CN100347509C - Operation method of head exchanger - Google Patents
Operation method of head exchanger Download PDFInfo
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- CN100347509C CN100347509C CNB031211836A CN03121183A CN100347509C CN 100347509 C CN100347509 C CN 100347509C CN B031211836 A CNB031211836 A CN B031211836A CN 03121183 A CN03121183 A CN 03121183A CN 100347509 C CN100347509 C CN 100347509C
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- steam
- heat exchanger
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- heated
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Abstract
The present invention provides an operation method of a heat exchanger for easily and economically removing a sticking object by cleaning a heat transfer wall surface at proper time before the sticking object excessively sticks and accumulates on the heat transfer wall surface on the side of a heating object fluid. This operation method of the heat exchanger exchanges heat between the heating object fluid and steam for heating the heating object fluid via a heat transfer wall. Absolute pressure of the steam in the heat exchanger is increased according to a quantity of sticking object sticking to the heat transfer wall surface on the side of the heating object fluid, and the sticking object is removed when 1.01<P<n>/P<1><1.8 on steam absolute pressure P<1>in the heat exchanger before sticking of the sticking object and steam absolute pressure P<n> in the heat exchanger after sticking of the sticking object is satisfied while maintaining a heat transfer speed to the heating object fluid from the steam almost constant.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to use fluid (hereinafter referred to as process fluid) that steam, heating circulate in various technologies etc. to be heated the method for operation of the heat exchanger of fluid.
Background technology
In the reboiler of destilling tower and the preheater of various devices etc., the general use adds the such heat exchanger that is heated fluid of thermal imagery process fluid by heat mediums such as steam.
Such heat exchanger, normally be heated this steam that is heated fluid of fluid and heating and carry out heat exchange through heat conductive wall, but along with remaining in operation, attachment is attached on the heat transfer wall that is heated fluid side, the overall heat-transfer coefficient of heat exchanger reduces, and is reduced to the heat transfer rate that is heated fluid by steam.Here as attachment, for example, have to be heated that the impurity that contains in the fluid is separated out and owing to the compound that some reaction generates takes place impurity, also have because the compound that some reaction generates etc. takes place a part of principal component that is heated fluid.
If, then produce and fully to heat the unfavorable situation that is heated fluid along with the increase heat transfer rate of such attachment reduces.Therefore, in order to be heated fluid stable and to be heated to the temperature of regulation fully, can carry out following method: make the absolute pressure of the steam in the heat exchanger rise, improve the temperature of steam by amount, make and keep approximately constant to the heat transfer rate that is heated fluid by steam according to attachment.
Then, generally in the time of periodical repair time of for example factory etc., wash this heat exchanger, remove the attachment that adheres on the heat transfer wall.
Summary of the invention
Yet, be shell-and-tube exchanger at for example heat exchanger, be heated under the situation that fluid flows at pipe side place, if attachment excessively adheres to, accumulates on the side wall surface that the above-mentioned heat transfer wall that is heated fluid side is a pipe, the problem that exists so-called final pipe meeting to block owing to attachment.And, be when containing the liquid of easily polymerizable material being heated fluid, if pipe produces such obstruction, the easily polymerizable material will be trapped in the heated pipe, generate polymer easily, the blocked state of pipe further worsens.
So, if pipe choking, generate polymer, even use suitable cleaning solution washing, it is also very difficult fully to remove these polymer.Therefore, finally must decompose heat exchanger, use the high-pressure water jet washing or according to circumstances need to use drill bit etc. mechanically to remove polymer in the pipe, but such action need be long-time, also is disadvantageous economically.
In addition, excessively adhere to, accumulate, also can consider to improve the washing frequency in the pipe in order to prevent attachment.But, owing to the time must stop the normal operation of heat exchanger,, can produce the problem that productivity ratio that what is called possesses the technology of this heat exchanger reduces if washing frequency improves in washing.
