the generalized section of air gap sensor electrical magnetic brake control system 4 of the present invention.Air gap sensing control part, constitute by air gap sensing 27, computer 24, electromagnet 19, wherein electromagnet 19 is installed in the metal frame 20, one end of this metal frame 20 is a screw thread 21, be connected with interface 18 sealing threads of composite bearing 3, make electromagnet 19 corresponding with the ferromagnetism clutch cap 8 on the composite shaft 1, the air gap between this electromagnet 19 and the clutch cap 8 is 0.3-25mm; Air gap sensor 27 is common photoelectric sensor, is installed on the electromagnet and the central position of corresponding clutch cap 8.The side of this metal frame 20 has heat radiation window 22, so that electromagnet 19 heat radiations, the other end of metal frame 20 connects an insulated hold 23 with screw, and computer 24 is installed in the cabin body 25 of insulated hold 23, and cabin body 25 is connected with metal frame 20 usefulness screw mouths 26.Be provided with wire guide 28 between heat insulation calculating cabin 23 and electromagnet 19 and the air gap sensing 27 and be communicated with, and separate by thermal-protective coating 29 and electromagnet.
Pass through foregoing description, just can understand the working principle of machinery-permanent magnetic suspension composite shaft of the present invention and bearing and automatic control technology system thereof: when air gap sensing electromagnetism automatic control system is closed, longitudinal flux field force between permanent magnetic suspending shaft 7 and the bearing 17 advances cone of mechanical clutch shaft 6 also, and compacting makes mechanical axis and bearing in running order in cone of mechanical Engaging-and-disengaging bearing 14.When air gap sensing electromagnetism automatic control system is opened, air gap sensor 27 transfers to computer 24 with the electromagnet 19 that records and the air gap distance between the clutch cap 8, computer 24 compares itself and predefined standard air gap (occurrence of setting must be the arbitrary value in the 0.3-25mm scope): if between the two apart from the overgauge air gap time, then computer 24 follow procedures increase the electric current in the electromagnet 19, make electromagnetic attraction can overcome longitudinal flux field force between magnetic suspension shaft 7 and the magnetic suspension bearing 17, pulling clutch cap 8 (being composite shaft) are to moving near electromagnet 19 directions, make and reach the standard air gap between the two, this moment, cone of mechanical clutch shaft 6 disengaged with cone of mechanical Engaging-and-disengaging bearing 14, started working between permanent magnetic suspending shaft 7 and the permanent-magnet suspension bearing 17; If between the two distance is during less than the standard air gap, then computer 24 follow procedures reduce the electric current in the electromagnet 19, make electromagnetic attraction less than the longitudinal flux field force between permanent magnetic suspending shaft 7 and the permanent-magnet suspension bearing 17, the air gap between clutch cap 8 under the latter's the effect (being composite shaft) and electromagnet 19 increases recovery standard air gap.Hence one can see that, and the working procedure of permanent magnetic suspending shaft 7 and bearing 17 also be the homeostasis process of electromagnetic attraction and its longitudinal magnetic field repulsion, but the vibration displacement of this transient equiliblium is extremely small, controlled.
Machinery-permanent magnetic suspension composite shaft of the present invention and bearing and automatic control technology system thereof have the following advantages:
1, volume is little, in light weight, is equivalent to 50% of active electromagnetic suspension technology;
2, energy-saving effect is remarkable, reaches 40-60%;
3, cost is low, can reduce cost more than 40%;
4, machinery with the magnetic suspension two states under switch operating, control simple and direct safe and reliable, the operation Stable.
Claims (10)
1. a machinery-permanent magnetic suspension composite shaft mainly is made of composite shaft, composite bearing, air gap sensing electromagnetism automatic control system three parts, wherein:
Composite shaft, a main shaft of making for ferromagnetic metal, the middle-end of this main shaft and far-end are the wheel shaft that is used to install wheel, respectively are provided with a cone of mechanical clutch shaft respectively in the both sides of middle-end wheel shaft, are provided with two annular permanent magnet levitation axis respectively in the outside of two cone of mechanical clutch shafts opposed polarity;
Composite bearing, be two independences and identical structure, be set in the far-end and the proximal end of composite shaft respectively, each composite bearing all has a bearing spider, its two ends of bearing spider that wherein are set in the composite shaft far-end are respectively in conjunction with a sealing cover, and another bearing spider is provided with the interface that connects aftermentioned air gap sensing Electromagnetic Control part by the composite shaft proximal end, and this bearing spider leans on the middle-end place in conjunction with a sealing cover, above-mentioned sealing cover offers spindle hole coaxially, to lay above-mentioned composite shaft; The cone of mechanical clutch shaft in the bearing on the corresponding composite shaft and the position of annular permanent magnet levitation axis are fixedly provided with a cone of mechanical Engaging-and-disengaging bearing and two annular permanent magnet suspension bearings respectively;
After composite shaft and composite bearing are installed, each cone of mechanical clutch shaft on the composite shaft respectively with each cone of mechanical Engaging-and-disengaging bearing fit, each annular permanent magnet levitation axis respectively with each annular permanent magnet suspension bearing same polarity fit, and have the 1-30mm gap between each annular permanent magnet levitation axis and its corresponding each annular permanent magnet suspension bearing, make each annular permanent magnet levitation axis scold suspending power with the relative formation of homopolarity between the two of corresponding annular permanent magnet suspension bearing;
Air gap sensing Electromagnetic Control part, constitute by air gap sensor, computer, electromagnet, wherein electromagnet is installed in the metal frame, one end of this metal frame is connected with the bearing spider of composite shaft proximal end, make electromagnet corresponding with the ferromagnetism clutch cap of composite shaft near-end, be provided with the air gap of 0.3-25mm between the two, the other end connection one of this metal frame is used to install the insulated hold of computer; The air gap sensor is installed on the electromagnet, and the central position of corresponding clutch cap;
Machinery-permanent magnetic suspension composite shaft of forming by said apparatus, be in off working state following time in outage, also compacting is within the cone of mechanical Engaging-and-disengaging bearing with the propelling of cone of mechanical clutch shaft for longitudinal flux field force between permanent magnetic suspending shaft and the permanent-magnet suspension bearing, and mechanical bearing is in running order; In running order down at power connection, electromagnet attracts the electro permanent magnetic clutch cap on the composite shaft, and the cone of mechanical clutch shaft is separated with its bearing; The air gap sensor is passed to computer with the electromagnet that records and the air gap distance signal between the clutch cap, computer compares itself and standard air gap distance: as between the two apart from the overgauge air gap time, computer increases the electric current in the electromagnet, make electromagnetic attraction overcome longitudinal flux field force between permanent magnetic suspending shaft and the permanent-magnet suspension bearing, the clutch cap of pulling main shaft arrives the standard air gap to moving near the electromagnet direction; If between the two distance is during less than the standard air gap distance, then computer reduces the electric current in the electromagnet, make electromagnetic attraction less than the longitudinal flux field force between permanent magnetic suspending shaft and the permanent-magnet suspension bearing, under the latter's effect, clutch cap on the main shaft and the air gap between the electromagnet increase, and recover the standard air gap.