The present invention in view of the above fact, the suitable period that purpose is to be provided at attachment on the heat transfer wall that is heated fluid side before too adhering to, accumulating, by removing attachment from heat transfer wall, can be easily and the method for operation of removing the heat exchanger of attachment economically.
Present inventors are conceived to the variation of steam supply pressure in the heat exchanger, find by according to its pressure decision from the period that the heat transfer wall that is heated fluid side is removed attachment, can solve above-mentioned problem, thereby realize the present invention.
The method of operation of heat exchanger of the present invention is that this is heated the steam of fluid being heated fluid and heating, carry out the method for operation of the heat exchanger of heat exchange through heat conductive wall, it is characterized in that, amount according to attachment on the above-mentioned heat transfer wall that is heated fluid side rises the absolute pressure of above-mentioned steam in above-mentioned heat exchanger, keeping by above-mentioned steam when the above-mentioned heat transfer rate that is heated fluid is approximately constant the steam absolute pressure P in the above-mentioned heat exchanger before above-mentioned attachment adheres to
1Steam absolute pressure P in the above-mentioned heat exchanger after adhering to above-mentioned attachment
nWhen satisfying following formula (I), the operation of removing above-mentioned attachment.
1.01＜P
n/P
1＜1.8…(I)
Above-mentioned method of operation is at above-mentioned absolute pressure P
1Effective especially when satisfying following formula (II).
10kPa＜P
1＜500kPa…(II)
In addition, above-mentioned method of operation be shell-and-tube exchanger at above-mentioned heat exchanger, be heated fluid pipe side flow, steam when shell-side flows and the above-mentioned fluid that is heated be effective especially when containing the liquid of easily polymerizable material.
As mentioned above, according to the method for operation of heat exchanger of the present invention, because the steam absolute pressure P in the heat exchanger before attachment adheres to
1Steam pressure P in the heat exchanger after adhering to attachment
nRatio when reaching specific scope, remove the operation of attachment, therefore, can before blocking, the stream that is heated fluid side remove attachment, even be heated fluid is the liquid that contains the easily polymerizable material, also can generate the polymer of following obstruction hardly, can be easily and remove the attachment that adheres to, accumulates on the heat transfer wall of fluid side being heated fully at short notice economically.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 represents the summary construction diagram of the heat exchanger that uses among a routine the present invention.
The explanation of symbol
10 shell-and-tube exchangers
11 shells
12 pipes
The specific embodiment
Below describe the present invention in detail.
Heat exchanger method of operation of the present invention relates to use steam to be heated the running of the heat exchanger of fluid mode as heat medium, the various process fluids of heating etc., in this heat exchanger Shen, is heated fluid and steam and carries out heat exchange through heat conductive wall.Below, as an example of this heat exchanger, enumerate that shell-and-tube exchanger describes among Fig. 1.
Shell-and-tube exchanger 10 among Fig. 1, be also referred to as multi tube heat exchanger, be at a plurality of pipes 12 of the internal configurations of shell 11, in pipe 12 liquid of circulation and in the inboard of shell 11, the liquid of Outboard Sections (in the shell) circulation of pipe 12, through the sidewall of pipe 12, promptly heat conductive wall is carried out the heat exchanger of heat exchange.
In such shell-and-tube exchanger 10, being heated fluid either party in pipe 12 or in the shell 11 flows, steam can flow the opposing party, but shell-and-tube exchanger 10 as graphic example, be heated under the situation that fluid flows in pipe 12, steam flows in shell 11, that follows attachment adheres to, accumulates problems such as easy generator tube internal congestion, as described later, by the period that the attachment of the heat transfer wall that is heated fluid side is removed in the absolute pressure judgement of steam, become very easy and effective.Among Fig. 1, solid line is represented flowing of steam, and dotted line represents to be heated flowing of fluid.
Have no particular limits as being heated fluid, so long as need heated a kind of fluid just without limits, but be to contain under the situation of liquid of easily polymerizable material being heated fluid particularly, at least a portion material polymerization of this easily polymerizable material is attached to the side wall surface of pipe 12.So, if the polymer that generates excessively adheres to, adopt mode such as washing to remove that these are very difficult, finally must decomposition shell-and-tube exchanger 10, use the high-pressure water jet washing or according to circumstances need to use drill bit etc. mechanically to remove spended time and labour.Therefore, as described later, in the period by the attachment of the heat transfer wall that is heated fluid side is removed in the absolute pressure judgement of steam, become very effective.
As the liquid that contains such easily polymerizable material, for example can enumerate, contain acrylic acid, methacrylic acid etc. as the easily polymerizable material and have liquid charging stock compound, chemical synthesis process of ethylenic linkage etc.In addition, as attachment, specifiable is to be heated that the impurity that contains in the fluid is directly separated out and owing to the compound that some reaction generates takes place impurity, also has because compound that some reaction generates etc. takes place a part of fluid principal component that is heated.For example, be heated under the situation that fluid is a methacrylic acid, specifiable is that the high-boiling-point impurity that wherein contains is terephthalic acid (TPA) and polymethylacrylic acid of generating owing to a part of methacrylic acid polymerization etc.
During shell-and-tube exchanger 10 entrys into service in Fig. 1, adjust the pressure regulator valve that the steam of symbol 13 is used, to shell 11 in, supply with steam, make the shell 11 interior steam absolute pressures of shell-and-tube 10 become P
1P
1Can measure by the pressure gauge 14 that in the pipe arrangement of supplying with steam, is provided with.The steam of supplying with is condensed on heat conductive wall, is recovered as condensate through vapour trap 15.
On the other hand, in the inboard of a plurality of pipes 12, make the fluid flow that is heated that is heated by steam.
At this moment, the side wall surface at the pipe 12 of shell-and-tube exchanger 10 promptly is heated on the heat transfer wall of fluid, and attachment is in the state that does not adhere in fact.The pressure P here
1Be the steam absolute pressure P in the shell-and-tube exchanger 10 before attachment adheres to
1, not restriction especially can promptly be heated the suitably settings such as size of the preceding temperature of fluid heating, target heating-up temperature, shell-and-tube exchanger 10 according to heating target, but preferably in the scope that satisfies following formula (II).
10kPa＜P
1＜500kPa…(II)
Steam absolute pressure P
1Under the situation in such scope, in general the temperature that is heated the heat transfer wall of fluid side becomes the temperature that attachment adheres to easily, accumulates, in addition, being heated fluid at this is to contain under the situation of liquid of easily polymerizable material, becomes the temperature of easy polymerization.
Promptly, if the steam absolute pressure is in such scope, attachment excessively is accumulated on the side wall surface of pipe 12, pipe 12 blocks, its result, being heated fluid is to contain under the situation of liquid of easily polymerizable material, has this easily polymerizable material to be trapped in heated pipe and opens in 12 and generate polymer, make the tendency that the blocked state of pipe 12 further worsens.Thereby, steam absolute pressure P
1Under the situation in the such scope, judge as described later by heat transfer wall remove attachment period, carry out suitable washing etc., become more effective.
So, if running shell-and-tube exchanger 10, adhere to, be accumulated on the heat transfer wall along with the time through attachment, the overall heat-transfer coefficient of this shell-and-tube exchanger 10 reduces, and diminish to the heat transfer rate that is heated fluid by steam, its result is heated the temperature that fluid can not be heated to hope.Therefore, under the situation of this shell-and-tube exchanger 10 of running,, make that the steam absolute pressure is by P in shell-and-tube exchanger 10 according to the amount of the attachment that adheres on the heat transfer wall that is heated fluid side
1Rise to P
n, keep approximately constantly to the heat transfer rate that is heated fluid by steam, be heated the temperature that fluid is heated to regulation with being stabilized and turn round.Specifically, measure the temperature that is heated fluid after heating, turn round so that this temperature maintenance is constant when the steam absolute pressure is risen.