2. machinery-the permanent magnetic suspension composite shaft of claim 1 is characterized in that, the annular permanent magnet suspension bearing in annular permanent magnet levitation axis on the composite shaft and the bearing spider is that neodymium-iron-boron magnetic material is made.
3. machinery-the permanent magnetic suspension composite shaft of claim 1 is characterized in that, the annular permanent magnet levitation axis on the composite shaft is fixed by bolts on the main shaft.
4. machinery-the permanent magnetic suspension composite shaft of claim 1 is characterized in that, the wheel shaft that wheel is installed is provided with fixedly keyway.
5. machinery-the permanent magnetic suspension composite shaft of claim 1 is characterized in that, between the sealing cover at composite bearing two ends and the bearing spider for being threaded.
6. machinery-the permanent magnetic suspension composite shaft of claim 1 is characterized in that, between the metal frame of air gap sensing Electromagnetic Control part and the bearing spider for being threaded.
7. machinery-the permanent magnetic suspension composite shaft of claim 1 is characterized in that, between the metal frame of air gap sensing Electromagnetic Control part and the insulated hold that is used to install computer for being threaded.
8. claim 1 or machinery-permanent magnetic suspension composite shaft of 7 is characterized in that the metal frame side offers the heat radiation window.
9. machinery-the permanent magnetic suspension composite shaft of claim 1 is characterized in that, the air gap sensor is a photoelectric sensor.
10. machinery-the permanent magnetic suspension composite shaft of claim 1 is characterized in that, the bearing spider of composite bearing and sealing cover are made with metal or nonmetallic material.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB2004100979282A CN100351538C (en) | 2004-12-06 | 2004-12-06 | Mechanical-permanent magnetic suspension composite shaft |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB2004100979282A CN100351538C (en) | 2004-12-06 | 2004-12-06 | Mechanical-permanent magnetic suspension composite shaft |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1786498A CN1786498A (en) | 2006-06-14 |
| CN100351538C true CN100351538C (en) | 2007-11-28 |
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB2004100979282A Expired - Fee Related CN100351538C (en) | 2004-12-06 | 2004-12-06 | Mechanical-permanent magnetic suspension composite shaft |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN100351538C (en) |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5663116A (en) * | 1979-10-26 | 1981-05-29 | Seiko Instr & Electronics Ltd | Magnetic bearing device |
| JPS63190930A (en) * | 1987-02-03 | 1988-08-08 | Koyo Seiko Co Ltd | Magnetic bearing device |
| DE19715356A1 (en) * | 1997-04-12 | 1998-10-22 | Wtz Motoren & Maschforsch Gmbh | Magnetic bearing for fast-rotating components e.g. centrifuge or flywheel |
| CN2334944Y (en) * | 1998-05-18 | 1999-08-25 | 李沂清 | Supported magnetic suspension bearing |
| CN2597738Y (en) * | 2002-12-11 | 2004-01-07 | 中国科学院电工研究所 | Hybrid magnetic suspension bearing |
-
2004
- 2004-12-06 CN CNB2004100979282A patent/CN100351538C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5663116A (en) * | 1979-10-26 | 1981-05-29 | Seiko Instr & Electronics Ltd | Magnetic bearing device |
| JPS63190930A (en) * | 1987-02-03 | 1988-08-08 | Koyo Seiko Co Ltd | Magnetic bearing device |
| DE19715356A1 (en) * | 1997-04-12 | 1998-10-22 | Wtz Motoren & Maschforsch Gmbh | Magnetic bearing for fast-rotating components e.g. centrifuge or flywheel |
| CN2334944Y (en) * | 1998-05-18 | 1999-08-25 | 李沂清 | Supported magnetic suspension bearing |
| CN2597738Y (en) * | 2002-12-11 | 2004-01-07 | 中国科学院电工研究所 | Hybrid magnetic suspension bearing |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN1786498A (en) | 2006-06-14 |
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Granted publication date: 20071128 Termination date: 20131206 |