Then, at steam absolute pressure P
nSlowly rise, rise when satisfying following formula (I) scope, temporarily stop to the supply of the steam of shell-and-tube exchanger 10 and be heated the supply of fluid, carrying out from the heat transfer wall that is heated fluid side is that the side wall surface of pipe 12 is removed attachment.
1.01＜P
n/P
1＜1.8…(I)
The method of removing of the attachment here is restriction especially, can enumerate by the cleaning solution corresponding to the attachment kind is circulated pipe 12 in, washs attached to the method for the attachment on its side wall surface etc.As cleaning solution, for example, be under the situation of acidic materials at attachment, be fit to use alkaline detergent solutions such as sodium hydrate aqueous solution.
At P
1/ P
nBe 1.0 or following situation under, though the amount of attachment is few, can wash at an easy rate, do not remain in operation even do not wash directly, the problem that pipe 12 blocks can not take place at once yet.Thereby the washing in this period only can make the productivity ratio of technology reduce, and is not preferred economically.If P
n/ P
1Become 1.8 or more than, the quantitative change of attachment gets superfluous and pipe 12 becomes near the state that blocks, in being heated fluid, contain under the situation of easily polymerizable material, also generate the polymer of this easily polymerizable material polymerization, can not remove these polymer fully even wash.That is, if P
n/ P
1In the scope of following formula (I), pipe 12 can not block, even be heated fluid in addition is the liquid that contains the easily polymerizable material, almost do not generate the polymer of this easily polymerizable material yet, therefore can wash easily and fully at short notice, nor can make the economy of technology reduce widely.
So, after removing attachment, the steam absolute pressure in the shell-and-tube exchanger 10 drops to common P
1, entry into service again.
According to the method for operation of such heat exchanger, the steam absolute pressure P in the heat exchanger before attachment adheres to
1Steam absolute pressure P in the heat exchanger after adhering to attachment
nRatio when reaching specific scope, the operation of removing attachment.Therefore, can before blocking, the stream that is heated fluid side remove attachment, even be heated fluid is the liquid that contains the easily polymerizable material, can not generate the polymer of following obstruction yet, can be easily and remove the attachment that adheres to, accumulates on the heat transfer wall of fluid side being heated fully, economically.
Also have, in the above description, enumerated shell-and-tube exchanger 10 as heat exchanger, be illustrated at be heated the situation that fluid flows, steam flows in shell 11 in pipe 12, but on the kind of the heat exchanger that can be suitable for above-mentioned method of operation without limits, in addition, can be applicable to ad lib be heated fluid can be in pipe 12, the either party in the shell 11 flows, attachment can be attached to the running of certain heat exchanger on the heat transfer wall that is heated fluid side.
Embodiment
The present invention is described by the following examples.
(embodiment 1)
Use is provided with the pipe of 213 external diameter 25.4mm, thickness 2.0mm, length 4.0mm and disposes the reboiler of the shell-and-tube exchanger of shell as destilling tower in its outside, carries out the refining of methacrylic acid.The composition of supplying with the liquid in the reboiler is 99wt% methacrylic acid, 1wt% high-boiling-point impurity, and the terephthalic acid (TPA) in this impurity becomes attachment, separates out on the side wall surface (heat transfer wall) of pipe when remaining in operation and adheres to.
Temperature at the process liquid (being heated fluid) of supplying with reboiler is 93 ℃, supply with the absolute pressure P of the steam in this shell heat exchanger
1Be entry into service under the state of 94Kpa, an edge height is supplied with the absolute pressure of steam in this heat exchanger so that heat transfer rate becomes constant, Yi Bian remain in operation.
After 3 months, owing to supply with the absolute pressure P of the steam in the heat exchanger
nRise to 160Kpa, P
n/ P
1=1.70, therefore shut down at this moment, from pipe, extract after the process liquid inside of washing pipe with aqueous sodium hydroxide washes out.After the washing, when checking inside by the range estimation pipe, fully cleaned, the attachment that adheres on the heat transfer wall all is removed.
(comparative example 1)
At shell-and-tube exchanger similarly to Example 1, entry into service under the condition identical with embodiment 1, the absolute pressure of one edge height steam, keep heat transfer rate constant, remained in operation 4 months on one side, because the steam absolute pressure P in this heat exchanger of supply
nRise to 185Kpa, P
n/ P
1=1.97, therefore shut down at this moment, from pipe, extract after the process liquid inside of washing pipe with aqueous sodium hydroxide washes out.After the washing, during by visual inspection inside, confirm 48 pipe chokings.As for about 2/3 pipe wherein, can remove attachment material by using the high-pressure water jet washing, but remaining pipe can not fully be removed attachment, must use drill bit mechanically to remove.
(embodiment 2)
Use is provided with the pipe of 365 external diameter 25.4mm, thickness 2.0mm, length 5.0mm and disposes the reboiler of the shell-and-tube exchanger of shell as destilling tower in its outside, carries out the refining of methacrylic acid.The composition of supplying with the liquid of reboiler is 80wt% methacrylic acid, 5wt% methyl methacrylate, 4wt% acetic acid, 3wt% acrylic acid, other impurity of 8wt%, terephthalic acid (TPA) in this impurity becomes attachment, separates out on the side wall surface (heat transfer wall) of pipe when remaining in operation and adheres to.
Temperature at the process liquid (being heated fluid) of supplying with reboiler is 95 ℃, supply with the absolute pressure P of the steam in this shell heat exchanger
1Be entry into service under the state of 101KPa, an edge height is supplied with the absolute pressure of steam in the heat exchanger so that heat transfer rate becomes constant, Yi Bian remain in operation.
After 3 months, owing to supply with the absolute pressure P of the steam in the heat exchanger
nRise to 158Kpa, P
n/ P
1=1.56, therefore shut down at this moment, from pipe, extract after the process liquid inside of washing pipe with aqueous sodium hydroxide washes out.After the washing, when checking inside by the range estimation pipe, find fully to be washed, the attachment that adheres on the heat transfer wall all is removed.
(comparative example 2)
At shell-and-tube exchanger similarly to Example 2, entry into service under the condition identical with embodiment 1, keeps heat transfer rate constant at the absolute pressure of one edge height steam, Yi Bian remained in operation 4 months, supplies with the absolute pressure P of the steam in this heat exchanger
nRise to 187Kpa, P
n/ P
1=1.85.
Shut down at this moment, from pipe, extract the inside that process liquid is washed pipe with aqueous sodium hydroxide washes afterwards out.After the washing, during by visual inspection inside, confirm 32 pipe chokings, need remove attachment by using the high-pressure water jet washing.
Claims (5)
1. one kind is being heated this steam that is heated fluid of fluid and heating carries out the heat exchanger of heat exchange through heat conductive wall method of operation, it is characterized in that, according to the above-mentioned amount that is heated the attachment that adheres on the heat transfer wall of fluid side the absolute pressure of above-mentioned steam in above-mentioned heat exchanger risen, keeping by above-mentioned steam when the above-mentioned heat transfer rate that is heated fluid is approximately constant the steam absolute pressure P in the above-mentioned heat exchanger after steam absolute pressure P1 in the above-mentioned heat exchanger before above-mentioned attachment adheres to and above-mentioned attachment adhere to
nWhen satisfying following formula (I), the operation of removing above-mentioned attachment.
1.01＜P
n/P
1＜1.8 …(I)
2. the method for operation of the heat exchanger of record in the claim 1 is characterized in that above-mentioned steam absolute pressure P
1Satisfy following formula (II).
10kPa＜P
1＜500kPa …(II)
3. the method for operation of the heat exchanger of record in the claim 1 or 2 is characterized in that above-mentioned heat exchanger is a shell-and-tube exchanger, is heated fluid in the pipe side flow, and steam flows at shell-side.
4. the method for operation of the heat exchanger of record in the claim 1 or 2 is characterized in that the above-mentioned fluid that is heated is the liquid that contains the easily polymerizable material.
5. the method for operation of the heat exchanger of record in the claim 3 is characterized in that the above-mentioned fluid that is heated is the liquid that contains the easily polymerizable material.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2002088201A JP4022089B2 (en) | 2002-03-27 | 2002-03-27 | Operation method of heat exchanger |
| JP088201/2002 | 2002-03-27 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1447090A CN1447090A (en) | 2003-10-08 |
| CN100347509C true CN100347509C (en) | 2007-11-07 |
Family
ID=28449430
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB031211836A Expired - Lifetime CN100347509C (en) | 2002-03-27 | 2003-03-27 | Operation method of head exchanger |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP4022089B2 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN100347509C (en) |
Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4556019A (en) * | 1984-02-24 | 1985-12-03 | University Of Waterloo | Convection section ash monitoring |
| CN86107449A (en) * | 1985-11-07 | 1987-05-27 | 坂本隆夫 | Method for cleaning inner surface of heat transfering tube of heat exchanger |
| CN1045453A (en) * | 1988-05-19 | 1990-09-19 | 国际壳牌有限公司 | Control knocks out the cycle |
| JPH09159393A (en) * | 1995-12-08 | 1997-06-20 | Tokyo Gesuido Energ Kk | Method of promoting peeling off of deposit on inside wall of tube of heat exchanger |
| JPH10160388A (en) * | 1996-11-26 | 1998-06-19 | Hitachi Ltd | Heat exchanger |
| CN1262281A (en) * | 1999-01-26 | 2000-08-09 | 罗姆和哈斯公司 | Method for reducing polymer scaling on surface of reactor in process of continuously preparing polymer |
-
2002
- 2002-03-27 JP JP2002088201A patent/JP4022089B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2003
- 2003-03-27 CN CNB031211836A patent/CN100347509C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4556019A (en) * | 1984-02-24 | 1985-12-03 | University Of Waterloo | Convection section ash monitoring |
| CN86107449A (en) * | 1985-11-07 | 1987-05-27 | 坂本隆夫 | Method for cleaning inner surface of heat transfering tube of heat exchanger |
| CN1045453A (en) * | 1988-05-19 | 1990-09-19 | 国际壳牌有限公司 | Control knocks out the cycle |
| JPH09159393A (en) * | 1995-12-08 | 1997-06-20 | Tokyo Gesuido Energ Kk | Method of promoting peeling off of deposit on inside wall of tube of heat exchanger |
| JPH10160388A (en) * | 1996-11-26 | 1998-06-19 | Hitachi Ltd | Heat exchanger |
| CN1262281A (en) * | 1999-01-26 | 2000-08-09 | 罗姆和哈斯公司 | Method for reducing polymer scaling on surface of reactor in process of continuously preparing polymer |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| 浅谈换热表面的成垢和控制方法 杨祖荣.化学工程，第19卷第2期 1991 * |
| 阻止换热器结垢的新技术 R.Mukherjee,翻译：徐朝希耄盒斐 迹艹? 外油田工程，第7期. 2000 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN1447090A (en) | 2003-10-08 |
| JP2003287375A (en) | 2003-10-10 |
| JP4022089B2 (en) | 2007-12-12 |
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| EE01 | Entry into force of recordation of patent licensing contract |
Assignee: Huizhou Hui Ling Chemical Co., Ltd. Assignor: MITSUBISHI RAYON Co.,Ltd. Contract fulfillment period: From September 30, 2004 to March 27, 2023 Contract record no.: 051000030009 Denomination of invention: Method for operating a heat exchanger License type: General permission Record date: 20050114 |
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| LIC | Patent licence contract for exploitation submitted for record |
Free format text: COMMON LICENCE; TIME LIMIT OF IMPLEMENTING CONTACT: 2004.9.30 TO 2023.3.27 Name of requester: HUIZHOU MMA CO., LTD. Effective date: 20050114 |
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Address after: Tokyo, Japan Patentee after: MITSUBISHI CHEMICAL Corp. Address before: Tokyo, Japan Patentee before: MITSUBISHI RAYON Co.,Ltd. |
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